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imp
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K
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s
:
E
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m
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m
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s
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Fu
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ll
Ph
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to
v
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R
en
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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h
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b
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elec
tr
icity
d
em
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d
is
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r
ap
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ly
,
d
r
iv
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th
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a
d
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p
tio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
a
q
u
ality
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
ly
[
1
]
.
Stan
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
with
m
u
l
tip
le
in
teg
r
ated
r
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ewa
b
le
s
o
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s
,
lik
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s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
,
o
f
f
e
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f
ea
s
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s
o
lu
tio
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.
C
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m
b
in
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s
o
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s
en
s
u
r
es r
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liab
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,
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d
r
ess
in
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v
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ilit
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s
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es in
h
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s
in
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le
-
s
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u
r
ce
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
Hen
ce
,
in
te
g
r
atin
g
two
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
en
ewa
b
l
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
ess
en
tial to
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
r
e
liab
ilit
y
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
an
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
ar
e
wid
ely
a
v
ailab
le
r
en
ewa
b
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s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
with
p
er
m
an
e
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t
m
ag
n
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s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
(
PM
SG)
id
ea
l
f
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m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ca
le
win
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
d
ir
e
ct
co
u
p
lin
g
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
E
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
tab
ilit
y
am
id
s
t
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
s
o
la
r
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
a
n
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
.
W
h
ile
b
atter
ies
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
,
th
ey
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
r
eq
u
en
t
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
an
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h
ig
h
m
ain
ten
an
ce
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
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lo
n
g
-
ter
m
co
s
ts
.
I
n
teg
r
atin
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elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
an
d
f
u
el
ce
lls
alo
n
g
s
id
e
s
m
all
b
atter
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ca
n
en
h
an
ce
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
[
4
]
.
B
atter
ies
ad
d
r
ess
tr
an
s
ien
t
ch
an
g
es,
wh
ile
p
r
o
p
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o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
en
s
u
r
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er
g
y
b
alan
ce
an
d
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
in
m
icr
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g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
,
o
p
tim
izin
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Pro
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
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n
teg
r
al
(
PI)
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
s
,
f
ix
ed
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
i
c
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ar
e
u
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
with
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
,
f
u
el
ce
l
ls
,
b
atter
ies,
an
d
v
a
r
y
in
g
lo
a
d
s
.
T
ak
ag
i
-
Su
g
en
o
-
Kan
g
fu
zz
y
(
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
b
y
d
y
n
a
m
ically
ad
ju
s
tin
g
g
ain
s
d
u
r
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n
g
s
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d
d
en
ch
an
g
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
e
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
W
h
ile
PV,
win
d
,
b
atter
ies,
an
d
elec
tr
o
l
y
ze
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
wer
,
r
e
ac
tiv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
ma
r
t e
n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t in
r
en
ewa
b
le
micro
g
r
id
s
:
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
I
o
T w
ith
TS
K
-
fu
z
z
y
…
(
Mo
a
z
z
a
m
Ha
id
a
r
i
)
1621
p
o
wer
d
e
m
an
d
s
ar
e
m
et
b
y
th
e
in
v
er
ter
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
'
s
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tiv
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alan
ce
d
b
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r
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u
latin
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eq
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p
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f
co
m
m
o
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p
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(
PC
C
)
.
Key
p
o
in
ts
o
f
p
ap
er
:
−
Op
tim
ized
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
a
ck
in
g
(
MPPT)
:
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
MPPT
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
PV
an
d
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
,
u
tili
zin
g
I
o
T
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
m
in
im
izes
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s
ts
wh
ile
m
ax
im
izin
g
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es b
o
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s
y
s
tem
s
o
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er
ate
at
m
ax
im
u
m
ef
f
icien
cy
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
y
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
−
Ad
v
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ce
d
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
:
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
T
SK
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f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
en
ab
les
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ea
l
-
tim
e,
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
ap
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r
esp
o
n
s
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to
ch
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g
es
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g
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n
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ad
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T
h
is
en
h
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ce
s
s
tab
ilit
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,
im
p
r
o
v
es p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
a
n
d
in
c
r
ea
s
es r
eliab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
all
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
−
I
n
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
:
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
eg
u
latio
n
a
n
d
r
ea
c
tiv
e
p
o
wer
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
cr
it
ical
f
o
r
m
ee
tin
g
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
s
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
with
in
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
ef
f
icien
tl
y
m
an
a
g
es
th
ese
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
ea
m
less
o
p
er
atio
n
.
