I
AE
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
Ar
t
if
icial
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
Vol.
14
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
2025
,
pp
.
3667
~
3680
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jai
.
v
14
.i
5
.
pp
36
67
-
3680
3667
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
ij
ai
.
iaes
c
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c
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sf
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t
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m
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ig
ital
p
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Rahm
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Al
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Has
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iah
Ali
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1
F
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C
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ngi
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g, M
ul
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me
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U
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s
it
y, C
ybe
r
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, M
a
l
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Ar
t
icle
I
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f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Apr
16,
2024
R
e
vis
e
d
J
ul
21,
2025
Ac
c
e
pted
Aug
6,
2025
U
n
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ai
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ab
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y
meet
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
req
u
i
reme
n
t
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
onve
nti
ona
l
pa
r
king
De
c
is
ion
-
making
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
Digit
a
l
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
S
pa
c
e
uti
li
z
a
ti
on
S
us
taina
bil
it
y
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
He
z
e
r
ul
Abdul
Ka
r
im
F
a
c
ult
y
of
A
r
ti
f
icia
l
I
ntelli
ge
nc
e
a
nd
E
nginee
r
ing
,
M
ult
im
e
dia
Unive
r
s
it
y
C
ybe
r
jaya
-
63100
,
M
a
lays
ia
E
mail:
he
z
e
r
ul@m
mu
.
e
du.
my
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
P
a
r
king
mana
ge
ment
on
univer
s
it
y
c
a
mpus
e
s
is
dif
f
icult
in
a
n
a
ge
o
f
incr
e
a
s
ing
tec
hnology
a
nd
ur
ba
niza
ti
on
.
T
r
a
dit
ional
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
of
ten
li
mi
t
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
,
tr
a
f
f
ic,
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
a
nd
s
us
taina
bil
it
y.
Digit
a
l
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
let
univ
e
r
s
it
ies
s
a
ti
s
f
y
innovative
ne
e
d
s
a
nd
im
pr
ove
c
a
mpus
tr
a
ns
por
tation
[
1]
.
Digi
tal
s
tudent
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
a
t
c
oll
e
ge
s
pr
ovide
s
e
ve
r
a
l
be
ne
f
it
s
a
nd
s
olve
many
dif
f
iculti
e
s
with
t
r
a
dit
ional
pa
r
king.
Digit
a
l
pa
r
king
us
e
s
tec
hnology
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
t
o
opti
mi
z
e
pa
r
king
s
pa
c
e
s
.
I
t
us
e
s
many
ha
r
dwa
r
e
,
s
of
twa
r
e
,
a
nd
tool
c
omponents
to
s
im
pli
f
y
a
nd
im
pr
ove
pa
r
king.
T
e
c
hnology
-
ba
s
e
d
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
pr
ov
ide
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
in
f
or
mation
,
guidanc
e
,
a
utom
a
ted
pa
yments
,
incr
e
a
s
e
d
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
a
nd
da
ta
-
dr
i
ve
n
i
ns
ight
s
[
2]
.
T
he
s
e
f
e
a
tur
e
s
im
pr
ove
un
iver
s
it
y
s
tudents
'
pa
r
king
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
li
ty
,
a
nd
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
.
Unive
r
s
it
y
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
pr
omot
e
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
c
onve
nienc
e
,
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
a
nd
s
us
taina
bil
it
y.
T
e
c
hnology
c
a
n
im
pr
ove
s
tudent
pa
r
k
ing
a
nd
make
c
a
mpu
s
e
s
mor
e
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
nd
g
r
e
e
ne
r
.
T
he
non
-
digi
tal
M
ult
im
e
dia
Unive
r
s
it
y
(
M
M
U)
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
c
a
us
e
s
s
tudent
s
,
pr
of
e
s
s
or
s
,
a
nd
vis
it
or
s
many
pr
oblems
.
T
he
lac
k
of
a
d
igi
tal
c
a
r
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
make
s
it
ha
r
d
to
f
ind
pa
r
king
plac
e
s
,
li
mi
ts
s
pa
c
e
uti
li
z
a
ti
on
,
a
nd
lac
ks
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
pa
yments
,
a
nd
da
ta
-
dr
iven
de
c
is
ion
making.
A
r
obus
t
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
is
ne
e
de
d
to
f
ix
thes
e
is
s
ue
s
a
nd
im
pr
ove
univer
s
it
y
pa
r
king.
T
r
a
dit
ional
pa
r
k
ing
s
ys
tems
may
lac
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
20
25
:
36
67
-
3680
3668
s
e
c
ur
it
y
e
leme
nts
li
ke
a
c
c
e
s
s
c
ontr
ols
or
li
ghti
ng
[
3]
.
T
his
may
incr
e
a
s
e
pa
r
ke
d
c
a
r
thef
t,
va
nda
li
s
m,
a
nd
other
s
e
c
ur
it
y
is
s
ue
s
.
S
tudents
'
c
onc
e
r
ns
a
bout
a
utom
obil
e
s
e
c
ur
it
y
may
lowe
r
c
a
mpus
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
a
nd
tr
a
nquil
ly.
W
it
h
li
mi
ted
pa
r
king
a
nd
no
a
utom
a
te
d
s
ys
tem,
mana
ging
a
nd
a
ll
oc
a
ti
ng
s
pots
is
dif
f
icult.
T
h
is
may
r
e
duc
e
pa
r
k
ing,
e
s
pe
c
ially
dur
ing
pe
a
k
hour
.
S
tudents
c
a
n
ge
t
f
r
us
tr
a
ted
,
s
pe
nd
ti
me,
a
nd
a
r
r
iv
e
late
to
c
las
s
e
s
or
a
ppoint
ments
due
to
pa
r
king
is
s
ue
s
[
4]
.
I
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
tr
a
f
f
ic
may
f
or
c
e
in
s
tr
uc
tor
s
a
nd
s
taf
f
to
dr
ive
a
bout
looki
ng
f
or
pa
r
king
s
pots
without
a
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem.
T
his
may
c
a
us
e
e
xtr
a
tr
a
f
f
ic
on
u
niver
s
it
y
a
nd
ne
ighbor
hood
r
oa
ds
.
C
onge
s
ti
on
incr
e
a
s
e
s
tr
a
ve
l
ti
me
a
nd
lowe
r
s
s
a
f
e
ty.
Unive
r
s
it
y
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
s
a
r
e
r
e
volut
ioni
z
e
d
by
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem.
T
he
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
us
e
s
te
c
hnology
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
da
ta
to
im
pr
ove
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment.
I
t
make
s
pa
r
king
e
a
s
y
f
or
s
tudents
,
pr
o
f
e
s
s
or
s
,
a
nd
s
taf
f
[
5]
.
