I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n a
nd
Resea
rc
h in E
du
ca
t
io
n (
I
J
E
RE
)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
4
0
8
8
~
409
8
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijer
e
.
v
1
4
i
5
.
3
2
3
5
9
4088
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Desig
ning
cyber s
a
fet
y
and secu
rity
lit
eracy
prog
ra
m
s to
enha
nce cyber
sec
urity co
mpet
ency
o
f
pro
spectiv
e
tea
chers
Sa
ntho
s
h T
ha
ng
a
n
1
,
T
hiy
a
g
u K
a
lia
pp
a
n
2
,
Vrinda
Vij
a
y
a
n
3
,
Venuk
a
nti
Sa
i A
bh
ina
v
2
,
Ash
a
la
t
ha
Sh
a
nthipa
lla
2
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
C
a
l
i
c
u
t
,
I
n
d
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
,
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
K
a
r
n
a
t
a
k
a
,
K
a
l
a
b
u
r
a
g
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
K
e
r
a
l
a
,
K
a
s
a
r
a
g
o
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
6
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Ap
r
27
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
May
9
,
2
0
2
5
Th
is
stu
d
y
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
th
e
d
e
sig
n
,
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
c
y
b
e
r
sa
fe
ty
a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
y
l
it
e
ra
c
y
p
ro
g
ra
m
(CS
LP
)
a
ime
d
a
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
c
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
y
(CS
C)
a
m
o
n
g
p
ro
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
tea
c
h
e
rs.
Util
izin
g
a
re
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
(R&
D)
m
e
th
o
d
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
ra
m
wa
s
stru
c
tu
re
d
u
sin
g
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis,
d
e
sig
n
,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
(
AD
DIE
)
m
o
d
e
l
to
c
re
a
te i
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
l
m
o
d
u
les
c
o
v
e
rin
g
k
e
y
c
y
b
e
r
sa
fe
ty
to
p
ics
.
Th
e
v
a
li
d
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
wa
s
e
n
su
re
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
e
rt
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
it
s
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
wa
s
tes
ted
v
ia
a
p
re
-
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
se
a
rc
h
d
e
sig
n
wi
th
a
si
n
g
le
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
5
0
p
ro
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
tea
c
h
e
rs
fro
m
train
i
n
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
i
n
Ke
ra
la,
In
d
ia.
P
re
-
a
n
d
p
o
st
-
tes
t
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
ts
we
re
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
u
sin
g
a
sta
n
d
a
rd
ize
d
C
S
C
sc
a
le.
S
tatisti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
t
-
tes
ts
a
n
d
Co
h
e
n
’s d
,
re
v
e
a
led
a
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
p
a
rti
c
i
p
a
n
ts
’
CS
C
,
wi
th
a
larg
e
e
ffe
c
t
siz
e
(Co
h
e
n
’s
d
=
4
.
3
2
),
i
n
d
ica
ti
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
ra
m
’s
su
b
sta
n
ti
a
l
im
p
a
c
t.
Th
is
stu
d
y
e
m
p
h
a
siz
e
s
th
e
imp
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
str
u
c
tu
re
d
c
y
b
e
r
sa
fe
ty
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
to
tea
c
h
e
r
train
i
n
g
p
ro
g
ra
m
s
to
b
rid
g
e
t
h
e
g
a
p
b
e
tw
e
e
n
d
ig
it
a
l
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
n
li
n
e
sa
fe
ty
.
Th
e
fi
n
d
i
n
g
s
a
lso
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
b
ro
a
d
e
r
n
e
e
d
fo
r
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
c
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
li
tera
c
y
in
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
c
o
n
tex
ts t
o
fo
ste
r
re
sp
o
n
si
b
le d
i
g
it
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
ADDI
E
m
o
d
el
C
y
b
er
s
af
ety
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
C
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
m
p
eten
cy
E
s
af
ety
On
lin
e
r
is
k
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
San
th
o
s
h
T
h
an
g
an
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Nat
io
n
al
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
alicu
t,
Ker
ala
6
7
3
6
0
1
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: san
th
o
s
h
elap
p
u
lly
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
y
b
er
s
p
ac
e
af
f
o
r
d
s
a
wea
lth
o
f
s
er
v
ices
to
ev
er
y
in
d
iv
id
u
al;
h
o
wev
er
,
it
also
p
r
esen
ts
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
is
k
s
an
d
d
an
g
er
s
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
ately
,
m
an
y
p
e
o
p
le
ar
e
u
n
awa
r
e
o
f
th
ese
r
is
k
s
an
d
lack
th
e
s
k
ills
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
r
o
tec
t
th
em
s
elv
es.
As
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
d
ig
ital
u
s
e
an
d
s
af
ety
g
r
o
ws,
r
aisi
n
g
awa
r
en
ess
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
cr
itical
th
a
n
ev
er
.
A
s
ec
u
r
e
o
n
lin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
d
e
m
an
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
b
u
t
also
a
d
ee
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
k
ills
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
a
d
d
r
ess
an
d
m
itig
ate
th
ese
d
an
g
er
s
[
1
]
.
Stu
d
ies
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
em
p
h
asize
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wi
th
ess
en
tial
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
k
ills
.
W
ell
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
d
iv
er
s
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tea
ch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
e
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
th
e
d
i
g
ital
wo
r
ld
,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
g
u
id
e
cy
b
er
s
p
ac
e
s
af
ely
[
2
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
k
ey
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
cy
b
e
r
s
af
ety
,
cy
b
er
liter
ac
y
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
b
y
en
h
an
cin
g
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
le
’
s
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
a
n
d
co
m
p
eten
ce
in
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
af
ely
.
I
t
ex
te
n
d
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
b
asic
in
ter
n
et
s
k
ills
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
liter
ac
y
,
m
ed
ia
liter
ac
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
liter
ac
y
,
an
d
in
ter
n
et
liter
ac
y
,
all
o
f
wh
ic
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
d
i
g
ital
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
in
g
cy
b
er sa
fety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
a
cy
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms to
en
h
a
n
ce
cy
b
er secu
r
ity
…
(
S
a
n
th
o
s
h
Th
a
n
g
a
n
)
4089
T
h
is
co
m
p
eten
ce
en
ab
les
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
u
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
f
id
en
tly
an
d
cr
itically
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
,
leis
u
r
e
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
ile
also
b
ein
g
awa
r
e
o
f
a
n
d
an
aly
zin
g
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Sev
er
al
g
l
o
b
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
UN
E
SC
O
g
lo
b
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
n
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
s
k
ills
,
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
’
s
Dig
C
o
m
p
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
UNE
SC
O
Me
d
ia
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
L
iter
ac
y
(
MI
L
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
a
n
d
th
e
OE
C
D
s
k
il
ls
r
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
g
u
id
elin
es
to
f
o
s
ter
cy
b
e
r
s
af
ety
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
ess
en
tial
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
.
T
h
ese
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
m
ater
ials
av
ailab
le
b
o
th
o
n
lin
e
an
d
o
f
f
lin
e,
o
f
f
er
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
an
ce
o
n
s
tay
in
g
s
af
e
in
th
e
d
ig
ital sp
ac
e
[
5
]
.
Var
io
u
s
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
wo
r
l
d
wid
e,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
y
b
er
Secu
r
ity
Ag
en
c
y
o
f
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e,
C
E
R
T
I
n
d
ia,
th
e
C
en
tr
al
B
o
ar
d
o
f
Seco
n
d
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
C
en
tr
al
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
I
n
d
ia,
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
h
an
d
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
b
o
o
k
lets
.
I
n
itiativ
es lik
e
I
n
d
ia
’
s
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
Secu
r
ity
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Awa
r
en
ess
(
I
SEA)
p
r
o
ject
b
y
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
(
C
SLP)
.
T
h
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
er
v
e
as e
s
s
en
tial to
o
ls
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
awa
r
en
ess
;
en
s
u
r
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als ar
e
e
q
u
ip
p
ed
with
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
to
n
av
ig
ate
th
e
o
n
lin
e
wo
r
ld
s
af
ely
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
wh
en
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ca
n
b
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
wid
e
s
p
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
c
y
b
er
s
af
et
y
p
r
ac
tices.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
teac
h
er
tr
ain
i
n
g
ce
n
ter
s
,
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
i
n
s
h
ap
in
g
s
o
ciety
’
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
b
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
awa
r
e
n
ess
o
f
s
af
e
o
n
lin
e
p
r
ac
tices.
T
ea
ch
er
s
ar
e
k
ey
to
th
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
as
th
ey
s
er
v
e
as
ca
taly
s
ts
f
o
r
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tin
g
th
eir
s
t
u
d
en
ts
an
d
,
in
tu
r
n
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
s
af
er
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
o
ciety
as
a
wh
o
le.
