I
AE
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
Ar
t
if
icial
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
Vol.
14,
No.
5:
Oc
tober
2025
,
pp.
4353
~
4362
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jai
.
v
14
.i
5
.
pp
43
53
-
4362
4353
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
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:
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ran
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CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
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ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
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s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Nur
F
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De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
A
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a
bic
L
a
ngua
ge
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c
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f
L
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tt
e
r
s
,
Unive
r
s
it
a
s
Ne
ge
r
i
M
a
lang
S
t.
05
S
e
mar
a
ng,
M
a
lang
C
it
y,
E
a
s
t
J
a
va
,
I
ndone
s
i
a
E
mail:
nu
r
.
f
a
izin
.
f
s
@um.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
5.
0
s
oc
iety
e
r
a
ha
s
made
tec
hnology
a
n
int
e
gr
a
l
pa
r
t
of
da
il
y
li
f
e
.
T
he
5
.
0
s
oc
iety
e
r
a
e
na
bles
humans
to
uti
l
ize
moder
n
tec
hnology
-
ba
s
e
d
knowle
dge
to
mee
t
their
ne
e
ds
f
o
r
f
a
s
t
a
nd
c
omf
or
table
moveme
nt.
T
he
4.
0
indus
tr
ial
r
e
volut
ion
e
r
a
ha
s
int
r
oduc
e
d
humans
to
the
d
igi
tal
wor
ld
,
whic
h
le
ve
r
a
ge
s
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
tec
hnology
to
c
onne
c
t
a
ll
i
nf
or
mation
on
the
in
te
r
ne
t.
Adva
nc
e
ments
in
I
oT
ha
ve
led
humans
to
a
r
ti
f
icia
l
int
e
ll
igenc
e
(
AI
)
,
whic
h
is
no
w
wide
ly
us
e
d
by
humans
[
1]
.
S
ome
ti
me
a
go,
C
ha
tGP
T
,
e
nginee
r
e
d
by
Ope
nAI
,
be
c
a
me
a
ve
r
y
popular
AI
tec
hnology.
S
a
m
Altm
a
n
,
C
E
O
of
Ope
nAI
,
n
oted
that
C
ha
tGP
T
ha
d
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
obtaine
d
mor
e
than
on
e
mi
ll
ion
us
e
r
s
in
jus
t
f
ive
da
ys
of
it
s
p
r
im
a
r
y
-
s
tage
launc
h
[
2]
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
one
S
wis
s
I
nve
s
tm
e
nt
B
a
nk
,
C
ha
tGP
T
is
the
f
a
s
tes
t
-
gr
owing
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
that
int
e
r
a
c
ts
dir
e
c
tl
y
with
us
e
r
s
in
the
his
tor
y
of
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
d
e
ve
lopm
e
nt
[
3]
.
As
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
s
ys
tem
c
a
pa
ble
of
unde
r
s
tanding
it
s
e
nvir
on
ment
to
a
c
t
in
w
a
ys
that
maximi
z
e
oppor
tuni
ti
e
s
f
o
r
va
r
ious
pur
pos
e
s
[
4
]
–
[
6]
,
AI
op
e
r
a
tes
s
im
il
a
r
ly
to
how
the
hu
man
br
a
in
thi
nks
.
AI
make
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14,
No.
5:
Oc
tober
2025
:
43
53
-
4362
4354
pr
e
dictions
,
a
ns
we
r
s
,
or
de
c
is
ions
by
lea
r
ning
a
nd
a
na
lyzing
a
s
much
da
ta
a
s
it
r
e
c
e
ives
[
7]
.
T
he
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
AI
tec
hnology
ha
s
b
r
ought
a
bout
va
r
ious
c
ha
ng
e
s
in
human
l
if
e
.
T
a
e
c
ha
r
ungr
oj
[
2
]
r
e
ve
a
led
that
t
he
r
e
a
r
e
f
our
main
is
s
ue
s
that
ne
e
d
to
be
c
ons
ider
e
d
be
c
a
us
e
of
AI
a
dva
nc
e
s
,
na
mely
the
e
volut
ion
of
wor
k
,
the
ne
w
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
lands
c
a
pe
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
ge
ne
r
a
l
AI
,
a
nd
the
e
thi
c
a
l
dil
e
mm
a
of
p
r
ogr
e
s
s
.
P
r
e
vious
ly,
L
a
ne
[
8]
obs
e
r
ve
d
that
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
AI
tec
hnology
ha
s
br
ought
togethe
r
s
c
ientif
ic
a
dva
nc
e
ments
a
nd
is
s
ue
s
in
r
e
li
gious
s
tudi
e
s
.
C
ha
tGP
T
is
one
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
that
ha
s
c
onc
e
r
ne
d
L
a
n
e
[
8]
,
a
s
it
is
a
n
AI
tec
hnology
that
c
a
n
not
only
identif
y
pa
tt
e
r
ns
in
r
e
li
gious
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
but
a
ls
o
be
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
ll
y
us
e
d
to
wr
it
e
s
e
r
mons
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
while
pr
ovid
ing
c
onf
idenc
e
in
the
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
of
r
e
li
gious
s
tudi
e
s
.
R
e
li
gion
ha
s
dim
e
n
s
ions
of
s
a
nc
ti
ty
a
nd
s
pir
it
ua
l
va
lues
wi
thi
n
it
.
I
n
the
be
li
e
f
s
of
it
s
f
oll
owe
r
s
,
r
e
li
g
ion
is
a
lwa
ys
r
a
ti
ona
l
a
nd
c
a
n
a
da
pt
to
de
ve
lopm
e
nts
[
9]
–
[
11
]
.
W
he
n
AI
is
wide
ly
us
e
d
by
s
oc
iety
in
a
r
e
li
gio
us
c
ontext,
it
br
ings
a
bout
c
ha
nge
s
in
r
e
li
gious
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
,
unde
r
s
tanding
of
r
e
li
gious
texts
,
r
e
li
giou
s
e
duc
a
ti
on,
a
nd
other
a
r
e
a
s
[
12]
.
T
he
us
e
of
A
I
ha
s
e
thi
c
a
l
im
pli
c
a
ti
on
s
in
r
e
li
gious
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
,
r
e
li
gious
text
tr
a
ns
lation
a
nd
a
na
lys
is
,
int
e
r
f
a
it
h
dialogue
,
a
nd
e
ve
n
theologica
l
im
pli
c
a
ti
ons
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
Andr
ians
ya
h
[
13]
,
the
r
e
ha
s
be
e
n
a
n
incr
e
a
s
e
in
the
number
of
publi
c
a
t
ions
li
nking
r
e
li
gion
a
nd
AI
r
e
c
e
ntl
y.
T
hi
s
a
ls
o
indi
c
a
tes
c
ha
ng
e
s
or
tr
a
ns
f
or
mations
in
the
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
of
r
e
li
gion
.
T
his
a
r
ti
c
le
e
xa
mi
ne
s
the
pos
s
ibi
li
ty
of
c
ha
nge
s
a
n
d
tr
a
ns
f
or
mations
in
r
e
li
gious
va
lues
a
r
is
ing
f
r
om
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
o
f
A
I
a
nd
it
s
us
e
in
M
us
li
m
c
om
muni
ti
e
s
.
Us
ing
a
c
a
s
e
s
tudy
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
take
s
C
ha
tGP
T
a
s
it
s
objec
t
o
f
s
tudy
.
T
his
a
r
ti
c
le
a
i
m
s
to
r
a
is
e
a
wa
r
e
ne
s
s
a
mong
s
c
holar
s
,
poli
c
ymak
e
r
s
,
a
nd
r
e
li
gious
c
omm
unit
ies
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
M
us
li
ms
,
s
o
t
ha
t
they
a
r
e
no
longer
c
onf
us
e
d
by
the
s
e
c
ha
n
ge
s
a
nd
tr
a
ns
f
or
mations
a
nd
c
a
n
pr
e
pa
r
e
a
ppr
opr
iate
mea
s
ur
e
s
to
de
a
l
with
them
in
thi
s
e
r
a
o
f
A
I
.
2.
M
E
T
HO
D
T
he
s
tudy
make
s
us
e
of
a
qua
li
tative
c
a
s
e
s
tudy
m
e
thod
a
dopted
f
r
om
C
r
e
s
we
ll
a
nd
P
oth
[
14
]
,
whic
h
f
oc
us
e
s
on
in
-
de
pth
e
xplor
a
ti
on
of
unique
is
s
ue
s
withi
n
a
li
mi
t
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
r
a
mew
or
k
.
T
his
metho
d
a
ll
ows
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
to
unde
r
s
tand
the
topi
c
thor
oughly
a
nd
e
na
bles
f
lexible
int
e
r
pr
e
tation.
T
he
s
teps
take
n
in
thi
s
s
tudy
c
a
n
be
e
xplaine
d
in
the
f
oll
owing
s
ys
tema
ti
c
s
tage
s
:
i)
F
or
mul
a
ti
on
of
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
oblem
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
que
s
ti
on.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
identi
f
ies
ge
ne
r
a
l
I
s
la
mi
c
is
s
ue
s
a
nd
va
lues
a
nd
their
r
e
lations
hip
to
the
d
e
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
AI
tec
hnology.
T
his
ident
if
ica
ti
on
is
ba
s
e
d
on
a
n
e
xten
s
ive
li
ter
a
tur
e
r
e
view
a
nd
f
oc
us
e
s
on
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ga
p
s
,
na
mely
the
int
e
r
s
e
c
ti
on
be
tw
e
e
n
AI
a
nd
I
s
lamic
va
lues
that
may
unde
r
go
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on.
ii)
De
ter
mi
ning
the
s
c
ope
of
the
c
a
s
e
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
e
ts
the
s
c
ope
of
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
topi
c
ba
s
e
d
on
c
r
it
e
r
ia
r
e
late
d
to
I
s
lamic
va
lues
a
nd
e
pis
temology.
At
thi
s
s
tage
,
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
a
ls
o
li
mi
ts
the
s
tudy
to
C
ha
tGP
T
ve
r
s
ion
3.
0
,
whic
h
ha
s
not
be
e
n
upgr
a
de
d.
T
his
is
to
e
ns
ur
e
the
a
ppr
opr
iate
ne
s
s
of
us
i
ng
C
ha
tGP
T
withi
n
the
f
r
a
mew
or
k
of
I
s
lamic
e
pis
tem
ologi
c
a
l
va
lues
.
iii)
Da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ti
on.
I
n
thi
s
pha
s
e
,
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
c
oll
e
c
ts
pr
im
a
r
y
da
ta
thr
ough
dir
e
c
t
in
ter
a
c
ti
on
with
C
ha
tGP
T
a
nd
c
onduc
ts
c
onti
nuous
s
im
ulations
ove
r
a
c
e
r
tain
pe
r
iod
o
f
ti
me.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
u
s
e
s
que
s
ti
ons
ba
s
e
d
on
pr
ompt
s
r
e
late
d
to
I
s
lamic
e
du
c
a
ti
on,
I
s
lamic
law
,
I
s
lamic
da
'wa
h,
a
nd
int
e
r
pr
e
tat
ion
of
the
Qur
'a
n.
E
xa
mpl
e
s
o
f
pr
o
mpt
s
includ
e
que
s
ti
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
:
‘
W
ha
t
is
the
AI
's
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
on
I
s
la
mi
c
va
lues
?
