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p
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o
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c
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c
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ti
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in
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.
K
ey
w
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s
:
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ca
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C
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CC B
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SA
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.
C
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s
p
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A
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r
:
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m
as Jr
A.
Diq
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Dep
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tm
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T
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E
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Facu
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f
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Un
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o
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Dig
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Dig
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Ph
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p
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p
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1.
I
NT
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UCT
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O
N
T
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lo
g
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an
d
d
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ital
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p
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tu
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f
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-
b
u
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in
g
.
Sch
wab
[
1
]
d
ef
in
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d
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
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tio
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(
4
I
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)
as
th
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p
ar
a
d
ig
m
s
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if
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g
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v
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b
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tech
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m
en
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s
u
ch
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t
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o
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te
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ity
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d
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m
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ity
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s
.
Mo
r
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to
tr
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4
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ca
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4
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2
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k
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ed
f
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r
h
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li
s
tic
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ev
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p
m
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[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Ho
wev
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,
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allen
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in
teg
r
atin
g
th
is
co
n
ce
p
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ar
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lack
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ex
p
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s
u
r
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to
tech
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lo
g
ical
ad
v
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m
en
ts
[
3
]
,
u
n
eq
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al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
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f
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v
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m
en
ts
in
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o
ls
[
4
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,
s
o
cial
in
ju
s
tice,
a
n
d
lack
o
f
clea
r
p
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licy
[
5
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ar
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f
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to
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3437
T
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W
o
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ld
E
co
n
o
m
ic
Fo
r
u
m
[
6
]
p
u
b
lis
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ed
a
r
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t
r
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ar
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in
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e
im
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ca
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4
I
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I
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W
o
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l
d
E
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m
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Fo
r
u
m
[
6
]
ac
ts
as
a
g
u
id
e
in
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
in
g
t
h
e
n
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b
y
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o
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s
in
g
o
n
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al,
in
n
o
v
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e,
tech
n
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g
ical,
a
n
d
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ter
p
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s
o
n
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s
k
ills
.
Mo
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,
tech
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in
n
o
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is
b
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d
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o
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s
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[
7
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,
h
ig
h
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its
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to
p
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ce
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esil
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m
m
u
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m
em
b
er
s
[
1
]
.
E
lay
y
an
[
8
]
p
o
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ted
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t
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at
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is
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in
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s
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T
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ep
ar
i
n
g
lear
n
e
r
s
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ad
ap
t to
t
h
is
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
c
h
a
n
g
e
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es,
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
g
to
th
e
4
I
R
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
ca
r
ef
u
l
d
ec
is
io
n
p
l
an
n
in
g
to
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
f
u
lly
as
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
g
i
n
i
ts
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
s
ev
er
al
p
lan
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
i
n
e
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
Plan
2
0
2
3
–
2
0
2
8
,
wh
ich
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
in
m
ak
in
g
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
r
esil
ien
t
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
Su
lo
n
g
E
d
u
Kalid
ad
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
em
p
h
asized
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lear
n
in
g
an
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
eq
u
ality
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
Ph
i
lip
p
in
es
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
p
lan
an
d
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
lack
a
clea
r
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
th
e
p
o
s
i
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
4
I
R
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
io
r
ities
,
g
u
i
d
e
s
,
an
d
m
o
d
els to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
u
s
e
an
d
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
b
asic e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
allen
g
es
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
f
4
I
R
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
c
h
a
llen
g
es
ar
e
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
b
u
d
g
e
t,
lack
o
f
s
k
ills
in
I
C
T
,
u
n
m
o
tiv
ated
to
ad
a
p
t
[
1
2
]
,
eq
u
ity
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
[
5
]
,
an
d
tech
n
ical
is
s
u
es
[
1
3
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
m
o
v
e
f
o
r
wa
r
d
b
y
i
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
n
ew
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
at
s
tar
ts
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
2
0
2
4
.
T
h
is
n
ewly
im
p
l
em
en
ted
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
th
e
4
I
R
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
its
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
th
e
n
a
tio
n
’
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
4
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
is
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
o
f
f
u
ll
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
th
u
s
lack
s
clea
r
m
o
d
els
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
ca
n
g
u
i
d
e
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
ar
ea
s
in
th
e
4
I
R
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
o
d
el
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
4
I
R
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
h
elp
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
d
ev
elo
p
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
th
e
n
e
ed
s
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
a
p
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
ed
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
o
f
th
e
d
ep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
o
d
el
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
o
f
b
asic
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
Dav
ao
R
eg
io
n
in
th
e
ad
v
en
t o
f
th
e
4
I
R
.