T
his
s
tudy
a
na
lys
e
s
how
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
c
a
n
incr
e
a
s
e
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty
us
ing
digi
tal
pa
r
king
c
hoice
s
.
T
his
s
tudy
e
xa
mi
ne
s
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem's
ke
y
f
e
a
tur
e
s
,
be
ne
f
it
s
,
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ts
on
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment
a
t
c
oll
e
ge
s
to
s
how
how
it
is
c
ha
nging
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment.
T
hr
ough
a
na
lys
is
,
thi
s
s
tudy
s
e
e
ks
to
be
tt
e
r
un
de
r
s
tand
how
tec
hnology
im
pr
ove
s
c
a
mpus
mob
il
it
y
a
nd
univer
s
it
y
li
f
e
.
T
he
unique
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
kin
g
-
Digi
S
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
of
f
e
r
s
c
a
mpus
us
e
r
s
a
c
omf
or
table
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
digi
tal
pa
r
king
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
.
A
we
bs
it
e
a
nd
mobi
le
a
pp
will
a
ll
ow
c
ons
umer
s
to
r
e
gis
ter
f
or
a
Digis
ti
c
ke
r
,
a
unique
QR
c
ode
that
identi
f
ies
their
a
utom
obil
e
s
.
T
he
ini
ti
a
ti
ve
a
im
s
to
s
im
pli
f
y
pa
r
king
a
nd
im
pr
ove
s
tudent/t
e
a
c
he
r
/s
taf
f
a
c
c
e
s
s
ibi
li
ty
with
thi
s
s
ys
tem.
L
i
s
t
of
pa
pe
r
objec
ti
ve
s
:
i)
t
o
c
r
e
a
te
a
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
we
bs
it
e
a
nd
mobi
le
a
pp,
the
pr
ojec
t
a
i
ms
to
p
r
ovide
a
n
int
uit
ive
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
R
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
f
or
a
Digi
S
ti
c
ke
r
a
n
d
pa
r
king
inf
or
mation
is
s
im
ple;
i
i)
t
he
ini
t
iative
pr
ovides
a
tho
r
ough
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
f
or
m
to
s
tr
e
a
ml
ine
the
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
dur
e
.
F
il
l
out
thi
s
f
or
m
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
Digi
S
ti
c
ke
r
us
in
g
your
pe
r
s
ona
l
a
nd
c
a
r
de
tails
;
ii
i)
t
he
pr
opos
a
l
pr
ovides
a
s
c
a
n
-
ba
s
e
d
s
y
s
tem
f
or
univer
s
it
y
ga
t
e
e
ntr
y.
T
he
tec
hnology
c
h
e
c
ks
the
Digi
S
ti
c
ke
r
's
QR
c
ode
to
e
a
s
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
a
nd
a
utho
r
ize
a
dmi
s
s
ion.
T
he
a
bs
e
nc
e
of
a
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
a
t
univ
e
r
s
it
ies
c
a
n
r
e
s
ult
in
li
mi
ted
pa
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y,
incr
e
a
s
e
d
tr
a
f
f
ic
c
onge
s
ti
on,
inef
f
icie
nt
s
pa
c
e
uti
li
z
a
ti
o
n,
s
e
c
ur
it
y
c
onc
e
r
ns
,
inconve
nienc
e
in
pa
yment
methods
,
li
mi
ted
da
ta
f
or
de
c
is
ion
making,
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
d
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
e
f
f
or
ts
.
I
mpl
e
menting
a
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
c
a
n
he
lp
a
ddr
e
s
s
the
s
e
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
pr
ovide
a
mor
e
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
nd
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
pa
r
king
e
x
p
e
r
ienc
e
f
or
s
tudents
.
T
he
r
e
s
t
of
the
pa
pe
r
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
s
e
c
ti
on
2
dis
c
us
s
e
s
the
li
ter
a
tur
e
r
e
view
.
S
ys
tem
de
s
ign
is
e
xplaine
d
in
s
e
c
ti
ons
3.
Dis
c
us
s
ion
pa
r
t
is
e
labor
a
te
in
the
s
e
c
ti
on
4.
I
n
c
onc
lus
ion,
f
inal
obs
e
r
va
ti
ons
a
nd
r
e
c
omm
e
nda
ti
ons
f
or
f
utur
e
wo
r
k
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
s
e
c
ti
on
5.
2.
L
I
T
E
RA
T
UR
E
RE
VI
E
W
I
n
s
ti
tu
ti
on
s
a
r
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
gl
y
u
s
in
g
di
gi
ta
l
p
a
r
ki
ng
s
o
lu
ti
on
s
t
o
m
a
n
a
ge
c
a
mp
u
s
m
ob
il
i
ty.
T
r
a
d
it
io
na
l
pa
r
ki
ng
s
y
s
te
m
s
bl
oc
k
tr
a
f
f
i
c
,
w
a
s
t
e
s
p
a
c
e
,
a
nd
li
mi
t
a
v
a
i
l
a
bi
li
ty.
D
igi
t
a
l
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
o
lu
ti
on
s
i
mpr
ov
e
c
a
mp
u
s
m
obi
li
ty
a
n
d
p
a
r
k
in
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt,
h
e
l
pi
ng
in
s
t
it
ut
io
ns
f
ix
th
e
s
e
i
s
s
u
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
e
v
a
l
ua
ti
on
di
s
c
u
s
s
e
s
dig
it
a
l
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
r
e
v
ol
uti
on
a
r
y
p
ot
e
n
ti
a
l
a
nd
Di
giS
ti
c
k
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
a
mp
u
s
m
ob
il
it
y
b
e
n
e
f
it
s
.
Di
git
a
l
p
a
r
kin
g
of
f
e
r
s
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
a
d
va
nt
a
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
s
tr
e
s
s
e
s
th
e
i
r
a
bi
li
ty
to
e
xp
a
nd
p
a
r
ki
ng
a
n
d
r
e
du
c
e
un
iv
e
r
s
i
ty
c
a
mp
u
s
c
on
ge
s
ti
o
n.
S
m
it
h
e
t
al
.
[
6]
f
o
un
d
th
a
t
dig
it
a
l
pa
r
ki
ng
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
pa
r
ki
ng,
r
e
du
c
i
ng
tr
a
f
f
i
c
a
n
d
im
pr
o
vi
ng
s
tu
de
nt,
te
a
c
h
e
r
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
f
f
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
bil
it
y.
D
ig
it
a
l
p
a
r
ki
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
i
mpr
ov
e
c
a
mp
u
s
p
a
r
kin
g
f
a
c
il
it
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
[
7]
.
T
r
a
dit
ional
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
without
digi
tal
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
e
nc
ounter
is
s
ue
s
that
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
a
nd
s
ys
tem
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
[
8
]
.