’
f
oll
owe
d
by
s
e
ve
r
a
l
que
s
ti
ons
a
bout
I
s
la
mi
c
e
duc
a
ti
on,
I
s
lamic
law
,
a
nd
s
o
on
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
a
ls
o
uti
li
z
e
d
s
e
c
onda
r
y
da
ta
f
r
om
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
r
ti
c
l
e
s
in
pe
e
r
-
r
e
view
e
d
jou
r
na
ls
f
r
om
da
taba
s
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
Google
S
c
holar
,
W
e
b
of
S
c
ienc
e
(
W
oS
)
,
S
c
opus
,
E
R
I
C
,
a
nd
I
E
E
E
a
s
we
ll
a
s
other
r
e
leva
nt
doc
ume
nts
s
uc
h
a
s
inf
or
mation
media
.
iv)
S
im
ulation
a
nd
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
s
e
tup.
T
he
s
im
ulati
on
wa
s
c
onduc
ted
on
C
ha
tGP
T
ve
r
s
ion
3
.
0
be
twe
e
n
J
a
nua
r
y
a
nd
M
a
r
c
h
2024
.
T
he
s
im
ulation
wa
s
c
on
duc
ted
in
E
ngli
s
h
a
nd
I
ndone
s
ian
to
obs
e
r
ve
li
ngui
s
ti
c
nua
nc
e
s
in
r
e
li
gious
int
e
r
pr
e
tation
.
All
C
ha
tGP
T
r
e
s
pons
e
s
in
the
s
im
ulation
we
r
e
then
s
a
ve
d,
c
a
tegor
is
e
d,
a
nd
a
na
lys
e
d.
T
h
is
me
t
ho
do
lo
gi
c
a
l
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
is
i
ll
us
tr
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
,
w
hi
c
h
ou
t
li
ne
s
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
te
ps
f
r
o
m
p
r
ob
le
m
f
o
r
mu
la
ti
on
to
i
nte
r
p
r
e
tat
i
on
.
T
o
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
he
da
ta
f
o
r
a
na
ly
s
is
,
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
pe
r
f
o
r
med
t
he
f
o
ll
o
w
in
g
:
i)
T
r
iangula
ti
on
a
nd
a
na
lys
is
.
T
his
wa
s
done
to
e
ns
ur
e
va
li
dit
y
.
T
he
matic
a
na
lys
is
c
ontent
a
na
lys
is
of
the
c
ol
lec
ted
da
ta
wa
s
then
r
e
pe
a
tedly
e
xtr
a
c
ted
to
identif
y
e
thi
c
a
l
dil
e
mm
a
s
a
nd
tr
a
ns
f
or
mations
in
e
xpr
e
s
s
ing
r
e
li
gion.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
us
e
d
I
s
lamic
ter
ms
a
s
ke
ywor
ds
or
c
ode
s
with
a
n
inductive
-
de
duc
ti
ve
a
ppr
oa
c
h.
ii)
I
nter
pr
e
tation
o
f
r
e
s
ult
s
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
then
int
e
r
pr
e
ts
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
t
r
iangula
ti
on
a
nd
a
na
l
ys
is
a
bove
us
ing
I
s
lamic
e
pis
temology
a
nd
va
lues
,
s
uc
h
a
s
theologies
,
s
ha
r
ia,
da
'wa
h,
e
thi
c
s
or
mor
a
ls
.
T
his
pha
s
e
a
ls
o
c
lar
if
ies
the
c
ha
nge
s
in
I
s
lamic
va
lues
that
ha
ve
c
ha
nge
d
or
r
e
maine
d
in
the
c
ontext
of
the
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
I
s
lam
a
nd
A
I
tec
hnology.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
mation
of
is
lamic
v
alues
in
the
e
r
a
of
ar
ti
f
icial
int
e
ll
igenc
e
(
N
ur
F
a
iz
in
)
4355
F
igur
e
1.
M
e
thodol
ogica
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
One
type
of
C
ha
tGP
T
is
ve
r
s
ion
3.
0
.
C
ha
tGP
T
3
.
0
is
c
r
e
a
ted
a
f
ter
tr
a
ini
ng
a
langua
ge
model
with
da
ta
c
ontaining
175
bil
li
on
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
.
L
ike
a
ny
other
AI
in
the
ma
r
ke
t,
C
ha
tGP
T
is
tr
a
ined
on
a
b
r
oa
d
a
nd
na
tur
a
ll
y
oc
c
ur
r
ing
text
c
or
pus
.
T
he
c
or
pus
c
ons
i
s
ts
of
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
types
of
texts
including
,
but
not
li
mi
ted
to,
books
,
we
bpa
ge
s
,
a
r
ti
c
les
,
publi
s
he
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
s
oc
ial
media
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
a
mong
o
ther
s
.
C
h
a
tGP
T
is
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
in
na
tur
e
,
im
plyi
ng
that
C
ha
tGP
T
doe
s
not
s
olely
pe
r
f
or
m
a
na
lys
e
s
on
e
xis
ti
ng
da
ta,
but
ha
s
the
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
a
nd
c
r
e
a
te
ne
w
da
ta
.
C
ha
tG
P
T
ha
s
the
a
bil
it
y
to
ident
if
y
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
nd
s
ynthes
ize
ne
w
da
ta
f
r
om
thos
e
pa
tt
e
r
ns
.
B
e
c
a
us
e
of
thi
s
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
qua
li
ty,
ther
e
a
r
e
r
is
ks
of
majo
r
a
l
ter
a
ti
ons
be
i
ng
made
whe
n
C
ha
tGP
T
is
a
ppli
e
d
to
r
e
li
gious
matter
s
.
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
dds
s
oc
io
-
r
e
li
gious
pr
oblems
to
t
he
f
ields
c
oll
e
c
ted
by
Dw
ivedi
e
t
al
.
[
3]
.
I
n
r
e
li
gious
is
s
ue
s
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
f
ield
of
I
s
lam,
C
ha
tGP
T
c
a
n
r
e
-
c
onc
e
ptualize
c
ontent
s
o
that
the
r
e
s
ult
s
r
e
s
e
mbl
e
ne
w
wr
it
ing.
T
his
s
tudy
f
ound
mi
s
inf
or
mation
a
s
a
ls
o
de
s
c
r
ibed
by
Dw
ivedi
e
t
al
.
[
3]
,
a
lt
hough
C
ha
tGP
T
is
a
ble
to
pr
oduc
e
c
r
e
dibl
e
-
looki
ng
pa
pe
r
s
,
they
a
r
e
not
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
il
y
ba
s
e
d
on
f
a
c
ts
.
T
his
f
indi
ng
in
the
r
e
li
gious
f
ield
is
in
li
ne
with
the
f
in
dings
of
W
it
tm
a
nn
[
15]
who
ga
ve
the
r
e
a
s
on
that
C
ha
tGP
T
ha
s
not
be
e
n
a
ble
to
dis
ti
nguis
h
be
twe
e
n
f
a
c
tual
a
nd
f
ictional
da
ta
,
s
o
the
a
ns
we
r
s
pr
oduc
e
d
c
a
n
b
e
bias
e
d
a
nd
da
nge
r
ous
.
I
n
the
c
ontext
of
r
e
li
gion,
s
uc
h
e
r
r
or
s
a
r
e
s
e
ns
it
ive
to
it
s
a
dhe
r
e
nts
.
I
n
s
im
pler
ter
ms
,
C
ha
tGP
T
ge
ts
tr
a
ined
on
the
c
onne
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
texts
.
T
he
de
ve
lopm
e
nts
a
nd
im
pleme
ntations
of
AI
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
a
r
e
bound
to
br
ing
major
s
hif
ts
in
a
r
e
a
s
li
ke
s
oc
ial
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
,
bus
ines
s
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
,
gove
r
na
nc
e
,
a
nd
e
ve
n
in
innovation
a
nd
c
r
e
a
ti
vit
y,
including
it
s
s
oc
io
-
r
e
li
gious
dim
e
ns
ions
li
ke
p
r
omot
ing
r
e
li
gion
a
nd
in
ter
-
r
e
li
gious
a
c
ti
vit
ies
.
Although
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
dis
a
gr
e
e
with
the
f
in
dings
of
Kolides
e
t
al
.
[
16]
who
s
tate
that
ther
e
is
a
h
igh
p
r
oba
bil
it
y
th
a
t
C
ha
tGP
T
will
e
mer
ge
a
s
a
mor
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
tool
of
mi
s
inf
or
mation,
dis
inf
or
mation
,
a
nd
manipulation.
3.
1.
T
r
an
s
f
or
m
at
ion
of
I
s
lam
ic
e
d
u
c
at
ion
e
t
h
ics
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
e
thi
c
s
plac
e
e
duc
a
tor
s
a
s
mor
a
l
c
ontr
ols
in
the
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
p
r
oc
e
s
s
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
digi
tal
e
r
a
that
is
a
bunda
nt
with
in
f
or
mation
s
our
c
e
s
[
17]
.
I
n
thi
s
c
ontext
,
the
p
r
e
s
e
nc
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
a
s
a
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
AI
ha
s
pr
e
s
e
nted
ne
w
c
ha
ll
e
n
ge
s
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
oppor
tuni
ti
e
s
f
o
r
the
wor
ld
of
e
duc
a
ti
on,
i
nc
ludi
ng
r
e
li
gious
e
duc
a
ti
on.
T
he
e
me
r
ge
nc
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
t
ha
t
c
a
n
wr
it
e
text
c
r
e
a
ti
ve
ly
a
nd
quickly,
I
s
lamic
r
e
li
gious
e
duc
a
tor
s
a
r
e
r
e
qui
r
e
d
to
play
a
n
a
c
ti
ve
r
ole
a
s
inf
or
mation
f
il
ter
s
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
r
e
inf
o
r
c
e
r
s
in
l
e
a
r
ning.
D
wi
ve
di
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
]
s
ha
r
e
a
s
im
il
a
r
v
iew
,
c
on
c
l
ud
ing
th
a
t
whe
n
C
h
a
t
GP
T
is
us
e
d
a
s
a
me
di
um
in
e
d
uc
a
t
io
n
,
i
t
l
a
c
ks
e
th
ica
l
a
wa
r
e
ne
s
s
a
nd
c
a
nn
ot
un
de
r
s
t
a
n
d
t
he
c
o
n
tex
t
of
va
lu
e
s
t
ha
t
s
h
ou
ld
be
pa
r
t
o
f
t
he
lea
r
ni
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
.
C
onc
e
r
ns
a
bout
C
ha
tGP
T
's
we
a
kn
e
s
s
e
s
,
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
r
e
ga
r
ding
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
in
f
or
mation
,
ha
ve
be
c
ome
a
topi
c
of
wide
s
pr
e
a
d
de
ba
te
in
global
e
duc
a
ti
on
c
ir
c
les
.
S
ome
univer
s
it
ies
ha
ve
e
ve
n
is
s
ue
d
poli
c
ies
ba
nning
it
s
us
e
in
f
inal
p
r
ojec
t
wr
i
ti
ng
a
nd
r
e
quir
ing
a
s
tate
m
e
nt
of
or
igi
na
l
it
y.
T
his
c
onc
e
r
n
is
not
without
r
e
a
s
on,
be
c
a
us
e
the
va
lue
o
f
tr
uth
that
is
a
t
the
c
or
e
of
e
duc
a
ti
on
c
a
n
be
obs
c
ur
e
d
whe
n
the
in
f
or
mation
pr
ovided
by
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
mac
hines
doe
s
not
go
thr
o
ugh
a
s
c
ientif
ic
ve
r
i
f
ica
ti
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
or
tahqiq
kno
wle
d
ge
a
s
e
mphas
ize
d
in
the
I
s
lamic
s
c
ientif
ic
t
r
a
dit
ion.
