I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
d
van
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
(
I
JA
A
S
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
be
r
20
25
, pp.
751
~
760
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
a
s
.
v14.
i
3
.
pp751
-
760
751
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
aas
.i
ae
s
c
or
e
.c
om
A
n
i
n
n
ovat
i
ve
d
e
si
gn
a
n
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d
e
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
of
m
u
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i
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f
or
a w
i
n
d
e
n
e
r
gy c
on
ve
r
si
on
sys
t
e
m
R
o
s
ai
ah
M
u
d
ig
o
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la
,
T
h
i
r
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ve
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d
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l
a
M
ad
h
u
B
ab
u
,
S
u
p
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iy
a
D
ac
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p
a
ll
i
,
A
n
u
d
e
e
p
P
u
n
j
al
a
,
M
d
Y
ou
s
u
f
A
li
,
B
ak
a
m
A
n
i
r
u
d
h
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
nd E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng,
T
e
e
ga
l
a
K
r
i
s
hna
R
e
ddy
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng C
ol
l
e
ge
, H
yde
r
a
ba
d, I
ndi
a
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
N
ov 11, 2024
R
e
vi
s
e
d
M
a
y 14, 2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
un 8, 2025
The
drawbacks
of
fossil
fuel
-
based
energy
sources,
including
high
costs,
pollution,
scarcity,
and
environmental
damage,
highlight
how
urgent
it
is
to
switch
to
renewable
energy
s
ources.
Multilevel
i
nverters
(MLI
s
)
are
currently
required
for
the
producti
on
of
wind
electricit
y.
In
this
resea
rch,
to
get
a
reduced
harmonic
distortion,
use
31
-
level
inverter
based
on
shifted
carrier
-
pulse
width
modulation
(SC
-
PWM)
is
developed
for
wind
power
generation
using
MATLAB
/Simulink.
It
aids
in
minimizing
the
total
harmon
ic
distortio
n
(THD)
to
3.20,
and
the
output
voltage
is
enhan
ced
by
the
suggested
MLI.
Wind
energy
extraction
is
optimized
by
combinin
g
with
a
proportional
integral
derivati
ve
(PID)
control
system.
MATLAB
/
Simulink
has
been
used
to
make
sure
the
MLI
structure
and
look
into
the
implementation
of
wind
energy
conversion
systems
using
a
permanent
magnet
synchronous
generator
(PMSG).
In
order
to
show
that
the
sug
gested
inverter
architec
ture
improves
power
conversion
efficie
ncy
and
stabi
lity
in
renewable energy sy
s
tems, the study
also exa
mines power
efficie
ncy,
system
dependability,
and
the
viability
of
large
-
scale
applications.
Additional
ly,
the
study
investigates
grid
integration,
modulation
strategies,
and
switching
losses
to
guarantee
increased
sustainability,
dependability,
and
efficie
ncy
in
wind energy applicatio
ns while lowering
operating costs.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
M
ul
ti
le
ve
l
in
ve
r
te
r
P
e
r
m
a
ne
nt
m
a
gne
t
s
ync
hr
onous
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
S
hi
f
te
d c
a
r
r
ie
r
–
pul
s
e
w
id
th
m
odul
a
ti
on
T
ot
a
l
ha
r
m
oni
c
di
s
to
r
ti
on
W
in
d powe
r
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
R
os
a
ia
h
M
udi
gondla
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
a
nd E
le
c
tr
oni
c
s
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g, T
e
e
ga
la
K
r
is
hna
R
e
ddy E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g C
ol
le
ge
M
e
e
r
pe
t,
M
e
dbo
w
li
, H
yde
r
a
ba
d
500097, I
ndi
a
E
m
a
il
:
r
os
a
ia
h0228@
gm
a
il
.c
om
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
S
ys
te
m
e
ngi
ne
e
r
s
f
in
d
it
di
f
f
ic
ul
t
to
in
te
gr
a
te
th
e
po
w
e
r
s
uppl
i
e
d
by
w
in
d
tu
r
bi
ne
s
w
it
h
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
pow
e
r
s
ys
te
m
.
W
in
d
pow
e
r
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
w
it
h
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ys
te
m
r
e
qui
r
e
s
pow
e
r
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
c
onve
r
te
r
s
,
w
hi
c
h
ha
ve
a
n i
m
pa
c
t
on t
he
c
ons
um
e
r
'
s
pow
e
r
qua
li
ty
. P
ow
e
r
qua
li
ty
m
a
y be
i
m
pa
c
te
d by
to
ta
l
ha
r
m
on
ic
di
s
to
r
ti
o
n
(
T
H
D
)
,
w
hi
c
h c
a
n
b
e
pr
oduc
e
d
w
he
n
pow
e
r
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
c
onve
r
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
a
dde
d
to
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
y
s
te
m
to
in
te
gr
a
te
w
in
d
pow
e
r
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
it
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
gu
a
r
a
nt
e
e
th
a
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ope
r
a
to
r
w
il
l
pr
ovi
de
th
e
c
us
to
m
e
r
w
it
h
hi
gh
-
qua
li
ty
pow
e
r
.
T
he
m
os
t
c
os
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
e
ne
r
gy
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
opt
io
n
is
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
[
1]
,
[
2]
.
F
or
im
pr
ove
d
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
vol
ta
ge
r
e
gul
a
ti
on,
c
onve
r
s
io
n
s
ys
t
e
m
s
pr
im
a
r
il
y
us
e
th
e
double
-
f
e
d
in
duc
ti
on
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
(
D
F
I
G
)
[
3]
a
nd
pe
r
m
a
ne
nt
m
a
gne
t
s
ync
hr
onous
ge
n
e
r
a
to
r
(
P
M
S
G
)
[
4
]
ty
pe
s
of
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
s
.
P
ow
e
r
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
s
pl
a
y
a
pa
r
t
in
im
pr
ovi
ng
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
of
w
in
d
e
n
e
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
io
n
a
nd
u
s
e
[
5]
.