L
a
c
k
of
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
in
f
or
mation
make
s
it
ha
r
d
f
or
s
tud
e
nts
a
nd
wor
ke
r
s
to
f
ind
pa
r
k
ing,
e
s
pe
c
ially
dur
ing
pe
a
k
h
our
s
.
I
ne
f
f
icie
nt
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
f
a
il
to
c
ontr
ol
c
a
r
f
low,
c
a
us
ing
c
a
mpus
a
nd
a
djac
e
nt
tr
a
f
f
ic
c
onge
s
ti
on.
T
r
a
dit
ional
pa
r
king
a
r
e
a
s
lac
k
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
r
a
is
ing
s
e
c
ur
it
y
wor
r
ies
[
9]
.
T
his
puts
pa
r
ke
d
c
a
r
s
a
nd
us
e
r
s
a
t
da
n
ge
r
of
thef
t
,
va
nda
li
s
m,
a
nd
oth
e
r
ha
z
a
r
ds
.
Dig
it
a
l
pa
yment
s
olut
ions
a
r
e
mor
e
c
onve
nient
than
c
a
s
h
or
ti
c
ke
t
-
ba
s
e
d
s
ys
tem
s
,
whic
h
take
ti
me
a
nd
a
r
e
les
s
us
e
r
-
f
r
i
e
ndly.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
typi
c
a
l
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
ge
ne
r
a
ll
y
lac
k
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
a
nd
a
na
lys
is
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
,
li
mi
ti
ng
c
oll
e
ge
s
'
pa
r
k
ing
de
c
is
ions
.
P
oor
r
e
s
our
c
e
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
a
nd
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
p
lanning
without
da
t
a
-
dr
iven
ins
ight
s
lea
d
to
uns
a
ti
s
f
a
c
tor
y
pa
r
king
s
olut
ions
[
10]
.
T
r
a
dit
ional
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
s
tr
uggle
with
li
mi
ted
pa
r
king,
t
r
a
f
f
ic
,
s
e
c
ur
it
y
,
a
wkw
a
r
d
pa
yment
meth
ods
,
a
nd
lac
k
o
f
da
ta
f
or
de
c
is
ion
-
making.
Digit
a
l
pa
r
king
s
olut
ions
c
a
n
s
olv
e
thes
e
i
s
s
ue
s
a
nd
incr
e
a
s
e
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
a
nd
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
T
a
ble
1
s
hows
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
in
M
a
lays
ian
U
niver
s
it
ies
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
viable
s
olut
ions
a
nd
be
s
t
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
ha
ve
a
r
is
e
n
to
ove
r
c
ome
tr
a
dit
ional
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
dif
f
iculti
e
s
.
Us
e
r
s
c
a
n
ge
t
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
inf
or
mation
a
nd
guidanc
e
us
ing
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
te
ms
[
11]
.
T
he
s
e
s
ys
tems
pr
ovide
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
pos
it
ion
inf
or
mation
to
maximi
s
e
pa
r
king
s
pa
c
e
us
e
a
nd
s
a
ve
s
e
a
r
c
h
ti
me.
S
e
c
ur
it
y
mus
t
a
ls
o
be
im
pr
ove
d.
T
his
invo
lves
ins
talli
ng
c
a
mer
a
s
,
a
c
c
e
s
s
c
ontr
ols
,
a
nd
s
uf
f
icie
nt
il
lum
ination
in
pa
r
k
ing
lot
s
to
s
e
c
ur
e
ve
hicle
s
a
nd
us
e
r
s
[
12]
.
T
he
s
e
methods
de
ter
thef
t,
v
a
nda
li
s
m,
a
nd
other
s
e
c
ur
it
y
is
s
ue
s
.
T
a
ble
2
s
hows
M
a
lays
ia
n
U
niver
s
it
y
pa
r
king
s
hor
tage
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
ming
c
ampus
mobili
ty:
the
DigiSt
ick
e
r
s
y
s
tem
in
digi
tal
par
k
ing
s
olut
ions
(
R
ahman
M
d
M
ojn
ur
)
3669
T
a
ble
1
.
Digit
a
l
pa
r
k
i
ng
s
ys
tems
in
M
a
lays
ian
U
niver
s
it
ies
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
D
ig
it
a
l
pa
r
ki
ng s
ys
te
m
K
e
y
f
e
a
tu
r
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ya
S
ma
r
t
pa
r
ki
ng s
ys
te
m
M
obi
le
a
pp i
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
P
ut
r
a
M
a
la
ys
ia
R
F
I
D
-
ba
s
e
d
pa
r
ki
ng ma
na
ge
me
nt
s
y
s
te
m
A
ut
oma
te
d a
c
c
e
s
s
c
ont
r
ol
t
hr
ough R
F
I
D
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
e
knol
ogi
M
a
la
y
s
ia
A
ut
oma
te
d
li
c
e
ns
e
pl
a
te
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on s
ys
te
m
V
e
hi
c
le
i
de
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on t
hr
ough li
c
e
ns
e
pl
a
te
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
S
a
in
s
M
a
la
y
s
ia
Q
R
c
ode
pa
r
ki
ng s
y
s
te
m
Q
R
c
ode
s
c
a
nni
ng f
or
e
nt
r
y a
nd e
xi
t
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
K
e
ba
ngs
a
a
n M
a
la
y
s
ia
P
a
y
-
by
-
a
pp pa
r
ki
ng
s
ys
te
m
P
a
yme
nt
t
hr
ough mobi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
I
s
la
m Anta
r
a
ba
ngs
a
N
F
C
-
e
na
bl
e
d
pa
r
ki
ng s
ys
te
m
N
e
a
r
f
ie
ld
c
omm
uni
c
a
ti
on
f
or
a
c
c
e
s
s
c
ont
r
ol
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
e
na
ga
N
a
s
io
na
l
P
a
r
ki
ng
gui
da
nc
e
s
ys
te
m wit
h
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
upda
te
s
R
e
a
l
-
ti
me
a
va
il
a
bi
li
ty
upda
te
s
f
or
pa
r
ki
ng s
lo
ts
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
S
a
b
a
h
O
nl
in
e
booking s
ys
te
m f
or
pa
r
ki
ng s
pa
c
e
s
A
dva
nc
e
booking of
pa
r
ki
ng s
lo
ts
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
U
ta
r
a
M
a
la
ys
i
a
A
ut
oma
te
d
pa
r
ki
ng f
e
e
pa
yme
nt
s
ys
t
e
m
A
ut
oma
te
d pa
yme
nt
ki
os
ks
f
or
pa
r
ki
ng f
e
e
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
e
knol
ogi
M
A
R
A
M
obi
le
pa
yme
nt
i
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on w
it
h pa
r
ki
ng
me
te
r
s
M
obi
le
pa
yme
nt
opt
io
ns
f
or
pa
r
ki
ng me
te
r
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
V
e
hi
c
le
de
te
c
ti
on s
y
s
te
m wit
h oc
c
up
a
nc
y
tr
a
c
ki
ng
D
e
te
c
ti
on of
ve
hi
c
le
pr
e
s
e
n
c
e
a
nd oc
c
upa
nc
y
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
P
e
ndi
di
ka
n S
ul
ta
n I
dr
is
D
yna
mi
c
pr
ic
in
g s
ys
te
m ba
s
e
d on
de
ma
nd
P
a
r
ki
ng f
e
e
s
va
r
y ba
s
e
d on de
ma
nd
a
nd us
a
g
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
T
e
r
e
ngga
nu
R
e
s
e
r
va
ti
on
s
y
s
te
m f
or
V
I
P
p
a
r
ki
ng
R
e
s
e
r
ve
d pa
r
ki
ng s
lo
t
s
f
or
V
I
P
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
unku Abdul R
a
hma
n
S
e
ns
or
-
ba
s
e
d
pa
r
ki
ng
a
va
il
a
bi
li
ty
di
s
pl
a
y
s
ys
te
m
S
e
ns
or
s
i
ndi
c
a
te
a
va
il
a
bl
e
pa
r
ki
ng s
pot
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
K
e
la
nt
a
n
P
a
r
ki
ng
pe
r
mi
t
ma
na
ge
me
nt
s
ys
te
m
M
a
na
ge
me
nt
of
pa
r
ki
ng pe
r
mi
ts
a
nd a
c
c
e
s
s
c
ont
r
ol
T
a
ble
2
.
