I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
,
p
p
.
6
9
3
~
7
0
1
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v
14
.
i
3
.
pp
693
-
7
0
1
693
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Perf
o
rma
nce
eva
lua
tion o
f
mul
ticarrier quad
ra
ture
pha
se shift
key
ing
-
ba
sed sy
st
em under
nois
y
c
ha
nnel condi
tions
Dee
pa
Na
ra
y
a
na
Reddy
,
Ais
hwa
ry
a
Na
g
a
r
a
j
u,
Dee
pti
H
o
s
a
k
er
e
P
r
a
bh
a
k
a
ra
,
Dee
k
s
hitha
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ee
ra
g
a
na
ha
lli Srini
v
a
s
,
G
a
nd
la
pa
rt
hi Na
v
y
a
t
ha
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
B
M
S
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
B
e
n
g
a
l
u
r
u
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
1
6
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
y
1
4
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
8
,
2
0
2
5
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
p
h
a
se
sh
ift
k
e
y
i
n
g
(QPS
K)
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
i
n
b
o
t
h
si
n
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
sin
g
le
o
u
t
p
u
t
(S
I
S
O)
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ip
le
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
lt
ip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
(M
I
M
O)
sy
ste
m
s
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
u
sin
g
M
ATL
AB.
Th
e
in
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
QPS
K
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
wi
th
m
e
tri
c
s
su
c
h
a
s
sig
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
ise
ra
ti
o
(S
NR)
a
n
d
b
it
e
rro
r
ra
te
(BER)
a
c
ro
ss
d
iv
e
r
se
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s.
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
stu
d
y
e
x
ten
d
s
to
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
ss
th
e
i
n
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
QPS
K
with
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
u
lt
i
p
lex
i
n
g
(OFDM
),
with
a
p
a
rti
c
u
lar
e
m
p
h
a
sis
o
n
a
ss
e
ss
in
g
sp
e
c
tral
e
fficie
n
c
y
a
n
d
e
rro
r
ra
te
imp
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
T
o
v
a
li
d
a
te
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
o
f
th
e
sim
u
latio
n
s,
QPS
K
a
n
d
QPS
K
-
OFDM
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
a
re
imp
lem
e
n
ted
o
n
t
h
e
Wi
Co
m
m
-
T
h
a
rd
wa
re
p
latfo
rm
,
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
a
d
irec
t
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
re
a
l
-
wo
rld
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
m
e
tri
c
s
a
g
a
in
st
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s.
By
o
ffe
rin
g
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
i
n
sig
h
ts
a
n
d
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
t
h
e
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
ro
b
u
st
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
u
n
d
e
rsc
o
re
s
t
h
e
in
h
e
re
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
O
F
DM
wit
h
QPS
K ac
ro
ss
b
o
t
h
S
IS
O an
d
M
I
M
O co
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
it e
r
ro
r
r
ate
Mu
ltip
le
in
p
u
t m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
Or
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
iv
is
i
o
n
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
Qu
ad
r
atu
r
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t k
ey
i
n
g
Sig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ais
h
war
y
a
Nag
ar
u
ju
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
B
MS
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
Ma
n
ag
e
m
en
t
B
en
g
alu
r
u
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
aish
war
y
a.
n
2
3
2
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
m
o
d
er
n
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
p
lay
a
p
iv
o
ta
l
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Qu
ad
r
atu
r
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
k
ey
in
g
(
QPSK)
is
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
its
ab
ilit
y
to
en
co
d
e
d
ata
b
y
s
h
if
tin
g
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
a
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
to
o
n
e
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
is
tin
ct
s
tates,
allo
win
g
two
b
its
p
er
s
y
m
b
o
l
to
b
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
.
E
x
ten
d
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
s
co
p
e
also
in
clu
d
es
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
lex
i
n
g
(
OFDM)
co
m
b
in
ed
with
QPSK
with
in
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
OFDM,
a
m
eth
o
d
th
at
d
iv
id
es
a
h
ig
h
-
d
ata
-
r
a
te
s
ig
n
al
in
to
m
u
ltip
le
l
o
wer
-
d
ata
-
r
ate
s
ig
n
als
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
o
v
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
is
m
o
s
tly
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ese
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
ten
f
ail
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
f
u
ll
co
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
cr
ea
tes
a
p
o
ten
tial
m
is
m
atch
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
QPSK
an
d
QPSK
-
OFDM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
W
iC
o
m
m
-
T
h
a
r
d
war
e
p
latf
o
r
m
.