T
his
c
onc
e
r
n
a
r
is
e
s
ba
s
e
d
on
R
a
y
[
18
]
e
xplana
ti
on
that
the
u
s
e
o
f
A
I
w
it
ho
ut
p
r
o
pe
r
g
ui
da
nc
e
c
a
n
po
s
e
a
r
is
k
of
ove
r
-
r
e
li
a
n
c
e
a
nd
e
r
od
e
t
he
a
ut
he
nt
ic
it
y
o
f
s
c
i
e
n
ti
f
ic
wo
r
k
.
F
ur
the
r
mor
e
,
the
va
lues
of
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
e
duc
a
ti
on
,
s
uc
h
a
s
hone
s
ty,
r
e
s
pons
ibi
li
ty,
a
nd
s
pir
it
ua
l
a
wa
r
e
ne
s
s
that
ha
ve
be
e
n
int
e
gr
a
ted
in
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
ti
on
f
a
c
e
gr
e
a
t
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
in
the
AI
e
r
a
[
17]
,
[
19]
,
[
20
]
.
Hone
s
ty,
f
or
e
xa
mpl
e
,
is
not
only
a
mor
a
l
a
tt
i
tude,
but
a
ls
o
a
pe
da
gogica
l
dim
e
ns
ion
that
mus
t
be
e
xe
mpl
if
ied
by
e
duc
a
tor
s
.
I
n
the
c
ontext
of
us
ing
C
ha
tGP
T
,
e
d
uc
a
tor
s
a
r
e
r
e
qui
r
e
d
to
ope
nly
a
c
knowle
dge
the
us
e
of
thi
s
tec
hnology,
both
in
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
tea
c
hing
ma
ter
ials
a
nd
in
the
e
va
luation
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
his
a
ls
o
a
ppli
e
s
to
s
tudents
who
mus
t
a
ls
o
maintain
int
e
gr
it
y
in
c
omp
leting
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
s
s
ignm
e
nts
,
s
o
that
A
I
doe
s
not
b
e
c
ome
a
mea
ns
of
jus
ti
f
ying
p
lagia
r
is
m.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14,
No.
5:
Oc
tober
2025
:
43
53
-
4362
4356
E
duc
a
to
r
s
in
the
f
iel
d
o
f
I
s
l
a
mi
c
r
e
l
igi
on
a
ls
o
f
a
c
e
t
he
c
ha
l
lenge
of
b
e
c
om
ing
mor
e
c
r
it
ica
l
f
a
c
il
it
a
t
or
s
a
nd
c
on
tr
oll
ing
lea
r
ne
r
s
'
e
t
hics
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tu
dies
h
a
ve
f
ound
tha
t
t
he
u
ti
l
iza
t
ion
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
by
s
tu
de
nts
c
a
n
incr
e
a
s
e
the
e
f
f
ic
ienc
y
o
f
tas
k
c
om
plet
ion
,
but
r
is
ks
r
e
d
uc
in
g
c
r
it
ica
l
th
inki
ng
s
k
il
ls
a
nd
or
i
gin
a
l
it
y
.
T
his
f
in
din
g
r
e
inf
or
c
e
s
the
s
ta
teme
n
t
tha
t
e
duc
a
t
or
s
ne
e
d
to
p
lay
t
he
r
ole
o
f
c
r
it
ica
l
f
a
c
i
li
tato
r
s
,
not
j
us
t
mate
r
ial
tea
c
he
r
s
[
21
]
–
[
23
]
.
A
li
e
t
a
l
.
[
24
]
s
howe
d
that
the
e
xis
tenc
e
of
A
I
ha
s
a
s
i
gni
f
ica
n
t
im
pa
c
t
on
c
ha
n
ge
s
in
the
lea
r
ni
ng
p
r
oc
e
s
s
in
hig
he
r
e
d
uc
a
t
io
n
,
e
s
pe
c
ia
l
ly
on
a
s
pe
c
ts
o
f
a
c
a
de
m
ic
int
e
gr
it
y
a
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
b
uil
d
ing
.
I
s
lamic
e
pis
temology
is
a
ls
o
a
s
e
r
ious
pr
oblem
with
C
ha
tGP
T
whe
n
us
e
d
in
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
lea
r
ning
I
s
lam.
T
his
AI
tec
hnology
ha
s
not
f
ull
y
dis
c
los
e
d
it
s
thi
nking
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
a
nd
of
ten
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
f
ictit
ious
c
it
a
ti
ons
or
f
a
ls
e
a
tt
r
ibut
ion
of
s
our
c
e
s
[
3]
.
I
n
I
s
lamic
e
d
uc
a
ti
on,
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd
va
li
di
ty
o
f
in
f
or
mat
ion
is
a
f
unda
menta
l
pr
inciple.
T
he
dis
c
ipl
ine
of
s
a
na
d
s
c
ienc
e
in
ha
dit
h
na
r
r
a
ti
on
de
mons
tr
a
tes
the
im
por
tanc
e
of
ve
r
if
ica
ti
on
a
nd
t
r
a
n
s
mi
s
s
ion
of
va
li
d
inf
o
r
mation.
T
he
a
bove
pr
oblem
a
r
is
e
s
be
c
a
us
e
the
c
onc
e
pt
of
s
a
na
d
in
I
s
lam
plays
a
n
im
por
tant
r
ole
in
maintaining
the
a
uthenticity
of
I
s
lamic
tea
c
hings
a
nd
it
s
r
e
leva
nc
e
to
moder
n
e
duc
a
ti
on
to
maintain
the
va
li
dit
y
o
f
r
e
li
gious
tea
c
hings
[
25]
,
[
26
]
.
I
n
a
r
e
c
e
nt
s
tudy
by
C
oope
r
[
27]
,
i
t
is
s
tate
d
that
the
bigges
t
c
ha
ll
e
nge
in
moder
n
e
duc
a
ti
on
is
not
s
im
ply
in
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
a
da
ptation,
bu
t
in
how
e
d
uc
a
tor
s
maintain
the
c
r
it
ica
l
r
e
a
s
oning
of
s
tudents
a
mi
d
the
s
wif
t
f
low
of
ins
tant
inf
o
r
mation
f
r
om
AI
.
L
e
a
r
ning
e
va
luation
s
hould
no
t
only
tar
ge
t
the
f
inal
p
r
o
duc
t,
but
a
ls
o
the
thought
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
int
e
gr
it
y
in
a
c
quir
ing
knowle
dge
.
I
n
li
ne
with
that
,
us
ing
C
ha
tGP
T
a
s
a
n
e
va
luation
tool
in
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
c
tually
obs
c
ur
e
s
the
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
it
s
e
lf
be
c
a
us
e
it
los
e
s
tr
a
c
k
of
the
lea
r
ne
r
s
'
c
ognit
ive
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
a
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
a
s
pe
c
ts
.
T
his
tr
a
ns
f
or
mat
ion
o
f
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
e
thi
c
s
s
hows
t
ha
t
tec
hnology
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
ha
s
the
potential
to
s
hif
t
the
pos
it
ion
o
f
I
s
lamic
r
e
li
gious
e
duc
a
tor
s
f
r
om
a
s
our
c
e
of
knowle
dge
to
s
im
ply
a
s
upe
r
vis
or
o
f
the
e
duc
a
ti
on
or
lea
r
ning
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
his
a
ls
o
a
dds
to
th
e
ur
ge
nc
y
of
e
xe
mpl
a
r
y
va
lues
s
hown
by
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
tor
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
it
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
s
tr
e
ngthen
the
va
lue
of
hone
s
ty
a
nd
a
c
a
de
mi
c
int
e
gr
it
y
s
o
that
e
d
uc
a
ti
on
is
not
jus
t
a
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
of
in
f
or
mation
,
but
a
ls
o
a
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
buil
ding.
T
his
a
r
ti
c
le
a
gr
e
e
s
that
e
duc
a
tor
s
mus
t
be
wis
e
a
nd
a
ble
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
nti
c
ipator
y
s
tr
a
tegie
s
that
e
ns
ur
e
that
thi
s
tec
hnology
s
uppor
ts
the
goa
ls
of
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
ti
on
or
i
e
nted
towa
r
ds
mo
r
a
l
nobi
li
ty
a
nd
knowle
dge
tr
uth
.
C
ha
tGP
T
a
ls
o
of
f
e
r
s
oppor
tun
it
ies
f
or
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
a
ti
on
of
lea
r
ning.
T
hus
,
thi
s
s
t
udy
is
in
li
ne
with
p
r
e
vious
f
indi
ngs
that
wa
r
n
that
the
us
e
of
AI
in
e
duc
a
ti
on
mus
t
be
ba
s
e
d
on
s
oli
d
e
thi
c
s
a
nd
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
pr
inciples
.
F
r
om
thes
e
e
thi
c
a
l
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
that
ne
e
d
to
be
r
e
s
olved,
it
is
hope
d
that
a
n
e
thi
c
a
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
in
I
s
lamic
r
e
li
gious
e
duc
a
ti
on
wil
l
be
bor
n
s
o
that
the
int
e
gr
it
y
a
nd
tr
ue
mea
ning
of
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
knowle
dge
,
mor
a
ls
a
nd
e
xe
m
plar
y
c
a
n
c
onti
nue
to
be
c
a
r
r
ied
out
pr
ope
r
ly
.
3.
2.
T
r
an
s
f
or
m
at
ion
of
I
s
lam
ic
r
e
li
giou
s
law
T
he
is
s
ue
of
I
s
lamic
law
a
nd
the
dyna
mi
c
s
of
it
s
r
e
f
or
m
ha
s
long
be
e
n
a
domi
na
nt
global
dis
c
our
s
e
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
M
us
li
m
c
ountr
ies
s
uc
h
a
s
S
yr
ia,
M
or
oc
c
o,
a
nd
E
gyp
t
.
P
lu
r
a
li
s
ti
c
I
s
lamic
law
ha
s
de
ve
loped
f
r
om
the
pr
ophe
ti
c
pe
r
iod
to
the
moder
n
e
r
a
,
w
it
h
diver
s
e
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
s
a
nd
s
tyl
e
s
a
c
c
or
ding
to
th
e
s
oc
ial
c
ontext.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
e
mer
ge
nc
e
of
AI
tec
hnology
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
ha
s
r
a
is
e
d
ne
w
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
in
the
c
ontext
of
un
de
r
s
tanding
a
nd
de
li
ve
r
ing
I
s
lamic
la
w
to
the
pub
li
c
.
P
e
ople
now
do
not
he
s
it
a
te
to
a
s
k
r
e
li
gious
law
que
s
ti
ons
to
C
ha
tGP
T
,
a
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
that
on
the
one
ha
nd
s
hows
ope
nne
s
s
to
tec
hnology,
but
on
t
he
other
ha
nd
r
a
is
e
s
ne
w
e
pis
temologi
c
a
l
pr
oblems
in
the
p
r
odu
c
ti
on
a
nd
dis
s
e
mi
na
ti
on
of
r
e
li
gious
in
f
or
mati
on.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
highl
ight
e
d
the
li
mi
tations
of
C
ha
tGP
T
in
a
ns
we
r
ing
que
s
ti
ons
of
I
s
lamic
law
a
c
c
ur
a
tely
a
nd
c
ontextua
ll
y.