C
om
pa
r
e
d
to
th
e
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
vol
ta
ge
s
our
c
e
in
ve
r
te
r
(
V
S
I
)
,
m
ul
ti
le
ve
l
in
ve
r
te
r
s
(
M
L
I
s
)
ha
ve
be
e
n
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
d
f
or
th
e
i
r
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
m
a
nuf
a
c
tu
r
e
hi
gh
-
qua
li
ty
out
put
vol
ta
ge
s
c
oupl
e
d
to
r
e
duc
e
d
di
s
to
r
ti
on
a
nd
lo
w
bl
oc
ki
ng
vol
ta
ge
s
of
s
e
m
ic
onduc
to
r
s
in
s
ta
nda
lo
ne
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
io
n
s
ys
te
m
s
[
6]
.
A
ne
w
M
L
I
to
pol
ogy
f
or
s
ol
a
r
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
w
a
s
c
r
e
a
te
d
in
[
7]
ut
il
iz
in
g
a
n
H
-
b
r
id
ge
in
ve
r
te
r
a
nd
a
D
C
li
nk
c
a
pa
c
it
or
,
w
hi
c
h
ha
s
b
e
e
n
s
how
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
751
-
760
752
to
r
e
s
ul
t
in
f
e
w
e
r
s
w
it
c
he
s
.
B
oos
ti
ng
pow
e
r
qua
li
ty
a
nd
c
om
pe
ns
a
ti
ng
f
or
r
e
a
c
ti
ve
pow
e
r
by
us
in
g
a
n
a
c
ti
ve
pow
e
r
f
il
te
r
.
A
s
e
r
ie
s
a
c
ti
ve
pow
e
r
f
il
te
r
(
S
A
P
F
)
is
us
e
d
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
to
e
qua
li
z
e
f
o
r
vol
ta
ge
di
s
to
r
t
io
ns
s
uc
h
a
s
s
a
gs
,
f
li
c
ke
r
s
,
a
nd
not
c
he
s
,
a
nd
to
lo
w
e
r
ha
r
m
oni
c
s
in
lo
w
a
nd
m
e
di
um
-
vol
ta
ge
e
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
S
A
P
F
r
e
duc
e
s
T
H
D
by
in
je
c
ti
ng
v
ol
ta
ge
e
nt
e
r
s
th
e
li
ne
to
le
s
s
e
n
d
is
to
r
ti
ons
[
8]
.
T
o
c
r
e
a
te
a
n
A
C
vol
ta
ge
w
it
h
m
in
im
a
l
T
H
D
a
nd
pow
e
r
lo
s
s
,
a
br
id
ge
in
ve
r
te
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
a
D
C
vol
ta
ge
in
th
e
f
or
m
of
a
s
ta
ir
c
a
s
e
th
a
t
r
oughly
r
e
s
e
m
bl
e
s
th
e
r
e
in
s
ta
te
d
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
of
a
pr
e
s
c
r
ib
e
d
s
in
us
oi
d
a
l
w
a
ve
.
T
h
e
br
id
ge
in
ve
r
te
r
th
e
n
s
w
it
c
he
s
th
e
pol
a
r
it
y
[
9]
.
P
a
la
ni
e
t
al
.
[
10]
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
n
e
w
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
d
m
ul
ti
la
ye
r
in
ve
r
te
r
de
s
ig
n
th
a
t
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
r
e
duc
e
s
th
e
num
be
r
of
s
w
it
c
he
s
a
nd
D
C
vol
ta
ge
s
our
c
e
s
.
T
h
e
c
r
os
s
-
s
w
it
c
he
d
M
L
I
is
c
oupl
e
d
to
a
s
w
it
c
he
d
-
c
a
pa
c
it
or
c
ir
c
ui
t,
w
hi
c
h
f
ur
th
e
r
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
th
e
in
put
vol
ta
ge
w
hi
le
lo
w
e
r
in
g
it.
T
he
a
s
s
or
tm
e
nt
of
pow
e
r
s
uppl
y
a
n
d
s
w
it
c
hi
ng
de
vi
c
e
s
[
11]
.
R
e
duc
e
d
de
ta
c
h
e
d
DC
s
our
c
e
s
ha
ve
b
e
e
n
e
m
pl
oye
d
w
it
h
s
e
r
ie
s
-
c
onne
c
te
d
c
a
pa
c
it
or
-
c
la
m
pe
d
M
L
I
[
12]
.
A
nove
l
opt
im
a
l
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
on
f
or
M
L
I
is
s
u
gge
s
te
d,
w
hi
c
h
us
e
s
a
lo
w
e
r
bl
oc
ki
ng
vol
ta
g
e
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
a
nd
pr
oduc
e
s
la
r
ge
vol
ta
ge
s
w
it
h
f
e
w
e
r
s
w
it
c
he
s
[
13
]
.
A
c
om
pa
r
is
on
be
twe
e
n
a
s
ym
m
e
tr
ic
hybr
id
M
L
I
th
a
t
us
e
s
a
c
us
to
m
iz
e
d
H
-
br
id
ge
in
ve
r
te
r
a
nd
a
n
a
s
ym
m
e
tr
ic
s
e
ve
nt
e
e
n
-
le
ve
l
s
w
it
c
hi
ng
c
a
pa
c
it
or
M
L
I
ha
s
be
e
n
m
a
de
[
14]
.
I
t
ha
s
b
e
e
n
s
ugge
s
t
e
d
to
u
s
e
s
w
it
c
hi
ng
c
a
pa
c
it
or
s
of
th
e
M
L
I
ty
pe
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
th
e
c
onve
r
te
r
'
s
c
a
pa
c
it
y
[
15]
.
I
t
is
e
xpl
a
in
e
d
how
to
us
e
a
c
a
s
c
a
de
d
H
-
br
id
ge
M
L
I
a
s
a
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
ta
ti
c
c
om
pe
ns
a
to
r
(
D
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
)
w
it
h
a
pr
opor
ti
ona
l
-
in
te
gr
a
l
(
PI
)
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
to
lo
w
e
r
s
our
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
ha
r
m
oni
c
s
in
th
e
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
ys
t
e
m
[
16]
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on
to
c
om
pe
n
s
a
ti
ng
r
e
a
c
ti
ve
pow
e
r
,
th
e
P
I
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
lo
w
e
r
s
s
our
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
ha
r
m
oni
c
s
a
nd ke
e
ps
t
he
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n s
ys
te
m
'
s
pow
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
a
t
uni
ty
.
