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1846
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ts
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ilit
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So
f
twar
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in
ed
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r
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n
g
T
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s
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CC B
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se
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C
o
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r
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
Sri
R
am
ac
h
an
d
r
a
L
ak
k
aiah
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
C
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p
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ter
Scie
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in
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in
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o
v
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m
en
t SKSJ
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B
en
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alu
r
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n
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m
ail: d
s
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am
8
3
8
8
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
SDN
s
ar
e
n
o
v
el
n
etwo
r
k
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
s
th
at
f
ea
tu
r
e
a
s
ep
a
r
ate
d
ata
p
lan
e
an
d
a
co
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
f
o
r
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
alo
n
g
with
a
lo
g
ically
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
1
]
.
SDN
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
g
lo
b
al
to
p
o
lo
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
wh
ich
m
ak
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
f
l
o
w
tab
les
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
lo
g
ical
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
ain
tain
s
a
g
lo
b
al
v
iew
o
f
th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
,
en
ab
l
in
g
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
to
m
ak
e
b
e
tter
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
esear
ch
[
3
]
.
Ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
h
as
en
ab
led
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
m
an
a
g
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
o
v
er
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
o
p
en
f
lo
w
s
witch
es
,
p
r
ev
en
t
in
g
v
e
n
d
o
r
lo
ck
-
i
n
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
clu
d
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
y
n
am
ic
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
er
v
er
lo
ad
b
alan
ci
n
g
,
n
et
wo
r
k
v
ir
tu
aliza
tio
n
,
a
n
d
g
r
ee
n
n
etwo
r
k
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
a
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
it
is
ch
allen
g
in
g
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
with
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
r
o
u
tin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
7
]
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
with
th
eir
u
n
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
r
o
u
tin
g
s
ch
em
es
,
o
f
ten
r
esu
lt
in
wasted
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
8
]
.
SDNs
o
f
f
er
in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
s
ch
em
es
,
with
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
u
tili
z
in
g
d
ee
p
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
th
at
h
av
e
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
ed
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
SDNs
m
an
ag
e
s
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ef
f
icien
tly
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
tr
af
f
i
c
co
n
tr
o
l
,
en
h
an
cin
g
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
r
am
atica
lly
,
e
s
p
ec
ially
with
n
etwo
r
k
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
.
SDN
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
an
d
le
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
d
em
a
n
d
s
ar
r
i
v
in
g
wit
h
in
s
h
o
r
t
p
er
io
d
s
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
e
to
co
m
p
lete
p
ath
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
n
et
wo
r
k
s
ize
s
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
th
e
last
d
ec
ad
e
,
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
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g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
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N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
DN
mu
lti
-
a
cc
ess
ed
g
e
co
mp
u
tin
g
fo
r
mo
b
ilit
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
(
S
r
i R
a
ma
ch
a
n
d
r
a
La
kk
a
i
a
h
)
1847
ce
n
ter
s
n
o
w
in
clu
d
i
n
g
h
u
n
d
r
e
d
s
o
f
s
witch
es
[
1
2
]
.
SDN
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
en
ab
le
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
t
o
o
p
er
ate
at
n
ea
r
-
f
u
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
at
n
etw
o
r
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
re
-
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
1
3
]
.
Sig
n
i
f
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
in
tr
af
f
ic
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
etwo
r
k
f
ailu
r
e
s
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
f
ast
r
o
u
tin
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
m
an
ag
e
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
t
r
af
f
ic
d
e
m
an
d
s
[
1
4
]
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
e
ch
allen
g
es
p
o
s
ed
b
y
la
r
g
e
-
s
ca
le
SDN
m
o
d
el
s
is
cr
it
ical
[
1
5
]
.
Sh
ah
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
n
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
th
at
in
teg
r
at
ed
SDN
with
clo
u
d
-
n
ativ
e
v
ir
tu
aliza
tio
n
m
o
d
els
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
co
n
tain
er
s
with
m
u
lti
-
ac
ce
s
s
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
(
ME
C
)
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
.
T
h
is
f
ac
ilit
ated
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
an
d
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
b
ile
ed
g
e
h
o
s
ts
(
ME
H)
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
m
o
d
el
f
o
cu
s
ed
p
r
im
ar
ily
on
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
I
t
s
h
o
wed
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
s
in
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
laten
c
y
.
T
h
e
S
DN
-
ME
C
m
o
d
e
l
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
ain
tain
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
er
v
ice
as
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
wer
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
ed
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
an
o
th
er
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
e
f
f
icien
t
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
m
itig
ate
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
im
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
th
e
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
b
an
d
wid
th
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
u
l
t
ed
i
n
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
S
i
l
v
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
f
twar
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
f
o
r
4
G
an
d
5
G.