E
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
o
n
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
ese
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
is
a
cr
itical
asp
ec
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
B
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
an
aly
zi
n
g
B
E
R
v
er
s
u
s
SN
R
,
d
etailed
in
s
ig
h
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
to
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
QPSK
an
d
OFDM
-
b
ased
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
i
n
m
o
d
er
n
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
t
o
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
e
a
d
v
an
tag
es
a
n
d
tr
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ea
c
h
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
ex
am
in
i
n
g
h
o
w
ea
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
SNR
lev
els,
an
d
h
o
w
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
693
-
7
0
1
694
o
p
tim
ized
to
en
h
a
n
ce
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
in
-
d
ep
t
h
an
aly
s
is
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
,
wh
ich
ar
e
c
r
itical
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
QPSK
with
OFDM
in
a
MI
MO
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t,
as
it p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
k
e
y
in
g
with
OFDM.
T
h
is
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
s
th
e
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
escalatin
g
d
em
an
d
s
f
o
r
d
ata
in
an
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
n
n
ec
te
d
wo
r
ld
,
th
er
e
b
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
co
n
tin
u
ed
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
A
n
o
v
el
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
b
ased
o
n
tim
e
-
m
o
d
e
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
en
h
an
ce
s
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
[
1
]
.
C
h
o
wd
h
u
r
y
et
a
l
.
[
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
im
p
r
o
v
ed
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
en
h
an
c
em
en
ts
in
n
o
is
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
co
d
ed
OFD
M
u
s
in
g
4
QPSK
an
d
1
6
q
u
a
d
r
atu
r
e
am
p
litu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
QAM
)
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e
was
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
eo
r
etic
al
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
s
in
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Var
io
u
s
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
in
d
ig
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
em
p
h
a
s
izin
g
th
eir
r
o
le
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
,
with
em
p
h
asis
on
th
e
i
n
ter
p
lay
b
et
wee
n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
co
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
MA
T
L
AB
a
n
d
Si
m
u
lin
k
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
s
y
m
b
o
l
er
r
o
r
r
ates
(
SER)
in
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
i
s
wo
r
k
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
t
h
eo
r
e
tical
er
r
o
r
r
ates
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
es
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
a
nd
an
al
y
ze
d
.
A
n
o
v
el
3
2
-
p
o
i
n
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e
aim
ed
at
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
al
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
s
ig
n
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
8
]
.
As
an
alter
n
ativ
e
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e,
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
T
h
e
QPSK
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
els
is
s
tu
d
ied
in
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
e
q
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
in
h
ig
h
l
y
d
is
p
er
s
iv
e
f
ad
i
n
g
c
h
an
n
els.
A
m
ath
em
atica
l
an
aly
s
is
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ig
n
al
c
o
n
s
tellatio
n
s
is
als
o
d
er
iv
ed
.
T
h
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
wi
th
a
d
ee
p
er
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
M
I
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
r
e
v
iews
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
s
o
f
M
I
MO
-
OFDM
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
in
g
an
aly
tical
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
M
I
MO
-
OFDM
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
d
em
an
d
e
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
h
ar
d
war
e
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
s
ts
an
d
lim
itin
g
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
An
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
in
im
u
m
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
MBER
)
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
QPSK
r
ec
eiv
er
s
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
d
ir
ec
t
B
E
R
m
in
im
izatio
n
.
T
h
eir
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
p
r
o
n
e
wir
eless
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
er
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
h
av
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
m
m
W
av
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
ea
m
alig
n
m
en
t to
en
h
an
ce
s
ig
n
al
r
e
liab
ilit
y
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
B
ar
b
e
t a
l.
[
1
8
]
em
p
lo
y
ed
s
im
u
la
tio
n
s
to
ass
ess
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
in
QPSK
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
at
ad
ap
tiv
e
MBER
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
en
h
an
ce
s
QPSK
r
ec
eiv
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
B
E
R
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
v
iew
o
f
5
G
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
with
t
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es o
f
h
y
b
r
id
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
in
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
in
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
i
s
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
a
n
MI
MO
-
OFD
M
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
u
s
in
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
u
n
d
er
f
a
d
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
in
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
A
p
o
s
s
ib
le
test
b
ed
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
MI
MO
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
d
o
n
e
i
n
[
2
4
]
u
s
in
g
u
n
iv
er
s
al
s
o
f
twar
e
r
ad
io
p
er
ip
h
er
al
(
USR
P)
b
o
a
r
d
s
.