A
m
ul
ti
-
pha
s
e
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
,
a
pa
s
s
iv
e
r
e
c
ti
f
ie
r
,
a
m
odul
a
r
m
e
di
um
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
e
r
-
ba
s
e
d
c
onve
r
te
r
,
a
nd
a
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
our
c
e
c
onve
r
te
r
(
C
S
C
)
a
r
e
th
e
c
om
pone
nt
s
of
a
ne
w
C
S
C
-
ba
s
e
d
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
io
n
s
ys
t
e
m
th
a
t
ha
s
b
e
e
n
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
[
17]
.
A
ls
kr
a
n
a
nd
S
im
oe
s
[
18]
pr
ovi
de
a
th
or
ough
e
xpl
a
na
ti
on
of
how
m
odul
a
r
m
ul
ti
le
ve
l
c
onve
r
te
r
s
(
M
M
C
s
)
w
or
k
in
ge
ne
r
a
l.
I
t
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
s
th
a
t
a
n
M
M
C
c
a
n
f
unc
ti
on
in
nor
m
a
l,
s
te
p
-
dow
n,
or
s
te
p
-
up
m
ode
s
by
a
dj
us
ti
ng
th
e
a
r
m
D
C
c
om
pone
nt
.
W
he
n
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
pr
e
vi
ous
vol
ta
ge
li
f
t
m
e
th
ods
li
ke
s
upe
r
l
if
t
c
onve
r
te
r
s
a
nd
c
la
s
s
ic
a
l
boos
t
c
onve
r
te
r
s
,
ul
tr
a
-
li
f
t
c
onve
r
te
r
s
pr
oduc
e
e
xt
r
e
m
e
ly
hi
gh
out
put
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
g
a
in
s
w
it
h
ge
om
e
tr
ic
gr
ow
th
.
C
om
pa
r
a
ti
ve
ly
s
pe
a
ki
ng,
it
a
l
s
o
of
f
e
r
s
b
e
tt
e
r
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
a
s
m
a
ll
e
r
s
iz
e
.
C
ont
in
uous
c
onduc
ti
on
m
ode
is
us
e
d
to
a
na
ly
z
e
th
e
ope
r
a
ti
on
of
u
lt
r
a
-
li
f
t
c
onve
r
te
r
s
[
19]
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
a
na
ly
z
e
a
nd
e
va
lu
a
te
th
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
of
a
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
io
n
s
ys
te
m
,
a
w
in
d
tu
r
bi
ne
e
m
ul
a
to
r
(
W
T
E
)
w
a
s
de
s
ig
n
e
d
a
nd
d
e
ve
lo
pe
d
[
2
0]
.
S
a
nde
e
p
e
t
al
.
[
21]
pr
ovi
de
a
be
tt
e
r
m
ode
l
of
a
gr
id
-
c
onne
c
te
d
w
in
d
pow
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
(
G
C
W
P
S
)
th
a
t
us
e
s
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
f
or
c
ont
r
ol
a
nd
is
pow
e
r
e
d
by
a
P
M
S
G
.
I
t
r
e
c
r
ui
ts
two
vol
ta
ge
s
our
c
e
c
onve
r
te
r
s
(
V
S
C
)
ba
s
e
d
on
in
s
ul
a
te
d
-
ga
te
-
bi
pol
a
r
-
tr
a
ns
is
to
r
(
I
G
B
T
)
;
one
i
s
a
s
s
oc
ia
te
d
w
it
h
th
e
gr
id
(
in
ve
r
te
r
)
, a
nd t
he
ot
he
r
i
s
c
or
r
e
la
te
d t
o t
he
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
(
r
e
c
ti
f
ie
r
)
.
H
ong
a
nd
C
he
n
e
t
al
.
[
22]
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
ophi
s
ti
c
a
te
d
c
ont
r
ol
m
e
th
o
ds
ba
s
e
d
on
a
n
a
da
pt
iv
e
ne
ur
o
-
f
uz
z
y
in
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
ys
te
m
(
A
N
F
I
S
)
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
f
or
opt
im
a
l
gr
id
de
pl
o
ym
e
nt
of
phot
ovol
ta
ic
s
(
PV
)
a
nd
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
in
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
gy
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
M
a
xi
m
iz
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
of
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
gy
,
im
pr
ovi
ng
pow
e
r
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
im
pr
ovi
ng
gr
id
s
ta
bi
li
ty
a
r
e
th
e
goa
ls
of
th
e
A
N
F
I
S
c
ont
r
ol
.
E
L
m
or
s
he
dy
e
t
al
.
[
23]
e
xpl
a
in
how
to
ope
r
a
te
a
P
M
S
G
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
io
n
s
ys
te
m
on
it
s
ow
n.
R
e
ga
r
di
ng
c
e
r
ta
in
w
or
ki
ng
c
ir
c
um
s
ta
nc
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
w
in
d
-
s
pe
e
d
va
r
ia
ti
on,
lo
a
d
va
r
ia
ti
on,
in
di
s
pr
opor
ti
ona
te
c
ir
c
um
s
ta
nc
e
s
,
th
e
c
ont
r
ol
a
ppr
oa
c
h
th
a
t
is
be
in
g
de
s
c
r
ib
e
d
s
e
e
k
s
to
r
e
gul
a
te
th
e
lo
a
d
v
ol
ta
ge
in
m
a
gni
tu
de
a
nd
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
A
di
s
a
dva
nt
a
ge
of
th
e
pow
e
r
c
onve
r
te
r
s
e
m
pl
oye
d
in
P
M
S
G
s
ys
te
m
s
i
s
th
a
t
th
e
lo
w
e
r
e
ne
r
gy
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
r
e
gi
on
is
r
e
s
tr
ic
te
d
by
th
e
c
onve
nt
io
na
l
in
ve
r
te
r
'
s
w
or
s
e
D
C
bu
s
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
a
t
m
in
im
um
r
a
te
s
of
w
in
d.