R
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
th
e
cr
u
cia
l
r
o
le
o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
a
m
o
d
u
le
-
b
ased
C
SLP
tailo
r
ed
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
ce
n
t
r
al
s
cien
tific
q
u
esti
o
n
s
d
r
iv
in
g
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
e
: i)
h
o
w
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
is
th
e
C
SL
P in
en
h
an
cin
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
m
p
eten
cy
(
C
SC
)
am
o
n
g
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
ii)
wh
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
C
S
C
s
h
o
w
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
s
h
a
p
es
b
o
th
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
e
v
alu
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
aim
in
g
to
ass
ess
its
v
alid
ity
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
in
eq
u
ip
p
i
n
g
teac
h
e
r
s
with
th
e
ess
en
tial
s
k
ills
n
ee
d
ed
to
f
o
s
ter
a
s
af
er
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
in
th
ei
r
class
r
o
o
m
s
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
r
elev
an
c
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
n
ee
d
t
o
eq
u
ip
f
u
tu
r
e
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
with
th
e
to
o
ls
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
f
o
s
ter
cy
b
e
r
s
af
ety
in
th
eir
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
well
-
v
er
s
ed
in
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
t
ec
t
th
em
s
elv
es
b
u
t
also
p
ass
o
n
ess
en
tial
s
k
ill
s
to
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
u
lti
p
lier
ef
f
ec
t th
at
en
h
a
n
ce
s
s
o
ciety
’
s
o
v
er
all
d
ig
ital r
esil
ien
ce
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
n
ee
d
b
y
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
a
tailo
r
ed
C
SLP
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ar
e
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
to
h
an
d
le
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ities
o
f
t
h
e
d
ig
ital w
o
r
ld
.
I
n
s
p
ite
o
f
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
e
m
p
h
asis
o
n
cy
b
e
r
s
af
ety
ed
u
ca
tio
n
g
lo
b
ally
,
a
cr
itical
g
ap
p
er
s
is
ts
i
n
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
,
r
esear
c
h
-
b
ased
liter
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
i
n
t
o
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
icu
la,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
t
h
e
I
n
d
ian
co
n
tex
t
[
7
]
.
W
h
ile
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
g
lo
b
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
r
o
ad
g
u
id
elin
es
o
n
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
eten
ce
a
n
d
c
y
b
er
s
af
et
y
,
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
co
n
tex
tu
alizin
g
t
h
ese
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
er
e
i
s
lim
ited
em
p
ir
ical
r
esear
ch
a
s
s
es
s
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
m
o
d
u
le
-
b
ased
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
tailo
r
ed
s
p
ec
if
ically
to
en
h
a
n
ce
C
SC
am
o
n
g
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
ee
k
s
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
at
g
ap
b
y
d
esig
n
in
g
,
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
,
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
a
C
SLP
th
at
is
p
ed
ag
o
g
icall
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
,
co
n
tex
tu
ally
r
elev
a
n
t,
an
d
em
p
ir
ically
test
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
i
n
co
n
tex
tu
alizin
g
g
l
o
b
al
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
eten
ce
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
in
to
a
m
o
d
u
le
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
I
n
d
ian
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
p
r
e
-
p
o
s
t
an
aly
s
is
.
B
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
f
u
tu
r
e
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
ca
lab
le
m
o
d
el
th
at
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
th
er
e
b
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
d
ig
ital saf
ety
f
r
o
m
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
o
u
twar
d
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
a
C
SLP
s
p
ec
if
ically
aim
ed
at
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
r
esear
c
h
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
(
R
&
D)
m
eth
o
d
an
d
it
f
u
r
th
er
i
n
teg
r
ated
an
aly
s
is
,
d
esig
n
,
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
e
v
alu
atio
n
(
ADDI
E
)
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
1
]
.
E
ac
h
m
o
d
u
le
was
cr
af
te
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
ess
en
tial
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
m
p
eten
cies,
with
th
e
co
n
ten
t
tailo
r
e
d
to
m
ee
t
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
te
ac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
was
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
er
t
ev
alu
atio
n
b
y
th
r
ee
v
alid
ato
r
s
,
wh
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
cr
itical
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
r
elev
an
ce
,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
les.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
C
SLP
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
C
SC
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
,
a
p
r
e
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
A
s
in
g
le
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
5
0
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
ain
in
g
c
o
lleg
es
in
Ker
ala,
a
s
tate
in
I
n
d
ia
was
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ized
C
SC
s
ca
le
b
o
th
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
d
et
er
m
in
ed
b
y
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
-
test
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
e
x
ten
t
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
m
p
eten
cies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
4
0
8
8
-
409
8
4090
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
d
e
s
ig
n
in
g
an
d
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
C
SLP,
aim
ed
at
e
n
h
an
cin
g
t
h
e
C
S
C
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
,
i
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
k
ey
s
ta
g
es
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
a
C
SL
P
t
ar
g
eted
at
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
with
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
ev
iew
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
s
u
itab
le
co
n
ten
t.
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
is
th
en
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
en
h
a
n
ce
C
S
C
.
R
el
iab
le
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
im
p
ac
t.
E
x
p
e
r
t
v
alid
atio
n
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
co
n
ten
t
m
ee
ts
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
e
-
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
test
in
g
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ad
o
p
ted
2
.
1
.
Co
ns
t
ruct
io
n a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent
o
f
mo
du
les
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
SLP
m
o
d
u
les
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
an
d
p
h
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
E
ac
h
p
h
ase
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
alig
n
i
n
g
co
n
te
n
t
with
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
g
o
als,
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
elev
a
n
ce
to
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
h
ases
f
o
llo
wed
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Gen
e
r
al
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
P
h
a
se
s
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
1
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
of
t
o
p
i
c
s
of
c
y
b
e
r
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
−
B
a
se
d
on
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
d
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
a
n
d
a
i
ms
−
B
a
se
d
o
n
a
ss
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
s
−
B
a
se
d
on
t
h
e
c
o
r
e
a
r
e
a
s
of
c
y
b
e
r
safet
y
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
2
D
e
si
g
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
−
Th
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
si
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s i
n
t
e
r
ms
o
f
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
−
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
ss
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
c
r
i
p
t
−
P
l
a
n
f
o
r
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
3
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
2
.
1
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
1:
i
dentif
ica
t
io
n a
nd
s
elec
t
io
n
of
cy
ber
s
a
f
et
y
a
nd
s
ec
urit
y
lite
ra
cy
t
o
pics
T
h
e
C
S
L
P
w
a
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
d
i
g
it
a
l
p
r
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
e
s
s
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
b
y
r
a
i
s
i
n
g
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
r
i
s
k
s
,
l
i
n
k
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
t
o
r
e
a
l
l
i
f
e
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
ce
s
,
a
n
d
f
o
s
te
r
i
n
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
o
n
li
n
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
I
t
a
l
s
o
a
i
m
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
c
y
b
e
r
s
o
ci
a
l
i
za
t
io
n
,
e
t
i
q
u
e
t
t
e
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
t
e
ch
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
w
a
r
e
n
es
s
f
o
r
s
a
f
e
d
i
g
i
t
al
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
w
as
b
u
il
t
o
n
k
e
y
as
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
i
ts
v
al
i
d
it
y
a
n
d
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
[
1
2
]
.
I
t
w
a
s
p
r
e
s
u
m
e
d
t
h
at
p
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
iv
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
ll
y
l
a
c
k
a
c
le
a
r
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
t
h
r
e
a
t
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
a
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
es
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
s
p
a
c
e
s
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
e
d
t
h
a
t
a
ct
i
v
e
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
ti
a
l
f
o
r
c
u
l
t
i
v
a
t
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
,
a
k
e
y
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
t
i
n
g
c
y
b
e
r
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
w
a
r
e
n
es
s
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
[
1
3
]
.
W
ith
th
ese
g
u
id
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
clea
r
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
tify
th
e
ess
en
tial
ar
ea
s
o
f
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
elev
an
t
to
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
is
r
ev
iew
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
ec
en
cy
,
o
n
lin
e
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
af
ety
,
an
d
s
af
e
co
m
p
u
ter
/in
ter
n
et
u
s
ag
e
Co
n
d
u
c
t
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
v
iew
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
sa
f
e
ty
a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
y
-
related
li
teratu
re
an
d
id
e
n
ti
f
y
c
o
n
ten
t
e
lem
e
n
ts
re
lev
a
n
t
to
p
ro
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
teach
ers
.
D
e
v
e
lo
p
a s
tru
c
tu
re
d
p
ro
g
ra
m
a
im
e
d
a
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
th
e
c
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
y
o
f
p
ro
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
tea
c
h
e
rs,
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
c
o
n
ten
t.
Co
n
s
tru
c
t
v
a
lid
and
re
liabl
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
to
o
ls
to
m
e
a
su
re
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
.