As n
o
ted
b
y
Sán
ch
ez
-
C
ab
r
er
o
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
els
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
to
u
p
lift
th
e
m
o
r
ale
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
d
eliv
er
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
a
cr
u
cial
p
r
o
b
lem
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
n
ew
m
o
d
el
th
at
in
teg
r
a
tes
th
e
4
I
R
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
to
e
n
h
an
ce
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
als
o
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
4
I
R
as
it
r
elate
s
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
itu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
b
y
r
ef
lectin
g
o
n
th
e
p
r
io
r
ities
as
id
en
tifie
d
b
y
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
wa
y
,
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
m
o
d
el
s
er
v
es
as
a
r
ef
lect
io
n
o
f
th
e
a
m
b
itio
n
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es to
m
o
v
e
f
o
r
war
d
in
th
e
a
d
v
en
t o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
ch
an
g
e.
T
o
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
g
u
id
ed
b
y
two
im
p
o
r
tan
t
o
b
jectiv
es
:
i
)
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
Dav
a
o
R
eg
io
n
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
an
d
ii
)
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
at
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
cr
ea
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
b
jectiv
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
4
I
R
as
it
r
elate
s
to
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tex
t
i
n
th
e
Dav
ao
R
eg
io
n
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
b
jectiv
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
in
p
u
t
o
n
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cial
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
h
if
t.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
clea
r
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
4
I
R
in
th
e
co
n
t
ex
t o
f
b
asic e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
to
ad
d
r
e
s
s
th
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
h
er
e
s
to
th
e
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
in
q
u
ir
y
.
I
n
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
esear
ch
,
f
a
cto
r
an
aly
s
is
d
esig
n
i
s
u
s
ed
to
c
r
ea
te
a
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
r
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
th
e
ch
o
s
en
to
p
ic
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
s
tar
ted
with
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
an
d
was
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
f
ac
to
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
is
in
q
u
ir
y
was
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lim
ited
liter
atu
r
e
p
er
tain
in
g
to
th
e
to
p
ic
[
1
7
]
.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
clu
s
ter
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
to
id
en
tify
r
esear
ch
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
cl
u
s
ter
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
R
eg
io
n
s
XI
is
alr
ea
d
y
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
elev
en
d
i
v
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
is
alr
ea
d
y
in
f
o
r
m
ed
h
o
w
m
an
y
d
iv
is
io
n
s
ar
e
in
th
e
R
e
g
io
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
am
e,
th
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
s
tep
s
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
:
clu
s
ter
in
g
th
e
r
eg
io
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
iv
is
io
n
s
(
in
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
elev
en
d
iv
is
io
n
s
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
34
3
6
-
34
4
7
3438
an
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
ea
ch
d
i
v
is
io
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
th
e
y
b
el
o
n
g
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
will
b
e
d
r
a
wn
f
r
o
m
th
e
ch
o
s
en
clu
s
ter
in
th
e
ch
o
s
en
d
iv
is
io
n
(
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
)
.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
tar
g
et
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
ar
e
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
i
)
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l m
u
s
t f
all
in
eith
er
a
lar
g
e
s
ch
o
o
l
(
with
2
6
-
1
0
0
teac
h
e
r
s
)
o
r
m
eg
a
s
ch
o
o
l
(
1
0
1
a
n
d
a
b
o
v
e
)
ca
teg
o
r
y
in
th
e
clu
s
ter
;
ii
)
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
m
u
s
t
b
e
lo
ca
ted
with
i
n
th
e
m
u
n
icip
ality
/city
p
r
o
p
e
r
;
an
d
iii
)
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
s
ch
o
o
l
is
willin
g
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
:
i
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
f
u
ll
-
ti
m
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
teac
h
er
;
ii
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
willin
g
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
e
:
i
)
f
o
r
p
u
b
li
c
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
v
o
lu
n
teer
teac
h
e
r
s
;
ii
)
f
o
r
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
n
o
t
f
u
ll
-
tim
e
teac
h
er
s
(
teac
h
er
s
with
m
u
ltip
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ies/
ag
en
cies/d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
)
;
an
d
iii
)
with
d
r
awa
l
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
u
s
ed
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
s
am
p
le
o
f
2
5
0
s
am
p
le
s
ize
in
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
[
1
8
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
in
th
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
a
cto
r
an
aly
s
is
(
C
FA)
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
s
am
p
le
as
cited
b
y
Ky
r
iazo
s
[
1
7
]
th
at
3
0
0
s
a
m
p
les
ar
e
g
o
o
d
en
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
f
a
cto
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
to
tal
o
f
5
5
0
tea
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
R
eg
io
n
XI
p
a
r
ticip
ated
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h
i
ns
t
rum
ent
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
clo
s
e
-
en
d
ed
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
as
t
h
e
m
ai
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
is
a
s
elf
-
m
ad
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
cr
ea
ted
f
r
o
m
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
[
19
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
ea
ch
s
tatem
en
t
is
d
ee
m
ed
r
elev
an
t,
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
at
lea
s
t
o
n
e
liter
atu
r
e
was
g
i
v
en
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
in
cr
af
tin
g
t
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
s
tatem
en
ts
to
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
th
e
s
tep
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
y
C
r
eswell
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
is
p
lan
n
in
g
;
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
is
g
u
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
th
e
p
illar
s
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
;
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
g
at
h
er
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
liter
atu
r
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t t
h
e
s
tatem
en
ts
b
ein
g
in
clu
d
e
d
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
h
ase
is
q
u
an
titativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
;
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
s
(
u
s
in
g
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le)
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
f
o
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
s
,
a
p
ilo
t
test
with
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
a
lp
h
a
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
y
ield
ed
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
a
lp
h
a
o
f
0
.