T
he
ge
n
e
r
a
ti
ng
s
ys
te
m
'
s
lo
w
e
r
li
m
it
is
de
te
r
m
in
e
d
by
th
e
c
onv
e
r
te
r
s
'
pul
s
e
w
id
th
m
odul
a
ti
on
(
P
W
M
)
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
,
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
,
a
nd
r
a
ti
ng.
F
or
th
e
gr
id
s
id
e
c
onve
r
te
r
,
a
ne
w
dua
l
-
le
ve
l
in
v
e
r
te
r
-
ba
s
e
d
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
is
pr
opos
e
d
in
[
24]
in
or
de
r
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
D
C
bus
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on.
A
ti
f
i
e
t
al
.
[
25]
r
e
s
ol
ve
d
th
e
is
s
ue
of
c
ont
r
ol
li
ng
th
e
c
onne
c
ti
on
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
e
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
gr
id
a
nd a
w
in
d s
ys
t
e
m
t
ha
t
us
e
s
a
P
M
S
G
.
T
hi
s
s
tu
dy
pr
opos
e
s
a
nd
de
s
ig
ns
a
n
M
L
I
c
onf
ig
ur
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
s
hi
f
te
d
c
a
r
r
ie
r
pul
s
e
w
id
th
m
odul
a
ti
on
(
S
C
-
P
W
M
)
f
or
w
in
dm
il
l
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
th
e
s
ugge
s
te
d
M
L
I
is
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
S
C
-
P
W
M
a
ppr
oa
c
h.
T
he
out
put
vol
ta
ge
c
a
n
be
im
pr
ove
d
,
a
nd
T
H
D
c
a
n
be
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
S
C
-
P
W
M
a
ppr
oa
c
h. A
lt
hough the
c
onve
r
s
io
n e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y of
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
gy s
our
c
e
s
i
s
not
a
s
hi
gh a
s
t
ha
t
of
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
e
ne
r
gy
s
our
c
e
s
,
te
c
hnol
ogy
is
c
ons
ta
nt
ly
b
e
in
g
im
pr
ove
d
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
it
s
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
to
a
bove
90%
.
W
in
d
pow
e
r
pl
a
nt
s
ge
ne
r
a
te
e
le
c
tr
ic
it
y
a
t
a
r
e
la
ti
ve
ly
lo
w
e
r
c
o
s
t
th
a
n
ot
he
r
m
e
th
ods
of
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on.
A
lo
t
of
m
a
jo
r
ut
il
it
y
-
s
c
a
le
w
in
d
pow
e
r
pl
a
nt
s
a
r
e
a
s
s
e
m
bl
e
d
in
a
ye
a
r
.
A
m
ong
th
e
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
ubs
e
c
ti
ons
of
a
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
io
n
s
ys
t
e
m
,
th
e
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
ty
pe
i
s
th
e
m
os
t
c
r
uc
ia
l.
S
e
l
f
-
e
xc
it
e
d
in
duc
ti
on
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
s
(
S
E
I
G
)
,
D
F
I
G
,
a
nd P
M
S
G
a
r
e
a
m
ong the
va
r
io
us
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
t
ype
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
e
m
pl
oye
d.
2.
M
U
L
T
I
L
E
V
E
L
I
N
V
E
R
T
E
R
M
L
I
a
r
e
a
dva
nc
e
d
pow
e
r
c
onve
r
s
io
n
de
vi
c
e
s
th
a
t
pr
oduc
e
o
ut
put
vol
ta
ge
s
w
it
h
m
ul
ti
pl
e
di
s
c
r
e
te
le
ve
ls
,
im
pr
ovi
ng
w
a
ve
f
or
m
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ve
r
s
us
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
two
-
le
ve
l
in
ve
r
te
r
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
1
im
pl
ie
s
a
ba
s
ic
M
L
I
s
c
he
m
a
ti
c
di
a
gr
a
m
.
T
he
y
a
c
hi
e
ve
th
is
by
s
ta
c
ki
ng
s
e
ve
r
a
l
vol
ta
ge
le
ve
ls
us
in
g
s
e
r
ie
s
-
c
onne
c
te
d
pow
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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A
n i
nnov
at
iv
e
de
s
ig
n and de
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
of
m
ul
ti
le
v
e
l
in
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
or
a w
in
d e
ne
r
gy
…
(
R
os
ai
ah M
udi
gondla
)
753
s
e
m
ic
onduc
to
r
de
vi
c
e
s
.
B
y
e
m
pl
oyi
ng
SC
-
P
W
M
,
th
e
s
e
in
ve
r
te
r
s
s
ynt
he
s
iz
e
a
s
ta
ir
c
a
s
e
-
li
ke
out
put
w
a
ve
f
or
m
th
a
t
c
lo
s
e
ly
r
e
s
e
m
bl
e
s
a
s
in
us
oi
da
l
s
ha
pe
.
T
hi
s
c
onf
ig
ur
a
ti
on
r
e
duc
e
s
T
H
D
,
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
in
c
l
e
a
ne
r
pow
e
r
de
li
ve
r
y
a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y.
A
n
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
m
e
th
od
f
or
im
pr
ovi
ng
out
put
w
a
ve
f
or
m
qua
li
ty
a
nd
lo
w
e
r
in
g
ha
r
m
oni
c
di
s
to
r
ti
on i
n i
nve
r
te
r
s
, e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
M
L
I
, i
s
SC
-
P
W
M
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
M
L
I
a
ll
ow
s
f
o
r
lo
w
e
r
vol
ta
ge
r
a
ti
ngs
a
nd
gr
e
a
te
r
de
pe
nda
bi
li
ty
by
di
s
tr
ib
ut
in
g
vol
ta
ge
s
tr
e
s
s
a
m
ong
s
e
ve
r
a
l
c
om
pone
nt
s
.
A
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
e
le
c
tr
ic
c
a
r
s
,
in
du
s
tr
ia
l
m
ot
or
dr
iv
e
s
,
a
nd
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
gy
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
m
a
k
e
e
xt
e
n
s
iv
e
us
e
of
th
e
m
.