SDN
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
r
o
m
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
with
m
u
ltip
le
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
SDN
-
m
o
b
ile
co
r
e
n
etwo
r
k
(
MCN)
o
p
er
ate
d
with
4
G
an
d
5
G
,
in
teg
r
ated
with
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
o
f
f
lo
ad
in
g
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
3
GPP
an
d
n
o
n
-
3
GPP
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
el
also
h
a
n
d
led
m
o
b
ilit
y
with
I
P
f
lo
ws,
W
i
-
Fi
laten
cy
,
L
T
E
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
a
n
d
W
i
-
Fi
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
4
G
a
n
d
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
Wi
-
Fi
a
n
d
o
th
er
n
o
n
-
3
GPP
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
co
m
p
lex
ity
in
m
an
ag
in
g
u
s
er
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
Mir
iy
ala
an
d
Sair
am
[
1
8
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
f
u
ll
y
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ich
was
a
s
im
p
le
d
u
al
-
k
ey
m
o
d
el
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
with
in
a
co
m
p
lex
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
s
im
p
le
d
u
al
-
k
ey
m
et
h
o
d
was
u
s
ed
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
f
u
lly
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
h
y
b
r
id
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
a
d
o
u
b
le
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
u
s
in
g
f
u
lly
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
with
th
ese
s
ch
em
es
,
an
d
S
DN
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
wer
e
p
lace
d
in
th
e
MA
NE
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
SDN
en
ab
led
th
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
to
h
an
d
le
n
etwo
r
k
s
ec
u
r
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
o
r
th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
d
ev
ice
d
ata.
A
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ize
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
o
v
er
h
ea
d
a
n
d
k
ey
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t c
o
m
p
lex
ity
also
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
p
o
t
en
tially
lead
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
ilit
ies.
Dev
i
an
d
J
aiso
n
[
1
9
]
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
an
SDN
-
b
ased
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
wa
s
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
a
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
te
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
SDN
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
W
SN
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
wh
ich
h
elp
ed
im
p
r
o
v
e
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
Qo
S
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
clo
n
e
n
o
d
e
d
etec
tio
n
(
HC
ND)
m
o
d
el
d
etec
ted
clo
n
ed
n
o
d
e
s
in
th
e
wir
eles
s
n
etwo
r
k
.
An
ef
f
icien
t
clo
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ac
tiv
ely
elim
in
ate
clo
n
e
a
ttack
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
clo
n
es
wer
e
d
etec
ted
lo
ca
lly
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
eg
io
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
was
lim
ited
by
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
p
r
o
to
co
l
,
wh
ich
im
p
ac
te
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
al
y
s
is
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
lim
ited
en
e
r
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
W
SN n
o
d
es
w
o
r
s
e
n
t
h
i
s
i
s
s
u
e
,
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
f
a
l
s
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
s
.
K
h
a
n
a
n
d
A
k
h
u
n
z
a
d
a
[
2
0
]
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
h
ig
h
ly
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
h
y
b
r
i
d
DL
-
b
ased
SDN
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
d
etec
t
in
g
m
alwa
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
m
o
d
el
lev
er
ag
ed
I
o
T
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
we
r
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
i
n
th
e
d
e
v
ic
es
with
o
u
t
ex
h
au
s
tin
g
th
em
.
T
h
e
d
ataset
u
s
ed
was
f
r
o
m
a
p
u
b
licly
a
v
ailab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
wed
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
etr
ics
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
e
x
is
tin
g
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ex
h
ib
ited
lo
w
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
b
u
t p
o
s
ed
ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
d
ev
ices w
ith
lim
ited
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies.
T
h
is
r
esu
lted
i
n
d
e
l
a
y
e
d
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
t
i
m
e
s
w
h
i
l
e
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
.
M
i
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
an
SDN
-
Or
ch
e
s
tr
ated
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
-
em
p
o
wer
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
i
n
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
in
cy
b
er
-
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
a
Cu
-
B
L
STM
G
R
U
d
etec
tio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
I
o
T
-
b
ased
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
wh
ich
was
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
DL
a
n
d
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
SDN.