−
Hy
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
:
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
a
s
m
all
b
atter
y
wi
th
f
u
el
ce
lls
an
d
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
r
ed
u
ce
s
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
wh
ile
m
ain
tai
n
in
g
a
r
eliab
le
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
ly
.
T
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
lev
er
a
g
es
th
e
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
b
atter
ies
with
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
to
r
a
g
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies o
f
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
des
cr
iptio
n
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
an
d
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
e
a
po
wer
o
p
tim
iz
er
f
o
r
s
o
lar
p
an
els
with
a
p
e
r
tu
r
b
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
(
P&
O)
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
1
0
]
,
u
tili
zin
g
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
a
DC
-
lin
k
.
A
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
m
a
n
ag
es
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
/d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
A
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
in
ter
f
ac
es
th
e
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
with
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
to
en
h
a
n
ce
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ile
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
th
e
f
u
el
ce
ll
(
FC
)
d
u
e
to
its
lo
wer
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e.
E
lectr
o
ly
ze
r
-
g
en
er
ate
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
an
d
o
x
y
g
en
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
f
o
r
FC
u
s
ag
e.
AC
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
t
to
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
ia
a
3
-
p
h
ase
5
-
lev
el
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
,
with
a
n
L
C
f
ilter
at
th
e
PC
C
to
r
ed
u
ce
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
’
s
b
lo
ck
d
i
ag
r
am
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Sev
er
al
r
elate
d
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
r
ec
en
tly
.
Pre
v
i
ew
s
tu
d
y
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
n
o
v
el
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
wer
e
im
p
le
m
en
ted
,
ex
cl
u
d
in
g
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
an
d
f
u
el
ce
lls
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
PV
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
with
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
an
d
f
u
el
ce
l
ls
wer
e
s
tu
d
ied
,
b
u
t
win
d
en
er
g
y
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
p
o
wer
at
th
e
g
r
id
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
t
wer
e
o
m
itted
.
B
h
an
u
tej
an
d
Naid
u
[
1
7
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
ev
en
-
lev
el
p
o
wer
i
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
PV,
win
d
,
an
d
b
atter
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
with
o
u
t
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
o
r
f
u
el
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
atter
ies
in
DC
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
was
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
[
1
8
]
,
b
u
t
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
wer
e
ex
clu
d
e
d
.
I
s
lan
d
in
g
m
ic
r
o
g
r
id
s
i
n
[
1
9
]
lack
ed
elec
tr
o
l
y
ze
r
s
,
f
u
el
ce
lls
,
an
d
E
MS.
G
r
id
-
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
PV
-
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
in
[
2
0
]
wer
e
n
o
n
-
s
tan
d
alo
n
e.
Pre
v
iew
s
tu
d
y
[
2
1
]
,
DC
m
icr
o
g
r
id
E
MS
ig
n
o
r
ed
f
u
el
ce
lls
an
d
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
,
wh
ile
[
2
2
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
b
u
t
m
is
s
ed
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
an
d
f
u
el
c
ells
.
No
n
e
u
tili
ze
d
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
r
m
u
lt
ilev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
PV,
win
d
,
f
u
el
ce
ll,
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
,
an
d
b
atter
y
-
b
ase
d
h
y
b
r
id
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1620
-
1
6
2
7
1622
2
.
2
.
Dif
f
er
ent
co
ntr
o
llers
2
.