V
a
li
d
a
te
th
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
d
stru
c
tu
re
th
ro
u
g
h
e
x
p
e
rt
re
v
iew
,
e
n
su
rin
g
a
li
g
n
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sta
n
d
a
rd
s
a
n
d
re
lev
a
n
c
e
to
th
e
targ
e
t
g
ro
u
p
.
Co
n
d
u
c
t
a
p
re
-
tes
t
a
n
d
p
o
st
-
tes
t
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
to
a
ss
e
ss
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
a
n
d
d
e
riv
e
re
su
lt
s b
a
se
d
o
n
s
ta
tistic
a
l
a
n
a
ly
s
is.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
in
g
cy
b
er sa
fety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
a
cy
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms to
en
h
a
n
ce
cy
b
er secu
r
ity
…
(
S
a
n
th
o
s
h
Th
a
n
g
a
n
)
4091
[
1
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
th
e
f
in
al
to
p
ics
f
o
r
th
e
C
SLP
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
m
ajo
r
asp
ec
t
C
S
C
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
to
p
ics an
d
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
u
les.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
o
p
ics an
d
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
u
les
No
To
p
i
c
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
M
o
d
u
l
e
s
1
S
o
c
i
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
sec
u
r
i
t
y
(
S
N
S
)
4
2
D
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
f
a
k
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
(
D
W
F
)
4
3
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
safe
t
y
(
M
P
S
)
4
4
Emai
l
a
n
d
p
a
ssw
o
r
d
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
saf
e
t
y
(
ELS)
8
5
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
f
o
o
t
p
r
i
n
t
(
M
D
F
)
4
6
O
n
l
i
n
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
a
n
d
W
i
-
F
i
s
a
f
e
t
y
(
O
W
S
)
7
7
A
p
p
s
safe
t
y
a
n
d
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
(
A
P
S
)
3
8
W
e
b
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
i
n
g
safe
t
y
(
W
C
S
)
4
9
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
safe
t
y
a
n
d
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
sm
a
n
d
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
i
n
f
r
i
n
g
e
me
n
t
(
D
R
S
)
6
2
.
1
.
2
.
P
ha
s
e
2
:
d
esig
n a
nd
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
pro
g
ra
m
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
liter
ac
y
p
la
n
en
s
u
r
es th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
all
its
tar
g
et
au
d
ien
ce
.
Fo
r
th
is
ex
ten
s
iv
e
s
tep
by
s
tep
p
lan
is
cr
ea
ted
it
is
f
o
r
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
in
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
s
u
b
p
h
ases
,
n
am
ely
:
i)
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
ADDI
E
m
o
d
el
s
tr
ateg
y
in
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
;
ii)
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
th
e
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
;
an
d
iii)
p
lan
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
a.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
ADDI
E
m
o
d
el
s
tr
a
teg
y
in
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
ten
et
o
f
A
DDI
E
is
th
at
all
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
is
t
lear
n
er
s
in
g
ain
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
cr
ea
tin
g
C
SLP
f
o
r
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
,
th
e
m
ain
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
ADDI
E
wer
e
m
e
ticu
lo
u
s
ly
in
teg
r
ated
.
T
h
e
d
eta
iled
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Utilizatio
n
o
f
ADDI
E
m
o
d
el
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
S
t
a
g
e
s
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
a
d
d
r
e
sse
d
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
B
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
i
n
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
p
i
c
s
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
saf
e
t
y
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
.
G
o
a
l
s
t
o
b
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
a
t
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
D
e
si
g
n
P
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
of
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
.
Th
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
its
sm
o
o
t
h
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
.
Th
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
f
o
r
t
e
st
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
f
o
r
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m.
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s.
R
e
v
i
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
u
p
d
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
to
t
h
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
e
d
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
e
.
P
r
e
p
a
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
g
a
t
h
e
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
st
a
n
t
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
h
o
l
e
i
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
(
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
a
c
c
o
mp
l
i
sh
me
n
t
of
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
u
mm
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
.
b.
Stru
ctu
r
in
g
th
e
less
o
n
t
r
an
s
cr
i
p
t
On
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
is
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
a
d
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
ea
ch
asp
ec
t
in
t
h
e
ADDI
E
m
o
d
el
a
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
tem
p
late
w
as
d
esig
n
ed
with
a
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
with
r
e
q
u
i
r
ed
m
ater
ials
[
1
6
]
.
B
lo
o
m
s
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
less
o
n
p
lan
n
in
g
is
f
o
llo
wed
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
less
o
n
tr
a
n
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
e
wh
o
le
less
o
n
p
lan
tem
p
lates
wer
e
o
p
er
atin
g
u
n
d
er
t
h
r
ee
s
eq
u
en
tial
s
tag
es:
p
r
ep
ar
ato
r
y
,
d
eliv
er
y
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
I
t
was
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ato
r
y
s
tag
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
b
jectiv
es
wer
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
d
eliv
e
r
y
s
tag
e
cr
ea
ted
a
d
y
n
am
ic
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tiv
ities
s
u
ch
as
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
b
y
v
a
r
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
els
(
em
ails
,
v
id
eo
s
,
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia)
an
d
lear
n
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
co
n
ce
p
t
n
o
tes,
p
o
s
ter
s
)
.
Fin
ally
,
t
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tag
e
ass
es
s
ed
b
eh
av
io
r
al
ch
an
g
es
in
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
u
s
in
g
o
n
lin
e
q
u
izze
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
C
SC
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
ese
p
h
ases
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
to
g
u
id
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
On
th
e
b
asis
of
th
e
s
eq
u
en
tia
l
s
tag
es
th
e
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
s
p
r
ep
ar
ed
th
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
c
y
b
er
s
af
ety
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
ac
y
m
o
d
u
le
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
.
E
ac
h
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
h
as
s
im
ilar
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
a
n
n
er
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es.
All
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
d
i
s
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
ac
tiv
ity
as
a
co
r
e
s
ec
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
all
k
in
d
s
o
f
cy
b
e
r
d
a
n
g
er
s
d
eser
v
e
b
r
o
ad
d
eb
ate.
T
o
g
u
a
r
an
t
ee
o
b
jectiv
ity
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
f
ew
a
d
d
itio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
wer
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
by
th
e
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
s
.
It
in
cl
u
d
es
a
g
o
o
g
le
s
ite
(
h
ttp
s
://s
ites
.
g
o
o
g
le.
co
m
/v
iew/cy
b
er
s
p
ac
esaf
ety
/ab
o
u
t)
an
d
a
tex
tb
o
o
k
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
th
e
to
p
ics
wh
ich
ar
e
clo
s
ely
r
elate
d
to
th
e
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
T
h
ese
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ac
ted
as
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
4
0
8
8
-
409
8
4092
o
f
th
e
C
SLP
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
th
e
n
in
e
to
p
ics
o
f
cy
b
e
r
s
af
ety
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
wer
e
f
u
r
th
er
s
ep
a
r
ated
in
to
1
2
to
p
ic
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
am
p
le
tem
p
lates o
f
th
e
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
.
c.
Plan
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
n
s
id
er
s
its
el
f
as
an
awa
r
en
ess
in
itiativ
e.
Af
ter
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
lan
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
was
cr
ea
ted
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
ac
tu
al
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
to
th
e
tar
g
ete
d
au
d
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
p
lan
f
o
r
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
was
b
ased
o
n
two
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
p
illar
s
:
p
r
io
r
a
p
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
an
d
a
n
ad
e
q
u
ate
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
clim
ate.
2
.
1
.
3
.
P
ha
s
e
3:
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n o
f
t
he
pro
g
ra
m
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
C
SLP
m
o
d
u
les
f
o
r
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
a
v
alid
ity
an
aly
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
o
f
th
is
a
r
ea
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
,
tr
ain
i
n
g
co
lleg
e
teac
h
er
’
s
cy
b
er
-
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
wer
e
in
th
e
ex
p
er
t
g
r
o
u
p
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
two
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
:
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e.
Qu
alit
ativ
e
d
ata
was
a
n
aly
ze
d
b
y
c
o
llectin
g
co
m
m
en
ts
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
ex
p
e
r
t
v
alid
ato
r
s
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
was
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
co
r
e
f
r
o
m
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
h
ee
t
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
to
ev
alu
ate
v
alid
ity
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ex
p
e
r
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
in
v
o
lv
in
g
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
es
an
d
s
ettin
g
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
First,
th
e
s
co
r
es
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
v
alid
ato
r
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ex
p
er
t
s
ar
e
co
llected
.
T
h
ese
s
co
r
es
ar
e
th
en
s
u
m
m
e
d
u
p
an
d
d
iv
id
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
co
r
es
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
.
A
b
e
n
c
h
m
ar
k
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
.