P
a
r
king
s
lot
s
hor
tage
s
in
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
univer
s
it
ies
in
M
a
lays
ia
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
P
a
r
ki
ng
s
lo
t
s
hor
ta
ge
s
C
a
us
e
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ya
F
r
e
que
nt
s
hor
ta
ge
s
dur
in
g pe
a
k hour
s
I
nc
r
e
a
s
in
g s
tu
de
nt
popula
ti
on
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
P
ut
r
a
M
a
la
ys
ia
D
if
f
ic
ul
ty
f
in
di
ng s
pa
c
e
s
ne
a
r
a
c
a
de
mi
c
bui
ld
in
gs
I
ns
uf
f
ic
ie
nt
pa
r
ki
ng s
pa
c
e
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
e
knol
ogi
M
a
la
y
s
ia
C
onge
s
ti
on i
n pa
r
ki
ng a
r
e
a
s
du
e
t
o l
im
it
e
d s
pa
c
e
G
r
ow
in
g numbe
r
o
f
ve
hi
c
le
s
on c
a
mpus
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
S
a
in
s
M
a
la
y
s
ia
S
hor
ta
ge
s
, e
s
pe
c
i
a
ll
y dur
in
g e
ve
nt
s
a
nd e
xa
m
s
I
na
de
qua
te
pa
r
ki
ng f
a
c
il
it
ie
s
f
or
l
a
r
ge
ga
th
e
r
in
gs
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
K
e
ba
ngs
a
a
n
M
a
la
ys
ia
F
r
us
tr
a
ti
on due
t
o l
im
it
e
d s
lo
ts
r
e
la
ti
ve
t
o
popula
ti
on
L
im
it
e
d e
xpa
ns
io
n of
pa
r
ki
ng i
nf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
I
s
la
m Anta
r
a
ba
ngs
a
S
c
a
r
c
it
y dur
in
g pe
a
k hour
s
L
a
c
k of
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
t
r
a
ns
por
ta
ti
on opti
ons
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
e
na
ga
N
a
s
io
na
l
I
ns
uf
f
ic
ie
nt
pa
r
ki
ng de
s
pi
te
e
f
f
or
ts
t
o e
xpa
nd
R
a
pi
d gr
ow
th
of
uni
ve
r
s
it
y w
it
hout
pr
opor
ti
ona
l
pa
r
ki
ng gr
ow
th
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
S
a
b
a
h
C
ha
ll
e
nge
s
dur
in
g e
ve
nt
s
a
nd s
e
mi
na
r
s
I
na
de
qua
te
pl
a
nni
ng f
or
t
e
mpor
a
r
y pa
r
ki
ng
ne
e
ds
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
U
ta
r
a
M
a
la
ys
i
a
S
hor
ta
ge
s
ne
a
r
a
c
a
de
mi
c
bui
ld
in
g
s
a
nd of
f
ic
e
s
L
a
c
k of
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
pa
r
ki
ng ma
na
ge
me
nt
s
ys
te
ms
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
e
knol
ogi
M
A
R
A
R
e
c
ur
r
in
g i
s
s
ue
w
it
h i
na
de
qu
a
te
f
a
c
il
it
ie
s
P
oor
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on of
a
va
il
a
bl
e
pa
r
ki
ng s
pa
c
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
D
if
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
dur
in
g pe
a
k hour
s
a
nd e
ve
nt
s
L
im
it
e
d f
undi
ng f
o
r
pa
r
ki
ng i
nf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
im
pr
ove
me
nt
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
P
e
ndi
di
ka
n S
ul
ta
n I
dr
is
I
nc
onve
ni
e
nc
e
t
o s
tu
de
nt
s
a
nd s
ta
f
f
I
na
de
qua
te
e
nf
or
c
e
me
nt
of
pa
r
ki
ng
r
e
gul
a
ti
ons
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
T
e
r
e
ngga
nu
D
if
f
ic
ul
ty
f
in
di
ng s
pa
c
e
s
ne
a
r
l
e
c
tu
r
e
ha
ll
s
I
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d ve
hi
c
ul
a
r
t
r
a
f
f
ic
dur
in
g s
pe
c
if
ic
ti
me
s
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
T
unku Abdul
R
a
hma
n
P
e
r
s
is
te
nt
s
hor
ta
ge
s
d
e
s
pi
te
e
f
f
or
ts
G
e
ogr
a
phi
c
c
ons
tr
a
in
ts
on c
a
mpus
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
la
ys
ia
K
e
la
nt
a
n
C
onge
s
ti
on a
nd dif
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
f
or
s
tu
de
nt
s
a
nd
s
ta
f
f
L
a
c
k of
c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
on w
it
h l
oc
a
l
a
ut
hor
it
ie
s
f
or
pa
r
ki
ng s
ol
ut
io
ns
Da
ta
ga
ther
ing
a
nd
a
na
lys
is
a
r
e
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
f
or
pa
r
king
is
s
ue
s
.
Unive
r
s
it
y
pa
r
king
uti
li
z
a
ti
on,
oc
c
upa
nc
y,
a
nd
us
e
r
be
ha
viour
da
ta
c
a
n
pr
ovid
e
s
igni
f
ica
nt
in
f
or
mation
[
13]
.