2
.
1
.
T
SK
f
uzzy
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ap
t
g
ain
v
al
u
es
m
ak
es
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
less
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
s
u
d
d
en
ch
an
g
es.
Du
r
in
g
r
an
d
o
m
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
T
SK
-
fu
z
zy
s
y
s
tem
s
ad
ju
s
t
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
to
d
eliv
er
ac
cu
r
ate
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
an
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN)
tr
ain
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
in
teg
r
ate
d
with
t
h
e
r
u
le
-
b
ased
T
SK
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
we
ig
h
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
T
SK r
u
les.
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
)
-
(
3
)
.
1
=
1
1
+
1
2
+
1
(
1
)
2
=
2
1
+
2
2
+
2
(
2
)
=
1
1
+
2
2
(
3
)
T
h
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
1
,
2
;
1
,
2
;
1
,
2
ar
e
tu
n
ed
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
with
weig
h
ts
u
p
d
at
ed
b
y
a
tr
ain
e
d
ANN
f
o
r
f
a
s
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
is
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
n
v
er
ter
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
as
in
p
u
t to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
elev
an
t
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
ANN
in
ter
f
ac
e
d
T
S
K
-
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
-
weig
h
t
2
.
2
.
2
.
DC
s
ide c
o
ntr
o
llers
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
o
wer
an
d
s
p
ee
d
in
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es,
an
d
p
o
wer
v
er
s
u
s
v
o
lt
ag
e
in
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
,
is
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
MPPT
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
with
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
m
ax
im
ize
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
A
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
a
P&
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
tem
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
is
estab
lis
h
ed
v
ia
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
an
d
i
n
s
tead
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
s
im
p
le
lay
o
u
t o
f
th
e
P&
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
PV
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fo
r
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
es,
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
is
ex
tr
ac
te
d
at
a
s
p
ec
if
i
c
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ic
h
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
t
r
o
lled
.
Sin
ce
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
d
i
r
ec
tly
co
u
p
led
to
th
e
PMSG
,
th
e
tu
r
b
i
n
e
s
p
ee
d
is
r
eg
u
lated
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
PMSG
s
p
ee
d
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
,
a
co
n
t
r
o
llab
le
r
e
ctif
ier
co
n
v
e
r
ts
th
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
MSG
to
DC
an
d
r
eg
u
lates
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e’
s
o
p
tim
al
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
P&
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
g
en
e
r
ates
p
u
ls
es
(
6
p
u
ls
es,
)
b
ased
o
n
th
e
DC
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
MSG,
wh
ich
is
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
P&
O
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
atin
g
p
u
ls
es
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
tifie
r
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sin
ce
th
e
MPPT
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
t
p
u
ts
d
if
f
e
r
,
a
d
io
d
e
is
u
s
ed
to
tr
a
n
s
f
er
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
p
u
t to
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tab
ilized
at
th
e
d
e
s
ir
ed
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
o
in
t.
Po
wer
m
is
m
atch
b
etwe
en
g
en
er
atio
n
(
PV
an
d
win
d
)
an
d
l
o
ad
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e,
with
h
ig
h
er
g
en
er
atio
n
lead
in
g
to
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
p
o
wer
im
b
alan
ce
s
,
a
b
atter
y
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
lled
ch
a
r
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
i
s
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
T
S
K
-
fu
z
z
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
t
h
a
t
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
s
t
h
e
D
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l
i
n
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t
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g
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i
n
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i
t
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t
a
r
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t
v
a
l
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e
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A
h
y
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t
e
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es
is
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o
n
t
r
o
l
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e
r
g
e
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e
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t
e
s
p
u
l
s
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
D
C
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D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
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n
g
t
h
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r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
a
ct
u
a
l
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
.
I
n
a
s
tead
y
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tate,
th
e
b
atter
y
s
h
o
u
ld
n
eith
e
r
ch
a
r
g
e
n
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
e.