T
he
y
a
r
e
c
r
uc
ia
l
to
c
ont
e
m
por
a
r
y
pow
e
r
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
s
be
c
a
us
e
of
t
he
ir
c
a
p
a
c
it
y t
o pr
oduc
e
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
pow
e
r
qua
li
ty
a
nd e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
e
ne
r
gy c
onve
r
s
io
n.
F
ig
ur
e
1. B
a
s
ic
M
L
I
s
c
he
m
a
ti
c
di
a
gr
a
m
3.
WI
N
D
P
O
WE
R
E
N
E
R
G
Y
A
w
in
d
tu
r
bi
ne
m
ode
l
in
S
im
ul
in
k
c
ons
is
ts
of
a
w
in
d
in
put
bl
oc
k
to
s
im
ul
a
te
va
r
yi
ng
w
in
d
c
ondi
ti
ons
,
a
tu
r
bi
ne
m
ode
l
to
c
onve
r
t
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy
in
to
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
pow
e
r
,
a
nd
a
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
(
s
ync
hr
onous
or
D
F
I
G
)
to
pr
oduc
e
e
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
pow
e
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
2
de
pi
c
ts
a
bl
oc
k
di
a
gr
a
m
of
w
in
d
e
ne
r
gy.
A
pr
im
a
r
y
pr
opor
ti
ona
l
in
te
gr
a
l
de
r
iv
a
ti
ve
(
P
I
D
)
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
a
dj
us
ts
th
e
bl
a
de
pi
tc
h
a
ngl
e
to
r
e
gul
a
te
s
pe
e
d
a
nd
m
a
xi
m
iz
e
pow
e
r
out
put
. A
ddi
ti
ona
l
c
om
pone
nt
s
, l
ik
e
pow
e
r
c
onve
r
s
io
n a
nd gr
id
s
ync
hr
oni
z
a
ti
on, c
a
n be
i
nc
lu
de
d f
or
gr
id
-
ti
e
d
s
e
tu
ps
.
T
og
e
th
e
r
,
th
e
s
e
c
om
pone
nt
s
s
im
ul
a
te
dyna
m
ic
w
in
d
tu
r
bi
ne
ope
r
a
ti
ons
in
va
r
yi
ng
c
ondi
ti
ons
.
E
ve
r
y
s
ubs
ys
te
m
w
in
d,
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l,
ge
n
e
r
a
to
r
,
a
nd
c
ont
r
ol
le
r
is
c
ons
tr
uc
te
d
a
nd
li
nke
d
us
in
g
th
e
a
ppr
opr
ia
te
bl
oc
ks
in
S
im
ul
in
k.
I
n
or
de
r
to
r
e
pl
ic
a
te
ge
nui
ne
tu
r
bi
ne
be
ha
vi
or
,
s
im
ul
a
ti
on
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
in
it
ia
l
c
ir
c
um
s
ta
nc
e
s
,
w
in
d f
lu
c
tu
a
ti
ons
, a
nd t
uni
ng s
e
tt
in
gs
a
r
e
s
e
t
up.
F
ig
ur
e
2. B
a
s
ic
bl
oc
k di
a
gr
a
m
of
w
in
d e
ne
r
gy
3.1.
P
e
r
m
an
e
n
t
m
agn
e
t
s
yn
c
h
r
on
ou
s
ge
n
e
r
at
or
m
od
e
li
n
g
T
he
c
ir
c
ui
t
di
a
gr
a
m
f
o
r
t
he
w
o
r
ki
ng ge
ne
r
a
to
r
i
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3. T
he
f
le
xi
bl
e
e
qua
ti
on
a
s
s
oc
ia
te
d
w
it
h t
he
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ng kind of
m
a
ne
uve
r
c
a
n be
s
ta
t
e
d m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y a
s
(
1)
.
=
−
(
+
)
(
1)
F
or
e
a
c
h
m
a
c
hi
ne
pha
s
e
,
is
th
e
le
a
ka
g
e
r
e
a
c
ta
nc
e
in
s
e
r
ie
s
w
it
h
th
e
r
e
s
is
ta
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
th
e
te
r
m
in
a
l
vol
ta
ge
a
nd a
ir
ga
p e
.m
.f
., a
nd
is
th
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
r
e
s
is
ta
n
c
e
.
T
he
m
ode
l
f
or
P
M
S
G
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
3.
A
s
in
us
oi
da
l
ba
c
k
e
.m
.f
.,
ne
gl
ig
ib
le
e
ddy
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd
hys
te
r
e
s
is
lo
s
s
e
s
,
a
nd
no
di
s
s
e
m
in
a
ti
on
a
r
e
a
s
s
um
e
d
by
th
is
dyna
m
ic
m
ode
l.
I
r
on
lo
s
s
e
s
a
r
e
ta
k
e
n
in
to
c
ons
id
e
r
a
ti
on, a
nd t
he
dyna
m
ic
e
qu
a
ti
ons
f
or
t
he
P
M
S
G
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
a
s
i
n (
2)
-
(
7)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
751
-
760
754
=
1
(
−
+
)
(
2)
=
1
(
−
+
−
)
(
3)
=
1
(
−
+
)
(
4)
=
1
(
+
+
+
)
(
5)
=
−
(
6)
=
−
(
7)
W
he
r
e
th
e
a
xe
s
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
a
r
e
de
not
e
d
by
a
nd
,
th
e
ir
on
lo
s
s
e
s
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
by
a
nd
,
th
e
m
a
gne
ti
s
in
g
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
by
a
nd
,
th
e
a
xe
s
in
duc
ta
nc
e
s
by
a
nd
,
a
nd
th
e
a
xe
s
vol
ta
ge
s
by
a
nd
.
I
f
is
th
e
m
ut
ua
l
f
lu
x
c
a
us
e
d
by
m
a
gne
ts
,
th
e
n
is
th
e
r
e
s
i
s
ta
nc
e
to
ir
on
lo
s
s
e
s
a
nd
is
th
e
r
e
s
i
s
ta
nc
e
of
th
e
s
ta
to
r
.
T
he
e
qu
a
ti
on f
or
t
he
P
M
S
G
'
s
e
le
c
tr
om
a
gne
ti
c
t
or
que
a
s
i
n (
8)
.