T
his
da
ta
-
dr
iven
s
tr
a
tegy
inf
or
ms
r
e
s
our
c
e
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on,
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
de
v
e
lopm
e
nt,
a
nd
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
opti
mi
s
a
ti
on.
P
r
omot
e
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
too.
P
a
r
king
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
a
n
be
op
t
im
is
e
d
to
maximi
s
e
s
pa
c
e
uti
li
s
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
a
ve
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
on
[
14]
–
[
17]
.
P
r
omot
ing
c
yc
li
ng
a
nd
publi
c
tr
a
ns
it
c
a
n
r
e
duc
e
a
utom
obil
e
us
e
a
nd
pa
r
king
de
mand
[
1
8]
,
[
19]
.
P
r
omot
ing
e
lec
tr
ic
c
a
r
c
ha
r
ging
s
tations
he
lps
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
[
20]
,
[
21]
.
T
a
ble
3
c
ompar
e
s
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
to
va
r
ious
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
.
Unive
r
s
it
y
c
a
mpus
e
s
a
r
e
s
a
f
e
r
a
nd
mor
e
e
f
f
ic
ient
with
c
omput
e
r
ize
d
pa
r
k
ing
s
ys
tems
.
Ga
te
a
c
c
e
s
s
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
to
r
ing
i
mpr
ove
c
a
mpus
pa
r
king
f
a
c
il
it
y
s
e
c
ur
it
y
a
nd
s
take
holder
s
a
f
e
ty
[
22]
–
[
24]
.
Digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tems
he
lp
un
iver
s
it
y
c
a
mpus
e
s
be
s
us
taina
bl
e
.
Digit
a
l
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
s
r
e
duc
e
d
c
a
r
bon
e
mi
s
s
ions
f
r
om
pa
r
king
c
i
r
c
les
a
n
d
c
a
mpus
pa
r
king
f
a
c
il
it
ies
'
e
nvi
r
onmenta
l
f
ootpr
i
nt
[
25
]
.
T
he
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
of
f
e
r
s
innovative
digi
tal
p
a
r
king
s
olut
ions
to
im
pr
ove
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty.
Dig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
im
pr
ove
s
pa
r
king
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
s
by
of
f
e
r
ing
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
inf
or
mation,
guidanc
e
,
a
nd
a
utom
a
ted
pa
yments
[
26]
.
Us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
a
nd
e
nvir
onmen
tal
c
onc
e
r
ns
he
lp
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
s
olve
univer
s
it
y
pa
r
king
p
r
oblems
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
20
25
:
36
67
-
3680
3670
T
a
ble
3
.
Dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
s
im
il
a
r
it
ies
be
twe
e
n
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
a
nd
other
s
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
M
M
U
di
gi
ta
l
-
pa
r
ki
ng s
ys
te
m
O
th
e
r
s
s
im
il
a
r
s
ys
te
m
T
he
M
M
U
s
ys
te
m
a
im
s
to
s
tr
e
a
ml
in
e
th
e
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
by
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
us
e
r
in
f
or
ma
ti
on,
in
c
lu
di
ng
pe
r
s
ona
l
de
ta
il
s
a
nd
c
a
r
in
f
or
ma
ti
on,
th
r
ough
a
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on
f
or
m.
T
hi
s
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
ns
ur
e
s
th
a
t
a
ll
r
e
le
va
nt
d
e
ta
il
s
a
r
e
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
,
ma
ki
ng
it
e
a
s
ie
r
f
or
us
e
r
s
to
r
e
gi
s
te
r
a
nd obta
in
t
he
ir
D
ig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
s
.
T
he
ot
he
r
s
s
ys
te
m a
im
s
t
o s
tr
e
a
ml
in
e
t
he
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on pr
oc
e
s
s
by
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
u
s
e
r
in
f
or
ma
ti
on,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
I
C
/P
a
s
s
por
t
numbe
r
a
nd
D
r
iv
in
g
L
ic
e
ns
e
numbe
r
a
nd
c
a
r
numbe
r
pl
a
te
,
th
r
ough
a
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on
f
or
m.
T
hi
s
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
n
s
ur
e
s
t
ha
t
a
ll
r
e
le
va
nt
de
t
a
il
s
f
or
ge
t
R
F
I
D
.
T
he
M
M
U
s
ys
te
m
g
e
ne
r
a
te
s
a
uni
que
Q
R
c
ode
,
known
a
s
a
"
D
ig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
,"
f
or
e
a
c
h
r
e
gi
s
te
r
e
d
us
e
r
.
T
hi
s
D
ig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
di
gi
ta
l
id
e
nt
if
ie
r
f
or
th
e
ir
ve
hi
c
le
s
.
T
he
us
e
of
Q
R
c
ode
s
a
s
id
e
nt
if
ie
r
s
pr
ovi
de
s
a
c
onve
ni
e
nt
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
w
a
y
f
or
us
e
r
s
t
o a
c
c
e
s
s
pa
r
ki
ng f
a
c
il
it
ie
s
.
T
he
ot
he
r
s
s
ys
t
e
m
doe
s
not
ge
ne
r
a
te
uni
que
Q
R
c
ode
s
.
I
ns
te
a
d,
it
us
e
s
a
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
me
th
od
of
ve
hi
c
le
id
e
nt
i
f
ic
a
ti
on,
s
uc
h a
s
R
F
I
D
t
a
gs
or
l
ic
e
ns
e
pl
a
te
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on
[
27]
.
T
he
M
M
U
s
ys
t
e
m
in
te
gr
a
te
s
c
a
me
r
a
te
c
hnol
ogy
a
t
th
e
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
ga
te
s
to
a
ut
oma
te
th
e
e
nt
r
y
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
s
ys
te
m
ve
r
if
ie
s
th
e
ve
hi
c
le
’
s
numbe
r
pl
a
te
or
th
e
D
ig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
'
s
Q
R
c
ode
,
gr
a
nt
in
g
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
e
n
s
ur
in
g
a
s
moot
h
f
lo
w
of
tr
a
f
f
ic
.
T
hi
s
f
e
a
tu
r
e
e
nha
nc
e
s
c
on
ve
ni
e
nc
e
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
s
w
a
it
in
g
ti
me
s
f
or
us
e
r
s
e
nt
e
r
in
g t
he
pa
r
ki
ng a
r
e
a
s
.
T
he
ot
he
r
s
s
ys
te
m
in
te
gr
a
te
s
c
a
me
r
a
te
c
hnol
ogy
a
t
th
e
ga
te
s
to
a
ut
oma
te
th
e
e
nt
r
y
p
r
oc
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ve
r
if
ie
s
th
e
ve
hi
c
le
’
s
numbe
r
pl
a
te
gr
a
nt
in
g
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
e
n
s
ur
in
g
th
e
pa
yme
nt
f
or
pa
r
ki
ng.
