I
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rica
l En
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m
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Science
Vo
l.
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,
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.
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b
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2
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2
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p
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.
1
81
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1
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Vietn
am
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v
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1.
I
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RO
D
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L
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t
-
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d
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e
(
L
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life
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,
th
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s
witch
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g
tim
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f
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ex
tr
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f
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t
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h
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s
p
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o
m
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n
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h
an
k
s
to
th
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s
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ar
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is
ti
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m
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attr
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an
y
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ch
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s
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f
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eq
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VL
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p
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s
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n
s
p
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d
s
,
an
d
im
p
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o
v
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d
s
af
ety
[
1
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
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al
VL
C
-
b
ased
p
o
s
it
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s
h
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th
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ly
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s
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s
tem
s
.
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x
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ased
VL
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m
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ased
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l
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L
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Ds.
E
ac
h
L
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D
h
as
its
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D
wh
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s
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f
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r
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L
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co
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s
eq
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tly
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esti
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ated
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o
f
th
e
o
b
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is
an
ar
ea
o
f
L
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D
co
v
er
ag
e
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
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o
x
im
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m
eth
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d
p
a
y
s
less
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ten
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to
VL
C
P.
Me
an
wh
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th
e
f
i
n
g
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g
an
d
tr
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g
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ased
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av
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is
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.
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h
e
f
in
g
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p
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in
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g
m
eth
o
d
i
d
en
tifie
s
th
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o
b
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’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
b
y
m
atc
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in
g
th
e
o
n
lin
e
-
p
h
ase
d
ata
to
o
f
f
lin
e
-
p
h
ase
d
ata
[
4
]
-
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
o
f
f
lin
e
-
p
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ase
d
ata
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t
h
e
r
ec
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f
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th
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ase
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th
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ec
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R
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th
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r
r
en
t
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s
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n
.
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ian
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latio
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ased
VL
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ac
h
iev
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o
b
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o
s
itio
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s
in
g
th
e
g
e
o
m
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f
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tu
r
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in
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a
n
g
u
latio
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d
s
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R
eg
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lati
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ith
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t
h
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Ao
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m
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ased
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
40
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
1
81
-
1
88
182
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
of
i
n
cid
en
t
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
L
E
Ds.
Sin
ce
g
ain
in
g
th
e
an
g
le
o
f
in
cid
en
ce
,
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
i
n
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
b
ea
r
i
n
g
s
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
th
e
tim
e
o
f
ar
r
iv
al
an
d
tim
e
d
i
f
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er
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ce
o
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ar
r
iv
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th
an
k
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th
e
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r
iv
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ig
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o
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d
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to
d
eter
m
in
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th
e
d
is
tan
ce
as
th
e
s
id
e
b
etwe
en
L
E
Ds
to
t
h
e
o
b
ject
an
d
th
en
d
er
i
v
e
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
[
1
6
]
-
[
19]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
a
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
R
SS
d
eter
m
in
es
th
is
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
L
E
D
to
o
b
ject
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
el
atio
n
al
L
am
b
e
r
t
ian
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
wer
[
20
]
-
[
25
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
o
f
at
least
th
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ee
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s
m
itter
s
to
b
u
ild
th
e
th
r
ee
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cir
cle
eq
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n
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
o
b
ject
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
is
eq
u
atio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
ly
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
lack
o
f
a
f
u
lly
wo
r
k
in
g
L
E
D
c
au
s
es
th
e
h
ig
h
p
o
s
itio
n
er
r
o
r
r
esu
lt.
On
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
th
at
lead
s
to
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h
is
s
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n
i
s
th
e
d
im
m
in
g
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o
m
e
n
o
n
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Dim
m
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ac
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tly
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e
o
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o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
esti
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
4
x
1
MI
SO
in
d
o
o
r
VL
C
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
e
l
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
a
n
aly
ze
as
well
as
ev
alu
ate
th
e
d
im
m
in
g
a
f
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
VC
L
P
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
llo
ws
:
s
ec
tio
n
2
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
4
x
1
MI
SO
s
y
s
tem
.
Sectio
n
3
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
t
h
e
th
e
d
im
m
in
g
ef
f
ec
t.
Sectio
n
4
v
er
if
ies
d
im
m
in
g
ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
er
r
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
is
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
2.
VL
C
SY
ST
E
M
ARCH
I
T
E
C
T
UR
E
T
h
e
4
x
1
MI
SO
VL
C
h
as
f
o
u
r
L
E
D
o
p
er
atin
g
as
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
an
d
one
P
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
as
a
r
ec
eiv
er
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
m
o
v
es
r
an
d
o
m
ly
o
n
th
e
f
l
o
o
r
o
f
th
e
r
o
o
m
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
lig
h
t
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
L
E
D.