T
h
is
is
m
an
ag
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
u
el
ce
ll
(
FC
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o
r
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
,
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ased
o
n
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o
wer
m
is
m
atch
.
T
h
e
T
SK
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f
u
zz
y
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n
tr
o
ller
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en
er
ates
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u
ls
es
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o
r
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
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f
o
r
FC
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d
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
)
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
b
atter
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t to
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
r
esp
o
n
d
to
b
o
t
h
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
b
atter
y
c
u
r
r
en
ts
in
s
tan
tly
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
D
C
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
ma
r
t e
n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t in
r
en
ewa
b
le
micro
g
r
id
s
:
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
I
o
T w
ith
TS
K
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fu
z
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(
Mo
a
z
z
a
m
Ha
id
a
r
i
)
1623
2
.
2
.
3
.
AC
s
ide c
o
ntr
o
llers
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
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o
d
u
latio
n
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SVPW
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ed
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tal
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ar
m
o
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ic
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to
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tio
n
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ar
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n
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tio
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ter
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5
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l
ev
el
in
v
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ter
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d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
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ter
m
ed
iate
p
o
wer
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le
v
el
ap
p
licatio
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r
eq
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ir
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g
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ig
h
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ality
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d
SVPW
M
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h
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ce
s
its
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er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
a
5
-
lev
el
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
p
er
atin
g
with
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
AC
p
o
wer
at
th
e
PC
C
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
AC
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
On
ce
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
tab
ilized
,
th
e
PC
C
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
is
cr
u
cial
,
as
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
s
af
f
ec
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
at
th
e
PC
C
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
e
n
t
is
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
ac
tu
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
with
its
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
R
MS
v
o
l
tag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
is
r
eg
u
lated
to
m
an
ag
e
an
d
co
m
p
en
s
ate
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
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ar
e
e
v
alu
ated
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
DQ
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
at
th
e
PC
C
,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
er
r
o
r
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
T
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-
f
u
zz
y
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n
tr
o
ller
s
to
g
e
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er
ate
co
n
t
r
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l
v
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ltag
es.
A
co
m
p
r
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en
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iv
e
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r
am
o
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th
e
5
-
lev
el
in
v
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ter
co
n
t
r
o
ller
is
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r
o
v
id
e
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
with
p
u
l
s
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
MPPT
co
n
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o
ller
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th
e
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ith
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Fig
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5
.
C
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o
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o
f
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lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
5
-
lev
el
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-
ty
p
e
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r
i
d
g
e
in
v
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ter
f
o
r
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ase
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
v
er
te
r
co
n
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o
l sch
e
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
5
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
o
r
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1620
-
1
6
2
7
1624
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
1
:
F
re
qu
ency
re
s
po
ns
e
un
der
lo
a
d c
ha
ng
es a
t
t
he
P
CC
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ev
alu
ated
u
n
d
er
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
2
0
0
%
at
th
e
PC
C
,
with
a
co
n
s
tan
t
t
o
tal
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
9
k
W
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
in
itial
lo
ad
at
th
e
PC
C
is
s
et
at
4
k
W
,
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
,
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
s
:
−
Step
1
: A
n
8
k
W
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
l
o
ad
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
s
u
d
d
e
n
ly
at
1
.
0
to
3
.
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
−
Step
2
: T
h
e
8
k
W
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
lo
ad
is
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
b
r
u
p
tly
at
3
.
1
6
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
ese
lo
a
d
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
,
I
o
T
s
en
s
o
r
s
d
etec
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ch
an
g
es
in
lo
a
d
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
th
ese
to
th
e
c
en
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
r
o
p
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
th
e
lo
a
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
,
r
ef
lectin
g
a
m
o
m
en
tar
y
im
b
ala
n
ce
b
etwe
en
g
en
er
atio
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
co
n
t
r
o
ller
r
ap
i
d
ly
ad
j
u
s
ts
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
s
tab
il
izin
g
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
ac
k
to
it
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
5
0
Hz
with
in
a
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e
f
r
a
m
e.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
w
h
en
th
e
lo
a
d
is
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
,
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
s
h
ar
p
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
ese
lo
ad
ch
an
g
es
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
No
ta
b
ly
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
v
ar
iatio
n
r
em
ain
s
b
elo
w
1
%
d
u
r
in
g
all
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
,
in
d
icati
n
g
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
o
T
-
en
h
an
ce
d
in
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
s
tab
ilit
y
with
in
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
s
.