3
0
is
estab
lis
h
ed
to
ca
teg
o
r
ize
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
:
if
th
e
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
m
ee
ts
o
r
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
is
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
,
th
e
v
alid
ity
is
d
ee
m
ed
“g
o
o
d
”;
o
th
er
wis
e,
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
“n
ee
d
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.”
T
h
e
v
alid
a
tio
n
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
e:
i)
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
c
y
b
er
s
a
f
ety
co
n
ce
p
ts
;
ii)
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
p
r
ac
tices;
iii)
cr
ea
tiv
e
th
in
k
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies;
iv
)
lear
n
er
s
in
itiati
o
n
;
v
)
o
r
ien
tatio
n
to
war
d
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
C
SLP;
an
d
v
i)
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
t
v
alid
atio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
C
SLP m
o
d
u
le,
as p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
4
,
r
ev
ea
l a
co
m
m
en
d
a
b
le
lev
el
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
e
x
p
er
ts
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
te
ac
h
er
s
,
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
als,
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
co
lleg
e
teac
h
er
s
all
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
d
th
eir
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
an
o
v
e
r
all
p
o
s
itiv
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t.
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
an
av
e
r
ag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
.
3
3
,
wh
ile
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als o
f
f
er
ed
a
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
av
er
ag
e
o
f
3
.
4
1
.
No
tab
ly
,
tr
ain
in
g
c
o
lleg
e
teac
h
er
s
r
ated
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
th
e
h
ig
h
est,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
.
4
0
.
E
ac
h
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
s
co
r
es
wer
e
ca
te
g
o
r
i
ze
d
as
‘
g
o
o
d
,
’
r
e
f
lectin
g
a
h
i
g
h
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
af
f
ir
m
th
e
m
o
d
u
le’
s
ef
f
icac
y
b
u
t
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
its
b
r
o
ad
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
awa
r
en
ess
o
n
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
m
p
eten
cies.
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Stag
es in
th
e
less
o
n
tr
an
s
cr
ip
t
•
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
Ov
e
r
v
i
e
w
:
A
b
r
i
e
f
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
of
t
h
e
se
l
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
p
i
c
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
of
t
h
e
su
b
j
e
c
t
mat
t
e
r
.
•
Ob
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
:
B
r
o
a
d
s
t
a
t
e
me
n
t
s
g
u
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
si
g
n
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m,
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
w
i
l
l
g
a
i
n
f
r
o
m
st
u
d
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
o
p
i
c
.
1
st
S
tag
e
:
P
re
p
a
ra
to
ry
S
tag
e
-
F
o
rm
u
latin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
s
•
M
o
d
e
of
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
:
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
i
ms
to
e
n
g
a
g
e
t
h
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
w
e
r
e
e
mp
l
o
y
e
d
in
t
h
e
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
st
a
g
e
D
i
scu
ssi
o
n
,
D
e
mo
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
P
r
e
se
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
B
r
a
i
n
st
o
r
mi
n
g
,
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
-
so
l
v
i
n
g
.
•
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
of
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
C
o
m
mu
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
me
d
i
u
m
t
h
a
t
is
u
se
d
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
.
F
o
r
t
h
i
s
t
a
r
g
e
t
e
d
,
e
mai
l
b
r
o
a
d
c
a
st
i
n
g
,
v
i
d
e
o
s,
so
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
,
p
r
i
n
t
e
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s,
n
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
l
e
r
t
s
i
n
st
a
n
t
me
ssag
i
n
g
w
e
r
e
u
se
d
.
•
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
h
e
r
e
me
a
n
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
u
se
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
of
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
in
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
S
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
a
r
e
u
se
d
in
e
a
c
h
s
t
a
g
e
of
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
of
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s
n
o
t
e
s
,
sl
i
d
e
s,
p
r
i
n
t
e
d
mat
e
r
i
a
l
s,
r
e
a
l
-
l
i
f
e
st
o
r
i
e
s,
p
o
st
e
r
s,
f
l
a
y
e
r
s,
a
n
d
n
e
w
sl
e
t
t
e
r
s
.
2
nd
S
tag
e
:
De
li
v
e
ry
S
tag
e
-
Cre
a
ti
n
g
lea
rn
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
•
E
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
:
T
h
e
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
o
u
t
c
o
me
is
a
c
l
e
a
r
st
a
t
e
me
n
t
of
w
h
a
t
a
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
is
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
to
d
o
,
k
n
o
w
a
b
o
u
t
,
a
n
d
/
o
r
v
a
l
u
e
at
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
of
a
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
t
o
p
i
c
of
st
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
se
o
u
t
c
o
me
s
a
r
e
i
mm
e
d
i
a
t
e
l
y
me
a
su
r
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
mp
l
e
t
i
o
n
of
e
a
c
h
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
h
a
s
t
a
u
g
h
t
.
•
A
ssessm
e
n
t
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
:
T
h
e
se
a
r
e
t
h
e
t
o
o
l
s
u
se
d
to
me
a
su
r
e
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
o
u
t
c
o
me
of
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
.
It
is
u
se
d
to
asse
ss
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
a
l
e
ar
n
e
r
af
t
e
r
su
cc
e
e
d
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
ss
of
l
e
ar
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
v
e
sti
g
at
o
r
s
r
e
l
i
e
d
on
o
n
l
i
n
e
q
u
i
z
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
to
v
e
r
i
f
y
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
of
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
3
rd
S
tag
e
:
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
S
tag
e
-
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
c
h
a
n
g
e
of
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
in
g
cy
b
er sa
fety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
a
cy
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms to
en
h
a
n
ce
cy
b
er secu
r
ity
…
(
S
a
n
th
o
s
h
Th
a
n
g
a
n
)
4093
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sam
p
le
less
o
n
tr
a
n
s
cr
ip
t
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
v
alid
atio
n
Ex
p
e
r
t
s
S
c
o
r
e
f
r
o
m
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
o
r
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
s
c
o
r
e
s
R
e
mar
k
s
I
II
III
IV
V
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
sc
i
e
n
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
3
.
2
5
3
.
4
6
3
.
2
5
3
.
3
2
3
.
36
3
.
3
3
G
o
o
d
C
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
s
3
.
1
1
3
.
42
3
.
69
3
.
3
2
3
.
5
3
3
.
4
1
G
o
o
d
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
3
.
4
4
3
.
2
2
3
.
4
3
3
.
2
5
3
.
6
7
3
.
4
0
G
o
o
d
2
.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
iv
eness
o
f
m
o
du
le
ba
s
ed
CSL
P
i
n
a
ug
m
ent
ing
cy
ber
s
ec
urit
y
co
m
pet
ency
T
o
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
-
b
ased
C
SLP,
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
was
ass
ess
ed
twice:
o
n
ce
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
an
d
ag
ain
p
o
s
t
-
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
with
n
o
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
A
C
S
C
s
ca
le
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
9
3
item
s
(
7
9
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
1
4
n
eg
ativ
e
s
tatem
en
ts
)
,
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
A
3
-
p
o
in
t
s
co
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
was
ap
p
lied
,
with
s
ep
ar
ate
s
co
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ati
v
e
item
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
ca
le
was
r
ef
in
ed
to
7
8
item
s
(
7
2
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
6
n
eg
ativ
e)
,
co
v
er
in
g
n
in
e
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
C
SC
.
I
t
was
r
etain
ed
f
o
r
f
in
al
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
to
p
ic
wis
e
b
r
ea
k
u
p
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
item
s
in
t
h
e
s
ca
le
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
wa
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
a
n
d
s
p
lit
-
h
alf
co
r
r
elatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
r
ev
is
ed
s
ca
le.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
r
esu
lt
s
,
with
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
o
f
.
9
0
6
an
d
a
s
p
lit
-
h
alf
co
r
r
elatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
.
8
5
1
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
ca
le,
th
e
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
to
ass
es
s
it
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
a
s
tr
o
n
g
m
o
d
el
f
it,
with
a
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
(
²)
v
alu
e
o
f
1
4
5
.
7
2
(
p
=.
1
9
6
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
tatis
tica
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
k
ey
f
it
in
d
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
f
it
in
d
e
x
(
C
FI)
o
f
.
9
4
5
,
a
T
u
ck
e
r
–
L
ewi
s
I
n
d
ex
(
T
L
I
)
o
f
.
9
2
7
,
an
d
a
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
a
r
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A)
o
f
.