W
ith
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
p
o
wer
o
f
th
ese
two
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
was
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
an
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
s
eg
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
latter
was
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
ti
o
n
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
'
s
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
SDN
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
DL
with
u
n
if
ied
o
p
er
atio
n
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
t
h
r
ea
t d
etec
tio
n
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
DL
-
b
ased
an
o
m
al
y
d
etec
tio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
it
r
em
ain
ed
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
I
o
T
s
etu
p
s
with
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
C
u
-
B
L
STM
GR
U
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
v
er
h
ea
d
o
f
SDN
d
id
n
o
t c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
with
DL
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
n
am
ely
,
co
n
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
C
NN)
an
d
b
id
ir
ec
t
io
n
al
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
e
m
o
r
y
(
B
iLST
M)
,
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
R
b
ah
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
p
r
esen
t
ed
a
s
p
ec
ial
co
m
b
in
atio
n
t
h
at
m
d
e
I
o
MT
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
th
r
ea
t
d
etec
tio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
y
h
a
n
d
lin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
I
o
MT
d
ata
f
o
r
m
ats
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
C
NN
an
d
B
i
-
L
STM
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
wa
s
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
th
is
h
y
b
r
id
s
o
l
u
tio
n
ad
ju
s
t
ed
with
ea
s
e.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
I
o
MT
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
n
ec
ess
itate
d
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
a
h
y
b
r
id
SDN
-
b
ased
DL
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
D
L
s
y
s
tem
d
em
an
d
ed
m
o
r
e
tim
e
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
tr
ai
n
in
g
d
u
e
to
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elf
-
lear
n
in
g
an
d
weig
h
t
ad
ap
tatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
8
4
6
-
1
8
5
4
1848
Fu
r
th
er
more
,
as
I
o
MT
n
etwo
r
k
s
ex
p
an
d
ed
,
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
'
s
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
in
te
n
s
it
y
g
r
ew
co
n
ce
r
n
s
wh
ich
ca
u
s
e
d
an
in
cr
em
en
t
in
laten
cy
an
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
cr
o
wd
s
ea
r
c
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
DL
-
d
r
iv
en
cy
b
er
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
(
E
C
SADL
-
C
AD)
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
SDN
-
en
ab
l
ed
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
was
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Mo
twak
el
e
t
a
l.
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
aim
o
f
E
C
SADL
-
C
AD
was
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ize
cy
b
er
attac
k
s
in
th
e
SDN
-
en
ab
led
I
o
T
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
is
,
th
e
d
ata
was
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
E
C
SADL
-
C
AD
m
o
d
el,
af
ter
wh
ich
th
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
d
ee
p
b
e
lief
n
etwo
r
k
(
R
DB
N)
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
atta
ck
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
E
C
SA
-
b
ased
h
y
p
er
p
ar
am
eter
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
in
te
n
s
ity
o
f
E
C
SADL
-
C
AD
r
esu
lted
in
in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
ar
e
n
o
te
d
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
ME
C
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
co
m
b
in
e
s
SDN
a
n
d
clo
u
d
-
n
ativ
e
v
ir
t
u
aliza
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
ME
C
m
eth
o
d
is
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
e
n
ab
le
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
o
f
ME
H.
−
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
wh
ich
i
s
ess
en
tial
to
m
ain
tain
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tin
u
ity
w
h
en
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
tr
an
s
f
er
d
ata
to
o
n
e
a
n
o
th
er
.
−
T
o
h
a
n
d
le
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
m
o
b
ile
ed
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
u
s
er
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
m
e
asu
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
laten
cy
,
b
an
d
wid
t
h
,
an
d
SDN
-
B
W
M
S.
T
he
f
u
r
th
er
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
u
s
ed
in
SDN
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Sectio
n
3
d
etails
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ME
C
-
SDN
f
o
r
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
,
wh
ile
s
ec
tio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
an
d
f
in
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
e
s
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
:
SDN
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
Qo
S
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
an
d
UE
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
o
u
tin
g
,
an
d
ME
ap
p
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
p
ar
t
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
n
o
r
th
b
o
u
n
d
in
ter
f
ac
e
th
at
in
clu
d
es
a
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
o
p
en
f
lo
w
s
im
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
itializatio
n
ar
e
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
to
r
,
R
YU
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
n
o
d
es
,
wh
ich
ar
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
2
.
1
.
O
rc
hes
t
ra
t
o
r
Mo
b
ile
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
(
ME
C
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
in
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
[
2
4
]
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
d
y
n
am
ically
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
d
ed
icate
d
s
er
v
ices
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eq
u
est
ty
p
es
an
d
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
er
v
ices
an
d
co
n
tex
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
in
s
talled
at
th
e
n
ea
r
est
MEC
,
wh
ich
p
r
esen
ts
a
ch
allen
g
e
b
y
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
ed
u
c
in
g
th
e
m
as
s
iv
e
b
an
d
wid
th
u
s
ag
e
to
th
e
clo
u
d
wh
ile
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
p
ee
d
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
ME
C
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
at
a
lo
w
co
s
t,
u
tili
z
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ed
,
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
d
ev
ice
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ese
d
ev
ices
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
s
ec
u
r
it
y
is
s
u
es
,
an
d
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
p
latf
o
r
m
lack
s
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
M
E
H
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
wh
i
ch
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
d
ir
ec
ts
to
war
d
s
an
u
p
d
ate
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
ME
H
p
la
y
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
th
e
ME
C
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
b
y
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
v
iew
o
f
th
e
ME
H.