9
1
6
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
h
av
e
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
[2
1
]
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
p
h
a
s
e
is
v
alid
atio
n
;
in
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
ad
m
in
is
ter
s
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
th
e
item
s
.
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
two
ex
p
er
t
v
alid
atio
n
[2
2
]
,
wh
er
ei
n
th
e
ex
p
er
ts
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
wh
e
th
er
th
e
item
s
wer
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
ia
te
an
d
s
er
v
ed
th
eir
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
v
alid
atio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
co
r
ed
a
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
e
x
(
C
VI
)
o
f
1
.
0
,
m
ea
n
in
g
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
g
o
o
d
to
im
p
l
em
en
t
[2
3
]
.
On
ce
th
ese
p
h
ases
wer
e
co
m
p
leted
,
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
e
s
elec
t
ed
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
o
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
d
ata,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
:
Fo
r
E
FA
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
d
ata
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
aly
s
is
,
Keiser
-
Me
y
er
-
Olk
in
(
KM
O)
m
ea
s
u
r
e
,
B
ar
tlett’s
t
est
o
f
Sp
h
er
icity
,
ei
g
en
v
alu
e
,
Var
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
Kaiser
n
o
r
m
al
izatio
n
,
C
attell
-
Scr
ee
p
lo
t,
a
n
d
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
o
r
C
FA,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
th
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
f
it
in
d
ex
,
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
f
ix
in
d
ex
(
C
FI)
,
T
u
ck
er
-
L
ewis’s
i
n
d
ex
(
T
L
I
)
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
r
esid
u
al
(
SR
MR)
i
n
d
ex
,
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A)
,
Ak
aik
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
cr
iter
i
o
n
(
AI
C
)
an
d
B
ay
esian
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
(
B
I
C
)
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
F
ind
ing
s
re
la
t
ed
t
o
E
F
A
I
n
th
is
an
aly
s
is
,
p
r
in
cip
al
ax
is
f
ac
to
r
in
g
an
d
v
ar
i
m
ax
r
o
tat
io
n
wer
e
u
s
ed
.
Var
im
ax
r
o
tat
io
n
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
a
m
o
r
e
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
le
f
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
ath
e
r
th
an
s
im
ilar
ity
with
d
ata
[2
4
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
ax
is
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
was
u
s
ed
s
in
ce
th
is
m
eth
o
d
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
all
v
ar
iab
les
(
item
s
)
b
elo
n
g
e
d
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
,
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
m
atr
ix
was
ca
lcu
lated
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
ac
t
o
r
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
[2
5
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ata
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
KM
O
co
ef
f
icien
t
test
an
d
th
e
B
ar
tlett’s
Sp
h
er
icity
test
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
,
as
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
KM
O
o
b
tain
e
d
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
5
3
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
th
e
B
ar
tlett
test
r
esu
lt
(
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
=6
7
7
3
.
5
6
;
p
=0
.
0
0
0
)
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
B
ased
o
n
B
ea
v
er
et
a
l.
[2
6
]
,
th
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
esu
lt sh
o
ws th
at
a
KM
O
o
f
ab
o
v
e
0
.
6
0
an
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t v
alu
e
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
itial
ei
g
en
v
alu
es,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
to
tal
v
ar
ian
ce
,
an
d
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ea
ch
e
x
tr
ac
ted
d
im
en
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
all
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
d
esc
en
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
b
y
th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
th
ey
ex
p
la
in
ed
.
Facto
r
s
with
less
th
an
1
eig
en
v
alu
e
a
r
e
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Data
also
s
h
o
ws th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
s
u
m
s
o
f
s
q
u
ar
ed
an
d
r
o
tatio
n
s
u
m
o
f
s
q
u
ar
ed
lo
ad
in
g
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
t
h
er
e
wer
e
8
f
ac
to
r
s
g
en
e
r
ated
with
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
eig
en
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
eig
en
v
alu
es
o
f
all
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
ad
u
al
c
h
an
g
e
in
th
e
s
cr
ee
p
lo
t
g
r
ap
h
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
f
latten
ed
as
it
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
th
e
8
th
f
ac
to
r
,
th
u
s
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
er
e
ar
e
8
th
f
ac
t
o
r
s
o
f
4
I
R
in
b
asic e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
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I
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am
ed
“u
s
ed
o
f
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
in
teac
h
in
g
”
af
ter
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
ite
m
s
in
th
is
d
im
en
s
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
F
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l revo
lu
tio
n
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
c
o
n
text
o
f
b
a
s
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
Da
va
o
…
(
To
m
a
s
Jr A
.