3.
S
YST
E
M
DE
S
I
GN
T
he
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
pr
og
r
a
m
take
s
a
methodica
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
a
nd
s
e
t
up
a
r
e
s
olut
ion.
T
he
r
e
quir
e
ments
a
r
e
c
onve
r
ted
int
o
tec
hnica
l
e
leme
nts
,
s
uc
h
a
s
the
s
y
s
tem
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
,
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
a
nd
modul
e
s
,
a
f
ter
the
goa
l
a
nd
s
pe
c
if
ica
ti
ons
of
the
pr
og
r
a
m
ha
ve
be
e
n
e
s
tablis
he
d.
3.
1
.
M
e
t
h
od
ology
f
or
t
h
e
p
r
oj
e
c
t
A
s
ys
tem
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
ppr
oa
c
h
is
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
to
t
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
s
of
twa
r
e
e
nginee
r
ing
.
I
t
is
us
e
d
to
plan,
c
oor
dinate
,
a
nd
mana
ge
the
c
r
e
a
ti
on
of
a
n
inf
or
mation
s
ys
tem.
Nu
mer
ous
s
of
twa
r
e
de
ve
lop
ment
li
f
e
c
yc
les
,
including
Agile,
S
pir
a
l
,
S
c
r
u
m,
VM
ode
l,
C
ha
os
,
W
a
ter
f
a
ll
,
a
nd
the
P
r
o
tot
ype
model,
a
r
e
us
e
d
in
the
s
of
twa
r
e
e
nginee
r
ing
s
e
c
tor
[
28]
.
E
a
c
h
methodolo
gy
ha
s
pa
r
ti
c
ular
be
ne
f
it
s
a
nd
dr
a
wba
c
ks
.
I
n
o
r
de
r
to
e
ns
ur
e
a
li
gnment
with
us
e
r
r
e
quir
e
ments
,
the
s
ys
tem
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
methodology
of
f
e
r
s
a
planne
d
a
nd
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
s
of
twa
r
e
de
ve
lopm
e
nt.
T
he
W
a
ter
f
a
ll
model
s
e
que
nti
a
ll
y
de
ve
lops
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
thr
ough
r
e
qui
r
e
ments
a
na
lys
is
,
s
ys
tem
de
s
ign,
im
pleme
ntation,
tes
ti
ng,
de
ploym
e
nt,
a
nd
mainten
a
nc
e
[
29]
.
E
a
c
h
pha
s
e
mus
t
be
f
ini
s
he
d
be
f
or
e
the
ne
xt,
a
nd
c
r
it
e
r
ia
mod
if
ica
ti
ons
a
r
e
di
f
f
icult
a
f
ter
the
ini
ti
a
l
pha
s
e
s
.
T
he
W
a
ter
f
a
ll
model
or
ga
nize
s
de
ve
l
opment,
e
na
bli
ng
e
xtens
ive
doc
umenta
ti
on
a
nd
pr
ojec
t
mi
les
tones
.
T
his
method
wor
ks
be
s
t
f
or
pr
ojec
ts
wi
th
c
lea
r
ne
e
ds
a
nd
a
s
tea
dy
s
c
op
e
.
How
e
ve
r
,
it
may
be
les
s
f
lexible
to
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
c
ha
nge
s
or
unc
e
r
tainty.
T
he
W
a
ter
f
a
ll
model
is
e
mpl
oye
d
in
s
of
twa
r
e
de
ve
lo
pment,
e
nginee
r
ing
,
a
nd
pr
ojec
t
mana
ge
ment
de
s
pit
e
it
s
dr
a
wba
c
ks
.
S
im
ple
a
nd
s
ys
tema
ti
c
,
it
's
idea
l
f
or
u
nde
r
takings
that
r
e
quir
e
pr
e
dicta
bil
it
y
a
nd
doc
um
e
ntat
ion.
I
n
today's
f
a
s
t
-
c
ha
nging
tec
hnology
lands
c
a
pe
,
Agile
a
nd
other
methods
li
ke
it
a
r
e
popular
f
or
thei
r
f
l
e
xibi
li
ty
a
nd
a
da
ptabili
ty.
W
e
c
hos
e
the
W
a
ter
f
a
ll
model
f
or
a
va
r
iety
of
r
e
a
s
ons
.
I
t
is
a
s
uit
a
ble
opti
on
f
or
a
modes
t
pr
o
jec
t,
s
uc
h
a
s
a
s
e
nior
p
r
ojec
t,
whe
r
e
the
s
pe
c
s
a
r
e
s
im
ple
a
nd
we
ll
-
de
f
ined.
T
he
W
a
ter
f
a
ll
model's
a
dva
nta
ge
is
it
s
s
tr
a
ight
f
or
wa
r
d,
li
ne
a
r
s
e
que
nti
a
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h
[
30]
.
T
h
is
s
e
que
nti
a
l
li
f
e
c
yc
le
p
r
e
ve
nts
pha
s
e
ove
r
lap
or
c
onve
r
ge
nc
e
by
only
s
tar
ti
ng
e
a
c
h
pha
s
e
a
f
te
r
the
on
e
be
f
or
e
it
ha
s
be
e
n
c
ompl
e
ted.
3.
2
.
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
d
iagram
s
T
his
s
e
que
nc
e
diagr
a
m
vis
ua
ll
y
de
picts
the
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
a
mong
the
us
e
r
,
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem,
a
nd
pa
yment
ga
tew
a
y
in
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
f
or
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
olut
ions
.
E
ve
r
y
s
tep
s
ymbol
is
e
s
a
di
s
ti
nc
t
a
c
ti
on
or
e
xc
ha
nge
o
f
inf
o
r
mation
a
mong
the
pa
r
t
ies
invol
ve
d.
T
he
s
ys
tem's
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
f
unc
ti
on
s
a
r
e
the
us
e
r
will
ge
t
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
a
f
ter
a
ppr
ova
l
by
a
dmi
n,
a
nd
then
the
u
s
e
r
will
ge
t
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
the
ga
te.
Us
e
r
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
with
the
s
ys
tem
to
view
or
e
dit
pr
of
il
e
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
.
At
f
i
r
s
t,
e
ve
r
y
s
ingl
e
u
s
e
r
ne
e
ds
to
r
e
gis
ter
f
o
r
a
logi
n.
I
n
the
logi
n
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
the
s
ys
tem
c
he
c
ks
the
de
tails
with
the
da
taba
s
e
whe
n
the
us
e
r
ke
ys
in
logi
n
de
tails
.