I
t
is
o
r
g
an
ize
d
with
in
t
h
e
ME
C
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ic
h
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
all
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
ata
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
in
th
e
ME
H.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
DN
mu
lti
-
a
cc
ess
ed
g
e
co
mp
u
tin
g
fo
r
mo
b
ilit
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
(
S
r
i R
a
ma
ch
a
n
d
r
a
La
kk
a
i
a
h
)
1849
ME
s
er
v
ices
an
d
av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
s
u
ch
a
way
th
at
th
e
ME
O
m
u
s
t
s
e
lec
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
ME
H
f
o
r
e
x
ec
u
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
r
elo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
d
ec
is
io
n
is
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
av
ailab
le
s
er
v
ices,
laten
cy
,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
.
2
.
2
.
RYU
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
R
YU
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
th
e
latest
o
p
en
f
lo
w
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
T
h
e
R
YU
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
6
]
is
k
n
o
wn
as
a
n
o
p
en
SDN
d
esig
n
ed
to
e
n
h
an
ce
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
.
Me
ter
tab
les
ar
e
im
p
le
m
en
ted
,
wh
ich
lim
it
th
e
r
ate
b
u
t
allo
w
d
is
tin
ct
s
er
v
ices
,
as
th
ey
r
ec
eiv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
p
o
t
en
tial
b
en
ef
i
ts
ar
e
en
h
an
ce
d
with
th
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
s
er
v
ice
,
ap
p
lied
to
a
r
ea
lis
tic
s
ce
n
ar
io
wh
er
e
th
e
DR
S
r
u
n
s
as
a
co
n
tain
er
o
v
e
r
wo
r
k
s
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
R
YU
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
an
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
esig
n
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
n
etwo
r
k
ag
ilit
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
it
to
m
an
ag
e
an
d
ad
ap
t
tr
af
f
ic
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
T
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
er
ates
in
an
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
r
elay
ed
t
o
th
e
r
o
u
ter
s
an
d
s
witch
es.
T
h
e
R
YU
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
NT
T
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
cl
o
u
d
d
ata
ce
n
ter
s
an
d
r
elev
an
t
s
o
f
twar
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
d
ef
in
e
d
in
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
(
API
s
)
.
T
h
is
m
ak
e
s
it
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
e
r
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
n
d
m
an
ag
e
n
ew
n
et
wo
r
k
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
elp
s
o
r
g
an
ize
a
n
d
c
u
s
to
m
ize
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
d
ep
l
o
y
in
g
th
e
m
to
m
ee
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
.
Dev
elo
p
e
r
s
ca
n
q
u
ick
l
y
m
o
d
i
f
y
e
x
is
tin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
b
y
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
th
ei
r
o
wn
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
m
ee
ts
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
d
em
an
d
s
.
2
.
3
.
No
des
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
n
o
d
es
d
iv
id
ed
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
e
r
wh
ich
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
u
tili
t
y
o
f
lin
u
x
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
(LT
C
)
.
L
in
u
x
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
ich
s
et
o
f
to
o
ls
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
,
t
r
an
s
m
itti
n
g
,
an
d
m
a
n
ip
u
latin
g
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
lar
g
er
L
in
u
x
co
m
m
u
n
ity
i
s
f
am
iliar
with
th
ese
to
o
ls
,
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
an
ag
e
a
n
d
f
ir
ewa
ll
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
er
v
ices
th
at
r
u
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
with
in
th
e
L
in
u
x
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ar
e
awa
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
.
T
h
e
L
T
C
m
an
ag
es
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
licate
an
ac
c
u
r
ate
ME
H
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
m
o
d
el.
Sev
er
al
wo
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
th
e
r
elo
ca
tio
n
am
o
n
g
ME
C
n
o
d
es
,
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
n
o
d
es.
Var
io
u
s
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
n
etwo
r
k
s
r
elate
d
t
o
ME
H
en
ab
le
l
o
w
-
laten
cy
s
er
v
ices.