Although
in
tol
e
r
a
nc
e
a
nd
r
a
dica
li
s
m
wr
a
ppe
d
in
r
e
li
gion
C
ha
tGP
T
is
r
e
latively
tol
e
r
a
nt
a
nd
not
r
a
dica
l.
How
e
ve
r
,
W
a
lt
e
r
s
a
nd
W
il
de
r
[
28]
notes
that
thi
s
model
s
ti
ll
of
ten
pr
ovides
e
r
r
one
ous
Qur
'a
nic
ve
r
s
e
c
it
a
ti
ons
a
nd
im
pr
e
c
is
e
l
e
ga
l
inf
or
mation
.
T
h
is
is
in
li
ne
with
the
f
indi
ng
of
that
i
f
not
c
or
r
e
c
ted
by
I
s
lamic
lega
l
e
xpe
r
ts
,
in
f
or
mati
on
f
r
o
m
C
ha
tGP
T
ha
s
the
pote
nti
a
l
to
mi
s
lea
d
p
e
ople
in
r
e
li
gious
de
c
is
ion
-
making.
T
he
r
e
li
a
nc
e
on
AI
in
the
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
of
law
s
a
ls
o
r
a
is
e
s
c
onc
e
r
ns
a
bout
the
e
r
os
ion
of
the
duti
e
s
a
nd
f
unc
ti
ons
of
muf
ti
s
a
nd
of
f
icia
l
r
e
li
gious
ins
ti
tut
ions
s
uc
h
a
s
the
I
ndone
s
ia
n
Ule
ma
C
ounc
il
(
M
UI
)
,
whic
h
ha
ve
s
e
r
ve
d
a
s
the
legiti
mate
a
uthor
it
y
in
pr
ovidi
ng
f
a
twa
s
[
29]
,
[
30]
.
A
I
c
a
n
a
ls
o
pr
ovi
de
e
a
s
y
f
inanc
ial
s
e
r
vice
s
a
nd
platf
o
r
ms
f
or
a
s
king
lega
l
que
s
ti
ons
or
r
e
que
s
ti
ng
f
a
twa
s
digi
tally
.
M
e
thodol
ogica
ll
y,
ij
ti
ha
d
a
s
the
main
pil
lar
in
I
s
lamic
lega
l
de
c
is
ion
-
making
r
e
quir
e
s
a
de
e
p
unde
r
s
tanding
of
the
s
oc
ial
c
ontext,
maqa
s
hid
a
l
-
s
ha
r
iah,
a
nd
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
lega
l
a
na
lys
is
ba
s
e
d
on
us
hul
f
iqh.
T
his
is
c
e
r
tainly
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
om
the
wa
y
C
ha
tGP
T
wo
r
ks
,
whic
h
r
e
li
e
s
on
da
ta
mode
ll
ing
a
nd
s
ynthes
is
of
inf
o
r
mation
f
r
om
va
r
ious
ope
n
s
our
c
e
s
without
the
a
bil
it
y
to
unde
r
s
tand
the
de
pth
of
t
he
lega
l
c
onte
xt
a
nd
c
ult
u
r
a
l
ba
c
kgr
ound
o
f
the
is
s
ue
s
r
a
is
e
d
[
31]
.
Although
C
ha
tGP
T
is
a
mac
hine
de
s
igned
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
c
ohe
r
e
nt
a
nd
c
r
e
a
ti
ve
r
e
s
pons
e
s
,
inac
c
ur
a
c
ies
in
the
da
tas
e
t
a
nd
bias
e
s
in
it
s
a
lgor
it
hms
c
a
n
lea
d
to
e
r
r
one
ous
lega
l
c
onc
lus
ions
.
T
his
c
onc
e
r
n
is
f
ur
ther
r
e
in
f
or
c
e
d
by
incide
nts
of
C
ha
tGP
T
us
e
in
the
r
e
a
lm
of
pos
it
ive
law
,
s
uc
h
a
s
the
c
a
s
e
in
M
a
nha
tt
a
n
F
e
de
r
a
l
C
our
t.
Ne
umeis
ter
[
32]
r
e
por
ted
that
law
ye
r
s
who
r
e
li
e
d
on
C
ha
tGP
T
to
c
ons
tr
uc
t
lega
l
a
r
guments
pr
e
s
e
nted
f
ictit
ious
da
t
a
that
c
onf
us
e
d
the
judge.
T
his
c
a
s
e
unde
r
s
c
or
e
s
that
AI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
mation
of
is
lamic
v
alues
in
the
e
r
a
of
ar
ti
f
icial
int
e
ll
igenc
e
(
N
ur
F
a
iz
in
)
4357
doe
s
not
ye
t
ha
ve
the
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
dis
ti
nguis
h
be
twe
e
n
f
a
c
t
a
nd
opini
on,
or
be
twe
e
n
no
r
ma
ti
ve
a
nd
non
-
nor
mative
texts
,
whic
h
a
r
e
c
r
uc
ial
e
leme
nts
in
the
s
tudy
of
law
,
including
I
s
lamic
law
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
inac
c
ur
a
c
ies
,
C
ha
tGP
T
a
ls
o
f
a
c
e
s
the
is
s
ue
of
da
ta
bias
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
s
hown
that
C
ha
tGP
T
tends
to
c
r
e
a
te
bias
towa
r
ds
r
a
c
e
a
n
d
ge
nde
r
,
s
uc
h
a
s
in
the
c
a
s
e
of
s
e
lec
ti
ng
s
c
ientis
ts
who
a
r
e
identif
ied
with
whi
te
men
[
33
]
.
I
f
s
uc
h
bias
e
s
a
r
e
not
c
ontr
oll
e
d
,
the
us
e
of
AI
in
the
lega
l
f
ield,
i
nc
ludi
ng
I
s
lamic
law
-
c
ould
s
e
r
ious
ly
dis
tor
t
the
pr
inciples
o
f
f
a
ir
ne
s
s
a
nd
objec
ti
vit
y
that
a
r
e
the
main
ba
s
is
f
o
r
ij
ti
ha
d
a
nd
is
ti
nba
th
a
l
-
a
hka
m.
Anothe
r
im
po
r
tant
c
r
it
icis
m
is
the
los
s
of
the
s
a
na
d
e
leme
nt
or
c
ha
in
o
f
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
in
the
dis
s
e
mi
na
ti
on
of
lega
l
inf
o
r
mation
thr
ough
C
ha
tGP
T
,
whe
r
e
a
s
in
the
I
s
lamic
s
c
holar
ly
tr
a
dit
ion
,
the
s
a
na
d
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
n
a
uthor
it
a
ti
ve
va
li
da
ti
on
a
nd
ve
r
if
ica
ti
o
n
mec
ha
nis
m
that
e
ns
ur
e
s
a
uthenticity
a
nd
p
r
ude
nc
e
in
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
knowle
dge
.
W
it
hou
t
s
a
na
d,
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
lega
l
inf
e
r
e
nc
e
is
no
longer
bound
to
the
s
c
ientif
ic
tr
a
dit
ion
that
ha
ve
be
e
n
pa
s
s
e
d
down
f
r
om
a
ge
to
a
ge
[
34]
.
T
he
a
bs
e
nc
e
of
s
a
na
d
is
wha
t
make
s
C
ha
tGP
T
's
a
ns
we
r
los
e
the
dim
e
ns
ion
of
a
uthenticity
in
the
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
of
I
s
lamic
e
pis
temology.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
i
f
C
ha
tGP
T
is
to
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
tool
in
t
he
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
I
s
lamic
law
,
it
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
int
e
gr
a
te
da
ta
that
is
mor
e
r
igor
ous
a
nd
ba
s
e
d
on
a
uthor
it
a
ti
ve
s
our
c
e
s
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
human
int
e
r
ve
n
ti
on
a
s
a
c
r
it
ica
l
us
e
r
is
ne
e
de
d
to
int
e
r
pr
e
t
a
nd
e
va
luate
A
I
a
ns
we
r
s
e
thi
c
a
ll
y
a
nd
c
ontextua
ll
y.
T
he
us
e
of
AI
in
the
c
ontext
of
I
s
lamic
law
c
a
n
lea
d
to
mi
s
inf
o
r
mat
ion
a
nd
mar
ginaliza
ti
on
of
e
s
tablis
he
d
I
s
lamic
s
c
ientif
ic
a
uthor
it
ies
if
ther
e
is
no
a
c
ti
ve
human
r
ole
a
s
a
n
e
pis
temic
c
or
r
e
c
tor
.
T
hus
,
dis
c
us
s
ion
on
the
us
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
in
I
s
lamic
lega
l
is
s
ue
s
c
a
nnot
be
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
f
r
om
the
ur
ge
nc
y
of
s
tr
e
ngthening
r
e
li
gious
digi
tal
li
te
r
a
c
y,
the
ne
e
d
f
or
s
tanda
r
diza
ti
on
of
lega
l
s
our
c
e
s
us
e
d
a
s
a
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
AI
modelli
ng
,
a
nd
the
im
po
r
tanc
e
of
mainta
ini
ng
tr
a
dit
ional
s
c
ientif
ic
va
lues
s
uc
h
a
s
s
a
na
d
a
nd
ij
ti
ha
d
whic
h
a
r
e
the
s
pir
it
in
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
I
s
lamic
law
.
T
h
is
dis
c
us
s
ion
e
mphas
ize
d
that
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
s
ophis
ti
c
a
ti
on
s
hould
not
r
e
plac
e
the
de
pth
of
knowle
dge
a
nd
wis
dom
in
unde
r
s
tanding
a
nd
de
t
e
r
mi
ning
r
e
li
gious
law
.
3.
3
.
T
r
an
s
f
or
m
at
ion
in
I
s
lam
ic
d
a'wah
T
he
us
e
o
f
A
I
tec
hnology
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
in
r
e
lation
to
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
I
s
lamic
pr
e
a
c
hing
in
the
moder
n
e
r
a
pr
e
s
e
nts
unique
oppor
tuni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
.
F
e
a
tur
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
's
a
bil
it
y
t
o
de
li
ve
r
lec
tur
e
s
or
s
pe
a
k
with
a
gil
it
y
,
e
a
s
e
,
a
nd
e
ve
n
in
a
c
us
tom
ize
d
wor
d
c
hoice
ha
ve
be
e
n
e
mphas
ize
d
.
T
his
tec
hnology
c
a
n
be
uti
li
z
e
d
f
or
va
r
ious
pur
pos
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
ompi
li
ng
s
e
r
mon
texts
,
c
r
e
a
ti
ng
da
'wa
h
c
ontent
on
I
s
lamic
we
bs
it
e
s
,
a
nd
mate
r
ials
f
or
I
s
lamic
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ions
a
s
we
ll
a
s
tr
a
ini
ng
s
tudents
'
thi
nki
ng
s
kil
ls
s
ys
tema
ti
c
a
ll
y.
T
his
potential
a
ls
o
ope
ns
up
s
pa
c
e
f
or
da
'wa
h
that
is
mo
r
e
inclus
ive
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
ibl
e
to
the
wide
r
c
omm
unit
y,
e
s
pe
c
ially
the
digi
tal
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
[
35]
.
I
n
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
,
C
ha
tGP
T
c
a
n
s
e
r
ve
a
s
a
he
lpf
ul
tool
f
or
pr
e
a
c
he
r
s
or
r
e
li
gious
lea
de
r
s
.