Af
ter
ve
r
if
ying
the
logi
n
de
tails
f
r
om
the
da
taba
s
e
,
the
s
ys
tem
pr
ovides
a
ve
r
if
ica
ti
on
mes
s
a
ge
to
the
u
s
e
r
.
I
f
the
u
s
e
r
's
a
uthentica
ti
on
is
c
onf
ir
med,
the
u
s
e
r
c
a
n
e
dit
his
/her
p
r
of
il
e
f
r
om
the
homepa
ge
.
Onc
e
the
u
s
e
r
e
dit
s
his
/her
pr
of
il
e
,
the
pr
of
i
le
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
wi
ll
dis
play
the
upda
ted
da
ta.
Us
e
r
s
c
a
n
view
thei
r
pr
o
f
il
e
s
f
r
om
the
p
r
of
il
e
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
will
r
e
t
r
iev
e
us
e
r
da
ta
f
r
om
the
da
taba
s
e
a
nd
s
how
it
to
the
u
s
e
r
.
Us
e
r
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
with
the
s
ys
tem
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
2
.
T
he
u
s
e
r
logs
int
o
the
s
ys
tem
us
ing
his
/her
id
a
nd
pa
s
s
wor
d.
T
he
Us
e
r
ge
ts
int
o
the
f
o
r
m,
whic
h
they
will
f
il
l
up
with
his
/her
c
a
r
inf
o
r
mation
a
nd
ha
ve
t
o
f
i
ll
up
the
pe
r
s
ona
l
in
f
or
mation
f
o
r
m.
T
he
f
il
e
is
s
tor
e
d
i
n
the
da
taba
s
e
.
T
he
u
s
e
r
c
a
n
e
dit
his
/her
c
a
r
inf
or
mation
a
nd
a
ls
o
pe
r
s
ona
l
inf
or
mation.
All
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
thi
ngs
a
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
ming
c
ampus
mobili
ty:
the
DigiSt
ick
e
r
s
y
s
tem
in
digi
tal
par
k
ing
s
olut
ions
(
R
ahman
M
d
M
ojn
ur
)
3671
ins
e
r
ted
int
o
the
f
or
m
,
a
nd
the
s
ubmi
t
butt
on
is
pr
e
s
s
e
d/click
e
d.
T
his
f
il
e
is
a
s
s
igned
to
a
dmi
n
.
Af
te
r
s
tor
ing
the
f
il
e
,
a
c
onf
i
r
mation
mes
s
a
ge
is
s
hown
to
the
a
dmi
n.
Admin
goe
s
on
c
he
c
k
the
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on;
a
f
t
e
r
that,
if
a
dmi
n
a
ppr
ove
s
the
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on,
then
u
s
e
r
c
a
n
do
wnloa
d
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
,
whic
h
the
s
ti
c
ke
r
us
e
r
wi
ll
us
e
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
the
ga
te.
A
d
m
i
n
i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
on
wi
th
th
e
s
ys
te
m
to
ve
r
i
f
y
in
g
us
e
r
da
ta
a
nd
a
p
p
r
o
va
l
is
p
r
e
s
e
nt
e
d
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
I
f
the
a
uthentica
ti
on
of
the
a
dmi
n
is
ve
r
i
f
ied,
the
a
dmi
n
c
a
n
move
to
the
u
s
e
r
mana
ge
ment
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
Admin
c
a
n
r
e
move
us
e
r
s
,
e
dit
us
e
r
s
a
nd
view
a
ll
u
s
e
r
s
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
a
dmi
n
will
do
a
ppr
ove
d
the
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
by
ve
r
if
ying
the
us
e
r
de
tails
f
r
o
m
the
ve
r
if
ying
u
s
e
r
da
ta
a
nd
a
ppr
ova
l
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
T
ha
t
upda
te
da
ta
will
be
s
tor
e
d
in
the
da
taba
s
e
,
a
nd
a
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
upda
te
mes
s
a
ge
will
be
dis
playe
d.
F
igur
e
1
.
Us
e
r
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
with
the
s
ys
tem
to
view
or
e
dit
p
r
of
il
e
F
igur
e
2
.
Us
e
r
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
with
the
s
ys
tem
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
20
25
:
36
67
-
3680
3672
F
igur
e
3.
Admin
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
with
the
s
ys
tem
to
ve
r
if
ying
us
e
r
da
ta
a
nd
a
ppr
ova
l
3.
3
.
Ar
c
h
it
e
c
t
u
r
e
d
iagram
T
he
us
e
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
a
dmi
n
a
nd
us
e
r
will
int
e
r
a
c
t
w
it
h
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
via
their
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
.
A
us
e
r
may
s
e
lec
t
a
n
opti
on
f
r
om
the
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
that
will
c
a
ll
a
given
f
unc
ti
on
in
the
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
.
I
f
a
ny
da
ta
is
ne
e
de
d
to
be
s
tor
e
d
o
r
r
e
tr
ieve
d,
the
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
will
int
e
r
a
c
t
with
the
da
taba
s
e
(
M
yS
QL
)
.
F
inally
,
the
s
ys
tem
will
r
e
tur
n
in
f
or
mation
on
the
s
e
lec
ted
opti
on
via
the
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
whe
r
e
the
us
e
r
s
c
a
n
int
e
r
a
c
t
to
view
the
in
f
or
mation
.
Ar
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
d
iagr
a
m
f
or
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
4.
3.
4.
S
ys
t
e
m
ac
t
ivi
t
y
d
iagram
T
he
a
c
ti
vit
y
UM
L
diagr
a
m
of
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
whic
h
s
hows
the
f
lows
be
twe
e
n
the
a
c
ti
vit
y
of
c
a
r
number
,
c
a
r
,
a
nd
u
s
e
r
.
T
he
main
a
c
ti
vit
y
invol
ve
d
in
thi
s
UM
L
a
c
ti
vit
y
diagr
a
m
o
f
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem
a
r
e
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
i)
c
a
r
numbe
r
a
c
ti
vit
y;
ii
)
c
a
r
a
c
ti
vit
y;
a
nd
ii
i
)
u
s
e
r
a
c
ti
vit
y
.
F
e
a
tur
e
s
of
the
a
c
ti
vit
y
UM
L
d
iagr
a
m
of
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
k
ing
s
ys
tem
a
r
e
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
i
)
a
dmi
n
us
e
r
c
a
n
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
a
r
number
,
view
de
s
c
r
ipt
ion
o
f
a
s
e
lec
ted
c
a
r
num
be
r
,
a
dd
c
a
r
numbe
r
,
upda
te
c
a
r
number
a
nd
de
lete
c
a
r
number
;
i
i)
i
ts
s
hows
the
a
c
ti
vit
y
f
low
of
e
dit
ing
,
a
dding
a
nd
upda
ti
ng
of
c
a
r
;
i
ii
)
u
s
e
r
will
be
a
ble
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
f
or
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
ga
te;
iv)
a
ll
objec
ts
s
uc
h
a
s
(
c
a
r
number
,
c
a
r
c
olour
,
c
a
r
model
)
a
r
e
int
e
r
li
n
ke
d;
a
nd
v)
i
t
s
hows
the
f
ull
de
s
c
r
ipt
ion
a
nd
f
low
of
c
a
r
nu
mber
,
c
a
r
owne
r
,
c
a
r
.