A
b
ea
m
in
d
e
x
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
B
I
M)
d
esig
n
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
5
]
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
in
wir
eless
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
PS
K
an
d
QAM
in
n
o
n
-
id
ea
l
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
[
2
6
]
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
e
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
in
B
E
R
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
p
ap
er
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
QP
S
K
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
,
an
d
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
5
G
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
w
o
r
k
i
n
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
an
d
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
,
an
d
th
er
e
is
a
n
o
tab
le
g
ap
i
n
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
-
b
ased
v
er
if
icatio
n
r
aises
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
lica
b
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
,
as
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
f
u
lly
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
ile
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
d
id
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
th
is
wo
r
k
aim
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
y
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies
in
[
2
0
]
f
o
r
QPSK
an
d
QPSK
-
OFD
M
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
th
e
W
iC
o
m
m
-
T
h
ar
d
war
e
p
latf
o
r
m
,
en
ab
lin
g
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
ag
ai
n
s
t
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
A
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
n
th
e
m
ajo
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
g
iv
en
as f
o
llo
w:
i)
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
QPSK
an
d
QPSK
-
OF
DM
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
in
a
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
u
s
in
g
s
im
ilar
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
[
2
2
]
.
ii)
Dep
lo
y
in
g
t
h
e
s
am
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
s
o
n
th
e
W
iC
o
m
m
-
T
p
latf
o
r
m
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ata
.
iii)
Me
asu
r
in
g
k
ey
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
B
E
R
,
SNR
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
h
a
r
d
war
e
-
b
ase
d
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f m
u
ltica
r
r
ie
r
q
u
a
d
r
a
tu
r
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
ift ke
yin
g
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Dee
p
a
N
a
r
a
ya
n
a
R
ed
d
y
)
695
iv
)
Per
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
d
etailed
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
r
esu
lts
to
v
alid
at
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
n
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
co
m
b
in
ed
with
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
in
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
s
in
g
le
o
u
tp
u
t
(
SISO)
a
n
d
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
t
o
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
MA
T
L
AB
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
s
im
u
late
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
OFDM
an
d
QPSK
s
ch
em
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
d
ata,
an
d
g
en
er
ate
g
r
ap
h
s
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
SNR
an
d
B
E
R
.
I
ts
b
u
ilt
-
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
to
o
l
b
o
x
es
m
ak
e
it
an
id
e
al
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
task
s
s
u
ch
as
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
,
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
ese
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
h
elp
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
n
o
is
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
SISO
an
d
MI
MO
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
2
.
1
.
I
nte
g
ra
t
io
n o
f
o
rt
ho
g
o
na
l f
re
qu
ency
div
is
io
n m
ultipl
ex
ing
a
nd
q
ua
dra
t
ure
ph
a
s
e
s
hift
k
ey
ing
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
OFDM
with
QPS
K
lev
er
ag
es
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
b
o
th
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
lead
in
g
to
en
h
an
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
OFDM
an
d
Q
PS
K
en
h
an
ce
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
u
ltip
ath
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
u
r
b
a
n
ar
ea
s
f
ille
d
with
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
o
b
s
tacle
s
t
h
at
ca
u
s
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ef
lectio
n
s
,
OFDM
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
an
ag
es th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
b
y
d
iv
i
d
in
g
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
d
at
a
-
r
ate
s
ig
n
al
in
to
m
u
ltip
le
lo
w
er
-
d
ata
-
r
ate
s
ig
n
als,
ea
ch
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
o
v
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
.
T
h
is
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
ity
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
in
ter
-
ca
r
r
ier
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izes
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
OFDM
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
QPSK e
n
s
u
r
es th
at
th
e
d
ata
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
ef
f
icie
n
tly
an
d
ac
cu
r
ately
by
en
c
o
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
p
h
ase
s
h
if
ts
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ev
en
in
n
o
is
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
wo
W
iC
o
m
m
m
o
d
u
les
f
ac
il
itated
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
e
n
d
ev
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
co
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
in
th
e
in
itial
s
etu
p
,
th
ese
m
o
d
u
les
wer
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
d
a
n
d
in
itialized
in
MA
T
L
AB
to
estab
lis
h
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
el.