Diq
u
ito
)
3441
3
.
2
.
F
ind
ing
s
re
la
t
ed
t
o
CF
A
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
ex
am
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
item
s
with
in
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
is
al
s
o
s
tu
d
ied
;
h
en
ce
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
also
co
n
d
u
cted
a
C
FA.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Seçe
r
[
3
3
],
C
FA
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
item
s
in
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
v
e
r
if
y
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
E
FA.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
in
d
ices
(
with
v
alu
e
s
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
if
t
h
e
cr
ea
ted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
ac
c
ep
tab
le
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
4
,
th
u
s
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
b
est m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
FA
f
it in
d
ices
F
i
t
i
n
d
i
c
e
s
V
a
l
u
e
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
χ²
Lo
w
χ
²
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
t
o
d
f
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
r
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
m
o
d
e
l
f
i
t
.
[3
4
]
df
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
C
F
I
>
0
.
9
5
[3
5
],
[3
6
]
TLI
>
0
.
9
5
[3
6
]
S
R
M
R
≤
0
.
0
8
[3
7
]
R
M
S
EA
≤
0
.
0
6
[3
7
]
A
I
C
S
mal
l
e
r
A
I
C
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
[3
8
]
B
I
C
S
mal
l
e
r
B
I
C
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
[
39
]
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
r
ee
m
o
d
els
a
r
e
test
ed
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
wh
ich
m
o
d
el
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
ce
p
tab
le
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
et
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Mo
d
el_
1
is
th
e
b
aselin
e
m
o
d
e
l,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
iv
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
FA;
h
en
ce
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
2
8
item
s
.
Mo
d
el_
2
is
th
e
ad
ju
s
ted
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
Mo
d
el_
1
an
aly
s
is
an
d
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
with
1
8
item
s
.
Mo
d
el_
3
is
th
e
ad
ju
s
ted
m
o
d
el
f
r
o
m
Mo
d
el_
2
with
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
1
1
item
s
lef
t.
I
n
test
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
els,
t
h
e
J
AM
OVI
2
.
3
.
2
8
s
o
lid
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
m
ac
OS
was u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
o
f
twar
e
is
f
r
ee
to
d
o
wn
lo
ad
s
tatis
tical
s
o
f
tw
ar
e
an
d
c
o
n
tain
ed
t
h
e
n
ee
d
ed
i
n
d
ices f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
test
o
f
th
e
ex
ac
t
f
it
an
d
f
it
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
o
f
Mo
d
el_
1
,
M
o
d
el_
2
,
an
d
Mo
d
el_
3
.
R
em
o
v
al
o
f
item
s
with
a
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
in
d
ex
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
3
.
8
4
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
af
ter
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
in
Mo
d
el_
1
an
d
Mo
d
el_
2
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
Mo
d
el_
3
.
Fo
r
Mo
d
el_
1
,
th
e
test
o
f
ex
ac
t
f
it
s
h
o
ws
a
m
is
f
it
m
o
d
e
l
(
χ²
=7
1
1
;
df
=
3
4
0
;
p
=<
0
.
0
0
1
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
Mo
d
el_
1
f
ailed
to
attain
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
th
r
es
h
o
ld
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
f
it
f
o
r
t
h
e
C
FI
(
0
.
9
2
9
)
,
T
L
I
(
0
.
9
2
1
)
,
an
d
R
MSE
A
(
0
.
0
6
0
3
)
f
it
m
ea
s
u
r
es;
h
o
wev
er
,
its
SR
MR
v
alu
e
(
0
.
0
3
9
5
)
is
th
e
o
n
ly
f
it in
d
ex
w
h
ich
attain
ed
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
T
ab
le
5
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
C
FA
F
i
t
i
n
d
i
c
e
s
F
i
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
C
F
A
_
M
o
d
e
l
1
C
F
A
_
M
o
d
e
l
2
C
F
A
_
M
o
d
e
l
3
Te
st
f
o
r
e
x
a
c
t
f
i
t
χ²
Lo
w
χ
²
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
t
o
d
f
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
r
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
m
o
d
e
l
f
i
t
.
7
1
3
2
2
7
4
5
.
1
df
3
4
0
1
2
9
41
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
<
0
.
0
0
1
<
0
.
0
0
1
0
.
3
0
4
Te
st
f
o
r
f
i
t
mea
s
u
r
e
s
C
F
I
≥
0
.
9
5
0
.
9
2
9
0
.
9
6
5
0
.
9
9
7
TLI
≥
0
.
9
5
0
.
9
2
1
0
.
9
5
9
0
.
9
9
6
S
R
M
R
≤
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
3
9
5
0
.
0
3
4
7
0
.
0
2
7
0
R
M
S
EA
*
Lo
w
e
r
*
U
p
p
e
r
≤
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
6
0
3
0
.