=
2
3
[
+
(
−
)
]
(
8)
W
he
r
e
t
he
s
ym
bol
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
va
lu
e
of
pol
e
pa
ir
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
3. C
ir
c
ui
t
di
a
gr
a
m
of
P
M
S
G
4.
M
O
D
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
T
he
S
C
-
P
W
M
in
qui
r
y
ta
ke
s
not
e
of
th
e
te
c
hni
que
;
th
e
S
C
-
P
W
M
w
a
ve
f
or
m
is
di
s
pl
a
y
e
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
4.
F
or
m
odul
a
ti
ng
e
a
c
h
c
e
ll
in
de
pe
nde
nt
ly
,
bi
pol
a
r
a
nd
s
in
us
oi
da
l
P
W
M
a
r
e
ta
ke
n
in
to
c
ons
id
e
r
a
ti
on.
T
he
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
vol
ta
ge
s
ig
na
l
is
c
ons
ta
nt
ly
c
om
pa
r
e
d
w
it
h
e
a
c
h
c
e
ll
of
th
e
s
hi
f
te
d
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
ig
na
l.
F
or
e
ve
r
y
f
ul
l
br
id
ge
in
ve
r
te
r
in
a
m
ul
ti
la
ye
r
pha
s
e
le
g,
a
180°
pha
s
e
s
hi
f
t
is
in
t
r
oduc
e
d.
T
hi
s
m
e
th
od'
s
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
dr
a
s
ti
c
a
ll
y
r
e
duc
e
T
H
D
,
w
hi
c
h
r
e
s
ul
t
s
in
c
le
a
ne
r
e
l
e
c
tr
ic
it
y
a
nd
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
is
one
of
it
s
m
a
in
a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
.
S
C
-
P
W
M
i
s
a
ls
o
s
ui
ta
bl
e
f
or
m
ot
or
dr
iv
e
s
,
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
gy
s
ys
te
m
s
,
a
nd
ot
he
r
hi
gh
-
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
s
in
c
e
i
t
m
a
y b
e
us
e
d i
n a
v
a
r
ie
ty
of
t
opol
ogi
e
s
, s
uc
h a
s
c
a
s
c
a
de
d
M
L
I
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
4. S
C
-
P
W
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
I
S
S
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:
2252
-
8814
A
n i
nnov
at
iv
e
de
s
ig
n and de
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
of
m
ul
ti
le
v
e
l
in
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
or
a w
in
d e
ne
r
gy
…
(
R
os
ai
ah M
udi
gondla
)
755
T
he
S
C
-
P
W
M
s
ig
na
l
w
a
v
e
f
or
m
is
di
s
pl
a
ye
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
5.
T
he
n
-
le
ve
l
in
ve
r
te
r
ge
ne
r
a
te
s
th
e
n
-
1
pha
s
e
-
s
hi
f
te
d
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
ig
na
l.
S
im
ul
a
ti
ons
a
r
e
r
un
,
a
nd
a
31
-
le
v
e
l
in
ve
r
te
r
is
d
e
s
ig
ne
d.
T
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
is
th
e
ir
ope
r
a
ti
ng pr
oc
e
dur
e
, w
hi
c
h t
a
ke
s
i
nt
o a
c
c
ount
t
he
S
C
-
P
W
M
t
e
c
hni
que
.
‒
n=
le
ve
l
of
t
he
i
nve
r
te
r
.
‒
N
-
1.
i.
e
.
,
T
he
a
r
r
a
nge
m
e
nt
is
f
our
c
a
r
r
ie
r
w
a
ve
f
or
m
s
.
T
h
e
f
ul
l
b
r
id
ge
in
ve
r
te
r
'
s
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
a
r
e
c
ho
s
e
n
w
it
h a
90° pha
s
e
s
hi
f
t.
‒
T
he
c
onve
r
te
r
c
ha
ng
e
s
t
o +
V
d
c
i
f
t
he
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
goe
s
ov
e
r
a
ll
of
t
he
c
a
r
r
ie
r
w
a
ve
f
or
m
s
.
‒
T
he
c
onve
r
te
r
c
onve
r
ts
to
V
d
c
/2
if
th
e
c
ont
e
xt
is
m
or
e
th
a
n
a
ll
ot
he
r
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
a
nd
lo
w
e
r
th
a
n
th
e
hi
ghe
s
t
c
a
r
r
ie
r
w
a
ve
f
or
m
.
‒
T
he
c
onve
r
te
r
f
li
ps
to
0
if
th
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
m
or
e
th
a
n
two
lo
w
e
r
m
os
t
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
a
nd
le
s
s
th
a
n
th
e
two
la
r
ge
s
t
c
a
r
r
ie
r
pa
tt
e
r
ns
of
w
a
ve
s
.
‒
T
hi
s
c
a
us
e
s
th
e
c
onve
r
te
r
to
s
w
it
c
h
to
-
V
dc
/2
if
t
he
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
ha
s
be
e
n
e
le
va
te
d
a
bove
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
c
a
r
r
ie
r
a
nd l
ow
e
r
t
ha
n a
ny othe
r
c
a
r
r
ie
r
.
‒
T
he
c
onve
r
te
r
c
ha
ng
e
s
t
o
-
V
dc
i
f
t
he
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
i
s
l
e
s
s
t
ha
n
a
ll
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
.
P
a
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
in
M
L
I
s
or
m
odul
a
r
c
onve
r
te
r
s
,
pha
s
e
-
s
hi
f
te
d
P
W
M
w
a
ve
f
or
m
s
a
r
e
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
th
r
ough
th
e
us
e
of
s
hi
f
te
d
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
ig
na
l
pr
oduc
ti
on.
T
hi
s
t
e
c
hni
que
e
nt
a
il
s
pr
o
duc
in
g
a
num
be
r
of
hi
gh
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
ig
na
ls
, us
u
a
ll
y unif
or
m
ly
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d ove
r
t
he
numbe
r
of
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
, e
a
c
h pha
s
e
-
s
hi
f
te
d by a
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
a
ngl
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
5. S
C
-
P
W
M
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on of
s
ig
na
l
T
he
p
ha
s
e
s
hi
f
ti
ng
of
th
e
c
a
r
r
ie
r
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
s
i
n (
9)
.