E
ac
h
d
e
v
ice
h
ad
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Af
ter
in
itializatio
n
,
o
n
e
d
ev
ice
tr
an
s
m
itted
a
s
ig
n
al,
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
er
ca
p
tu
r
ed
p
ac
k
et
s
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
d
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ca
p
t
u
r
e
o
f
5
0
,
0
0
0
p
ac
k
ets with
o
u
t a
n
y
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
p
ac
k
et
l
o
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
OFDM
t
r
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
2
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
SISO
an
d
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
etr
ics:
SNR
:
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
d
i
g
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
SNR
is
o
f
ten
r
elate
d
to
th
e
en
er
g
y
-
p
er
-
b
it
t
o
n
o
is
e
p
o
wer
s
p
ec
tr
a
l
d
en
s
ity
r
atio
.
E
b
is
th
e
en
er
g
y
p
er
b
it
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
J
o
u
les
p
er
b
it
,
an
d
N
0
is
t
h
e
n
o
is
e
p
o
wer
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
e
n
s
ity
in
W
/Hz.
A
h
ig
h
er
SNR
in
d
icate
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
s
ig
n
al,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
b
etter
r
ec
ep
tio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
693
-
7
0
1
696
=
10
0
10
(
1
)
C
h
an
n
el
c
ap
ac
ity
:
th
is
p
ar
a
m
eter
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ate
at
wh
ich
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
r
eliab
ly
o
v
er
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
el.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ch
an
n
el’
s
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
n
o
is
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
aid
s
o
p
tim
izin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
(
2
)
.
=
×
2
(
1
+
)
(
2
)
QPSK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
:
t
o
cr
ea
te
a
QPSK
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
d
en
o
ted
as
(
)
th
at
is
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
an
d
s
u
itab
l
e
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
we
em
p
lo
y
am
p
litu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
n
th
e
in
-
p
h
ase
a
n
d
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
d
at
a
s
tr
ea
m
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
s
in
e
an
d
s
in
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
a
ca
r
r
ier
wav
e.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
d
ata
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
two
p
ar
allel
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
in
-
p
h
ase
s
tr
ea
m
(
)
is
m
o
d
u
lated
with
t
h
e
c
o
s
in
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
an
d
th
e
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
s
tr
ea
m
(
)
is
m
o
d
u
lated
with
th
e
s
in
e
w
av
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
s
in
e
an
d
th
e
co
s
in
e
ter
m
s
ar
e
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
al
an
d
h
en
ce
d
o
n
o
t
in
ter
f
er
e
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
in
(
3
)
.
(
)
=
1
2
(
)
.
c
os
(
2
+
4
)
+
1
2
(
)
.
s
in
(
2
+
4
)
(
3)
3.
F
L
O
W
O
F
P
RO
CE
SS
T
h
e
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
W
iC
o
m
m
-
T
d
ev
ice
,
wh
ic
h
in
clu
d
es
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
r
iv
er
s
an
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
es
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
o
f
QPSK
-
m
o
d
u
lated
s
ig
n
als
,
is
d
etailed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
m
etr
ics
aim
ed
to
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
a
r
e
SNR
an
d
B
E
R
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tellatio
n
d
iag
r
am
an
d
er
r
o
r
g
r
ap
h
s
ar
e
v
is
u
alize
d
to
ass
ess
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
o
r
k
f
lo
w
f
o
r
QPSK
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
u
s
in
g
W
iC
o
m
m
-
T
in
MA
T
L
AB
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f m
u
ltica
r
r
ie
r
q
u
a
d
r
a
tu
r
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
ift ke
yin
g
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Dee
p
a
N
a
r
a
ya
n
a
R
ed
d
y
)
697
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
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T
h
e
W
iC
o
m
m
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T
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e
v
i
c
e
s
e
t
u
p
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
p
a
c
k
e
t
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
g
i
v
e
n
t
o
W
i
C
o
m
m
-
T
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
A
f
t
e
r
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
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n
g
an
d
r
e
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e
i
v
i
n
g
a
r
o
u
n
d
5
0
,
0
0
0
p
a
c
k
e
t
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
es
s
en
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
e
n
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u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
r
a
n
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m
i
s
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i
o
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t
h
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'
s
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o
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o
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p
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i
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d
.