0
6
7
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
e
s
ca
le’
s
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
co
lle
ctiv
ely
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
s
ca
le
is
b
o
th
r
eliab
le
an
d
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
C
S
C
am
o
n
g
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
4
0
8
8
-
409
8
4094
T
ab
le
5
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
wis
e
b
r
ea
k
u
p
o
f
item
s
in
th
e
s
ca
le
No
To
p
i
c
s
F
i
n
a
l
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
i
t
e
ms
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
1
S
o
c
i
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
sec
u
r
i
t
y
9
9
0
2
D
e
a
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
f
a
k
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
8
6
2
3
M
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
safe
t
y
10
9
1
4
Emai
l
a
n
d
p
a
ssw
o
r
d
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
saf
e
t
y
8
8
0
5
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
f
o
o
t
p
r
i
n
t
8
7
1
6
O
n
l
i
n
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
a
n
d
W
i
-
F
i
s
a
f
e
t
y
8
7
1
7
A
p
p
s
safe
t
y
a
n
d
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
10
10
0
8
W
e
b
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
i
n
g
safe
t
y
7
6
1
9
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
safe
t
y
a
n
d
p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
sm
a
n
d
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
i
n
f
r
i
n
g
e
me
n
t
10
10
0
To
t
a
l
78
72
6
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
-
test
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
s
an
d
p
air
ed
-
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
s
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
C
SLP
o
n
C
SC
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
.
Ad
d
i
tio
n
ally
,
C
o
h
en
’
s
d
was
ca
lcu
lated
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
im
p
ac
t.
All
s
tat
is
tical
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
2
3
.
0
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
-
test
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
s
co
r
es
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
6
,
wh
ic
h
s
h
o
ws a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
co
m
p
eten
c
y
lev
els f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
.
T
ab
le
6
.
Me
an
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
C
SC
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
Pre
-
t
e
st
P
o
st
-
t
e
st
t
(
4
9
)
p
r
C
o
h
e
n
’
s
d
M
1
SD
1
M
2
SD
2
C
S
C
9
1
.
2
2
1
3
.
5
5
1
2
7
.
6
6
8
.
0
7
3
0
.
5
5
.
0
0
.
8
1
*
*
4
.
3
2
N
=
5
0
;
*
*
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
t
0
.
0
1
l
e
v
e
l
T
ab
le
6
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
C
S
C
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
test
m
e
an
s
co
r
e
(
M
1
=9
1
.
2
2
,
SD1
=
1
3
.
5
5
)
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
t
o
a
p
o
s
t
-
test
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
(
M2
=1
2
7
.
6
6
,
SD2
=8
.
0
7
)
af
ter
th
e
C
SLP
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
t
-
test
[
t(
4
9
)
=3
0
.
5
5
,
p
<.
0
1
]
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
is
in
c
r
ea
s
e
is
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
C
SLP
h
ad
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
C
S
C
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
h
ig
h
co
r
r
elatio
n
(
r
=
.
8
1
,
p
<.
0
1
)
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
e
-
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
s
co
r
es
s
u
g
g
ests
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
atter
n
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
C
o
h
en
’
s
d
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
3
2
,
wh
ich
is
well
ab
o
v
e
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
.
8
0
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
v
er
y
lar
g
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
C
SLP
m
o
d
u
les
h
ad
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial a
n
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l im
p
ac
t o
n
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
k
ills
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
te
ac
h
er
s
.
T
a
b
le
7
r
e
v
ea
ls
t
h
e
m
ea
n
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
r
e
an
d
p
o
s
t
t
es
t
s
c
o
r
es
o
f
C
SC
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
All
n
i
n
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
C
SC
s
h
o
w
e
d
s
tatis
t
ic
all
y
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
-
tes
t
t
o
p
o
s
t
-
test
s
c
o
r
es
,
i
n
d
i
ca
t
in
g
th
e
ef
f
e
cti
v
en
ess
o
f
t
h
e
C
SL
P
i
n
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
c
y
b
e
r
s
e
cu
r
it
y
a
wa
r
e
n
ess
a
n
d
p
r
a
cti
c
es
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
t
iv
e
tea
ch
er
s
.
F
o
r
s
o
ci
al
n
etw
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
a
f
e
ty
(
S
NS)
,
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
i
n
c
r
e
ase
d
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
6
8
(
S
D=
1
.
6
7
)
to
1
5
.
7
0
(
SD=
1
.
4
7
)
,
wit
h
t
(
4
9
)
=1
8
.
8
8
,
r
=
.
5
4
,
a
n
d
C
o
h
en
’
s
d
=
2
.
6
7
.
D
ea
li
n
g
wi
th
f
ak
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
(
DW
F)
als
o
s
h
o
we
d
a
r
is
e
f
r
o
m
9
.
3
6
(
S
D=
2
.
4
5
)
t
o
1
3
.
0
2
(
SD
=
1
.
5
9
)
,
t
(
4
9
)
=1
3
.
4
5
,
r
=
.
6
2
,
d
=
1
.
9
0
.
M
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
(
MPS)
s
co
r
es
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
5
0
(
SD=2
.
6
3
)
t
o
1
5
.
6
0
(
SD=
1
.
8
9
)
,
wit
h
t
(
4
9
)
=1
2
.
9
2
,
r
=
.
5
5
,
an
d
d
=
1
.
8
3
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
tal
f
o
o
t
p
r
i
n
t
(
MD
F)
,
th
e
s
c
o
r
es
r
o
s
e
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
t
ly
f
r
o
m
8
.
4
8
(
S
D=
2
.
3
0
)
t
o
1
3
.
0
8
(
SD
=1
.
6
6
)
,
t(
4
9
)
=1
9
.
8
1
,
r
=.
7
0
,
d
=
2
.
8
0
.
O
n
li
n
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
a
n
d
W
i
-
Fi s
af
et
y
(
OW
S
)
i
n
c
r
e
ase
d
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
4
4
(
SD=
1
.
7
6
)
t
o
1
4
.
3
6
(
SD=
.
7
4
)
,
t
(
4
9
)
=
1
3
.
5
5
,
r
=
.
5
1
,
d
=
1
.
9
2
.
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
af
et
y
(
APS)
s
h
o
we
d
m
ar
k
ed
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
1
1
.
6
6
(
SD=
1
.
7
6
)
t
o
1
6
.
0
0
(
SD
=1
.
9
4
)
,
w
it
h
t
(
4
9
)
=
2
2
.
4
9
,
r
=
.
7
4
,
d
=
3
.
1
8
.
W
eb
co
n
f
e
r
e
n
ci
n
g
s
af
et
y
(
W
C
S
)
r
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
7
.
5
8
(
S
D=
2
.
3
6
)
to
1
1
.
7
4
(
S
D
=1
.
3
3
)
,
t(
4
9
)
=
1
5
.
6
6
,
r
=
.
6
1
,
d
=2
.
2
2
.
Di
g
it
al
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
r
es
o
u
r
c
es
s
af
et
y
(
DR
S)
s
co
r
es
i
n
c
r
e
ase
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
.
5
6
(
SD=2
.
9
5
)
t
o
1
5
.
2
2
(
S
D=
2
.
1
7
)
,
t
(
4
9
)
=
1
8
.
7
5
,
r
=
.
8
0
,
d
=2
.
6
5
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
e
m
a
il
s
a
f
et
y
(
E
L
S)
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
8
.
9
6
(
SD=2
.
5
0
)
t
o
1
3
.
0
6
(
SD
=
1
.
6
3
)
,
w
it
h
t(
4
9
)
=
1
3
.
7
9
,
r
=
.
5
5
,
a
n
d
d
=1
.
9
5
.
Al
l
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
we
r
e
s
tat
is
ti
ca
ll
y
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
at
p
<
.
0
1
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
la
r
g
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
izes
ac
r
o
s
s
a
ll
d
o
m
ai
n
s
r
e
f
l
ec
t
th
e
s
u
b
s
ta
n
ti
al
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
n
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
C
SC
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
t
iv
e
tea
c
h
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
f
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
l
l
i
n
g
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
o
f
m
o
d
u
l
e
-
C
S
L
P
s
i
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
co
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
e
ct
i
v
e
t
ea
c
h
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
is
ti
c
a
ll
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
m
e
a
n
s
c
o
r
e
s
,
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
w
it
h
la
r
g
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
i
z
es
,
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
ts
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
ti
v
e
p
o
t
e
n
t
ia
l
o
f
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
a
n
d
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
s
o
u
n
d
l
i
t
e
r
ac
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
i
n
b
r
i
d
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
a
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
d
i
g
i
t
al
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
o
n
li
n
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
es
u
l
ts
a
f
f
i
r
m
a
n
d
e
x
t
e
n
d
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
r
es
e
ar
c
h
s
u
g
g
e
s
ti
n
g
t
h
a
t
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
,
w
el
l
-
t
a
r
g
et
e
d
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
c
a
n
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
l
y
e
l
e
v
a
t
e
a
wa
r
e
n
e
s
s
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
s
a
f
e
t
y
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
A
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
at
i
n
g
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
l
i
es
in
i
t
s
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
w
i
s
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
w
h
i
c
h
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
d
e
e
p
e
r
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
n
u
a
n
c
e
d
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
s
p
e
ci
f
i
c
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
ce
i
m
p
a
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
in
g
cy
b
er sa
fety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
a
cy
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms to
en
h
a
n
ce
cy
b
er secu
r
ity
…
(
S
a
n
th
o
s
h
Th
a
n
g
a
n
)
4095
C
S
L
P
.
