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I
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16
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r
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o
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≤
≤
(
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Du
a
l
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a
w
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Ma
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1449
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:
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[
2
1
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-
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h
ar
g
in
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s
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=
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q
_
i
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(
ℎ
∗
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(
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g
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tr
ain
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h
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s
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s
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ain
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h
e
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
tim
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s
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t
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,
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d
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h
ar
g
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ch
ar
g
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g
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h
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l
d
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b
e
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th
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ax
im
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h
ar
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ly
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ar
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d
th
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d
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y
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f
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we
ek
[
2
2
]
.
-
Peak
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_
ℎ
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(
∑
(
,
−
,
)
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=
1
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∗
(
6
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h
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e
k
is
th
e
tim
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s
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u
r
s
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d
‘
N’
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e
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e
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iv
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ab
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2
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ay
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(
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ies f
r
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1
to
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d
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(
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(
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T
h
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e
will b
e
n
o
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alty
in
o
f
f
-
p
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k
tim
e
s
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an
d
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s
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e
tim
e
s
lo
t m
ar
k
et
p
r
ic
e
o
f
th
at
d
a
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1446
-
1
4
5
6
1450
T
ab
le
2
.
R
ea
l tim
e
h
o
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r
ly
m
a
r
k
et
p
r
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Ti
me
s
l
o
t
(
H
r
s)
M
o
n
d
a
y
(
₹
p
e
r
k
W
h
)
(
=
1
)
Tu
e
s
d
a
y
(
₹
p
e
r
k
W
h
)
(
=
2
)
W
e
d
n
e
s
d
a
y
(
₹
p
e
r
k
W
h
)
(
=
3
)
Th
u
r
sd
a
y
(
₹
p
e
r
k
W
h
)
(
=
4
)
F
r
i
d
a
y
(
₹
p
e
r
k
W
h
)
(
=
5
)
S
a
t
u
r
d
a
y
(
₹
p
e
r
k
W
h
)
(
=
6
)
S
u
n
d
a
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(
₹
p
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r
k
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)
(
=
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2
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Scena
rio
I
I
I
n
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h
i
s
s
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n
a
r
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o
,
t
h
e
t
w
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b
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s
o
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t
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E
3
3
b
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r
c
e
t
h
a
t
wi
l
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
b
y
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
E
V
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
b
at
t
e
r
y
ca
p
a
c
i
t
y
as
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
T
h
e
b
u
s
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
1
8
a
n
d
b
u
s
n
u
m
b
e
r
3
3
a
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
t
h
e
w
e
a
k
e
s
t
b
u
s
es
i
n
t
h
e
I
E
E
E
3
3
b
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
E
V
s
i
s
a
t
l
e
as
t
5
y
e
a
r
s
o
l
d
,
w
h
i
c
h
p
a
r
ti
c
i
p
a
te
i
n
V
2
G
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
a
t
0
.
7
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
a
s
f
o
ll
o
ws
:
-
So
C
lev
el
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
tim
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t f
o
r
V2
G
m
o
d
e
_
≤
≤
_
(
8
)
-
E
n
er
g
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
tim
e
f
o
r
V2
G
m
o
d
e
T
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
E
V
s
a
t
a
l
l
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
s
t
at
i
o
n
s
is
g
iv
e
n
a
s
(
9
)
.
_
i
,
j
=
∑
{
∑
,
∗
(
,
−
,
)
=
1
}
=
1
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
k
in
g
lo
ts
tak
en
as
2
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
j
,
o
n
e
at
b
u
s
1
8
an
d
an
o
th
er
at
b
u
s
3
2
.
,
is
th
e
to
tal
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
in
k
W
h
f
o
r
ea
ch
E
V
‘
i’
at
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
lo
t
‘
l’
.
0
≤
T
≤
_
(
1
0
)
_
:
d
ef
in
es
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
tim
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
f
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
in
V
-
2
-
G
m
o
d
e
;
h
er
e
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
an
d
s
et
as
2
Hr
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
b
atter
ies
ar
e
n
o
t
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
ely
d
r
ain
e
d
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
V2
G
m
o
d
e
,
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
d
E
Vs
will
p
ar
ticip
ate
b
ased
o
n
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
in
ter
est
,
a
n
d
s
im
ilar
ly
,
th
e
tim
e
allo
tted
f
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
as g
iv
en
i
n
(
10
)
.
T
a
b
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
5
0
E
Vs o
p
er
atin
g
in
th
e
V2
G
m
o
d
e.
-
T
o
tal
in
ce
n
tiv
e
in
t
h
e
V2
G
p
r
o
ce
s
s
T
h
e
to
tal
in
ce
n
tiv
e
f
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
E
Vs d
u
r
in
g
th
e
V2
G
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
1
)
.
=
+
_
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
c
o
s
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
tim
e
s
lo
t
an
d
m
ar
k
et
p
r
ice
at
th
at
tim
e
s
lo
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
th
e
in
ce
n
tiv
e
will b
e
d
is
b
u
r
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
s
to
E
V
u
s
er
s
.