T
r
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
f
r
o
m
L
E
D
is
m
o
d
u
lat
e
d
u
s
in
g
non
-
r
etu
r
n
-
ze
r
o
o
n
-
o
f
f
-
k
ey
in
g
(
NR
Z
-
OOK)
s
ch
em
e
in
tim
e
d
u
r
atio
n
d
en
o
ted
b
y
.
Su
p
p
o
s
e
th
at
ea
ch
L
E
D
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
p
o
we
r
o
f
P.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
h
o
ws th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
as f
o
llo
w:
=
×
(
)
(
1
)
W
h
er
e:
=
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
o
f
L
E
D
w
ith
in
d
ex
i
=
m
o
d
u
lated
d
ata
(
)
=
{
,
0
≤
≤
0
,
ℎ
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
4
×1
MI
SO V
L
C
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
On
th
e
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
s
id
e
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
at
ce
r
tain
tim
e,
th
e
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
L
E
D
an
d
L
E
D
h
as its
I
D
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiate
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
t
h
e
r
.
=
∑
×
×
+
4
=
1
with
≥
(
3
)
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
ata
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
f
o
u
r
f
ac
to
r
s
in
clu
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
m
en
tal
co
ef
f
icien
ce
,
tr
an
s
m
ited
d
ata
,
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
n
o
is
e
N.
T
h
a
n
k
s
to
in
d
o
o
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
en
v
ir
o
m
en
tal
co
ef
f
icien
ce
ass
u
m
es
to
b
e
e
q
u
al
to
1
an
d
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
am
b
ie
n
t
lig
h
t
lea
d
s
to
n
o
n
o
is
e
(
N=
0
)
.
T
h
e
(
3
)
ca
n
b
e
r
ewr
ited
u
n
d
e
r
f
o
llo
win
g
m
atr
ix
f
u
n
ctio
n
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
ev
a
l
u
a
tio
n
a
b
o
u
t th
e
d
imma
b
le
lig
h
t
a
ffect
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Tr
a
n
g
N
g
u
ye
n
)
183
(
)
=
[
1
2
3
4
]
[
1
2
3
4
]
(
4
)
I
n
ad
d
tio
n
,
r
ec
eiv
e
d
p
o
wer
e
q
u
atio
n
is
o
n
ly
ca
lc
u
lated
in
ca
s
e
o
f
ad
a
p
tin
g
d
etec
to
r
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
p
h
o
to
d
i
o
d
e
(
R
)
.
C
h
an
n
el
m
o
d
elin
g
is
L
am
b
er
tian
r
a
d
iatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
=
{
(
+
1
)
2
2
(
)
0
,
ℎ
(
5
)
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ar
ea
A
o
f
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
d
etec
to
r
ca
n
ar
ch
iev
es
th
e
tr
asm
itted
p
o
wer
,
i
an
d
i
ar
e
th
e
an
g
le
o
f
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
b
etwe
en
L
E
D
i
an
d
PD.
is
th
e
L
am
b
er
tian
o
r
d
e
r
:
=
−
(
2
)
(
(
1
/
2
)
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
1
/
2
s
em
i
-
an
g
le
o
f
h
alf
in
te
n
s
ity
p
o
wer
o
f
L
E
D
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
MI
SO V
L
C
SYSTE
M
ch
an
n
el
3.
DIM
M
I
NG
E
F
F
E
C
T
L
E
D
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
im
m
e
d
o
v
er
tim
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
in
t
h
e
d
r
iv
er
o
f
L
E
D.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ac
ts
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wh
ich
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
k
ee
p
in
g
th
e
s
tab
le
cu
r
r
en
t.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
L
E
D
f
li
ck
s
ex
tr
em
ely
f
ast
r
esu
ltin
g
to
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
as
f
ast
as
L
E
D
s
witch
i
n
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
al
o
n
g
th
e
tim
e,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
d
o
es
n
o
t
e
n
s
u
r
e
f
u
ll
o
p
er
atio
n
wh
ich
lea
d
s
to
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
p
o
we
r
o
f
L
E
D.
Ass
u
m
e
th
at
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
L
E
D
is
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
tim
e,
an
d
in
te
n
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
alo
n
g
th
e
tim
e
as f
l
o
win
g
:
=
×
with
0
<
<
1
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t p
o
wer
o
f
L
E
D,
is
in
itial p
o
wer
,
r
ad
ix
a
an
d
tim
e
t
p
r
esen
t th
e
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
alo
n
g
th
e
life
tim
e
o
f
L
E
D
(
L
)
.