U
n
l
i
k
e
m
a
n
y
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
o
f
f
e
r
o
n
l
y
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
,
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
d
e
n
ti
f
i
es
d
i
s
t
i
n
c
t
g
ai
n
s
a
c
r
o
s
s
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
S
N
S
(
C
o
h
e
n
’
s
d
=
2
.
6
7
)
,
DW
F
(
1
.
9
0
)
,
M
P
S
(
1
.
8
3
)
,
M
D
F
(
2
.
8
0
)
,
OW
S
(
1
.
9
2
)
,
A
PS
(
3
.
1
8
)
,
W
C
S
(
2
.
2
2
)
,
DR
S
(
2
.
6
5
)
,
a
n
d
ELS
(
1
.
9
5
)
.
T
h
e
s
e
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
ti
a
l
e
f
f
e
ct
s
i
z
es
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
’
s
h
o
l
is
t
i
c
i
m
p
a
ct
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
t
r
o
n
g
c
o
r
r
e
la
t
i
o
n
s
b
et
w
e
e
n
p
r
e
-
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
t
e
s
t
s
c
o
r
es
(
r
=
.
5
1
t
o
.
8
1
)
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
e
s
t
a
b
l
is
h
t
h
e
r
el
i
a
b
i
lit
y
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
[
2
0
]
.
T
ab
le
7
.
Me
an
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
C
S
C
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
C
S
C
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
Pre
-
t
e
st
P
o
st
-
t
e
st
t
(
4
9
)
p
r
C
o
h
e
n
’
s
d
M
1
SD
1
M
2
SD
2
S
N
S
1
1
.
6
8
1
.
6
7
1
5
.
7
0
1
.
4
7
1
8
.
8
8
.
0
0
.
5
4
*
*
2
.
6
7
D
W
F
9
.
3
6
2
.
4
5
1
3
.
0
2
1
.
5
6
1
3
.
4
5
.
0
0
.
6
2
*
*
1
.
9
0
M
P
S
1
1
.
5
0
2
.
6
3
1
5
.
6
0
1
.
8
9
1
2
.
9
2
.
0
0
.
5
5
*
*
1
.
8
3
M
D
F
8
.
4
8
2
.
3
0
1
3
.
0
8
1
.
6
6
1
9
.
8
1
.
0
0
.
7
0
*
*
2
.
8
0
O
W
S
1
1
.
4
4
1
.
7
6
1
4
.
3
6
.
7
4
1
3
.
5
5
.
0
0
.
5
1
*
*
1
.
9
2
A
P
S
1
1
.
6
6
1
.
8
5
1
6
.
0
0
1
.
9
4
2
2
.
4
9
.
0
0
.
7
4
*
*
3
.
1
8
W
C
S
7
.
5
8
2
.
3
6
1
1
.
7
4
1
.
3
3
1
5
.
6
6
8
.
0
0
.
6
1
*
*
2
.
2
2
D
R
S
1
0
.
5
6
2
.
9
5
1
5
.
2
2
2
.
1
7
1
8
.
7
5
.
0
0
.
8
0
*
*
2
.
6
5
ELS
8
.
9
6
2
.
5
0
1
3
.
0
6
1
.
6
3
1
3
.
7
9
.
0
0
.
5
5
*
*
1
.
9
5
N
=
5
0
;
*
*
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
t
0
.
0
1
l
e
v
e
l
An
o
th
er
u
n
iq
u
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
its
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
ADDI
E
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
l
d
esig
n
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
C
SLP.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
ea
r
li
er
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
lack
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
th
e
ADDI
E
m
o
d
el
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
b
o
th
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
lear
n
e
r
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
v
alid
ated
m
o
d
el
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
cr
ea
tin
g
en
g
a
g
in
g
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
lear
n
er
s
’
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
alig
n
s
with
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
al
d
esig
n
r
esear
ch
ad
v
o
ca
ti
n
g
f
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
lan
n
in
g
to
o
p
tim
ize
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Me
a
n
w
h
il
e,
th
e
b
r
ea
d
t
h
a
n
d
r
ele
v
a
n
c
e
o
f
co
n
t
en
t
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
C
SLP
is
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
d
ef
in
i
n
g
f
ea
t
u
r
e
th
a
t
a
m
p
li
f
ies
i
ts
p
r
a
cti
ca
l
u
ti
l
ity
.
A
d
d
r
ess
in
g
a
wi
d
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
th
em
es
f
r
o
m
p
ass
wo
r
d
s
a
f
e
ty
an
d
d
i
g
it
al
f
o
o
t
p
r
i
n
ts
t
o
a
p
p
lic
ati
o
n
a
n
d
e
m
ai
l
s
e
cu
r
it
y
,
t
h
e
C
S
L
P
r
e
f
le
cts
a
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
cy
b
e
r
s
af
et
y
as
a
m
u
lti
f
a
ce
t
e
d
co
m
p
et
e
n
ce
.
T
h
i
s
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
e
m
p
o
w
er
s
p
r
o
s
p
e
cti
v
e
tea
c
h
e
r
s
n
o
t
j
u
s
t
t
o
p
r
o
t
ec
t
th
e
m
s
e
lv
es
i
n
d
i
g
i
tal
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
b
u
t
als
o
to
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
ly
e
d
u
ca
te
a
n
d
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
t
h
ei
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
to
wa
r
d
s
af
er
d
i
g
it
al
p
r
a
cti
ce
s
.
Su
c
h
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
c
y
b
er
et
h
ics
a
n
d
s
af
et
y
in
to
t
ea
ch
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
h
o
l
d
s
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ati
v
e
p
o
te
n
ti
al
,
as
it
i
n
s
ti
lls
a
c
u
l
tu
r
e
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
o
u
tw
ar
d
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
e
m
p
h
asiz
es
t
h
e
c
r
i
ti
ca
l
r
o
le
o
f
te
ac
h
e
r
s
as
d
i
g
it
al
r
o
le
m
o
d
els
a
n
d
ca
tal
y
s
ts
f
o
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
al
c
h
a
n
g
e
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
co
m
p
et
e
n
ci
es
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
a
m
o
n
g
p
a
r
t
ici
p
an
ts
s
u
g
g
est
t
h
at
em
p
o
we
r
i
n
g
f
u
tu
r
e
e
d
u
ca
t
o
r
s
w
it
h
d
i
g
it
al
l
ite
r
a
c
y
is
ess
e
n
ti
al
i
n
cu
l
ti
v
at
in
g
cy
b
er
-
a
wa
r
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
I
t
als
o
em
p
h
asiz
es
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
al
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
r
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
t
o
k
ee
p
p
ac
e
wit
h
t
h
e
ev
o
l
v
i
n
g
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
cy
b
e
r
t
h
r
e
ats
a
n
d
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
es
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ac
ti
v
e
s
t
an
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
li
f
el
o
n
g
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
m
i
n
d
s
ets
am
o
n
g
e
d
u
c
at
o
r
s
,
a
c
r
u
cia
l
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
2
1
s
t
-
c
en
tu
r
y
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
On
a
b
r
o
a
d
er
lev
el,
t
h
e
im
p
lic
atio
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
ex
te
n
d
b
ey
o
n
d
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
As
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
b
ec
o
m
e
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
,
em
b
ed
d
in
g
C
SLPs
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
wo
r
k
p
lace
cu
r
r
icu
la
b
ec
o
m
e
s
n
o
t
ju
s
t
r
elev
an
t
b
u
t
ess
en
tial.
Su
ch
in
itiativ
es
h
elp
m
itig
ate
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies,
r
ed
u
ce
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
a
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
cy
b
er
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ig
ital c
itizen
s
h
ip
[
2
7
]
–
[
3
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
C
SLP
in
eq
u
i
p
p
in
g
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
with
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
eten
cies
to
n
a
v
ig
ate
an
d
th
r
iv
e
in
an
in
c
r
e
asin
g
ly
d
ig
ital
wo
r
ld
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
ADDI
E
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
v
alid
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
p
r
e
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
th
e
C
SLP
p
r
o
v
e
d
to
b
e
b
o
th
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
ly
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
p
r
ac
tically
im
p
a
ctf
u
l.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
o
m
ain
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
m
o
b
il
e
s
af
ety
an
d
em
ail
s
ec
u
r
ity
t
o
d
ig
ital
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
web
co
n
f
er
e
n
cin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
tar
g
ets
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
h
o
lis
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
lear
n
e
r
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
f
o
cu
s
.