ME
C
tr
ac
e
s
th
e
r
ad
io
ac
ce
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
(
R
AN)
a
n
d
t
r
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
(
T
C
)
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
i
r
es
th
e
L
in
u
x
Utilit
y
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
g
ain
s
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
th
e
k
e
r
n
el
s
ch
ed
u
ler
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
d
is
tin
ct
o
p
tio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
f
am
il
iar
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
L
in
u
x
.
L
in
u
x
u
tili
ze
s
s
im
u
latio
n
to
o
ls
to
s
h
o
w
p
ac
k
et
d
elay
f
o
r
b
o
th
UDP
a
n
d
T
C
P
ap
p
licat
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
el
l
im
it
s
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
u
s
ag
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
s
er
v
ices
,
s
im
u
lat
in
g
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
C
ab
le,
T
1
,
an
d
D
SL
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
Deb
ian
L
in
u
x
h
as
em
er
g
e
d
,
bundl
in
g
th
e
I
P r
o
u
te
f
o
r
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
th
e
in
s
talled
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
E
v
er
y
n
etwo
r
k
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
h
as
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
co
m
m
a
n
d
,
a
to
o
l
t
h
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
th
e
ad
m
in
to
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
th
e
k
er
n
el
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
e
d
u
l
er
o
r
s
im
u
late
p
ac
k
et
d
elay
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
f
o
r
UDP/TC
P
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
r
lim
it
s
b
an
d
wid
th
u
s
ag
e
f
o
r
a
s
p
e
cif
ic
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
etter
test
in
g
m
u
s
t b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
f
o
r
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
with
p
o
o
r
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t n
etwo
r
k
s
.
3.
M
O
B
I
L
I
T
Y
M
ANAG
E
M
E
NT
B
A
SE
D
O
N
M
E
C
-
SDN
Mo
b
ilit
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
is
b
r
o
a
d
ly
d
e
f
in
ed
as
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
an
d
m
a
n
ag
in
g
m
o
b
ilit
y
at
b
o
th
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
lev
els
,
with
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
af
f
o
r
d
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
f
ea
tu
r
es
in
ME
C
p
r
ev
e
n
t
th
e
f
ast
p
ath
th
at
r
eser
v
es
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
s
er
v
ice
m
ig
r
atio
n
.
Ser
v
ice
m
ig
r
atio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
e
al
-
tim
e
s
er
v
ices
,
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
b
ilit
y
f
ea
tu
r
es
with
in
ME
C
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
ities
o
f
h
an
d
o
v
er
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
T
o
th
is
en
d
,
SDN
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
as
a
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
tr
an
s
f
er
s
ME
H
alo
n
g
with
ME
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
lo
w
-
laten
cy
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
S
DN
ap
p
licatio
n
u
tili
ze
s
ME
s
er
v
ices
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
ME
P,
s
u
c
h
a
s
R
NI
S
an
d
L
S,
to
co
llect
u
p
d
ated
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ad
io
b
ase
s
tatio
n
b
ased
o
n
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
lo
ad
th
e
ME
H
f
o
r
s
er
v
ice
m
ig
r
atio
n
[
2
8
]
.
3
.
1
.
M
ig
ra
t
i
o
n m
a
na
g
em
ent
Ser
v
ice
m
ig
r
atio
n
m
an
a
g
em
e
n
t
is
u
s
ed
in
SDN
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
to
en
ab
le
lo
w
laten
cy
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
e
s
ea
m
less
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
is
p
lay
s
r
ad
io
n
etwo
r
k
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
with
R
NI
S
an
d
L
S
s
er
v
ices
r
em
ain
in
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
r
g
an
izes
an
d
an
ticip
ates
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ap
p
l
icatio
n
r
elo
ca
tio
n
,
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
th
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e.
T
h
e
ME
P
n
o
tifie
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
ME
H
to
in
s
t
an
tiate
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Var
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ex
is
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
th
e
tar
g
et
ME
P.
Mig
r
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
a
p
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
m
p
u
s
,
en
ter
p
r
is
e,
W
AN,
ca
r
r
ier
,
a
n
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
with
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
b
ased
o
n
in
it
ial
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ac
tices
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ep
a
r
ate
m
ig
r
atio
n
an
d
p
r
e
-
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
lan
n
in
g
p
h
ases
,
wh
er
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
is
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
s
er
v
ices
av
ailab
le
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
-
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
h
ase.