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t
h
i
s
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a
r
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cu
l
a
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ates
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s
ity
.
SISO
-
OFD
M
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
er
B
E
R
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
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o
n
d
itio
n
s
d
u
e
to
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lack
o
f
d
i
v
er
s
ity
.
Simu
lated
s
etu
p
s
in
[
2
2
]
a
n
d
[
2
3
]
s
h
o
w
h
ig
h
er
B
E
R
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
s
im
u
lated
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
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e
th
e
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
it
y
o
f
MI
MO
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n
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
esp
ec
ially
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
SISO
an
d
MI
M
O
s
y
s
tem
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
P
erfo
r
ma
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ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f m
u
ltica
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r
ie
r
q
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a
d
r
a
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r
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e
s
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ift ke
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g
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a
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ed
…
(
Dee
p
a
N
a
r
a
ya
n
a
R
ed
d
y
)
699
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
Per
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
SISO
m
u
ltip
ath
an
d
MI
MO
m
u
ltip
at
h
s
y
s
tem
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Per
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
am
o
n
g
SISO
L
OS,
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MO
m
u
ltip
ath
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MI
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u
l
tip
ath
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tr
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m
1
,
an
d
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m
u
ltip
ath
s
tr
ea
m
2
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ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
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E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
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e
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aly
s
is
o
f
ex
p
e
r
im
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tal
an
d
s
im
u
lated
QPSK
-
OFDM
s
y
s
t
em
s
at
lo
w
SNR
(
0
d
B
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S
e
t
u
p
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ER
S
o
u
r
c
e
2
×
2
M
I
M
O
-
O
F
D
M
,
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
me
i
n
d
o
o
r
(
Q
P
S
K
)
0
.
0
0
0
2
P
r
e
sen
t
s
t
u
d
y
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S
O
-
O
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eal
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i
n
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r
(
Q
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0
5
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r
e
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t
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u
d
y
O
F
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t
h
Q
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G
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l
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[
2
2
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M
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M
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o
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G
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mu
l
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~
0
.
1
2
[
2
3
]
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
SISO
an
d
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
b
u
ild
s
o
n
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
wo
r
k
,
wh
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
ed
s
o
le
ly
o
n
SISO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
O
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
i
n
d
icate
th
at
th
e
MI
MO
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
SISO
s
y
s
tem
in
ter
m
s
o
f
B
E
R
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
B
E
R
,
a
n
o
tab
le
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
SISO
to
MI
MO
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
At
a
lo
wer
v
alu
e
o
f
E
b
/N
0
,
th
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
SISO
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
er
th
an
f
o
r
MI
MO
,
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
d
if
f
er
en
ce
.
O
v
er
all,
th
e
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
MI
MO
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
led
to
a
m
ar
k
e
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
B
E
R
an
d
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
SISO
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
s
th
e
a
d
v
an
tag
es
o
f
M
I
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
in
th
is
f
ield
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
m
ay
lo
o
k
in
to
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
an
i
n
d
o
o
r
wir
eless
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t u
s
in
g
USR
P b
o
ar
d
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
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M
E
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T
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h
is
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u
r
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al
u
s
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th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
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o
les
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ax
o
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m
y
(
C
R
ed
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ize
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al
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th
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tr
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s
,
r
ed
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th
o
r
s
h
ip
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p
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tes,
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d
f
ac
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llab
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atio
n
.
Na
m
e
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f
Aut
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Fu
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p
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Ais
h
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Dee
p
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ar
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Dee
k
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h
it
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a
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Gan
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ar
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:
C
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Fu
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
693
-
7
0
1
700
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
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T
E
R
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ST
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E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
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T
Y
D
a
t
a
a
v
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t
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y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
S
.
S
a
h
a
,
B
.
K
a
r
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
-
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o
l
a
y
,
“
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n
o
v
e
l
a
r
c
h
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t
e
c
t
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r
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f
o
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Q
P
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K
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
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i
me
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m
o
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si
g
n
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l
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c
e
ssi
n
g
,
”
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n
1
8
t
h
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r
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t
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l
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y
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p
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.
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4
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p
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V
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T.
2
0
1
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6
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6
.
[
2
]
M
.
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.
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.
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h
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d
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.
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[
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.
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[
4
]
Z.
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,
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l
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s:
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[
5
]
X
.
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n
g
,
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.
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,
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.
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