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14
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No
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5
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Octo
b
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20
25
:
3
5
5
7
-
3564
3558
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ills
,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
als
[
5
]
–
[
7
]
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
ca
t
eg
o
r
ized
i
n
to
teac
h
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
h
u
m
an
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
p
lan
n
in
g
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
e
v
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
k
ills
,
all
o
f
w
h
ich
ar
e
in
teg
r
al
t
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
ea
ch
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
f
ac
u
lty
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
b
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t,
ad
ap
tin
g
t
o
ev
o
lv
in
g
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
n
ee
d
s
,
an
d
in
teg
r
atin
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Pro
f
ess
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
m
aster
less
o
n
p
lan
n
in
g
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es,
a
n
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
t
r
ateg
ies
to
cr
ea
te
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
A
well
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
less
o
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
en
s
u
r
es
clar
ity
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
b
u
t
also
alig
n
s
with
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
class
r
o
o
m
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
is
i
n
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le,
as
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
f
ac
ilit
ate
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
W
ith
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
e
-
lea
r
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
,
an
d
b
len
d
e
d
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
d
ev
elo
p
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
to
en
h
a
n
ce
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
in
clu
s
i
v
ity
.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
ec
eiv
e
d
iv
e
r
s
e,
en
g
a
g
in
g
,
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
lea
r
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
m
ak
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
o
r
e
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
a
d
ap
tab
le.
T
h
e
g
r
o
win
g
em
p
h
asis
o
n
ac
a
d
em
ic
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
h
as
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
to
h
u
b
s
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
co
m
m
e
r
cializa
tio
n
[
1
4
]
.
E
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
en
co
u
r
ag
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
n
o
v
el
teac
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies,
en
g
a
g
e
in
in
d
u
s
tr
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
as
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
E
n
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
elies
o
n
cr
ea
tiv
it
y
,
r
is
k
-
tak
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
en
ab
lin
g
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
to
i
d
en
tify
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
5
]
.
Pr
o
f
ess
o
r
s
wh
o
em
b
r
ac
e
an
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
m
i
n
d
s
et
in
teg
r
ate
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
m
en
t
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
-
led
in
itiativ
es,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
p
r
io
r
itize
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
m
o
te
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
h
ar
i
n
g
,
lear
n
in
g
-
d
r
iv
en
cu
ltu
r
es,
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
to
en
h
an
ce
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
6
]
.
Su
ch
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
en
ef
its
f
ac
u
lty
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
b
u
t
also
p
r
ep
ar
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
etitiv
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
x
ten
d
s
to
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
g
r
o
wth
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
to
e
m
er
g
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
[
1
7
]
.
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
b
etter
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
s
ec
u
r
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
estab
lis
h
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
em
p
lo
y
a
b
ilit
y
.
B
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
r
in
ci
p
les,
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
ca
n
r
ef
in
e
in
ter
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
in
n
o
v
ate
cu
r
r
icu
la,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
a
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
E
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
e
co
n
o
m
ic
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
p
o
licies,
an
d
s
o
cial
tr
en
d
s
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Un
iv
e
r
s
ities
th
at
alig
n
th
eir
s
tr
ateg
ic
g
o
als
with
m
ar
k
et
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
o
li
cy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ca
n
m
ax
im
i
ze
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
ex
p
an
s
io
n
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Su
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
p
o
licies
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
e
ac
ad
em
ic
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
,
cr
ea
te
in
n
o
v
atio
n
h
u
b
s
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
-
in
d
u
s
tr
y
lin
k
ag
es p
la
y
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
g
r
o
wth
.
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
is
a
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
f
o
r
ce
b
e
h
in
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
cr
ea
tiv
it
y
,
v
is
io
n
,
an
d
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
[
2
0
]
.
E
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
lead
er
s
i
n
s
p
ir
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
to
em
b
r
ac
e
c
h
an
g
e,
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
with
em
er
g
in
g
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
m
o
d
el
s
,
an
d
p
u
r
s
u
e
cr
o
s
s
-
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
esear
ch
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
.