0
5
4
1
0
.
0
6
6
5
0
.
0
5
0
2
0
.
0
3
9
2
0
.
0
6
0
8
0
.
0
1
8
3
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
4
4
7
A
I
C
S
mal
l
e
r
A
I
C
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
1
1
9
5
3
8
1
9
3
5
1
4
1
B
I
C
S
mal
l
e
r
B
I
C
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
1
2
3
0
2
8
4
1
6
5
2
7
4
A
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
in
d
ex
an
aly
s
i
s
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
6
,
was
th
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
ich
item
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
el.
Af
ter
t
h
e
an
a
ly
s
is
o
f
Mo
d
el
_
1
,
item
s
C
B
6
(
4
.
0
5
)
,
C
B
8
(
4
.
2
0
)
,
C
B
9
(
4
.
9
3
)
,
DA2
(
3
.
9
6
)
,
V
SI2
(
6
.
4
3
)
,
VSI
4
(
6
.
1
9
)
,
AR
1
(
6
.
8
0
)
,
an
d
AR
4
(
1
0
.
6
3
)
a
r
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
i
n
Mo
d
el
_
2
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
d
im
en
s
io
n
5
:
u
s
e
o
f
a
u
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
in
teac
h
in
g
is
s
u
g
g
ested
to
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
s
in
ce
th
is
d
im
en
s
io
n
will h
av
e
2
item
s
o
n
ly
le
f
t a
f
te
r
th
e
an
aly
s
is
in
Mo
d
el
_
1
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
Mo
d
el_
2
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
af
ter
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
item
s
an
d
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
in
Mo
d
el_
1
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
test
o
f
ex
ac
t
f
it
f
o
r
Mo
d
el_
2
(
χ²
=
2
2
7
;
df
=1
2
9
;
p
=<
0
.
0
0
1
)
ex
h
ib
its
a
m
is
f
it
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
a
test
o
f
ex
ac
t
f
it
r
esu
lt.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
f
it
m
ea
s
u
r
es
test
ex
h
i
b
its
a
f
it
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
Mo
d
el_
2
with
C
FI=
0
.
9
6
5
,
T
L
I
=0
.
9
5
9
,
SR
MR=0
.
0
3
4
7
,
a
n
d
R
MSE
A=
0
.
0
5
0
2
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
Mo
d
el_
2
is
a
f
it
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
et
f
it
in
d
ices,
b
u
t
th
is
m
o
d
el
is
n
o
t
th
e
b
est
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
in
d
e
x
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
7
,
was
u
s
ed
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
wh
ic
h
item
s
n
ee
d
ed
r
em
o
v
al
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
b
est
m
o
d
el.
An
al
y
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
item
s
C
B
1
(
7
.
7
5
)
,
C
B
4
(
5
.
6
9
)
,
C
B
7
(
9
.
5
8
)
,
Sm
1
(
4
.
7
8
)
,
an
d
VSI
1
(
3
.
9
4
)
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
to
h
av
e
a
f
it
m
o
d
el.
Ho
we
v
er
,
if
VSI
1
is
t
o
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
,
th
en
d
im
en
s
io
n
4
:
u
s
e
o
f
v
ir
t
u
al
s
im
u
latio
n
in
tea
ch
in
g
will a
ls
o
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
s
in
ce
th
is
d
im
en
s
io
n
will n
o
w
co
n
s
is
t o
f
2
item
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
34
3
6
-
34
4
7
3442
T
ab
le
6
.
Facto
r
l
o
ad
in
g
s
–
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
in
d
ices r
esu
lt o
f
M
o
d
e
l_
1
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
CB
Sm
DA
V
S
I
AR
C
B
1
1
.
8
3
1
.
6
8
1
.
3
1
3
.
1
9
C
B
2
0
0
.
0
2
1
.
3
8
0
.
1
7
C
B
3
0
.
2
4
3
.
4
7
0
.
2
6
0
.
1
2
C
B
4
0
.
0
5
3
.
6
6
0
.
4
6
1
.
1
C
B
5
0
.
3
5
1
.
1
0
.
4
5
0
.
4
4
C
B
6
4
.
0
5
0
.
0
2
1
.
3
9
0
.
8
3
C
B
7
0
.
2
3
2
.
6
8
0
.
4
1
2
.
0
2
C
B
8
4
.
2
8
.
7
2
0
.
0
9
0
.
8
8
C
B
9
4
.
9
3
2
.
7
5
6
.
8
E
-
04
4
.
6
9
S
m1
3
.
3
9
1
.
5
3
3
.
5
1
0
.
0
7
S
m2
2
.
4
E
-
04
3
.
3
4
0
.
0
8
0
.
8
7
S
m3
0
.
1
2
2
.
7
1
0
.
4
3
0
.
0
3
S
m4
0
.
1
8
1
.
5
7
2
.
0
1
3
.
0
4
S
m5
1
.