I
t
c
a
n
he
lp
a
na
lyze
a
udienc
e
da
ta
f
r
om
s
oc
ial
media
or
other
digi
tal
de
vice
s
,
s
o
that
da
'wa
h
mes
s
a
ge
s
c
a
n
be
tai
lor
e
d
to
the
s
pe
c
if
ic
int
e
r
e
s
ts
a
nd
ne
e
ds
of
li
s
tene
r
s
.
T
his
is
in
li
ne
with
the
f
indi
ngs
s
how
that
A
I
tec
hno
logy
c
a
n
incr
e
a
s
e
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
da
'wa
h
c
omm
unica
ti
on
thr
ough
a
n
a
udienc
e
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h.
I
n
f
a
c
t
,
in
the
f
utu
r
e
,
thi
s
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
s
ophis
ti
c
a
ti
on
ha
s
the
potential
to
e
xpa
nd
the
r
e
a
c
h
of
r
e
li
gious
lea
de
r
s
'
da
'wa
h
to
a
wide
r
a
nd
mor
e
diver
s
e
a
udienc
e
.
How
e
ve
r
,
thi
s
gr
e
a
t
potential
is
ins
e
pa
r
a
ble
f
r
om
a
number
of
p
r
oblems
that
ne
e
d
s
e
r
ious
a
nd
c
r
it
ica
l
a
tt
e
nti
on.
M
is
inf
or
mation
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
menti
on
of
Qur
'a
nic
ve
r
s
e
s
,
ha
s
pr
ove
n
to
be
a
s
e
r
ious
pr
oblem
that
c
a
n
e
ve
n
tr
igge
r
s
oc
ial
tens
ions
a
nd
incr
e
a
s
e
I
s
lamophobia
[
36]
.
Although
in
mor
e
r
e
c
e
nt
ve
r
s
io
ns
,
s
uc
h
a
s
GPT
-
4,
s
uc
h
e
r
r
or
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
c
laimed
to
ha
ve
be
e
n
c
or
r
e
c
ted,
it
doe
s
not
r
ule
ou
t
the
pos
s
ibi
li
ty
that
s
im
il
a
r
e
r
r
o
r
s
may
r
e
a
ppe
a
r
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
c
ontex
t
of
ve
r
s
e
int
e
r
p
r
e
tation
or
ha
dit
h
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
that
r
e
quir
e
c
ontextua
l
s
e
ns
it
ivi
ty
a
nd
methodologi
c
a
l
r
igor
.
F
igur
e
2
is
a
n
e
xa
mpl
e
of
a
n
e
r
r
or
in
the
men
ti
on
of
a
Qur
a
nic
ve
r
s
e
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
s
ome
s
tudi
e
s
s
how
that
C
ha
tGP
T
s
ti
ll
s
hows
incons
is
ten
c
y
in
a
ns
we
r
ing
mor
a
l
c
a
s
e
s
.
Kr
üge
l
e
t
al
.
[
37
]
s
howe
d
that
the
c
ha
tbot
c
a
n
giv
e
c
onf
li
c
ti
ng
a
ns
we
r
s
to
the
s
a
me
pr
ob
lem.
I
n
one
of
their
e
xpe
r
im
e
nts
,
C
ha
tGP
T
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
jec
ted
the
s
a
c
r
if
ice
of
one
pe
r
s
on
to
s
a
ve
many
,
but
in
the
s
e
c
ond
r
e
s
pons
e
s
uppor
ted
the
a
c
ti
on.
T
his
incons
is
tenc
y
s
ignals
t
ha
t
the
us
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
a
s
a
p
r
ovider
of
da
'wa
h
mate
r
ials
c
a
nnot
be
divor
c
e
d
f
r
om
the
s
upe
r
vis
ion
a
nd
judge
ment
of
human
I
s
lamic
e
x
pe
r
ts
.
Anothe
r
we
a
kne
s
s
is
a
ls
o
s
e
e
n
in
C
ha
tGP
T
's
in
a
bil
it
y
to
c
r
it
iciz
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
As
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
f
ound
that
AI
doe
s
not
ye
t
ha
ve
the
a
bil
it
y
to
va
li
da
te
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
,
s
o
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
the
mate
r
ial,
e
s
pe
c
ially
da
'wa
h
mate
r
ial
s
uc
h
a
s
s
e
r
mon
texts
or
r
e
li
gious
lec
tur
e
s
,
is
que
s
ti
ona
ble.
T
he
h
is
tor
y
of
the
e
mer
ge
nc
e
of
f
a
ls
e
ha
dit
hs
c
ould
be
r
e
pe
a
ted
if
th
is
doe
s
not
r
e
c
e
ive
s
e
r
ious
a
tt
e
nti
on
f
r
om
r
e
li
giou
s
e
xpe
r
ts
a
nd
s
c
holar
s
in
the
f
ield
of
I
s
lamic
s
tudi
e
s
[
3
8]
,
[
39]
.
W
he
n
f
a
ls
e
inf
o
r
mation
is
s
pr
e
a
d
un
c
he
c
ke
d,
dis
inf
or
mation
c
a
n
oc
c
ur
,
whic
h
we
a
ke
ns
the
f
unc
t
ion
of
da
'wa
h
it
s
e
lf
.
How
e
ve
r
,
it
c
a
nnot
be
de
nied
that
C
ha
tGP
T
of
f
e
r
s
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ontr
ibut
ion
in
pr
ov
idi
ng
digi
tal
da
'wa
h
mate
r
ial
.
I
n
c
e
r
tain
s
it
ua
ti
ons
,
s
uc
h
a
s
li
m
it
e
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
human
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
or
r
e
li
gious
li
ter
a
t
ur
e
,
the
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
thi
s
c
ha
tbot
c
a
n
br
idge
th
e
c
omm
unit
y
's
ne
e
d
f
or
e
a
s
il
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
ibl
e
da
'wa
h
mate
r
ial.
T
he
r
e
is
ne
e
d
f
or
f
r
iendly
digi
tal
da
'wa
h
c
on
tent
is
s
ti
ll
high,
a
nd
in
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
C
ha
tGP
T
c
a
n
be
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
s
olut
ion,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14,
No.
5:
Oc
tober
2025
:
43
53
-
4362
4358
a
lt
hough
it
s
ti
ll
r
e
qui
r
e
s
tr
a
ini
ng
a
nd
a
djus
tm
e
nts
t
o
pr
e
s
e
nt
mate
r
ial
tha
t
is
c
ontextua
l
a
nd
in
a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
with
I
s
lamic
da
'wa
h
pr
inciples
[
40
]
.
How
e
ve
r
,
it
is
i
mpor
tant
to
e
mphas
ize
that
tec
hnica
l
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
c
a
nnot
r
e
plac
e
the
e
mot
ional
a
nd
s
pir
it
ua
l
touch
of
a
p
r
e
a
c
he
r
who
pr
e
a
c
he
s
with
c
ompas
s
ion
a
nd
a
ppr
e
c
iation.
T
e
c
hnology
doe
s
not
ha
ve
the
s
oul
to
love
a
nd
tou
c
h
pe
ople's
he
a
r
ts
,
whic
h
is
the
e
s
s
e
nc
e
of
I
s
lamic
da
'wa
h.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
while
tec
hnology
c
a
n
s
tr
e
ngthen
the
mea
ns
of
da
'wa
h,
the
s
ub
s
tanc
e
of
da
'wa
h
s
ti
ll
r
e
quir
e
s
a
n
a
uthentic
a
nd
e
mpathic
human
r
ole.
T
hus
,
the
idea
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h
in
uti
li
z
ing
tec
hnology
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
in
da
'wa
h
is
to
make
it
a
tool
,
not
a
s
ubs
ti
tut
e
.
Da
'wa
h
mus
t
s
ti
ll
be
de
li
ve
r
e
d
by
humans
who
ha
ve
de
e
p
unde
r
s
tanding
a
nd
s
ince
r
it
y,
while
C
ha
tGP
T
f
unc
ti
ons
a
s
a
f
a
c
il
it
a
tor
f
or
the
p
r
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
of
s
uppor
ti
ng
mate
r
ial
or
c
ontent.
As
s
is
tanc
e
by
e
duc
a
tor
s
,
pr
e
a
c
he
r
s
,
a
nd
r
e
li
gious
lea
de
r
s
r
e
ma
ins
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
s
o
that
da
'wa
h
r
e
mains
in
the
c
or
r
idor
o
f
a
uthentic,
a
c
c
ur
a
te,
a
nd
mea
ningf
ul
I
s
lamic
va
lues
f
or
s
oc
iety.
F
igur
e
2.
E
xa
mpl
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
e
r
r
or
r
e
late
d
to
Qu
r
a
nic
ve
r
s
e
s
:
g
e
ne
r
a
ted
in
20/02/
2024
3.
4
.
T
r
an
s
f
or
m
at
ion
of
t
h
e
in
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
at
io
n
of
t
h
e
Qu
r
an
A
number
o
f
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ha
nge
s
in
r
e
li
gious
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
s
ha
ve
oc
c
ur
r
e
d
a
longs
ide
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
o
f
digi
tal
tec
hnology.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
r
e
a
ding
a
nd
tr
a
ns
lating
the
Qur
a
n,
AI
ha
s
a
ls
o
made
i
t
e
a
s
ier
to
int
e
r
pr
e
t
the
Qur
a
n.
I
f
in
the
pa
s
t
the
unde
r
s
tanding
a
nd
tr
t
r
a
ns
lating
of
the
ve
r
s
e
s
of
the
Qur
'a
n
c
ould
only
be
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
to
thr
ough
c
onve
nti
ona
l
books
of
int
e
r
p
r
e
tation
o
r
dir
e
c
t
c
ons
ult
a
ti
on
with
int
e
r
pr
e
ter
s
,
now
va
r
iou
s
onli
ne
s
it
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
taf
s
ir
we
b.
c
om
ha
ve
pr
ovided
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
the
int
e
r
p
r
e
tation
of
va
r
iou
s
ve
r
s
e
s
mor
e
ope
nly.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
AI
tec
hnology
s
uc
h
a
s
C
ha
tGP
T
pr
ovides
a
ne
w
a
ppr
oa
c
h
that
is
incr
e
a
s
ingl
y
a
tt
r
a
c
ti
ve
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
ibl
e
to
the
wide
r
c
om
muni
ty
.
C
ha
tGP
T
's
main
a
dva
ntage
li
e
s
in
i
ts
a
bil
it
y
to
pr
ovide
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me,
c
us
tom
ize
d
r
e
s
pon
s
e
s
to
us
e
r
r
e
que
s
ts
,
making
it
a
h
ighl
y
f
lexible
tool
in
e
xplaining
the
m
e
a
ning
of
Qur
'a
nic
ve
r
s
e
s
.
T
his
is
pa
r
t
o
f
a
majo
r
tr
a
ns
f
o
r
mation
in
r
e
li
gious
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
.
C
ha
tGP
T
is
not
only
a
ble
to
pr
e
s
e
nt
texts
,
but
a
ls
o
a
na
lyze
a
nd
c
ons
tr
uc
t
int
e
r
pr
e
tatio
ns
i
nter
a
c
ti
ve
ly.
As
e
xe
mpl
if
ied
in
the
s
tudy
of
Al
-
J
a
na
bi
[
41]
,
thi
s
tec
hnology
is
ve
r
y
li
ke
ly
to
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
digi
tal
tool
in
int
e
r
pr
e
ti
ng
Qu
r
'a
nic
s
c
r
ipt
u
r
e
s
in
a
c
ontextua
l
a
nd
c
omm
unica
ti
ve
manne
r
.