W
h
ile
r
esear
ch
o
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
r
e
m
ain
s
lim
ited
,
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
i
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
i
n
s
h
ap
in
g
f
o
r
war
d
-
th
in
k
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
L
ea
d
er
s
wh
o
ch
am
p
io
n
f
ac
u
lty
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
tr
ateg
i
c
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
,
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
t
ev
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
f
o
s
ter
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
in
t
h
eir
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
B
y
cu
ltiv
atin
g
an
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
m
i
n
d
s
et
am
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
d
y
n
am
ic
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
at
p
r
ep
ar
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
n
a
v
ig
ate
th
e
co
m
p
lex
itie
s
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
Stro
n
g
lead
er
s
h
ip
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
em
ain
ag
ile,
co
m
p
etitiv
e,
an
d
eq
u
i
p
p
ed
to
a
d
d
r
ess
f
u
tu
r
e
ch
allen
g
es,
s
ec
u
r
in
g
th
eir
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
elev
an
ce
in
th
e
g
lo
b
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
at
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
th
eir
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
id
en
tif
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
els
o
f
t
ea
ch
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
o
m
ai
ns
—
in
clu
d
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al,
ac
a
d
em
i
c,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e,
cu
ltu
r
al,
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
—
an
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
’
a
b
ilit
y
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ac
tiv
ities
with
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
ad
d
r
ess
es
a
g
ap
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
im
p
ac
t
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
ar
ea
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
elev
an
t
as
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
wo
r
ld
w
id
e
s
tr
iv
e
to
f
o
s
ter
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
en
t
r
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
h
ip
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
li
es
in
its
f
o
cu
s
o
n
lin
k
in
g
co
m
p
et
en
cy
ev
alu
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Tea
ch
in
g
co
mp
ete
n
cies a
n
d
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ia
l p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
mo
n
g
th
e
Ha
s
h
emite
…
(
Hyth
a
m
M.
B
a
n
y
I
s
s
a
)
3559
with
in
a
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
u
n
i
q
u
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
th
at
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
f
ac
u
lty
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t in
itiativ
es a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
at
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ati
o
n
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lty
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lack
o
f
tea
ch
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
wh
ich
lead
s
th
eir
p
o
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
h
eld
b
y
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
at
Hash
em
it
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
lin
k
b
etwe
en
th
o
s
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
th
eir
p
er
ce
iv
ed
en
t
r
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
o
s
es th
e
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
-
T
o
wh
at
ex
ten
t d
o
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
p
o
s
s
ess
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
e
ten
cies a
t th
e
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
f
r
o
m
th
eir
p
o
in
t o
f
v
iew?
-
W
h
at
is
th
e
lev
el
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
at
th
e
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
f
r
o
m
th
eir
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew?
-
I
s
th
er
e
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
lev
el
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
’
p
o
s
s
ess
io
n
o
f
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
e
ten
cies
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
th
eir
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
r
o
m
th
eir
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew?
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple
All
th
e
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
’
s
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
co
m
p
r
is
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
wh
ich
to
tals
8
8
2
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le,
wh
ich
n
u
m
b
er
e
d
3
4
0
f
a
cu
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ted
(
3
9
%)
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
o
v
e
r
all,
was
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
1
9
1
m
ales
an
d
1
4
9
f
em
ales,
with
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
(
8
0
)
,
ass
o
ciate
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
(
1
2
2
)
,
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
t
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
(
1
3
8
)
.
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
an
a
d
eq
u
ate
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
aim
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
tire
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
8
8
2
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
at
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
3
4
0
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
3
9
% o
f
th
e
to
ta
l p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
m
ee
ts
estab
lis
h
ed
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
aliz
ab
ilit
y
in
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
r
esear
ch
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Kr
ejcie
an
d
Mo
r
g
a
n
[
2
5
]
,
f
o
r
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ly
9
0
0
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als,
a
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
2
6
9
wo
u
ld
b
e
ad
e
q
u
ate
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
9
5
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
with
a
5
%
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
.
B
y
s
el
ec
tin
g
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
3
4
0
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
we
e
x
ce
ed
ed
th
is
m
in
im
u
m
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
t,
th
u
s
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
s
ta
tis
tical
p
o
wer
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
in
o
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
ins
t
rum
ent
s
T
o
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
aim
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
at
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
two
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t,
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
f
ac
u
l
ty
m
em
b
er
s
’
p
o
s
s
ess
io
n
o
f
tea
ch
in
g
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies
at
th
e
Ha
s
h
em
it
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
b
ased
o
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
,
[
2
6
]
;
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
lead
e
r
s
h
ip
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
at
th
e
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
af
ter
r
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ad
o
p
te
d
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
(
5
=stro
n
g
l
y
ag
r
ee
;
4
=a
g
r
ee
;
3
=
n
eu
tr
a
l;
2
=I
d
o
n
o
t
ag
r
ee
;
I
=n
ev
er
a
g
r
ee
)
T
h
e
f
in
al
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
p
r
esen
ted
to
a
p
an
el
o
f
e
x
p
er
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
ass
ess
its
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
ts
ju
d
g
e
d
wh
eth
er
t
h
e
item
s
wer
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate,
cl
ea
r
,
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
co
r
r
ec
t
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
o
n
a
f
o
u
r
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
ei
r
jo
b
wa
s
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
ch
an
g
es
as
n
ee
d
e
d
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
is
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
r
ev
is
ed
f
in
d
tu
n
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
an
d
f
in
alize
d
b
ased
o
n
th
at
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
as
an
o
u
tco
m
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
W
e
ass
es
s
ed
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
to
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
th
e
it
em
s
in
ea
c
h
d
o
m
ain
wer
e
in
ter
-
r
elate
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
alp
h
a=
0
.