=
(
−
1
)
(
9)
W
he
r
e
,
S=
ℎ
br
id
ge
, n
=
N
um
be
r
of
i
nve
r
te
r
s
.
=
(
−
1
)
2
(
10)
I
n
e
a
c
h
pha
s
e
le
g,
is
th
e
qua
nt
it
y
of
s
w
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ur
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r
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ig
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ge
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ul
a
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ul
ts
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ve
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ont
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hi
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a
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h
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ig
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c
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ont
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h t
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om
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in
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in
th
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gge
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te
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ode
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c
h
c
a
n
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d
to
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e
a
r
c
h
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e
va
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te
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nt
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gy
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s
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m
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d
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r
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our
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ngi
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
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:
2252
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8814
I
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J
A
dv A
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S
c
i
,
V
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.
14
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o.
3
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A
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s
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s
,
a
nd f
a
c
il
it
a
te
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ol
la
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a
ti
on.
N
am
e
o
f
A
u
t
h
or
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
R
os
a
ia
h
M
udi
gondla
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
T
hi
r
uve
e
dul
a
M
a
dhu
B
a
bu
✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
S
upr
iy
a
D
a
c
he
pa
ll
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
A
nude
e
p P
unj
a
la
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
M
d Y
ous
uf
A
li
✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
B
a
ka
m
A
ni
r
udh
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
onc
e
pt
ua
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
M
:
M
e
t
hodol
ogy
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
da
t
i
on
Fo
:
Fo
r
m
a
l
a
na
l
ys
i
s
I
:
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nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
on
R
:
R
e
s
our
c
e
s
D
:
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a
t
a
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ur
a
t
i
on
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
ng
-
O
r
i
gi
na
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
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r
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t
i
ng
-
R
e
vi
e
w
&
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di
t
i
ng
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:
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s
ua
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
Su
:
Su
pe
r
vi
s
i
on
P
:
P
r
oj
e
c
t
a
dm
i
ni
s
t
r
a
t
i
on
Fu
:
Fu
ndi
ng a
c
qui
s
i
t
i
on
C
O
N
F
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
S
T
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
A
ut
hor
s
s
ta
te
no c
onf
li
c
t
of
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t.
D
A
T
A
A
V
A
I
L
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
T
he
da
ta
th
a
t
s
uppor
t
th
e
f
in
di
ngs
of
th
is
s
tu
dy
a
r
e
ope
nl
y
a
v
a
il
a
bl
e
in
[
I
r
a
ni
a
n
J
our
na
l
of
S
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy]
a
t
doi
:
10.1007/s
40998
-
023
-
00661
-
2, r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
numbe
r
[
10]
.
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[
1]
V
.
K
r
i
s
hna
kum
a
r
,
P
.
A
nba
r
a
s
a
n,
J
.
P
r
a
de
e
p,
a
nd
M
.
V
i
j
a
ya
r
a
ga
va
n,
“
M
odi
f
i
e
d
dua
l
i
nput
dua
l
out
put
D
C
-
D
C
c
onve
r
t
e
r
f
or
bl
a
de
l
e
s
s
w
i
nd
e
ne
r
gy
ha
r
ve
s
t
i
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
,”
i
n
2021
12t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
Sy
m
pos
i
um
on
A
dv
anc
e
d
T
opi
c
s
i
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
I
E
E
E
, 2021, pp. 1
–
6. doi
:
10.1109/
A
T
E
E
52255.2021.9425186.
[
2]
Y
.
Z
ha
ng,
X
.
Y
ua
n,
a
nd
X
.
W
u,
“
A
na
l
ys
i
s
of
t
he
m
e
di
um
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
os
c
i
l
l
a
t
i
on
i
s
s
ue
i
n
a
m
e
di
um
-
vol
t
a
ge
hi
gh
-
pow
e
r
w
i
nd
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
ons
on
I
ndus
t
r
i
al
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
,
vol
.
66,
no.
9,
pp.
7043
–
7054,
2019,
doi
:
10.1109/
T
I
E
.2018.2878118.
[
3]
P
.
S
.
B
a
r
e
nds
e
a
nd
P
.
P
i
l
l
a
y,
“
A
doubl
y
-
f
e
d
i
nduc
t
i
on
ge
n
e
r
a
t
or
dr
i
ve
f
or
a
w
i
nd
e
n
e
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
,”
SA
I
E
E
A
f
r
i
c
a
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h J
ou
r
nal
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s
a
i
e
e
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9487880.
[
4]
J
.
H
ui
,
A
.
B
a
khs
ha
i
,
a
nd
P
.
J
a
i
n,
“
A
n
e
ne
r
gy
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
c
he
m
e
w
i
t
h
pow
e
r
l
i
m
i
t
c
a
pa
bi
l
i
t
y
a
nd
a
n
a
da
pt
i
ve
m
a
xi
m
um
pow
e
r
poi
nt
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
f
or
s
m
a
l
l
s
t
a
nda
l
one
P
M
S
G
w
i
nd
e
ne
r
gy
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
ons
on
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
,
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,
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E
L
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[
5]
H
.
L
i
u,
M
.
S
.
A
.
D
a
hi
da
h,
J
.
Y
u,
R
.
T
.
N
a
a
ya
gi
,
a
nd
M
.
A
r
m
s
t
r
ong,
“
D
e
s
i
gn
a
nd
c
ont
r
ol
o
f
uni
di
r
e
c
t
i
ona
l
D
C
–
D
C
m
odul
a
r
m
ul
t
i
l
e
ve
l
c
onve
r
t
e
r
f
or
o
f
f
s
hor
e
D
C
c
ol
l
e
c
t
i
on
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na
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e
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s
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e
ve
l
i
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t
e
r
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I
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t
h
r
e
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t
a
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e
s
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y
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I
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r
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ne
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d
c
a
s
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de
d
H
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dge
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ul
t
i
l
e
ve
l
i
nve
r
t
e
r
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e
di
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W
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h
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a
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a
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i
t
or
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ul
t
i
l
e
ve
l
i
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d
t
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e
ve
l
s
e
r
i
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t
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d
m
ul
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i
l
e
ve
l
i
nve
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
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ol
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t
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t
hr
e
e
-
w
i
r
e
di
s
t
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m
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d
w
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[
22]
C.