I
n
f
a
c
t,
i
n
thi
s
c
ontext,
C
ha
tGP
T
c
a
n
a
c
t
a
s
a
ne
w
f
or
m
of
digi
tal
int
e
r
pr
e
tation,
whic
h
is
a
c
ombi
na
ti
on
of
digi
tal
m
e
dia
a
nd
mac
hine
-
ba
s
e
d
int
e
r
pr
e
tation
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
Anothe
r
a
dva
ntage
o
f
C
ha
tG
P
T
that
f
u
r
the
r
e
mphas
ize
s
it
s
a
p
pe
a
l
is
the
a
bil
it
y
t
o
pr
o
vide
int
e
r
pr
e
tat
ions
in
va
r
ious
lang
ua
ge
s
unde
r
s
too
d
b
y
the
us
e
r
.
T
his
a
dd
r
e
s
s
e
s
a
majo
r
c
ha
ll
e
nge
in
c
on
te
mpor
a
r
y
Qur
'a
nic
s
tu
dies
,
whe
r
e
many
taf
s
ir
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
a
r
e
s
t
il
l
a
va
il
a
ble
i
n
Ar
a
bic
,
whi
c
h
f
or
s
o
me
pe
op
le
is
a
n
obs
tac
le
in
u
nde
r
s
tand
ing
the
c
o
nten
t
o
f
the
ho
ly
book
.
T
h
us
,
C
ha
tG
P
T
c
omes
a
s
a
s
im
p
li
f
yi
ng
me
dium
in
br
id
gin
g
the
unde
r
s
tand
ing
of
the
s
a
c
r
e
d
te
xt
,
a
nd
o
pe
ns
up
va
s
t
op
por
tun
it
ies
to
de
e
p
e
n
th
e
mea
n
i
ng
of
the
ve
r
s
e
in
a
mo
r
e
inc
lus
ive
manne
r
,
a
lt
h
ough
t
he
r
e
r
e
mains
the
po
ten
ti
a
l
f
or
inac
c
u
r
a
c
ies
i
n
int
e
r
p
r
e
ta
ti
o
n.
T
his
tec
hnology
tec
hnica
ll
y
wor
ks
by
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
mac
hine
lea
r
ning
a
nd
na
tur
a
l
langua
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
(
NL
P
)
.
T
h
is
e
na
bles
mac
hines
to
c
las
s
if
y,
int
e
r
pr
e
t,
a
nd
unde
r
s
tand
text
in
human
langua
ge
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
.
NL
P
e
na
bles
C
ha
tGP
T
to
identif
y
theme
s
,
na
r
r
a
ti
ve
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
nd
in
ter
textua
l
r
e
lations
,
a
nd
e
ve
n
c
ons
tr
uc
t
mor
e
c
ompl
e
x
s
e
mantic
r
e
lations
[
42
]
,
[
43]
.
How
e
ve
r
,
it
is
im
po
r
tant
to
note
that
unde
r
s
tanding
s
a
c
r
e
d
tex
ts
is
not
s
olely
ba
s
e
d
on
li
nguis
ti
c
o
r
s
e
mantic
logi
c
,
but
a
ls
o
r
e
quir
e
s
e
mpathy,
in
tui
ti
on,
a
nd
c
ontextua
l
unde
r
s
tanding
that
is
c
los
e
ly
r
e
late
d
to
c
ult
ur
a
l
a
nd
his
tor
ica
l
a
s
pe
c
ts
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
the
p
r
e
s
e
nc
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
in
th
e
wor
ld
o
f
Qur
'a
nic
int
e
r
pr
e
tation
a
ls
o
r
a
is
e
s
phil
os
ophica
l
de
ba
tes
a
bout
the
a
uthor
it
y
of
int
e
r
p
r
e
tation.
T
r
a
dit
ionally,
int
e
r
pr
e
ter
s
o
f
the
Qur
'a
n
m
us
t
f
ulf
il
a
number
of
qua
li
f
ica
ti
ons
,
including
mas
ter
y
of
s
c
ienc
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
na
h
wu,
s
ha
r
a
f
,
ba
lagha
h,
ha
dit
h
s
c
ienc
e
,
s
a
ba
bun
-
nu
z
ul,
qir
a
'a
t,
a
nd
us
hul
f
iq
h
[
44]
.
How
e
ve
r
,
in
the
c
ontext
of
C
ha
tGP
T
,
thes
e
r
e
quir
e
ments
s
e
e
m
to
be
r
e
plac
e
d
by
the
a
bil
it
y
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
c
ombi
ne
v
a
r
ious
s
c
ientif
ic
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
s
im
ult
a
ne
ous
ly
in
a
s
h
or
t
ti
me
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
mation
of
is
lamic
v
alues
in
the
e
r
a
of
ar
ti
f
icial
int
e
ll
igenc
e
(
N
ur
F
a
iz
in
)
4359
How
e
ve
r
,
it
s
hould
be
e
mphas
i
zed
that
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd
va
li
dit
y
of
mac
hine
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
inf
or
mation
s
ti
ll
r
e
quir
e
human
ve
r
if
ica
ti
on,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
c
ontext
of
h
ighl
y
s
e
ns
it
ive
s
a
c
r
e
d
texts
.
T
his
c
ondit
ion
s
hows
that
wha
t
Young
[
45
]
ini
ti
a
ted
thr
ough
the
c
onc
e
pt
o
f
r
e
li
gion
onli
ne
is
now
c
los
e
r
to
r
e
a
li
ty.
P
e
ople
now
e
a
s
il
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
r
e
li
giou
s
inf
or
mation
onli
ne
a
nd
tend
to
make
digi
tal
plat
f
o
r
ms
the
main
s
our
c
e
of
unde
r
s
tanding
r
e
li
gion
.
E
ve
n
f
ur
th
e
r
,
the
us
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
a
s
a
f
or
m
o
f
r
e
li
gion
onli
ne
,
whic
h
is
a
r
e
li
gion
that
is
c
a
r
r
ied
out
vir
t
ua
ll
y
thr
ough
digi
tal
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
both
in
lea
r
ning
r
e
li
gion
a
nd
pr
a
c
ti
c
ing
r
e
li
gious
r
it
ua
ls
onli
ne
.
How
e
ve
r
,
thes
e
c
ha
nge
s
a
ls
o
pos
e
s
e
r
ious
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
to
the
t
r
a
dit
ional
r
o
le
of
r
e
li
gious
lea
de
r
s
.
As
il
lus
tr
a
ted
by
Ge
r
a
c
i
[
46
]
a
bout
r
obo
t
B
uddhis
t
pr
ies
ts
in
J
a
pa
n
who
a
r
e
a
ble
to
s
ing
hymns
a
nd
pe
r
f
o
r
m
r
e
li
gious
r
it
ua
ls
,
a
s
im
il
a
r
phe
nomenon
ha
s
the
pot
e
nti
a
l
to
e
mer
ge
in
the
I
s
lamic
c
ontext
with
the
p
r
e
s
e
nc
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
a
s
a
digi
tal
int
e
r
p
r
e
ti
ve
e
nti
ty
.
Of
c
o
ur
s
e
,
the
e
xis
tenc
e
of
thi
s
k
ind
of
tec
hnology
mus
t
be
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
wi
s
e
ly,
be
c
a
us
e
in
f
a
c
t
tec
hnology
is
onl
y
a
tool
,
not
a
s
ubs
ti
tut
e
f
or
s
c
ientif
ic
a
uthor
it
y
a
n
d
human
s
pir
it
ua
l
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
.
I
n
thi
s
c
ontext,
it
is
im
po
r
tant
to
e
mphas
ize
that
a
lt
hough
C
ha
tGP
T
pr
e
s
e
nts
va
r
ious
oppor
tuni
ti
e
s
in
the
tr
a
ns
f
or
mation
of
Qur
'a
nic
int
e
r
pr
e
tation
,
the
r
ole
of
humans
a
s
c
us
todi
a
ns
of
s
pir
it
ua
l,
c
ult
ur
a
l
a
nd
mor
a
l
va
lues
r
e
mains
ir
r
e
plac
e
a
ble.
T
e
c
hnology
c
a
n
be
a
c
ompl
e
ment,
not
a
s
ubs
ti
tut
e
.
T
hus
,
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
AI
a
nd
human
s
pir
it
ua
l
int
e
ll
igenc
e
is
im
po
r
tant
to
e
ns
ur
e
that
the
us
e
of
tec
hnology
in
unde
r
s
tan
ding
the
Qur
'a
n
r
e
mains
withi
n
the
e
pis
temologi
c
a
ll
y
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
ll
y
c
or
r
e
c
t
c
or
r
idor
.
Ove
r
a
l
l,
a
n
e
thi
c
a
l
f
r
a
me
w
or
k
f
o
r
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ng
with
AI
is
u
r
ge
ntl
y
ne
e
de
d.
Digit
a
l
li
te
r
a
c
y
f
or
AI
us
e
r
s
whe
n
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ng
with
I
s
lamic
th
e
mes
is
ve
r
y
im
por
tant
.
S
c
holar
s
a
r
e
u
r
ging
im
media
te
c
ol
labor
a
ti
on
with
AI
de
ve
loper
s
to
r
e
s
pond
to
de
ve
l
opments
in
digi
tal
tec
hnology
.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
he
tr
a
ns
f
or
mation
of
r
e
li
gious
va
lues
dr
iven
by
AI
,
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
C
ha
tGP
T
,
include
s
the
potential
us
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
to
im
pr
ove
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
in
r
e
li
g
i
ous
e
duc
a
ti
on.
C
ha
tGP
T
c
a
n
pr
ovide
e
a
s
e
in
o
btaining
r
e
li
gious
inf
or
mation
,
a
dvice
,
a
nd
s
olut
ions
whi
le
a
ls
o
pos
ing
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
r
e
ga
r
ding
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd
c
r
e
dibi
li
ty
of
the
inf
or
mation
ge
ne
r
a
ted.
T
he
us
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
by
r
e
li
gious
c
omm
unit
ies
a
s
a
tool
f
or
mor
a
l
de
c
is
ion
-
making
c
r
e
a
tes
unc
e
r
tainty
in
r
e
s
pons
e
s
a
nd
r
a
is
e
s
que
s
ti
on
s
a
bout
the
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
a
n
d
c
a
uti
on
r
e
quir
e
d
whe
n
us
ing
thi
s
tec
hnology.
T
he
b
ig
da
t
a
r
e
late
d
to
r
e
li
gious
is
s
ue
s
us
e
d
by
C
ha
tGP
T
r
e
q
uir
e
s
a
n
a
c
c
ountable
da
tas
e
t,
a
nd
C
ha
tGP
T
ne
e
ds
to
be
t
r
a
ined
to
unde
r
s
tand
r
e
li
g
ious
c
ontexts
to
a
void
e
r
r
or
s
in
quoti
ng
Qur
a
nic
ve
r
s
e
s
or
other
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGM
E
N
T
S
T
ha
nks
to
F
a
c
ult
y
of
L
e
tt
e
r
s
,
Unive
r
s
it
a
s
Ne
ge
r
i
M
a
lang
f
or
pr
ov
idi
ng
f
a
c
il
it
ies
s
o
that
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
a
n
be
c
a
r
r
ied
out.