9
0
f
o
r
item
s
r
elate
d
to
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
0
.
9
4
f
o
r
item
s
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
is
s
h
o
wed
g
o
o
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
with
in
th
e
s
u
b
-
s
ca
les.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
w
er
e
g
at
h
er
ed
b
y
v
is
i
ti
n
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
a
t
t
h
e
Has
h
e
m
i
te
U
n
i
v
er
s
ity
.
T
h
ey
wer
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
s
i
g
n
a
c
o
n
s
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
s
t
ati
n
g
th
ei
r
will
in
g
n
ess
t
o
t
a
k
e
p
a
r
t
in
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
Uti
li
zin
g
SP
SS
v
er
s
io
n
2
1
,
a
n
al
y
s
is
was
c
ar
r
i
ed
o
u
t.
Ar
it
h
m
et
ic
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
ati
o
n
w
e
r
e
u
t
ili
ze
d
f
o
r
d
es
cr
ip
ti
v
e
s
tat
is
ti
cs,
an
d
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
lat
io
n
c
o
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
was
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
P
ea
r
s
o
n
’
s
co
r
r
el
ati
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
f
o
r
i
n
f
e
r
e
n
ti
al
s
ta
tis
ti
cs.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
ese
ar
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
e
x
am
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
e
x
t
en
t
t
o
w
h
ic
h
f
a
cu
l
ty
m
e
m
b
er
s
a
t
Has
h
e
m
it
e
Un
i
v
e
r
s
i
ty
ex
h
i
b
it
t
ea
c
h
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
et
en
ci
es.
A
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
i
n
d
i
ca
t
ed
t
h
a
t
f
ac
u
lt
y
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
th
eir
o
v
e
r
al
l te
ac
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
et
en
cies
to
b
e
a
t
a
“
m
o
d
e
r
at
e
”
l
ev
el
,
wit
h
a
n
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
m
ea
n
o
f
3
.
4
9
an
d
a
s
t
a
n
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iati
o
n
o
f
0
.
5
6
.
T
h
e
r
a
n
k
i
n
g
o
f
c
o
m
p
ete
n
c
y
d
o
m
ain
s
was
as
:
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
a
ca
d
e
m
ic
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies
ti
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
r
a
n
k
(
m
ea
n
=
3
.
5
2
)
,
w
h
i
le
a
d
m
i
n
is
t
r
ati
v
e
a
n
d
c
u
lt
u
r
al
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m
p
et
e
n
c
ies
r
an
k
e
d
n
e
x
t
(
m
ea
n
=
3
.
4
7
)
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
co
m
p
et
en
cies
r
e
ce
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
l
o
w
est
r
a
n
k
(
m
e
an
=3
.
4
4
)
,
y
et
all
wer
e
ca
t
e
g
o
r
i
ze
d
as
m
o
d
e
r
at
e
T
a
b
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
3
5
5
7
-
3564
3560
T
ab
le
1
.
L
e
v
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
M
e
a
n
SD
D
e
g
r
e
e
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
3
.
5
2
0
.
5
7
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
3
.
5
2
0
.
4
6
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
A
d
mi
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
3
.
4
7
0
.
5
9
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
3
.
4
7
0
.
6
7
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
3
.
4
4
0
.
5
8
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
To
t
a
l
3
.
4
9
0
.
5
6
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
f
a
cu
lty
m
em
b
er
s
r
e
co
g
n
ize
th
e
ir
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
as
m
o
d
er
ate,
p
o
ten
tially
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
et
b
y
to
p
-
r
an
k
ed
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
Ma
n
y
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
av
e
co
m
p
leted
th
eir
p
o
s
tg
r
a
d
u
ate
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
th
ey
clo
s
ely
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ad
v
an
ce
d
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies,
lead
in
g
to
a
m
o
d
er
ate
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
e
n
t.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
i
n
an
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
J
o
r
d
an
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
Hash
e
m
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
im
p
ac
t
v
ar
i
o
u
s
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
9
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
co
n
tr
a
d
ict
th
o
s
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
7
]
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
d
h
ig
h
lev
els o
f
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
et
en
cies a
m
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
en
t
r
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
at
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
a
m
o
d
er
ate
r
atin
g
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
with
a
g
r
an
d
m
ea
n
o
f
3
.