0
1
2
.
7
E
-
05
1
.
5
1
0
.
7
4
DA1
0
.
6
6
0
.
0
3
1
.
5
4
1
.
1
6
DA2
0
.
3
1
3
.
9
6
0
.
5
5
0
.
7
5
DA3
0
.
5
5
0
.
3
9
0
.
0
5
1
.
1
3
DA4
0
.
2
7
0
.
1
6
0
.
0
7
0
.
0
8
DA5
1
.
3
3
0
.
5
8
2
.
4
8
1
.
3
9
V
S
I
1
0
.
4
4
0
.
5
8
0
.
2
0
.
6
5
V
S
I
2
5
.
4
5
2
.
1
9
3
.
7
9
6
.
4
3
V
S
I
3
0
.
1
0
.
6
0
.
0
6
0
.
3
3
V
S
I
4
6
.
1
9
4
.
0
4
1
.
5
0
.
7
4
V
S
I
5
8
.
1
E
-
04
0
.
8
0
.
2
5
0
.
0
9
A
R
1
0
.
6
8
6
.
8
1
3
.
5
6
5
.
9
2
A
R
2
0
.
6
7
0
.
0
3
0
.
1
2
1
.
6
9
A
R
3
3
.
9
8
1
.
3
0
3
.
5
1
A
R
4
4
.
0
2
1
0
.
6
4
1
.
5
8
7
.
6
8
C
B
=
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
c
y
b
e
r
sec
u
r
i
t
y
;
S
m=U
se
o
f
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
;
D
A
=
S
c
h
o
o
l
d
a
t
a
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
;
V
S
I
=
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
u
si
n
g
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
sy
st
e
m
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
;
A
R
=
U
se
d
o
f
a
u
g
men
t
e
d
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
T
ab
le
7
.
Facto
r
l
o
ad
in
g
s
–
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
in
d
ices r
esu
lt o
f
M
o
d
e
l_
2
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
CB
Sm
DA
V
S
I
C
B
1
1
.
4
5
0
.
3
3
7
.
7
5
C
B
2
0
.
2
4
0
.
1
1
2
.
4
6
C
B
3
0
.
0
3
0
.
2
0
.
2
2
C
B
4
0
.
0
9
5
.
6
9
0
.
3
9
C
B
5
0
.
1
3
0
.
1
0
.
6
3
C
B
7
1
.
0
6
9
.
5
8
1
.
8
S
m1
2
.
9
1
0
.
6
3
4
.
7
8
S
m2
0
.
0
4
2
.
5
2
0
.
1
2
S
m3
0
1
.
6
4
0
.
5
5
S
m4
0
.
3
3
1
.
6
3
.
8
S
m5
1
.
4
4
0
.
1
2
1
.
2
4
D
t
A
1
1
.
5
3
0
.
4
9
2
.
9
6
D
t
A
3
0
.
2
3
0
.
0
2
0
.
3
6
D
t
A
4
0
.
2
7
2
.
5
E
-
04
1
.
7
5
D
t
A
5
1
.
4
4
0
.
3
1
1
.
1
5
V
S
I
1
3
.
9
4
2
.
8
9
0
.
3
3
V
S
I
3
3
.
7
5
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
2
V
S
I
5
1
.
4
E
-
04
2
.
5
2
0
.
1
7
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
o
f
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
i
n
d
ex
r
esu
lt
in
Mo
d
el_
2
,
item
s
C
B
1
,
C
B
4
,
C
B
7
,
Sm
1
,
VSI
1
,
an
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
4
ar
e
r
e
m
o
v
ed
.
An
aly
s
is
was
th
en
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
Mo
d
el_
3
with
3
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
1
1
item
s
lef
t.
Mo
d
el
f
it
te
s
t
was
f
ir
s
t
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
Mo
d
e
l_
3
an
d
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
a
f
it
m
o
d
el
(
χ²
=4
5
.
1
;
df
=4
1
;
p
=>
0
.
0
5
)
.
A
n
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
it
m
ea
s
u
r
es
wer
e
also
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
et
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
C
FI=
0
.
9
9
7
,
T
L
I
=0
.
9
9
6
,
SR
MR=0
.
0
2
7
0
,
R
MSE
A=
0
.
0
1
8
3
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
i
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
AI
C
a
n
d
B
I
C
o
f
M
o
d
el_
3
(
AI
C
=8
1
9
3
,
B
I
C
=8
4
1
6
)
ar
e
m
u
ch
lo
wer
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
Mo
d
el_
2
(
AI
C
=5
1
4
1
,
B
I
C
=5
2
7
4
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
Mo
d
el_
3
is
ac
ce
p
ted
as
th
e
b
est
m
o
d
el
am
o
n
g
th
e
th
r
ee
test
ed
m
o
d
el
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
Mo
d
el_
3
n
o
w
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
1
:
p
r
o
tectio
n
u
s
in
g
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
with
3
item
s
C
B
2
,
C
B
3
,
an
d
C
B
5
;
d
im
en
s
io
n
2
:
u
s
e
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
in
teac
h
in
g
with
4
item
s
Sm
2
,
Sm
3
,
Sm
4
,
a
n
d
Sm
5
;
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
3
:
s
ch
o
o
l
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
an
al
y
tic
s
with
4
item
s
DA1
,
DA3
,
DA4
,
an
d
DA5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
F
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l revo
lu
tio
n
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
c
o
n
text
o
f
b
a
s
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
Da
va
o
…
(
To
m
a
s
Jr A
.