An
ticip
ated
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
8
4
6
-
1
8
5
4
1850
m
ig
r
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
e
-
m
i
g
r
atio
n
ch
ec
k
lis
ts
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
er
v
ice.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
u
n
ex
p
ec
te
d
is
s
u
es,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
n
p
lace
to
r
ev
er
t to
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
n
etwo
r
k
t
o
r
eso
lv
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
r
s
er
v
ice
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
h
ase
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
o
p
er
ato
r
s
w
h
o
m
a
n
ag
e
th
e
en
tire
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
t
th
e
m
ig
r
ated
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
t
in
v
o
lv
es
tim
ely
u
p
g
r
a
d
es
an
d
v
er
s
io
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
Op
en
Flo
w.
A
d
u
m
m
y
s
er
v
ice
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
cr
ea
ted
to
c
h
ec
k
s
er
v
ice
av
ailab
ilit
y
as
th
e
m
i
g
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
m
i
n
im
izes
o
r
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
s
er
v
ice
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
m
ig
r
atio
n
to
o
ls
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
to
o
l
s.
I
d
ea
lly
,
th
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ex
p
lo
its
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
SDN
b
ased
o
n
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
to
o
ls
:
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
a
n
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
t
o
o
ls
f
o
r
v
er
if
i
ca
ti
on
an
d
test
in
g
.
T
h
ese
to
o
l
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t,
q
u
an
tify
,
an
d
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
n
etw
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
an
d
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
to
o
ls
ass
i
s
t
wi
th
m
ig
r
atio
n
-
r
el
ated
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
r
o
llb
ac
k
.
Ver
if
icatio
n
an
d
test
in
g
to
o
ls
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
v
alid
at
e
Op
en
Flo
w
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
s
witch
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
.
Sev
er
al
co
m
m
er
cial
an
d
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
to
o
ls
ar
e
av
a
ilab
l
e
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
m
ig
r
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
SDN.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
es
e
to
o
ls
is
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ee
t m
i
g
r
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
p
r
o
to
c
o
l v
er
s
io
n
s
b
y
m
u
l
tip
le
v
en
d
o
r
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
at
i
o
n
is
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
o
n
m
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
w
i
t
h
8
G
B
o
f
R
A
M
a
n
d
a
n
I
n
t
e
l
C
o
r
e
i
5
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
d
i
s
ti
n
c
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
,
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
.
T
h
e
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
r
a
n
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
5
0
M
b
p
s
t
o
1
0
0
M
b
p
s
,
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
n
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
w
o
n
o
d
e
s
a
r
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
ll
y
s
e
p
a
r
at
e
d
t
o
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
e
l
a
y
,
u
s
i
n
g
u
t
i
li
t
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
l
i
n
u
x
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
T
C
)
.
L
i
n
u
x
T
C
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
t
h
e
k
e
r
n
e
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
er
,
r
e
a
l
i
s
ti
c
a
ll
y
r
e
p
l
i
c
a
ti
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
s
c
e
n
a
r
io
o
f
M
E
H
.
T
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
at
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
M
E
C
-
S
D
N
m
o
d
e
l
.
a)
L
a
t
ency
T
im
e
d
elay
,
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
t
h
e
ca
u
s
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
g
es
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
is
k
n
o
wn
as
laten
cy
(
L
)
.
I
n
a
n
etwo
r
k
,
it
ty
p
ically
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
tim
e
tak
en
f
o
r
d
ata
to
r
ea
ch
its
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
laten
c
y
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
)
.
=
+
(
1
)
b)
B
a
nd
wi
dth
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
at
a
tr
an
s
m
itted
in
ea
ch
tim
e
in
ter
v
al
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
b
an
d
wid
th
(
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
b
a
n
d
wid
th
is
o
f
ten
in
co
r
r
ec
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
in
ter
n
et
s
p
ee
d
,
as
it
is
ess
en
tially
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
b
an
d
wid
th
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
2
)
.
=
(
2
)
c)
SDN
-
B
W
M
S
T
h
e
SDN
-
b
an
d
wid
th
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
(
SDN
-
B
W
MS)
i
s
a
n
etwo
r
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
ap
p
lies
SDN
p
r
in
cip
les
to
ef
f
icien
tly
allo
ca
te
an
d
m
an
ag
e
b
an
d
wid
th
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
a
n
et
wo
r
k
.
SDN
-
B
W
MS
o
p
tim
izes
b
an
d
wid
th
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
en
s
u
r
es
Qo
S,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
b
an
d
wid
th
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t.
Th
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
o
f
SDN
-
B
W
MS
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
u
tili
za
tio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
(
B
UE
)
,
wh
ich
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
3
)
.