I
t
also
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
ay
o
f
th
e
wee
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Du
a
l
-
a
w
a
r
e
E
V
ch
a
r
g
in
g
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
w
ith
tr
a
ffic in
teg
r
a
tio
n
(
Ma
n
ee
s
h
Ya
d
a
v
)
1451
T
ab
le
3
.
E
Vs s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
p
er
atin
g
in
V2
G
m
o
d
e
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
B
u
s
1
8
(
3
0
EV
s)
B
u
s
3
3
(
2
0
EV
s)
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
s
i
z
e
4
0
.
7
k
W
h
4
0
.
7
k
W
h
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
S
o
C
8
0
%
8
0
%
F
i
n
a
l
S
o
C
5
0
%
5
0
%
ED
R
7
.
2
k
W
7
.
2
k
W
D
i
s.
Ef
f
.
0
.
7
0
.
7
I
n
c
e
n
t
i
v
e
r
a
t
e
A
s p
e
r
t
h
e
s
l
o
t
p
r
i
c
e
A
s p
e
r
t
h
e
s
l
o
t
p
r
i
c
e
ED
R
:
EV
D
i
s c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
r
a
t
e
,
D
i
s
.
Ef
f
.
:
d
i
sc
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
3
.
3
.
Scena
rio
I
I
I
-
Peak
p
er
io
d
=
(
∑
(
,
+
,
)
∗
_
T
=
0
∗
ℎ
)
∗
∗
(
1
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
is
s
et
at
0
.
7
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
p
r
o
f
it
m
ar
g
i
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
at
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
tatio
n
.
(
,
is
th
e
tim
e
s
lo
t
m
ar
k
et
p
r
ice
as
in
T
ab
le
4
)
.
,
is
th
e
in
ce
n
tiv
e
p
r
ice
g
i
v
en
t
o
an
E
V
cu
s
to
m
er
.
C
i
is
th
e
b
in
ar
y
v
al
u
e
th
at
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
est
o
f
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
e
r
.
‘
0
’
m
ea
n
s
n
o
t
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
in
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
a
n
d
‘
1
’
m
ea
n
s
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
.
-
Of
f
-
p
ea
k
p
er
io
d
T
h
er
e
will b
e
n
o
in
ce
n
tiv
e
i
n
o
f
f
o
f
f
-
p
ea
k
p
er
io
d
.
_
=
(
∑
,
∗
_
T
=
0
∗
ℎ
)
∗
∗
(
1
3
)
-
I
n
tellig
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
I
DS)
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es,
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ess
en
tial
to
d
esig
n
in
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t I
DS f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
E
V
ch
a
r
g
in
g
an
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
ex
c
h
an
g
e
.
-
I
n
tellig
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
≤
V
≤
(
1
4
)
I
≤
(
1
5
)
W
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
lim
its
o
f
th
e
in
tellig
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
-
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
E
.
≤
q
i
,
j
+
(
+
)
∗
,
(
1
6
)
T
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
t
o
th
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
at
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
tatio
n
an
d
th
e
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
E
V.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
R
e
f
.
N
o
.
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
P
o
w
e
r
l
o
s
s
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
U
s
e
r
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
Tr
a
f
f
i
c
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
T
i
m
e
s
l
o
t
p
r
i
c
e
G
2
V
m
o
d
e
V
2
G
m
o
d
e
B
o
t
h
m
o
d
e
[
2
3
]
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
[
2
4
]
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
[
2
5
]
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
[
2
6
]
No
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
[
2
7
]
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
P
.
W
o
r
k
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
E
Vs
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
,
wh
i
ch
co
v
er
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
b
jectiv
es
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
T
AFC
S
with
th
e
ex
i
s
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
lik
e
FC
F
S,
Gr
ee
d
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
an
d
p
r
io
r
ity
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
is
g
iv
en
i
n
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
is
tab
le
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
v
er
s
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
o
u
r
ca
s
es o
f
E
V
f
leet
s
ize
,
b
u
t it
also
ca
lcu
lates f
o
r
lar
g
er
E
V
f
leet
s
izes
u
p
to
1
0
0
0
E
Vs.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ar
r
iv
al
an
d
d
ep
a
r
tu
r
e
o
f
2
2
5
E
Vs
f
o
r
all
d
ay
s
o
f
th
e
wee
k
,
ar
r
an
g
e
d
f
o
r
tim
eslo
ts
in
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
wh
o
le
d
ay
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1446
-
1
4
5
6
1452
[
2
3
]
an
d
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
g
esti
o
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
o
tal
ch
ar
g
in
g
co
s
t
o
n
th
e
ar
r
iv
al
o
f
2
2
5
E
Vs is
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
6
.
T
ab
le
5
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
with
ex
is
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
F
l
e
e
t
s
i
z
e
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
TTR
(
%)
ELS (k
W
h
)
C
U
(
%)
F
l
e
e
t
s
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