T
h
e
life
tim
e
o
f
L
E
D
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
L
E
D.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
wh
ite
L
E
D
is
ass
u
m
in
g
u
s
ed
,
t
h
e
lu
m
en
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
lev
el
o
f
L
E
D
is
ex
p
er
im
en
ted
an
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
at
7
0
%
(
70
)
an
d
5
0
%
(
50
)
af
ter
3
5
.
0
0
0
h
o
u
r
s
an
d
5
0
.
0
0
0
o
p
er
atio
n
h
o
u
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
as
s
h
o
wn
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
is
lev
el
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
t
h
e
p
o
wer
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
as we
ll a
s
th
e
R
SS
o
f
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
in
MI
SO sy
s
tem
as sh
o
wn
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
4
(
a
)
,
4
(
b
)
,
4
(
c
)
f
ig
u
r
e
s
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
L
E
Ds
co
r
r
esp
o
d
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
lu
m
in
an
ce
lev
el
(
100
,
70
,
50
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
40
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
20
25
:
1
81
-
1
88
184
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
L
E
D
alo
n
g
th
e
tim
e
with
=1
0
w
an
d
a=
0
.
9
1
4
6
9
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Po
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
L
E
D
with
(
a
)
100
,
(
b
)
70
,
an
d
(
c)
50
4.
T
RIA
NG
UL
A
T
I
O
N
B
AS
E
D
VL
CP
T
r
ian
g
u
latio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
g
ical
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
in
d
o
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
At
l
ea
s
t
th
r
ee
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
lo
ca
lize
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
r
ec
eiv
er
is
co
m
m
o
n
v
ar
ia
b
le
o
f
t
h
r
ee
eq
u
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
is
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
ee
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
ce
n
ter
s
o
f
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
p
r
o
jectio
n
th
e
L
E
D
’
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
n
th
e
2
-
D
f
lo
o
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
5.
T
r
ian
g
u
latio
n
b
ased
VL
C
P
T
h
r
ee
cir
cles c
an
b
e
wr
itten
u
n
d
er
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
:
(
−
1
)
2
+
(
−
1
)
2
=
1
2
(
−
2
)
2
+
(
−
2
)
2
=
2
2
(
8
)
(
−
3
)
2
+
(
−
3
)
2
=
3
2
(
1
,
1
)
,
(
2
,
2
)
,
(
3
,
3
)
ar
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
ce
n
ter
o
f
cir
cles
as
well
as
tr
an
s
m
it
ter
1
,
2
,
3
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
1
,
2
,
3
wh
ich
ar
e
r
a
d
iu
s
o
f
cir
cles,
th
ey
also
ar
e
th
e
r
an
g
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
jectio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
t
o
p
h
o
to
d
i
o
d
e
.
T
h
ese
r
ad
iu
s
in
f
e
r
r
ed
f
r
o
m
R
SS
o
f
LED
an
d
tr
ilater
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
th
e
R
S
S
o
f
p
h
o
to
d
io
d
e
is
o
n
e
o
f
d
ata
w
h
ich
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
el
,
th
en
,
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
is
ca
cu
lated
as a
s
id
e
o
f
r
i
g
h
t tr
ia
n
g
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
ev
a
l
u
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185
=
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Fig
u
r
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p
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VL
C
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y
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u
r
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s
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im
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u
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d
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ig
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Fig
u
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ata
Fig
u
r
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.
Of
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ata
-
b
ased
p
o
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is
tr
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tio
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
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40
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1
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h
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atch
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ig
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r
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s
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r
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r
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t
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6.
CO
NCLU
SI
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h
e
p
ap
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r
f
o
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s
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n
th
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p
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tem
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d
ad
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th
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ased
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o
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im
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en
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d
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im
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p
o
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is
tr
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ated
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n
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r
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im
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F
UNDING
I
NF
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M
A
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h
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au
th
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s
co
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ep
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p
r
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d
p
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b
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o
f
th
is
ar
ticle.
AUTHO
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is
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ax
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th
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ip
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.
Na
m
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Dat
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
ev
a
l
u
a
tio
n
a
b
o
u
t th
e
d
imma
b
le
lig
h
t
a
ffect
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
-
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Tr
a
n
g
N
g
u
ye
n
)
187
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
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R
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ST
A
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M
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in
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ter
ests
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p
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k
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n
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a
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f
th
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lease
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lict o
f
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ter
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
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L
I
T
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h
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ata
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esp
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t
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[
D.
Vu
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]
,
u
p
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n
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ea
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le
r
eq
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est.
RE
F
E
R
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NC
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[
1
]
Y
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Lu
mi
n
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,
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a
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a
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