Diq
u
ito
)
3443
3
.
3
.
F
o
urt
h
ind
us
t
ria
l r
ev
o
lutio
n
m
o
del in ba
s
ic
educa
t
io
n
4
I
R
is
a
g
lo
b
al
co
n
ce
p
t
th
at
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
d
aily
life
in
clu
d
in
g
au
to
m
atio
n
an
d
d
ata
ex
ch
a
n
g
es
in
th
e
cy
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
s
ical
wo
r
ld
[
4
0
]
–
[4
2
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
ca
n
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ly
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
liv
es
o
f
p
eo
p
le
as
well
as
th
e
p
r
o
c
ess
es
in
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
e
n
o
tab
le
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
ch
an
g
e
ar
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
th
e
teac
h
in
g
-
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
4
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
ca
n
b
etter
s
et
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
a
b
etter
f
u
tu
r
e,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es a
n
d
o
th
e
r
co
u
n
tr
ies with
s
im
ilar
p
r
o
f
iles
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
Dav
a
o
R
eg
io
n
,
P
h
ilip
p
in
es.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
ws
th
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
p
r
o
tectio
n
u
s
in
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
u
s
e
o
f
s
im
u
lati
o
n
in
teac
h
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l
d
ata
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
an
aly
tics
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
n
f
ir
m
ed
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
item
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
C
FA
.
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
ea
c
h
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
,
alo
n
g
with
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
,
ar
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Mo
d
el
o
f
4
I
R
in
b
asi
c
ed
u
ca
tio
n
Pro
tectio
n
u
s
in
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
is
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
d
ef
en
d
a
n
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
f
r
o
m
cy
b
er
-
attac
k
s
o
r
h
ac
k
er
s
[4
4
]
–
[4
6
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
in
ce
it
allo
ws
d
ig
ital
p
r
o
tectio
n
i
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
[4
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
th
e
n
atio
n
[4
8
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
it is
v
er
y
cr
u
cial
to
r
aise a
war
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
u
s
ag
e
o
f
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
i
n
th
e
d
ig
ital w
o
r
ld
to
av
o
id
d
ata
lo
s
s
es
an
d
p
r
o
tect
u
s
er
s
an
d
n
o
n
-
u
s
er
s
f
r
o
m
d
ata
b
r
ea
ch
es
[
49
]
,
[5
0
]
.
Sch
o
o
l
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
b
y
in
v
esti
n
g
in
s
o
f
twar
e
s
u
ch
as
f
ir
ewa
ll,
m
alwa
r
e
d
etec
tio
n
s
o
f
twar
e,
an
tiv
ir
u
s
s
o
f
twar
e,
an
d
o
th
e
r
r
elev
an
t
s
o
f
twar
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
y
s
tem
,
th
u
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
c
in
g
d
ata
lo
s
s
es a
m
o
n
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Use
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
in
teac
h
in
g
is
u
s
ed
to
im
itate
an
ac
tu
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
itu
atio
n
;
th
is
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
a
v
ir
tu
al
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
a
teac
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
b
y
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
e
r
ie
n
ce
th
e
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
[5
1
]
,
[5
2
]
.
E
v
id
e
n
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
lear
n
in
g
in
s
id
e
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
u
s
in
g
v
ir
tu
al
s
im
u
latio
n
y
ield
s
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lts
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
way
o
f
teac
h
in
g
[5
3
].
Fu
r
th
er
,
m
a
n
y
s
o
f
twar
e
o
f
f
e
r
s
f
r
ee
ac
ce
s
s
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
im
u
lat
io
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
t
o
p
ics
also
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
ea
s
y
to
d
if
f
icu
lt.
T
h
ese
s
o
f
twar
e
’
s
ca
n
o
f
f
er
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
b
u
s
in
es
s
s
k
ill,
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
,
in
q
u
i
r
y
s
k
ill,
an
d
cr
ea
tiv
ity
[5
4
]
,
[5
5
]
.
Sch
o
o
l
d
ata
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
an
al
y
ti
cs
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
as
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
c
o
l
lec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
v
al
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
m
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[5
6
]
–
[5
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
ic
h
d
at
a
i
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
w
ill b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
c
h
o
o
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
,
tea
ch
er
,
a
n
d
s
t
af
f
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
b
y
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
in
to
tr
e
n
d
s
i
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
y
e
ar
s
[
59
]
,
[6
0
].