=
(
ℎ
ℎ
)
×
100
(
3
)
4
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
a
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
in
ter
m
s
o
f
laten
cy
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
a
n
d
SDN
-
B
W
M
S.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
m
o
v
ed
awa
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
,
with
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
e
r
atin
g
o
v
e
r
a
p
e
r
io
d
o
f
0
to
6
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
lo
wer
laten
cy
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ca
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
laten
cy
ev
alu
atio
n
wh
en
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
an
d
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
m
ig
r
at
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
as
th
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
was
in
itiated
with
th
e
m
ig
r
ati
o
n
s
er
v
ice
a
n
d
tr
ig
g
er
ed
to
M
NO
C
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wed
a
h
ig
h
er
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
lo
ad
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
MN
O
B
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ca
s
e
1
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
er
v
ices
th
at
wer
e
n
o
t
m
ig
r
ated
,
with
th
e
v
eh
icle
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
r
em
o
te
clo
u
d
,
as
s
ee
n
in
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
d
els.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ca
s
e
2
d
id
n
o
t
ac
co
u
n
t f
o
r
th
e
av
ailab
le
o
r
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
in
itiatin
g
s
er
v
ice
m
ig
r
atio
n
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
etter
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
r
e
q
u
ests
b
y
allo
ca
tin
g
th
e
in
s
tal
led
b
an
d
wid
th
with
th
e
n
ew
r
u
le
f
o
r
id
le
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
an
d
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
els.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
S
DN
mu
lti
-
a
cc
ess
ed
g
e
co
mp
u
tin
g
fo
r
mo
b
ilit
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
(
S
r
i R
a
ma
ch
a
n
d
r
a
La
kk
a
i
a
h
)
1851
T
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
ch
an
g
e
s
an
d
in
s
tall
s
th
e
f
lo
w
f
o
r
th
e
r
elo
ca
ted
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ess
io
n
,
lim
itin
g
th
e
allo
ca
ted
b
an
d
wid
th
to
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
5
Mb
p
s
to
m
ain
tain
s
er
v
ice
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
L
aten
cy
is
in
d
u
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
m
ig
r
atio
n
as
a
s
er
v
ice
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DR
S
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wca
s
es
lo
wer
r
esu
lts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
clo
u
d
-
b
as
ed
s
er
v
ice
m
ig
r
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
b
a
n
d
wid
th
with
r
esp
ec
t to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
L
aten
c
y
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
an
d
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
B
an
d
wid
th
with
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
an
d
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
B
an
d
wid
th
with
r
esp
ec
t to
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
8
4
6
-
1
8
5
4
1852
4
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
SDN
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
ea
ct
s
to
c
h
an
g
e
s
b
y
in
s
tall
in
g
th
e
f
lo
w
,
wh
ich
r
elo
ca
te
s
t
h
e
ME
ap
p
licatio
n
as
a
s
ess
io
n
an
d
lim
it
s
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
to
5
Mb
p
s
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
co
n
tain
er
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
im
ag
es
with
s
ize
s
o
f
1
2
3
MB
an
d
2
9
6
MB
,
wh
ich
ar
e
in
d
u
ce
d
with
th
e
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DR
S
m
eth
o
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
at
s
h
o
w
s
a
lo
wer
r
ate
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
m
ig
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
co
p
y
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
tech
n
i
q
u
es
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
by
L
in
u
x
an
d
Do
ck
er
,
a
r
e
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
an
aly
s
is
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
an
d
wi
d
th
,
laten
cy
,
an
d
SDN
-
B
W
MS
.
SDN
an
d
clo
u
d
-
n
ativ
e
v
i
r
tu
a
lizatio
n
h
av
e
en
ab
led
t
h
e
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
er
v
ice
d
u
r
in
g
r
elo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ac
h
iev
es
a
late
n
cy
o
f
6
-
1
6
m
s
,
a
b
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
4
.
8
-
5
M
b
its
/s
ec
,
an
d
SDN
-
B
W
M
S
o
f
8
Mb
its
/s
ec
.
T
h
e
e
x
is
tin
g
h
y
b
r
id
SDN
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
wit
h
SDN
wh
en
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
u
s
er
s
f
ail
to
o
p
e
r
ate
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
laten
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
3
.
6
m
s
to
3
0
.
1
m
s
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast
,
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
ac
h
iev
es
laten
cy
b
etwe
en
6
-
1
4
m
s
,
a
b
an
d
wid
t
h
o
f
5
.
2
M
b
its
/s
ec
,
an
d
SDN
-
B
W
MS
o
f
5
.
4
Mb
its
/s
ec
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
M
e
t
h
o
d
La
t
e
n
c
y
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
S
D
N
-
B
W
M
S
S
h
a
h
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
6
-
1
6
ms
4
.