T
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
a
lar
g
er
p
o
we
r
g
r
id
m
ak
es
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
c
o
n
tr
o
l
cr
itical,
as
it
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
.
T
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
ch
em
e,
lev
er
ag
in
g
T
SK
-
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
an
d
I
o
T
d
ata
an
al
y
tics
,
en
ab
les
r
ap
id
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ad
j
u
s
tm
en
ts
wh
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
th
e
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
PC
C
s
tab
le.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
at
PC
C
d
u
r
in
g
a
c
h
an
g
e
in
lo
a
d
3
.
2
.
Ca
s
e
2
:
Sy
s
t
em
re
s
po
ns
e
t
o
v
a
ria
ble c
o
nd
it
io
ns
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
d
y
n
am
ic
ch
an
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
h
if
ts
in
s
o
lar
in
te
n
s
ity
,
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
lo
ad
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
th
e
PC
C
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
tim
e
in
ter
v
als.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
,
f
u
el
ce
ll,
an
d
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
is
an
aly
ze
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
ese
f
lu
ctu
a
tio
n
s
,
all
m
an
ag
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
I
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T
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co
n
n
ec
ted
d
e
v
ic
es
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at
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
l
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tim
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m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
tim
in
g
s
f
o
r
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
s
u
n
lig
h
t
i
n
ten
s
ity
an
d
win
d
v
elo
city
ar
e
s
et
at
1
.
0
to
1
.
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
an
d
at
3
.
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
m
o
d
eled
with
two
in
er
tial
m
a
s
s
es
p
r
ev
en
ts
an
ab
r
u
p
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
PMSG w
h
en
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
d
r
o
p
s
.
Key
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
ar
e
as f
o
ll
o
ws:
−
At
t
<
0
.
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
:
T
h
e
lo
a
d
in
itially
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
PC
C
is
1
.
5
k
W
,
wh
ile
th
e
PV
p
lan
t
an
d
win
d
g
en
er
atio
n
o
p
e
r
ate
at
m
ax
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
ity
,
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
b
y
I
o
T
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
:
T
h
e
to
tal
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
lo
ad
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
s
u
r
p
lu
s
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
elec
tr
o
ly
z
er
,
in
d
icate
d
b
y
n
eg
ativ
e
p
o
wer
r
ea
d
i
n
g
s
.
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
aler
t th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
ad
ju
s
t e
lectr
o
ly
ze
r
o
p
er
atio
n
d
y
n
am
ically
.
−
At
t
=
1
s
ec
o
n
d
:
T
h
e
lo
ad
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
k
W
to
5
k
W
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
:
T
h
e
b
atter
y
b
eg
i
n
s
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
to
m
ee
t
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
lo
ad
;
h
o
wev
er
,
g
en
er
atio
n
s
till
s
u
r
p
ass
es
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
m
o
m
en
tar
y
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
in
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
o
u
tp
u
t to
s
tab
ilize
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w.
−
At
t
=
1
.
5
s
ec
o
n
d
s
:
A
r
e
d
u
ct
io
n
in
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
0
to
7
0
0
W
/m
²
o
cc
u
r
s
.
O
b
s
er
v
atio
n
:
T
h
e
b
atter
y
s
u
p
p
lies
p
o
wer
b
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
to
m
ain
tain
s
y
s
tem
b
alan
ce
,
as
th
e
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
'
s
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
ma
r
t e
n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t in
r
en
ewa
b
le
micro
g
r
id
s
:
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
I
o
T w
ith
TS
K
-
fu
z
z
y
…
(
Mo
a
z
z
a
m
Ha
id
a
r
i
)
1625
d
elay
ed
.