B
y
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
C
SC
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
e
r
s
,
th
e
C
SLP
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
e
p
ar
es
th
em
to
ac
t
as
d
ig
itally
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
b
u
t
also
em
p
o
wer
s
th
em
to
s
er
v
e
as
r
o
le
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
af
er
d
ig
ital
p
r
ac
tices
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
r
ip
p
le
ef
f
ec
ts
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
f
o
s
ter
a
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
cy
b
er
awa
r
e
n
ess
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
a
d
v
o
ca
tes
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
,
c
o
n
t
ex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
cy
b
er
s
af
ety
ed
u
c
atio
n
in
to
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
a
r
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
n
o
t
as
an
o
p
tio
n
al
ad
d
itio
n
,
b
u
t
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
elem
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c,
Vo
l
.
1
4
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
4
0
8
8
-
409
8
4096
tr
ain
in
g
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
m
ain
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
s
u
c
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
s
ec
to
r
s
ca
n
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
d
ig
ital
s
k
ill
g
ap
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
b
u
i
ld
in
g
a
s
af
er
,
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ig
ital
s
o
ciety
.
I
n
an
er
a
o
f
r
ap
i
d
ly
ev
o
lv
in
g
cy
b
er
th
r
ea
ts
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
,
s
ca
lab
le,
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
s
lik
e
th
e
C
SLP
ar
e
es
s
en
tial.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
s
u
ch
in
itiativ
es
with
in
b
r
o
ad
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
will
b
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
em
ain
a
k
e
y
f
o
r
ce
in
cu
ltiv
atin
g
cy
b
e
r
-
awa
r
e,
et
h
ically
s
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
d
ig
itally
r
esil
ien
t c
itizen
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
2
1
s
t c
en
tu
r
y
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
No
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
o
u
r
ce
is
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
San
th
o
s
h
T
h
an
g
an
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
T
h
iy
ag
u
Kaliap
p
an
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Vr
in
d
a
Vijay
an
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ven
u
k
an
ti Sai
Ab
h
in
a
v
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ash
alath
a
Sh
an
th
ip
alla
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
n
o
c
o
n
f
lict o
f
in
ter
est
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
e
h
av
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t f
r
o
m
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als in
c
lu
d
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r
[
ST
]
,
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
R
.
A
.
M.
La
h
c
e
n
,
B
.
C
a
u
l
k
i
n
s
,
R
.
M
o
h
a
p
a
t
r
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
K
u
mar,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
o
n
t
h
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
”
C
y
b
e
rs
e
c
u
ri
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s4
2
4
0
0
-
0
2
0
-
0
0
0
5
0
-
w.
[
2
]
S
.
S
u
d
a
r
m
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
A
r
d
i
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
M
o
d
u
l
e
To
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
C
e
n
t
e
r
e
d
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
Ak
a
d
e
m
i
k
a
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
7
–
9
2
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
4
0
0
5
/
a
k
a
d
e
m
i
k
a
.
v
1
0
i
0
1
.
1
3
4
4
.
[
3
]
L.
K
a
j
e
e
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
L
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
:
a
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
f
o
r
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
L
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
i
n
C
l
a
ssr
o
o
ms
,
”
i
n
ED
U
L
EAR
N
1
6
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
6
3
8
0
–
6
3
8
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
1
2
5
/
e
d
u
l
e
a
r
n
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
3
7
4
.
[
4
]
L.
P
a
n
,
S
.
u
l
H
a
q
,
X
.
S
h
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
N
a
d
e
e
m,
“
Th
e
I
mp
a
c
t
o
f
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
n
t
h
e
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
:
Ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
R
o
l
e
o
f
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
H
i
g
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
,
”
S
AG
E
O
p
e
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
9
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
2
1
5
8
2
4
4
0
2
4
1
2
6
5
9
1
9
.
[
5
]
K
.
W
a
l
s
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
B
e
s
t
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
F
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
O
n
l
i
n
e
S
a
f
e
t
y
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
R
e
su
l
t
s fr
o
m
a
r
a
p
i
d
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
e
x
p
e
r
t
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
l
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
-
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
I
n
t
e
ra
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
p
.
1
0
0
4
7
4
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
c
c
i
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
0
4
7
4
.
[
6
]
O
.
S
.
A
h
me
d
,
S
.
A
.
N
a
sef,
A
.
Z
.
A
l
R
a
w
a
s
h
d
e
h
,
a
n
d
M
.
E.
E
l
t
a
h
i
r
,
“
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
’
s
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
c
y
b
e
r
sec
u
r
i
t
y
:
A
C
a
se
S
t
u
d
y
,
”
T
u
rk
i
sh
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
a
n
d
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
T
U
RC
O
MA
T
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
5
1
4
8
–
5
1
5
6
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
7
7
6
2
/
t
u
r
c
o
m
a
t
.
v
1
2
i
1
0
.
5
2
9
7
.
[
7
]
S
.
S.
B
a
j
w
a
,
“
N
e
e
d
o
f
M
e
d
i
a
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
L
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
i
n
C
y
b
e
r
C
r
i
me
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
(
I
J
S
R)
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
6
0
5
–
2
6
0
8
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
2
7
5
/
sr
2
3
6
2
5
2
0
5
5
0
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Desig
n
in
g
cy
b
er sa
fety
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
liter
a
cy
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms to
en
h
a
n
ce
cy
b
er secu
r
ity
…
(
S
a
n
th
o
s
h
Th
a
n
g
a
n
)
4097
[
8
]
H
.
Ti
n
m
a
z
,
Y
.
T
.
L
e
e
,
M
.
F
.
I
v
a
n
o
v
i
c
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
B
a
b
e
r
,
“
A
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
,
”
S
m
a
rt
L
e
a
rn
i
n
g
E
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
–
1
8
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
0
5
6
1
-
0
2
2
-
0
0
2
0
4
-
y.
[
9
]
D
.
B
e
n
d
l
e
r
a
n
d
M
.
F
e
l
d
e
r
e
r
,
“
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
M
o
d
e
l
s fo
r
I
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
C
y
b
e
r
sec
u
r
i
t
y
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
s:
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
Ex
i
st
i
n
g
W
o
r
k
a
n
d
a
N
e
w
M
o
d
e
l
,
”
A
C
M
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/
3
5
7
3
2
0
5
.
[
1
0
]
M
.
M
u
k
h
e
r
j
e
e
,
N
.
T
.
L
e
,
Y
.
W
.
C
h
o
w
,
a
n
d
W
.
S
u
s
i
l
o
,
“
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
t
o
C
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
:
A
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
s
a
n
d
O
u
t
c
o
mes,
”
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
1
7
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
n
f
o
1
5
0
2
0
1
1
7
.
[
1
1
]
R
.
L
u
o
,
J
.
Li
,
X
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
D
.
T
i
a
n
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
a
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
b
l
e
n
d
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
A
D
D
I
E
mo
d
e
l
i
n
n
u
r
s
i
n
g
st
a
f
f
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
o
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
s
p
e
c
t
s,
”
Fr
o
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
p
.
1
4
1
3
0
3
2
,
Ju
n
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
m
e
d
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
4
1
3
0
3
2
.
[
1
2
]
V
.
A
.
K
o
l
u
p
a
e
v
,
“
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
a
ss
u
mp
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
t
ru
c
t
u
re
d
M
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
–
1
5
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
3
-
319
-
7
3
0
4
9
-
3
_
8
.
[
1
3
]
H
.
Jo
a
n
d
H
.
Y
.
A
h
n
,
“
U
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
,
”
D
i
sc
o
v
e
r
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
2
3
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
0
7
9
1
-
0
2
4
-
0
9
4
5
5
-
4.
[
1
4
]
A
.
K
a
b
a
n
,
“
S
e
c
u
r
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
U
se
i
n
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s a
n
d
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
C
o
u
r
se
T
e
x
t
b
o
o
k
s a
t
P
r
i
mar
y
a
n
d
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
S
c
h
o
o
l
s,”
At
h
e
n
s J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
7
–
5
2
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
0
9
5
8
/
a
j
e
.
8
-
1
-
3.
[
1
5
]
N
.
A
.
K
h
a
i
r
u
n
n
i
s
a
,
M
.
A
.
R
a
h
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
C
.
H
a
n
d
r
i
a
n
t
o
,
“
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
L
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
I
n
s
i
d
e
a
n
d
O
u
t
s
i
d
e
C
l
a
s
s
t
o
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
S
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
S
k
i
l
l
s
,
”
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
:
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
2
3
3
2
/
j
o
e
l
t
.
v
1
0
i
1
.
3
7
9
0
.
[
1
6
]
A
.
G
.
S
p
a
t
i
o
t
i
a
n
d
I
.
K
a
z
a
n
i
d
i
s,
“
A
C
o
mp
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
A
D
D
I
E
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
D
e
si
g
n
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
D
i
st
a
n
c
e
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
.
4
0
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
n
f
o
1
3
0
9
0
4
0
2
.
[
1
7
]
A
.