4
6
an
d
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
0
.
5
8
.
T
h
is
is
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
m
o
d
er
ate
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
id
en
tifie
d
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
teac
h
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
et
en
cies
m
ay
lea
d
to
en
h
an
c
ed
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ia
l
o
u
tco
m
es,
alig
n
in
g
with
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
c
o
m
m
it
m
en
t
to
to
tal
q
u
ality
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
8
]
–
[
3
3
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
m
ed
i
u
m
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
7
]
–
[
3
8
]
i
n
d
icate
d
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
lev
e
ls
in
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
b
etwe
en
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
in
t
h
e
c
o
lleg
es
o
f
th
e
Hash
em
it
e
Un
iv
er
s
i
ty
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
a
n
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
at
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t
h
ad
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
8
9
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
twee
n
th
e
two
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
ici
en
ts
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
to
as
s
e
s
s
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
is
ass
o
ciatio
n
,
a
s
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
8
9
s
u
g
g
ests
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
as
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
’
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
in
c
r
ea
s
e,
s
o
to
o
d
o
es
t
h
eir
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
i
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
m
ay
m
ea
n
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
th
eir
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
v
ice
v
e
r
s
a.
Hen
ce
,
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
is
t
r
y
in
g
to
a
d
o
p
t
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
to
tal
q
u
ality
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
elec
tin
g
a
n
d
r
etain
in
g
h
ig
h
ly
co
m
p
ete
n
t
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
in
teac
h
in
g
,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
i
n
tu
r
n
to
en
h
a
n
c
e
th
eir
e
n
t
r
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
at
b
o
th
th
e
lo
ca
l
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
lev
els.
T
ab
le
2
.
Pear
s
o
n
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t b
etwe
en
teac
h
in
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies a
n
d
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
En
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
0
.
7
9
*
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
0
.
8
2
*
A
d
mi
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
0
.
8
4
*
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
0
.
8
5
*
P
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
0
.
8
5
*
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
0
.
0
8
9
*
*
p
=
0
.
0
1
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
o
ick
an
d
R
in
g
eisen
[
3
]
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
R
eich
er
t
et
a
l
.
[
2
]
,
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
th
at
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
n
ee
d
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
an
d
p
o
s
s
ess
ar
e
clo
s
ely
lin
k
ed
to
th
eir
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ia
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
to
tal
q
u
ality
p
r
in
cip
l
es
aim
s
to
s
elec
t
an
d
r
etain
h
ig
h
ly
co
m
p
ete
n
t
f
ac
u
lty
,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
eir
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
u
ltima
tely
b
o
o
s
tin
g
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
co
m
p
etiti
v
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
at
b
o
th
lo
ca
l
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
lev
els.
T
h
is
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
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2
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wh
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2252
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8
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3561
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ests
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at
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ca
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p
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ex
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an
d
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Sev
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f
r
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in
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s
h
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ater
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an
g
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tly
e
n
h
an
ce
th
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teac
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in
g
a
n
d
en
tr
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p
r
en
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
.
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n
c
o
n
clu
s
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,
th
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n
o
v
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o
f
th
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s
tu
d
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in
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r
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ce
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th
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a
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d
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ca
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titu
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,
lead
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t
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m
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e
f
f
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s
tr
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f
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f
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ter
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s
ets
am
o
n
g
f
ac
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m
em
b
er
s
.
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tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
co
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ld
f
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s
o
n
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
ef
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e
n
ess
o
f
s
p
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if
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tr
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g
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ter
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tio
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co
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p
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u
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d
itio
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ally
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ex
p
lo
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in
g
h
o
w
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
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ased
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s
in
f
lu
en
ce
in
s
titu
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al
p
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m
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co
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d
p
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ap
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F
UNDING
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Au
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
3
5
5
7
-
3564
3562
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
[
OT
B
],
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
P
.
D
e
l
g
a
d
o
,
C
.
V
a
r
g
a
s,
R
.
A
c
k
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ma
n
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a
n
d
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a
l
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ó
n
,
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t
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w
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w
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p
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s:
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me
t
a
-
a
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y
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e
e
f
f
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t
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d
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d
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1
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.
0
9
.
0
0
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.
[
2
]
F
.
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c
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t
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.
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:
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.