8
-
5
M
b
i
t
s/
se
c
8
M
b
i
t
s
/
sec
S
i
l
v
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
1
3
.
6
t
o
3
0
.
1
ms
-
-
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
6
-
1
4
ms
5
.
2
-
5
.
1
M
b
i
t
s/
s
e
c
5
.
4
M
b
i
t
s
/
se
c
–
4
.
8
M
b
i
t
s
/
se
c
4
.
3
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
Fro
m
th
e
o
v
er
all
an
aly
s
is
,
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
estab
lis
h
e
s
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
in
m
in
im
izin
g
laten
cy
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
cin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
u
t
p
u
t sh
o
ws th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ME
C
-
SDN
ac
h
iev
es
a
m
in
im
u
m
laten
cy
o
f
6
-
1
4
m
s
an
d
a
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
5
.
2
Mb
i
ts
/s
ec
,
wh
ich
is
b
etter
th
an
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
b
u
ild
s
u
p
o
n
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
o
n
ME
C
an
d
SDN,
wh
ich
h
av
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
tl
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
to
en
h
an
ce
o
v
e
r
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
ME
C
-
SDN,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
alig
n
with
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
b
y
Sh
ah
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
an
d
Sil
v
a
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
,
wh
o
also
d
is
co
v
er
ed
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
ME
C
a
n
d
SDN
in
n
etwo
r
k
d
esig
n
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
will
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
i
lity
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
as
well
as
its
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
m
ar
t
cities
an
d
I
o
T
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
co
m
b
in
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
e
n
ce
tech
n
i
q
u
es
with
MEC
-
SDN
will
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
v
alid
ates
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ME
C
-
SDN
to
d
ev
elo
p
n
etwo
r
k
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
lo
w
-
laten
c
y
an
d
h
ig
h
-
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
As
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
a
n
d
s
ca
l
ab
le
n
etwo
r
k
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
g
r
o
w,
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
e
r
a
v
alu
ab
le
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
ME
C
an
d
SDN
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
v
ital
co
n
ce
p
t
in
t
h
e
r
ap
id
ly
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
As
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
lo
w
-
laten
cy
an
d
h
ig
h
-
b
an
d
wid
th
ap
p
licatio
n
s
co
n
tin
u
es
to
in
cr
ea
s
e,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
d
v
an
ce
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
h
a
n
d
le
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
m
o
o
th
co
n
n
ec
tiv
i
ty
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
estab
lis
h
es
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ME
C
-
SDN
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
alle
n
g
es
r
elate
d
to
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
.
As
s
tated
ea
r
lier
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ME
C
-
SDN
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
s
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
o
f
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
an
d
m
in
im
izes
laten
cy
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
ar
g
u
e
th
at
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
h
y
b
r
id
SDN
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
n
etwo
r
k
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
at
th
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
laten
cy
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
u
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ME
C
-
SDN
ac
h
iev
es
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
lo
wer
laten
cy
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
b
an
d
wid
th
,
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
it
as
a
n
id
ea
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ME
C
-
SDN
h
as
s
h
o
wn
its
v
iab
ilit
y
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
test
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
b
ilit
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
h
y
b
r
id
SDN
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
SDN
to
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
wh
en
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
u
s
er
s
f
ailed
to
o
p
er
ate,
as
th
e
laten
cy
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
3
.
6
m
s
to
3
0
.
1
m
s
.
I
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
,
th
e
ME
C
-
SDN
m
o
d
el
ac
h
i
ev
ed
6
-
1
4
m
s
o
f
l
aten
cy
,
a
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
5
.
2
M
b
its
/s
ec
,
an
d
SDN
-
B
W
M
S
o
f
5
.
4
Mb
its
/s
ec
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
th
e
s
licin
g
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ed
g
e
clo
u
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
to
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
ate
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
m
o
d
el,
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
al
o
n
g
with
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
licin
g
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
a
d
v
an
ce
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wi
ll
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
er
v
ice
co
n
t
in
u
ity
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
h
an
d
o
v
er
la
ten
cy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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N:
2502
-
4
7
5
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mu
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cc
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(
S
r
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a
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La
kk
a
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)
1853
F
UNDING
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NF
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M
A
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I
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Au
th
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tate
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AUTHO
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Na
m
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Aut
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Va
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Vi
Su
P
Fu
Sri
R
am
ac
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d
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a
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k
aiah
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Har
ee
s
h
Ku
m
b
h
in
ar
asaiah
✓
✓
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C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
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a
l
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t
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M
:
M
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y
So
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So
f
t
w
a
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Va
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Va
l
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Fo
r
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n
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