M
o
r
e
o
v
er
,
s
ch
o
o
l
d
at
a
c
a
n
als
o
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e
u
s
ed
to
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i
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h
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co
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p
et
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n
ci
e
s
a
n
d
s
k
il
ls
o
f
co
m
p
et
e
n
ci
es
n
e
ce
s
s
a
r
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e
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o
b
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
2
5
2
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8
8
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2
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t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
34
3
6
-
34
4
7
3444
m
a
r
k
et
[6
1
]
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
th
e
c
h
a
lle
n
g
e
f
o
r
s
c
h
o
o
ls
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
t
o
r
i
n
g
o
f
m
ass
i
v
e
d
at
a.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
ca
n
b
e
co
u
n
te
r
e
d
i
f
s
c
h
o
o
ls
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
o
f
m
ass
iv
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
a
n
d
tea
c
h
e
r
s
/a
d
m
i
n
i
s
tr
a
to
r
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
o
r
ie
n
t
ed
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
at
a
[6
2
]
.
T
h
is
w
ay
,
d
ata
b
r
ea
ch
es
a
n
d
d
at
a
lo
s
s
a
r
e
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
ed
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
h
as
m
a
d
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
clea
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
ci
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
’
s
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
i
n
es
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
g
en
er
al
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
[
2
]
b
u
t
n
o
t
o
n
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
’
s
b
a
s
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
clea
r
p
o
licies
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
as
p
ec
ts
o
f
4
I
R
is
also
n
o
t
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
t
h
e
m
ajo
r
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
Plan
2023
-
2
0
2
8
[
1
0
]
an
d
Su
lo
n
g
E
d
u
Kalid
ad
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
[
1
1
]
.
Ma
k
in
g
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
r
elev
a
n
t in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
ew
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
in
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
g
a
p
s
in
t
h
e
lite
r
atu
r
e
p
er
tain
in
g
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
n
ess
to
war
d
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
in
g
to
4
I
R
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
asic e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
b
ei
n
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
th
r
ee
id
en
tifie
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
g
u
id
es
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
o
n
h
o
w
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
4
I
R
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
also
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
io
r
ities
th
at
th
e
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
(
s
p
ec
ially
in
Dav
a
o
R
eg
io
n
)
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
llo
w
to
in
teg
r
ate
th
is
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ch
an
g
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
m
o
d
el,
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
will
b
ec
o
m
e
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
at
co
u
ld
lead
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
in
th
e
n
atio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
is
n
o
t
lim
ited
o
n
ly
to
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
s
in
ce
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
ad
ap
ted
to
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
s
im
ilar
p
r
o
f
iles
to
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
i
n
es.
T
h
u
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
is
m
o
d
el
a
r
ef
lectio
n
o
n
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t
b
r
o
u
g
h
t b
y
in
d
u
s
tr
ializat
io
n
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
4
I
R
is
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ch
a
n
g
e
th
at
h
as
af
f
ec
ted
all
s
ec
to
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
g
lo
b
e.
T
o
b
ett
er
p
r
ep
ar
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
also
ad
ap
t
to
ca
ter
to
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
wo
r
ld
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
4
I
R
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
E
FA
.
T
h
ese
f
iv
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
u
s
in
g
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
u
s
e
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
in
teac
h
in
g
,
s
ch
o
o
l
d
ata
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
an
aly
tics
,
p
r
o
tectio
n
u
s
in
g
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
i
n
teac
h
in
g
.
T
h
ese
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
ee
n
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
i
talizatio
n
an
d
t
h
e
cy
b
er
-
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
wo
r
ld
in
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
C
FA
f
u
r
th
er
r
e
v
ea
led
th
at
o
n
ly
th
r
e
e
o
f
th
ese
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
licab
le
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
in
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
ar
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
u
s
in
g
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
u
s
e
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
in
teac
h
in
g
,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
an
aly
tics
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
cr
ea
ted
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
id
en
tifie
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
is
cr
itical
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
in
th
e
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Po
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
ca
n
u
tili
ze
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
in
d
icato
r
s
an
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
to
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
b
asic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
th
e
Dav
ao
R
eg
io
n
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
t
o
a
d
ap
t
to
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
ciety
’
s
cu
r
r
en
t
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
wa
y
,
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
is
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
o
t
ju
s
t
to
t
h
e
n
atio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
b
u
t
also
to
th
e
g
lo
b
al
m
ar
k
et.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
n
o
t
lim
ited
o
n
ly
to
t
h
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
s
in
ce
o
th
er
co
u
n
t
r
ies
with
s
im
i
lar
p
r
o
f
iles
ca
n
also
u
s
e
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
as
b
aselin
e
d
ata.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
b
ein
g
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
(
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
s
im
u
latio
n
in
teac
h
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
a
n
aly
tics
)
ar
e
s
ee
n
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
wo
r
ld
.
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4
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[2
5
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