I
o
T
a
n
aly
tics
h
elp
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
r
ate
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
g
en
er
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
ab
o
v
e
lo
ad
.
−
At
t
=
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
:
A
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
lo
ad
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
5
k
W
to
1
2
.
5
k
W
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
O
b
s
er
v
atio
n
:
T
h
e
b
atter
y
r
ap
id
ly
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
u
r
g
e;
h
o
we
v
er
,
in
it
ial
g
en
er
atio
n
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
m
ee
t
th
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
wh
il
e
th
e
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
’
s
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
alls
to
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
em
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
I
o
T
d
ata,
ac
tiv
ates
th
e
F
C
to
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
lo
ad
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t,
alb
eit
with
a
d
elay
in
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
g
en
er
atio
n
.
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
en
ab
le
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
,
allo
win
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
l
y
z
er
to
g
r
ad
u
ally
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
g
en
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
wh
ile
th
e
b
atter
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
lev
els
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
to
ze
r
o
as
p
er
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
.
−
At
t
=
3
s
ec
o
n
d
s
:
A
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
win
d
s
p
ee
d
f
r
o
m
1
2
m
/s
to
5
m
/s
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
Ob
s
er
v
ati
o
n
:
T
h
e
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
PMSG
d
ec
lin
es
g
r
ad
u
ally
d
u
e
to
th
e
two
-
m
ass
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
allo
ws
f
o
r
s
ea
m
less
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
d
e
v
ic
es,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
u
el
ce
ll to
m
ain
tain
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
.
−
At
t
=
4
s
ec
o
n
d
s
:
T
h
e
lo
ad
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
1
2
.
5
k
W
to
7
k
W
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
:
W
ith
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
g
en
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
av
ailab
le,
th
e
f
u
el
ce
l
l c
ea
s
es to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
is
ab
s
o
r
b
e
d
b
y
th
e
b
atter
y
an
d
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
,
as n
ee
d
e
d
.
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
ese
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
h
ap
p
en
p
r
o
m
p
tly
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
es
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
,
an
d
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
PC
C
ar
e
d
etail
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
1
(
a)
-
1
1
(
c
)
,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
f
ig
u
r
es
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
o
T
-
en
h
an
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
m
an
ag
in
g
p
o
wer
f
lo
ws
with
in
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
ac
ilit
ates
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
b
u
t
also
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t sy
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Po
wer
s
f
o
r
a
s
tan
d
a
lo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
(
a
)
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
,
(
b
)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
es,
an
d
(
c)
p
h
ase
R
MS
v
o
ltag
es a
t PC
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1620
-
1
6
2
7
1626
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
lik
e
s
o
lar
PV
an
d
PMSG
-
d
r
iv
en
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Du
e
to
t
h
e
u
n
p
r
e
d
ictab
le
n
atu
r
e
o
f
win
d
p
o
we
r
an
d
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
,
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
s
u
ch
as
s
m
all
b
atter
ies,
f
u
el
ce
lls
,
an
d
elec
tr
o
ly
ze
r
s
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
f
o
r
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
.
A
T
ak
ag
i
Su
g
en
o
Kan
g
(
T
SK)
fu
zzy
-
b
ased
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
is
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
clu
d
es
MPPT
f
o
r
PV
an
d
win
d
,
T
SK
-
fu
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
an
d
a
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t stra
teg
y
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
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N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
was r
ec
eiv
e
d
f
o
r
th
is
wo
r
k
.
AUTHO
R
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B
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I
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h
is
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s
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o
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u
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ax
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y
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th
o
r
s
h
ip
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is
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an
d
f
ac
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co
llab
o
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.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
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Vi
Su
P
Fu
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Viv
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C
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