Not
to
f
or
ge
t,
a
ls
o
thanks
to
t
he
I
ns
ti
tut
e
f
or
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
C
omm
unit
y
S
e
r
vice
(
L
P
P
M
)
Unive
r
s
it
a
s
Ne
ge
r
i
M
a
lang
.
F
UN
DI
NG
I
NF
ORM
AT
I
ON
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
c
e
ived
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
unding
f
r
om
th
e
F
a
c
ult
y
of
L
e
tt
e
r
s
,
Unive
r
s
it
a
s
Ne
ge
r
i
M
a
lang
thr
ough
the
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
C
omm
unit
y
S
e
r
vice
I
ns
t
it
ute
(
L
P
P
M
)
UM
,
No.
Gr
a
nt:
3
.
4.
94/UN32/KP/
20
24
AU
T
HO
R
CONT
RI
B
U
T
I
ONS
S
T
AT
E
M
E
N
T
T
his
jour
na
l
us
e
s
the
C
ontr
ibut
o
r
R
oles
T
a
xo
nomy
(
C
R
e
diT
)
to
r
e
c
ognize
indi
vidual
a
uthor
c
ontr
ibut
ions
,
r
e
duc
e
a
utho
r
s
hip
dis
putes
,
a
nd
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on.
Nam
e
of
Au
t
h
or
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Nur
F
a
izin
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Abul
M
a
'a
li
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
M
uha
mm
a
d
F
a
hmi
Hida
ya
tul
lah
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ahma
d
M
unji
n
Na
s
ih
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
R
ohmatul
F
a
iza
h
✓
✓
✓
✓
M
oh.
F
a
uz
a
n
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14,
No.
5:
Oc
tober
2025
:
43
53
-
4362
4360
C
:
C
onc
e
pt
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
M
:
M
e
th
odol
ogy
So
:
So
f
twa
r
e
Va
:
Va
li
da
ti
on
Fo
:
Fo
r
ma
l
a
na
ly
s
i
s
I
:
I
nve
s
ti
ga
ti
on
R
:
R
e
s
our
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
ta
C
ur
a
ti
on
O
:
W
r
it
in
g
-
O
r
ig
in
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
it
in
g
-
R
e
vi
e
w
&
E
di
ti
ng
Vi
:
Vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
Su
:
Su
pe
r
vi
s
io
n
P
:
P
r
oj
e
c
t
a
dmi
ni
s
tr
a
ti
on
Fu
:
Fu
ndi
ng
a
c
qui
s
it
io
n
CONF
L
I
CT
OF
I
NT
E
RE
S
T
S
T
AT
E
M
E
N
T
Author
s
s
tate
no
c
onf
li
c
t
of
int
e
r
e
s
t.
I
NF
ORM
E
D
CONSE
NT
W
e
ha
ve
obtaine
d
inf
or
med
c
ons
e
nt
f
r
om
a
ll
ind
ivi
dua
ls
include
d
in
thi
s
s
tudy.
DA
T
A
AV
AI
L
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
D
a
t
a
a
v
a
i
la
bi
l
it
y
is
no
t
a
pp
li
c
a
bl
e
t
o
t
his
pa
pe
r
a
s
no
n
e
w
da
ta
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
te
d
o
r
a
na
l
yz
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
ud
y
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[
1]
A
. A
te
e
q, M
. A
lz
or
a
ik
i,
M
.
M
il
he
m, a
nd R
. A
. A
te
e
q,
“
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
i
n e
duc
a
ti
on:
i
mpl
ic
a
ti
ons
f
or
a
c
a
de
mi
c
i
nt
e
gr
it
y a
nd
th
e
s
hi
f
t
to
w
a
r
d holi
s
ti
c
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
i
n E
duc
at
io
n
, vol
. 9, 2024, doi:
10.3389/f
e
duc
.2024.1470979.
[
2]
V
.
T
a
e
c
ha
r
ungr
oj
,
“
‘
W
ha
t
c
a
n
C
ha
tG
P
T
do?
’
a
na
ly
z
in
g
e
a
r
ly
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
to
th
e
in
nova
ti
ve
A
I
c
ha
tb
ot
on
T
w
it
te
r
,”
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D
at
a
and
C
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if
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tG
P
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ot
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it
?
’
m
ul
ti
di
s
c
ip
li
na
r
y
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
s
on
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
,
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
im
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
of
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
ona
l
A
I
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
a
nd
pol
ic
y,”
I
nt
e
r
n
at
io
nal
J
our
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at
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M
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e
lo
oki
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a
s
s
:
e
nvi
s
io
ni
ng
n
e
w
l
ib
r
a
r
y
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
’
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,”
L
ib
r
ar
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nc
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:
is
s
ue
s
,
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
th
r
e
a
ts
,”
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
ns
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r
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at
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A
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S
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“
M
a
c
hi
ne
s
a
ugm
e
nt
in
g
e
nt
r
e
pr
e
ne
ur
s
:
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
(
a
nd
th
r
e
a
ts
)
a
t
th
e
N
e
xus
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
nd e
nt
r
e
pr
e
ne
ur
s
hi
p,”
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ou
r
nal
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us
in
e
s
s
V
e
nt
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J
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ha
tt
e
r
je
e
a
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e
th
le
f
s
, “
T
hi
s
ne
w
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
ona
l
A
I
mode
l
c
a
n be
your
f
r
ie
nd, phil
os
ophe
r
, a
nd guide
. a
nd e
ve
n your
w
o
r
s
t
e
ne
my,”
P
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,
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r
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r
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l
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i
on
t
h
r
o
ug
h
a
r
ti
fi
c
i
al
i
nt
e
l
li
g
e
nc
e
:
B
o
ndi
ng
a
nd
b
e
li
e
f
,
1
s
t
e
d.
L
o
nd
on
:
B
l
oo
m
s
b
ur
y
P
ubl
i
s
h
in
g,
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M
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F
u
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r
,
“
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g
d
a
t
a
,
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t
hi
c
s
a
n
d
r
e
l
i
gi
o
n
:
n
e
w
q
u
e
s
t
io
n
s
f
r
om
a
n
e
w
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
”
R
e
li
g
io
n
s
,
vo
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
20
1
7
,
d
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i:
10
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3
39
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l
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C
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D
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I
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ll
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“
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gi
on
a
nd
s
oc
ia
l
v
a
lu
e
s
f
or
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
,”
Sus
ta
in
abi
li
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Sc
ie
nc
e
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a
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“
T
he
s
a
c
r
e
d
a
nd
th
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
or
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nc
e
:
r
e
li
gi
on
a
s
a
uni
que
pr
oc
e
s
s
,”
J
our
nal
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Soc
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l
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u
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in
r
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li
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f
or
r
e
li
gi
on,
A
.I
.
a
nd
r
e
li
gi
on:
to
w
a
r
ds
a
th
e
o
r
y
of
r
e
li
gi
ous
s
tu
di
e
s
a
nd
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
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Y
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A
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ya
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ur
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e
nt
r
is
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of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
n
d
r
e
li
gi
ous
s
tu
di
e
s
:
S
ome
r
e
f
le
c
ti
on
s
ba
s
e
d
on
C
h
a
tG
P
T
,”
M
il
la
h:
J
our
nal
of
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e
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gi
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St
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Q
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iv
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in
qui
r
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and
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
de
s
ig
n:
c
hoos
in
g
am
ong
fi
v
e
appr
oac
he
s
,
C
a
li
f
or
ni
a
,
U
ni
te
d
S
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G
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P
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W
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“
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f
a
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t
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ie
nc
e
f
ic
ti
on:
a
C
ha
tG
P
T
im
munol
ogi
c
a
l
r
e
vi
e
w
e
xp
e
r
im
e
nt
gone
a
w
r
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ic
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ll
ig
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nc
e
f
ounda
ti
on
a
nd
pr
e
-
tr
a
in
e
d
mode
ls
:
f
unda
me
nt
a
ls
,
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
,
a
nd
s
oc
ia
l
im
pa
c
ts
,”
Si
m
ul
at
io
n M
ode
ll
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g P
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te
gi
c
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s
l
a
mi
c
r
e
li
gi
ous
e
duc
a
ti
on
in
s
t
r
e
ngt
he
ni
ng
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
e
du
c
a
ti
on
in
th
e
e
r
a
of
in
dus
tr
ia
l
r
e
vol
u
ti
on
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iv
e
r
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vi
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b
a
c
kgr
ound,
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
,
ke
y
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,
bi
a
s
,
e
th
ic
s
,
li
mi
ta
ti
ons
a
nd
f
ut
ur
e
s
c
ope
,”
I
nt
e
r
n
e
t
of
T
hi
ngs
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be
r
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P
hy
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it
e
r
at
ur
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and C
ul
tu
r
e
,
C
a
mbr
id
ge
, U
ni
te
d K
in
gdom:
C
a
mbr
id
ge
U
ni
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r
s
it
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A
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pi
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M
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di
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a
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dr
is
,
“
C
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
opp
or
tu
ni
ti
e
s
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
dopt
io
n
in
is
la
mi
c
e
duc
a
ti
o
n
in
I
ndone
s
ia
n
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
ti
on i
ns
ti
tu
ti
ons
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
L
e
ar
ni
ng, T
e
ac
hi
ng and
E
duc
at
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nal
R
e
s
e
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M
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F
a
r
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k
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i
a
,
S
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K
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B
a
n
i
h
a
s
h
e
m
,
O
.
N
o
r
o
o
z
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
W
a
l
s
,
“
A
S
W
O
T
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
:
i
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
a
n
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
”
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
T
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
,
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ve
r
a
gi
ng
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ha
tG
P
T
f
or
e
nha
nc
in
g
c
r
it
ic
a
l
th
in
ki
ng
s
ki
ll
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
C
he
m
ic
al
E
duc
at
io
n
,
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A
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M
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B
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M
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Z
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S
.
A
lt
a
ya
s
in
a
h,
a
nd
F
.
D
a
ka
lb
a
b,
“
E
xpl
or
in
g
th
e
im
pa
c
t
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
:
c
onve
r
s
a
ti
ona
l
A
I
in
e
duc
a
ti
on,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
i
n E
duc
at
io
n
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A
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ir
a
t,
a
nd
T
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A
l
M
a
s
a
e
id
,
“
C
ons
e
n
s
us
or
c
ont
r
ove
r
s
y:
e
x
a
mi
ni
ng
A
I
’
s
im
pa
c
t
on
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
in
te
gr
it
y, s
tu
de
nt
l
e
a
r
ni
ng, a
nd i
nc
lu
s
iv
it
y w
it
hi
n hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
ti
on e
nvi
r
onme
nt
s
,”
i
n
2024 2nd I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
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r
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e
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il
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e
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it
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mode
l
s
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e
duc
a
ti
on
in
m
ode
r
n
I
s
la
mi
c
th
ought,”
B
r
it
is
h J
our
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M
id
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e
E
as
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
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2252
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8938
T
r
ans
for
mation
of
is
lamic
v
alues
in
the
e
r
a
of
ar
ti
f
icial
int
e
ll
igenc
e
(
N
ur
F
a
iz
in
)
4361
[
26]
T
a
mj
id
nor
,
S
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ia
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a
w
a
r
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a
mda
ni
,
F
.
A
ma
l,
a
nd
K
huz
a
in
i,
“
T
r
a
ns
f
or
ma
ti
on
of
H
a
di
th
te
a
c
hi
ng
a
s
a
n
e
f
f
or
t
to
r
e
vi
ta
li
z
e
I
s
la
mi
c
s
c
ie
nc
e
i
n
P
e
s
a
nt
r
e
n
,”
N
az
hr
una:
J
u
r
nal
P
e
ndi
di
k
an I
s
la
m
, vol
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–
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[
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G
.