-
M
.
H
ong
a
nd
C
.
-
H
.
C
h
e
n,
“
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
c
ont
r
ol
of
a
gr
i
d
-
c
onne
c
t
e
d
w
i
nd
-
phot
ovol
t
a
i
c
hybr
i
d
pow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
ona
l
J
our
nal
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
P
ow
e
r
and
E
ne
r
g
y
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, vol
. 55, no. 3, pp. 554
–
561, F
e
b. 2014, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.i
j
e
pe
s
.2013.10.024.
[
23]
M
.
F
.
E
L
m
or
s
he
dy,
S
.
M
.
A
l
l
a
m
,
A
.
I
.
A
.
S
hoba
i
r
,
a
nd
E
.
M
.
R
a
s
ha
d,
“
V
ol
t
a
ge
a
nd
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ont
r
ol
of
a
s
t
a
nd
-
a
l
one
w
i
nd
-
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
s
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
ba
s
e
d
on
P
M
S
G
,”
i
n
2015
4t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
P
ow
e
r
and
E
ne
r
gy
C
on
v
e
r
s
i
on
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, I
E
E
E
, 2015, pp. 1
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6. doi
:
10.1109/
E
P
E
C
S
.2015.7368494.
[
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K
.
R
.
S
e
kha
r
,
R
.
B
a
r
ot
,
P
.
P
a
t
e
l
,
a
nd
N
.
V
.
K
um
a
r
,
“
A
nove
l
t
opol
ogy
f
or
i
m
pr
ove
d
D
C
bus
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
i
n
P
M
S
G
ba
s
e
d
w
i
nd
e
ne
r
gy
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
,”
i
n
2015
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
n
c
e
on
R
e
ne
w
abl
e
E
ne
r
gy
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
and
A
ppl
i
c
at
i
ons
,
I
E
E
E
,
2015,
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–
530. doi
:
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I
C
R
E
R
A
.2015.7418469.
[
25]
Y
.
A
t
i
f
i
,
M
.
K
i
s
s
a
oui
,
A
.
R
a
i
ha
ni
,
K
.
E
r
r
a
kka
s
,
a
nd
A
.
K
ha
ya
t
,
“
N
onl
i
ne
a
r
c
ont
r
ol
of
a
w
i
nd
t
ur
bi
ne
s
ys
t
e
m
c
onne
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
gr
i
d,”
I
F
A
C
-
P
ape
r
s
O
nL
i
ne
, vol
. 58, no. 13, pp. 563
–
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j
.i
f
a
c
ol
.2024.07.542.
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
E
S
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
Rosaiah
Mudigond
la
received
his
B.Tech
.
degree
in
Electrical
a
nd
Electronics
Engineering
from
Arjun
College
of
Technology
and
Science,
Tel
angana,
India,
in
2010.
M.Tech
.
degree
in
Power
Electronics
and
El
ectric
Drives
from
Ayaan
College
of
Engineering
and
Technology
,
JNTUH,
Hyderabad
in
2014.
He
is
currently
w
orking
as
an
Assistant
Profes
sor
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineering
College,
Telangana
,
Hyderabad
,
India.
His
research
areas
are
power
electronics
and
drives
,
and
power
systems
.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
rosaiah02
28@
gmail.co
m
.
Thiruveedula
Madhu
Babu
ha
s
received
B.Tech
.
from
JNTU
Hyderabad,
India,
in
2010
and
M.Tech
.
from
NIT
Calicut
in
2013
,
respectively,
a
nd
pursuing
a
Ph.D.
at
Annamalai
University,
India.
He
is
presently
working
as
an
Assistan
t
Professor
and
HOD
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineering
College,
Hyderabad,
India
.
He
has
presented
technical
papers
in
various
national
and
intern
ational
journals
and
conferences.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
madhumk
448@
gmail.co
m
.
Supriya
Dachepa
lli
is
presently
a
UG
student
in
Electrical
a
nd
Electronics
Engineering
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineering
College,
Hyder
abad,
Telangana,
India.
She
has
presented
technical
papers
at
various
internationa
l
confere
nc
es
.
Her
areas
of
interest
include
s
emicondu
ctors
,
power
electronics,
power
quality,
and
m
ultilevel
inverters.
She
developed
a
single
-
phase
inverter
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineer
ing
College,
Hyderabad.
She ca
n be c
ontact
ed
at email
: supri
yadachepall
i18@
gmail.co
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
3
,
S
e
pt
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
751
-
760
760
Anudeep
Punjala
is
presently
a
UG
student
in
Electrical
a
nd
Electronics
Engineering
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineering
College,
Hy
derabad,
India.
He
has
presented
technical
papers
at
various
national
and
international
co
nferences.
His
areas
of
interest
include
renewa
ble
energy,
power
electroni
cs,
power
quality,
and
multilevel
inverters
.
He can be contact
ed
at email
: punj
alaanudeep@
gmail.co
m
.
Md
Yousuf
Ali
is
presently
a
UG
student
in
Electrical
a
nd
Electronics
Engineering
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineering
College,
Hy
derabad,
India.
He
has
presented
technical
papers
at
various
national
and
international
co
nferences.
His
areas
of
interest
include
controlling
techniques,
power
electroni
cs,
power
quality,
and
multilevel
inverters
. He ca
n be conta
ct
ed
at email
:
mohd9515yousuf
@
gmail.com
.
Bakam
Anirudh
is
presently
a
UG
student
in
Electrical
a
nd
Electronics
Engineering
at
Teegala
Krishna
Reddy
Engineering
College,
Hy
derabad,
India.
He
has
presented
technical
papers
at
various
national
and
international
co
nferences.
His
areas
of
interest inc
lude elec
trical mac
hines, powe
r electr
onics,
power qu
ality,
and multileve
l inverter
s.
He can be contact
ed
at email
:
bakamanirudh321@
gmail.com
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.