A
i
t
h
a
l
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
A
i
t
h
a
l
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
u
r
v
e
y
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
&
E
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
D
a
t
a
–
A
S
y
s
t
e
ma
t
i
c
a
l
R
e
v
i
e
w
-
b
a
s
e
d
S
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
a
l
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
I
J
MT
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
3
3
–
2
5
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
7
9
9
2
/
i
j
mt
s.
2
5
8
1
.
6
0
1
2
.
0
1
1
6
.
[
1
8
]
L.
To
m
c
z
y
k
a
n
d
L.
E
g
e
r
,
“
O
n
l
i
n
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
a
s
a
n
e
w
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
i
t
e
r
a
c
y
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
p
e
o
p
l
e
,
”
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
–
1
8
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
5
5
0
7
/
1
9
9
1
-
9
4
6
8
.
0
9
9
.
0
2
4
.
2
0
2
0
0
2
.
1
7
2
-
1
8
4
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
E
l
r
a
y
a
h
a
n
d
S
.
Jam
i
l
,
“
I
mp
a
c
t
o
f
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
Li
t
e
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
O
n
l
i
n
e
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
o
n
C
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
B
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
:
T
h
e
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
R
o
l
e
o
f
C
y
b
e
r
sec
u
r
i
t
y
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
y
b
e
r
C
ri
m
i
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
.
p
p
.
1
6
6
–
1
8
7
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
2
8
1
/
z
e
n
o
d
o
.
4
7
6
6
7
1
1
.
[
2
0
]
H
.
G
a
f
f
n
e
y
,
M
.
M
.
T
t
o
f
i
,
a
n
d
D
.
P
.
F
a
r
r
i
n
g
t
o
n
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l
-
b
a
s
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
ms
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
p
e
r
p
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
v
i
c
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
:
A
n
u
p
d
a
t
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
me
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
”
C
a
m
p
b
e
l
l
S
y
st
e
m
a
t
i
c
Re
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
e
1
1
4
3
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
c
l
2
.
1
1
4
3
.
[
2
1
]
S
.
B
o
a
t
e
n
g
,
G
.
K.
G
i
l
b
e
r
t
,
a
n
d
C
.
D
u
e
d
u
,
“
A
u
g
me
n
t
i
n
g
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
:
T
h
e
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
A
ssessm
e
n
t
s
W
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
A
d
d
i
e
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
P
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
”
in
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
T
h
e
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Re
se
a
r
c
h
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
4
2
2
/
a
r
e
t
l
.
v
1
i
1
.
1
8
6
.
[
2
2
]
S
.
C
h
a
u
d
h
a
r
y
,
V
.
G
k
i
o
u
l
o
s,
a
n
d
S
.
K
a
t
s
i
k
a
s,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
t
o
a
ssess
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
p
r
o
g
r
a
m,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
y
b
e
rse
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
9
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
9
3
/
c
y
b
sec
/
t
y
a
c
0
0
6
.
[
2
3
]
B
.
T.
Za
h
e
d
,
G
.
W
h
i
t
e
,
a
n
d
J.
Q
u
a
r
l
e
s
,
“
P
l
a
y
i
t
s
a
f
e
:
A
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
y
b
e
r
safet
y
g
a
me
f
o
r
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
i
n
e
l
e
me
n
t
a
r
y
sch
o
o
l
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
9
1
1
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Vi
r
t
u
a
l
W
o
r
l
d
s
a
n
d
G
a
m
e
s
f
o
r
S
e
ri
o
u
s
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
VS
-
G
a
m
e
s
)
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
V
S
-
G
a
m
e
s.
2
0
1
9
.
8
8
6
4
5
9
4
.
[
2
4
]
I
.
M
.
V
e
n
t
e
r
,
R
.
J
.
B
l
i
g
n
a
u
t
,
K
.
R
e
n
a
u
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
V
e
n
t
e
r
,
“
C
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
s
e
ss
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
s
‘
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
R
’
s
’
,
”
H
e
l
i
y
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
.
e
0
2
8
5
5
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
J.HE
LI
Y
O
N
.
2
0
1
9
.
E
0
2
8
5
5
.
[
2
5
]
S
.
N
.
S.
N
a
s
i
r
,
“
Ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
C
y
b
e
r
sec
u
r
i
t
y
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
P
r
o
g
r
a
ms
:
F
a
c
t
o
r
s,
B
e
s
t
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s,
a
n
d
F
u
t
u
r
e
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s,”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
Mu
l
t
i
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
ry
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
Re
se
a
r
c
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
P
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
–
1
6
0
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
2
6
2
4
/
a
i
ms
/
c
se
a
n
-
smar
t
2
0
2
3
p
1
8
.
[
2
6
]
H
.
A
b
d
u
l
R
a
b
,
“
Te
a
c
h
e
r
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
2
1
st
C
e
n
t
u
r
y
,
”
A
f
ri
c
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
Pra
c
t
i
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
–
5
0
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
7
6
0
4
/
a
j
e
p
.
2
2
3
7
.
[
2
7
]
S
.
R
.
F
a
j
r
i
,
N
.
F
a
j
r
i
,
F
.
S
a
r
n
i
t
a
,
H
.
F
i
t
r
i
a
n
i
,
A
.
S
.
B
a
g
o
,
a
n
d
P
.
K
e
r
t
i
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
Li
t
e
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
C
y
b
e
r
S
o
c
i
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
Th
e
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
O
f
2
1
s
t
C
e
n
t
u
r
y
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
A
S
y
st
e
m
a
t
i
c
R
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
(
I
J
AS
S
D
)
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
6
–
9
1
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
6
7
3
3
/
i
j
a
s
sd
.
v
6
i
2
.
9
0
7
8
.
[
2
8
]
E.
K
o
v
a
t
c
h
e
v
a
,
W
.
D
i
m
i
t
r
o
v
,
M
.
K
o
l
e
v
a
,
I
.
K
o
s
t
a
d
i
n
o
v
a
,
a
n
d
I
.
G
e
t
o
v
a
,
“
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
i
n
N
u
g
g
e
t
s
f
o
r
C
y
b
e
r
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
s,
”
i
n
ED
U
L
EAR
N
1
9
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
4
3
1
1
–
4
3
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
1
2
5
/
e
d
u
l
e
a
r
n
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
0
8
6
.
[
2
9
]
R
.
V
.
R.
H
e
r
n
á
n
d
e
z
a
n
d
C
.
M
.
J.
I
b
a
r
r
a
,
“
A
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
o
I
n
c
r
e
a
se
C
y
b
e
r
-
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
i
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
”
PAA
K
AT:
Re
v
i
st
a
d
e
T
e
c
n
o
l
o
g
í
a
y
S
o
c
i
e
d
a
d
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
2
8
7
0
/
p
k
.
a
8
n
1
4
.
3
1
8
.
[
3
0
]
N
.
K
u
r
n
i
a
s
i
h
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
Li
t
e
r
a
c
y
:
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
S
a
f
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
U
sa
g
e
,
”
En
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
J
u
r
n
a
l
P
e
n
g
a
b
d
i
a
n
K
e
p
a
d
a
M
a
sy
a
r
a
k
a
t
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
–
1
5
0
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
9
0
6
2
/
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
v
7
i
1
.
1
5
3
4
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
a
n
th
o
sh
Th
a
n
g
a
n
is
p
re
se
n
t
l
y
se
rv
in
g
a
s
a
n
a
d
-
h
o
c
fa
c
u
lt
y
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ca
li
c
u
t
Ke
ra
la,
In
d
i
a
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
i
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
fr
o
m
th
e
Ce
n
tral
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ke
ra
la.
He
h
o
ld
s
m
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
b
o
t
h
Eco
n
o
m
ics
a
n
d
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
He
is
a
re
c
ip
ien
t
o
f
th
e
UG
C
Ju
n
io
r
Re
se
a
rc
h
F
e
ll
o
ws
h
ip
(JRF)
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
a
s
q
u
a
li
fied
t
h
e
UG
C
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
El
i
g
ib
i
li
ty
Tes
t
(NET
)
fo
r
Lec
tu
re
sh
i
p
i
n
Eco
n
o
m
ics
in
In
d
ia
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
a
re
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
tea
c
h
e
r
train
in
g
,
c
y
b
e
r
sa
fe
ty
a
n
d
se
c
u
ri
ty
,
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ics
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
He
h
a
s
a
tt
e
n
d
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
wo
r
k
sh
o
p
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s
in
th
e
field
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
lso
p
re
se
n
ted
a
n
d
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
a
rti
c
les
in
se
v
e
ra
l
jo
u
r
n
a
ls.
He
h
a
s a
u
th
o
re
d
4
b
o
o
k
s
in
th
e
fiel
d
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
sa
fe
ty
a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sa
n
th
o
sh
e
lap
p
u
ll
y
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.