C
oope
r
,
“
E
xa
mi
ni
ng
s
c
ie
nc
e
e
duc
a
ti
on
in
C
ha
tG
P
T
:
a
n
e
xpl
or
a
to
r
y
s
tu
dy
of
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,
”
J
ou
r
na
l
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
E
duc
at
io
n and T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, vol
. 32, no. 3, pp. 444
–
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10956
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023
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10039
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[
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W
.
H
.
W
a
lt
e
r
s
a
nd
E
.
I
.
W
il
de
r
,
“
F
a
br
ic
a
ti
on
a
nd
e
r
r
o
r
s
in
th
e
bi
bl
io
gr
a
phi
c
c
it
a
ti
ons
ge
ne
r
a
te
d
by
C
ha
tGP
T
,”
Sc
ie
nt
if
ic
R
e
po
r
ts
,
vol
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A
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A
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M
uns
hi
,
W
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H
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A
lS
a
bba
n,
A
.
T
.
F
a
r
a
g,
O
.
E
.
R
a
kha
,
A
.
A
l
S
a
ll
a
b,
a
nd
M
.
A
lo
ta
ib
i,
“
A
ut
oma
te
d
I
s
la
mi
c
ju
r
is
pr
ude
nt
ia
l
le
ga
l
opi
ni
ons
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
u
s
in
g
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,”
P
e
r
ta
ni
k
a
J
our
nal
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
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M
.
A
.
F
ir
d
a
u
s
,
M
.
S
y
ih
a
b
u
d
d
i
n,
a
n
d
Z
.
F
u
a
d
y
,
“
I
s
l
a
m
a
n
d
a
r
t
if
i
c
ia
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
ig
e
n
c
e
:
pe
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
f
r
om
tr
a
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
i
s
t
a
n
d
m
od
e
r
ni
s
t
M
us
l
i
m
C
o
m
m
u
ni
ti
e
s
i
n
I
nd
o
n
e
s
i
a
,
”
M
i
q
ot
:
J
u
r
n
a
l
I
lm
u
-
i
l
m
u
K
e
i
s
la
m
a
n
, v
o
l
.
4
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
.
14
1
–
16
1
,
2
0
2
5,
d
oi
:
1
0
.
30
8
2
1/
m
iq
o
t.
v
4
9i
1
.
13
3
3.
[
31]
A
.
A
l
Z
uba
e
r
,
M
.
G
r
a
ni
tz
e
r
,
a
nd
J
.
M
it
r
ovi
ć
,
“
P
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
a
na
ly
s
is
of
la
r
ge
la
ngu
a
ge
mode
ls
in
th
e
doma
in
of
le
g
a
l
a
r
gu
me
nt
mi
ni
ng,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
i
n A
r
ti
fi
c
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
, vol
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r
a
i.
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[
32]
L
.
N
e
ui
mi
s
te
r
,
“
L
a
w
ye
r
s
bl
a
me
C
ha
tG
P
T
f
or
tr
ic
k
in
g
th
e
m
in
to
c
it
in
g
bogus
c
a
s
e
la
w
,
”
A
P
ne
w
s
.
2023.
[
O
nl
in
e
]
.
A
va
il
a
bl
e
:
ht
tp
s
:/
/a
pne
w
s
.c
om/
a
r
ti
c
le
/a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
-
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
-
c
ha
tg
pt
-
c
our
ts
-
e
15023d7e
6f
df
4f
099a
a
122437dbb59b
[
33]
J
.
A
.
T
.
d
.
S
il
va
,
“
I
s
C
h
a
tG
P
T
a
v
a
li
d
a
u
th
or
?
,
”
N
ur
s
e
E
d
uc
at
io
n
in
P
r
ac
ti
c
e
,
v
ol
.
6
8,
2
02
3,
d
oi
:
10
.1
01
6/
j
.n
e
pr
.
20
23
.1
03
60
0.
[
34]
C
.
M
e
lc
he
r
t,
“
T
r
a
di
ti
oni
s
t
-
ju
r
is
pr
ude
nt
s
a
nd
th
e
f
r
a
mi
ng
o
f
I
s
la
mi
c
la
w
,”
I
s
la
m
ic
L
aw
and
Soc
ie
ty
,
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M
a
r
li
na
a
nd
Y
.
A
.
U
ly
a
,
“
C
omm
uni
c
a
ti
on
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
in
I
s
la
mi
c
da
’
w
a
h
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
in
th
e
e
r
a
of
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,”
F
e
e
dbac
k
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
ou
r
nal
of
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n
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[
36]
E
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tw
e
ll
,
C
.
B
r
ie
r
l
e
y
, K
.
D
u
k
e
s
,
M
. S
a
w
a
lh
a
,
a
nd
A
. S
ha
r
a
f
,
“
A
n
a
r
ti
f
i
c
i
a
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
a
p
pr
oa
c
h t
o A
r
a
bi
c
a
n
d I
s
la
mi
c
c
o
nt
e
nt
on
th
e
i
nt
e
r
ne
t,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
ng
s
o
f
N
I
T
S
3
r
d
N
at
io
na
l
I
nf
o
r
m
at
io
n T
e
c
h
no
lo
g
y
Sy
m
po
s
i
u
m
,
p
p.
1
–
1
3,
2
01
1,
d
oi
:
1
0.
13
14
0/
2.
1.
24
25
.9
52
8.
[
37]
S
.
K
r
üge
l,
A
.
O
s
te
r
ma
ie
r
,
a
nd
M
.
U
hl
,
“
C
ha
tG
P
T
’
s
in
c
ons
is
te
nt
mor
a
l
a
dvi
c
e
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
s
us
e
r
s
’
ju
dgme
nt
,”
Sc
ie
nt
if
ic
R
e
por
ts
,
vol
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A
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W
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S
u
kk
a
r
,
M
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W
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F
a
r
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e
d,
M
.
W
.
Y
a
h
ia
, E
.
M
u
s
h
ta
h
a
,
a
nd
S
. L
.
de
G
io
s
a
,
“
A
r
ti
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
I
s
l
a
mi
c
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
(
A
I
I
A
)
:
w
h
a
t
i
s
I
s
l
a
m
i
c
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
r
e
i
n
th
e
a
ge
o
f
a
r
t
if
i
c
i
a
l
i
nt
e
l
li
g
e
n
c
e
?
,”
B
ui
l
di
n
g
s
,
v
ol
.
14
,
no
.
3,
2
02
4,
d
oi
:
10
.3
39
0/
bui
ld
in
g
s
1
40
30
78
1.
[
39]
M
.
A
.
A
bdul
r
a
hma
n,
“
T
h
e
f
ut
ur
e
of
ha
di
th
s
tu
di
e
s
in
th
e
di
gi
ta
l
a
ge
:
oppor
tu
n
it
ie
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
c
ohumanis
m
,
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[
40]
E
.
K
os
a
s
ih
,
M
.
R
.
F
.
I
s
la
my,
a
nd
R
.
S
.
W
iw
a
ha
,
“
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
i
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
in
th
e
e
r
a
of
s
oc
i
e
ty
5.0:
c
ompr
omi
s
in
g
te
c
hnol
og
ic
a
l
in
nova
ti
on
t
hr
ough
th
e
W
a
s
a
th
iy
ya
h
a
ppr
oa
c
h
w
it
hi
n
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
of
I
s
la
mi
c
la
w
,”
Al
-
I
s
ti
nbat
h:
J
ur
nal
H
uk
um
I
s
la
m
,
vol
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[
41]
M
.
K
.
A
.
Al
-
J
a
n
a
bi
,
“
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
in
qur
a
ni
c
e
xe
g
e
s
is
:
a
c
r
it
ic
a
l
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
s
tu
dy
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
te
c
hnol
ogy
,
”
Q
U
R
A
N
I
C
A
-
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
Q
ur
ani
c
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, vol
.
16
, no. 2,
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12
-
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D
e
c
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[
42]
H
.
L
in
,
L
.
N
i,
C
.
P
huong,
a
nd
J
.
C
.
H
ong,
“
N
a
tu
r
a
l
la
ng
ua
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
f
or
r
a
di
a
ti
on
onc
ol
ogy:
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
in
g
tr
e
a
t
me
nt
pa
th
w
a
ys
,”
P
har
m
a
c
oge
nom
ic
s
and P
e
r
s
onal
iz
e
d M
e
di
c
in
e
, vo
l.
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76, 2024, doi:
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G
P
M
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[
43]
P
.
K
ha
la
te
,
S
.
G
it
e
,
B
.
P
r
a
dha
n,
a
nd
C
.
W
.
L
e
e
,
“
A
dva
nc
e
me
nt
s
a
nd
ga
ps
in
na
tu
r
a
l
la
ngua
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
a
nd
ma
c
hi
ne
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
in
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
:
a
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
r
e
vi
e
w
of
e
le
c
tr
oni
c
me
di
c
a
l
r
e
c
or
ds
a
nd
me
di
c
a
l
im
a
gi
ng,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
in
P
hy
s
ic
s
,
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A
.
S
a
e
e
d
,
“
A
ut
hor
it
y
in
Q
ur
'
ā
ni
c
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
ti
on
a
nd
in
te
r
pr
e
ti
v
e
c
omm
uni
ti
e
s
,
”
C
om
m
uni
c
at
in
g
th
e
W
o
r
d
R
e
v
e
la
ti
on
T
r
ans
la
ti
on
and I
nt
e
r
pr
e
ta
ti
on i
n C
hr
i
s
ti
ani
ty
and I
s
la
m
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2011
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[
45]
G
.
Y
oung,
R
e
adi
ng
and
pr
ay
in
g
onl
in
e
:
T
he
c
ont
in
ui
ty
of
r
e
li
gi
on
onl
in
e
and
onl
in
e
r
e
li
gi
on
in
in
te
r
ne
t
c
h
r
is
ti
ani
ty
.
R
out
le
dge
,
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[
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R
.
N
.
G
e
r
a
c
i,
“
S
pi
r
it
ua
l
r
obot
s
:
r
e
li
g
io
n
a
nd
our
s
c
ie
nt
if
ic
v
ie
w
of
th
e
na
tu
r
a
l
w
or
ld
,”
T
he
ol
ogy
and
Sc
ie
nc
e
,
vol
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B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
T
HO
RS
N
ur
F
a
i
z
i
n
i
s
an
a
l
u
m
n
u
s
o
f
G
ad
j
a
h
Ma
d
a
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
an
d
al
-
A
zh
ar
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
o
f
E
g
y
p
t
.
H
e
i
s
i
n
t
er
es
t
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
Q
u
r'a
n
,
A
rab
i
c
l
an
g
u
ag
e
,
Is
l
ami
c
s
t
u
d
i
es
,
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
al
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
an
d
Is
l
ami
c
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
.
H
e
n
o
w
w
o
rk
s
as
a
l
ect
u
rer
i
n
D
e
p
art
me
n
t
o
f
A
ra
b
i
c
L
an
g
u
a
g
e,
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
a
s
N
eg
eri
Mal
a
n
g
,
s
t
.
S
emaran
g
5
Mal
an
g
6
5
1
4
5
,
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as
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
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Vol.
14,
No.
5:
Oc
tober
2025
:
43
53
-
4362
4362
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.