F
igur
e
5
is
the
log
in
a
c
ti
vit
y
diagr
a
m
o
f
M
M
U
d
igi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem,
whic
h
s
hows
the
f
lows
o
f
logi
n
a
c
ti
vit
y,
whe
r
e
us
e
r
will
be
a
ble
to
log
in
us
ing
their
us
e
r
na
me
a
nd
pa
s
s
wor
d.
Af
ter
logi
n
us
e
r
c
a
n
mana
ge
a
ll
the
ope
r
a
ti
ons
on
u
s
e
r
,
c
a
r
number
,
c
a
r
de
tails
,
a
nd
pe
r
s
ona
l
de
tails
.
All
the
pa
ge
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
a
r
de
tails
,
ge
ne
r
a
te
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
,
ge
t
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
the
ga
t
e
a
r
e
s
e
c
ur
e
a
nd
us
e
r
c
a
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
thi
s
pa
ge
a
f
ter
lo
gin.
T
he
diagr
a
m
be
low
he
lps
de
mons
tr
a
te
how
the
logi
n
p
a
ge
wor
ks
in
a
M
M
U
digi
tal
pa
r
king
s
ys
tem.
Us
e
r
will
not
be
a
ble
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
thi
s
pa
ge
without
ve
r
i
f
ying
thei
r
i
de
nti
ty.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
ming
c
ampus
mobili
ty:
the
DigiSt
ick
e
r
s
y
s
tem
in
digi
tal
par
k
ing
s
olut
ions
(
R
ahman
M
d
M
ojn
ur
)
3673
F
igur
e
4
.
Ar
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
d
iagr
a
m
f
or
Dig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
t
e
m
F
igur
e
5
.
L
ogin
a
c
ti
vit
y
diagr
a
m
o
f
M
M
U
digi
tal
p
a
r
king
s
ys
tem
3.
5.
P
r
o
t
ot
yp
e
(
u
s
e
r
in
t
e
r
f
ac
e
d
e
s
ign
)
T
he
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
in
dig
it
a
l
pa
r
king
s
ol
uti
ons
of
f
e
r
s
a
us
e
r
-
c
e
ntr
ic
in
ter
f
a
c
e
a
im
e
d
a
t
r
e
volut
ioni
z
ing
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment
on
univer
s
it
y
c
a
mpus
e
s
.
T
hr
ough
a
c
lea
n
a
nd
int
uit
ive
de
s
ign,
u
s
e
r
s
c
a
n
e
a
s
il
y
na
vigate
the
s
ys
tem
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
f
e
a
tur
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y,
r
e
g
is
tr
a
ti
on,
pa
yments
,
a
nd
a
c
c
ount
s
e
tt
ings
.
W
it
h
a
we
lcom
ing
homepa
ge
pr
ov
idi
ng
a
n
ove
r
view
of
the
Di
giS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
a
nd
c
lea
r
na
vigation
opti
ons
,
us
e
r
s
c
a
n
s
wi
f
tl
y
f
ind
pa
r
king
inf
o
r
mation
a
nd
c
ompl
e
te
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
tas
ks
.
F
igur
e
6
de
picts
mobi
le
a
pp
outl
ook
,
whe
r
e
F
igur
e
6
(
a
)
s
hows
homepa
ge
f
or
log
in,
F
igur
e
6
(
b)
s
hows
s
ign
up
pa
ge
f
or
log
in,
a
nd
F
igu
r
e
6
(
c
)
s
hows
mobi
le
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem
homepa
ge
of
us
e
r
.
P
a
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ve
map
of
c
a
mpus
lot
s
.
R
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
indi
c
a
tor
s
(
gr
e
e
n
f
o
r
a
va
il
a
ble,
r
e
d
f
or
f
ull
)
.
Options
to
f
il
ter
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
by
loca
ti
on,
pa
r
king
ty
pe
(
s
tudent,
f
a
c
ult
y
)
,
a
nd
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y.
A
s
e
a
r
c
h
ba
r
make
s
pa
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
f
a
s
ter
,
im
pr
oving
us
a
bil
it
y.
Additi
ona
ll
y
,
s
im
ple
li
nks
to
f
r
e
que
nt
ly
us
e
d
f
e
a
tur
e
s
s
tr
e
a
ml
ine
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
c
r
uc
ial
f
e
a
tur
e
s
.
T
he
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
r
e
li
e
s
on
ga
te
r
e
c
ognit
ion
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
s
tr
e
a
ml
ine
univer
s
it
y
c
a
mpus
pa
r
king
f
a
c
il
it
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
de
pa
r
tur
e
.
Us
e
r
s
c
a
n
e
a
s
il
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
d
e
s
ignate
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
20
25
:
36
67
-
3680
3674
pa
r
king
lot
s
by
s
c
a
nning
their
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
a
t
e
nt
r
y
a
nd
de
pa
r
tur
e
po
int
s
us
ing
ga
te
r
e
c
ognit
ion
tec
hnology.
T
his
tec
hnique
e
li
mi
na
tes
phys
ica
l
pe
r
mi
ts
a
nd
manua
l
ve
r
if
ica
ti
on
,
s
im
pli
f
ying
pa
r
king
a
nd
im
pr
oving
s
e
c
ur
it
y.
T
o
c
r
e
a
te
a
Dig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
,
us
e
r
s
mus
t
include
a
utom
obil
e
inf
or
mation
,
upload
a
c
a
r
phot
o,
a
nd
a
dr
ivi
ng
li
c
e
ns
e
s
hows
in
F
igur
e
7
.
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
noti
f
ica
ti
ons
a
r
e
c
r
uc
ial
f
or
us
e
r
a
wa
r
e
ne
s
s
of
c
r
it
ica
l
e
ve
nts
,
c
ha
nge
s
,
a
nd
upda
tes
.
P
a
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y,
pe
r
mi
t
e
xpir
a
ti
ons
,
r
e
pa
ir
s
c
he
dules
,
a
nd
other
r
e
leva
nt
inf
or
mation
may
be
noti
f
ied.
Us
e
r
s
c
a
n
ke
e
p
inf
o
r
med
a
nd
or
ga
nize
their
pa
r
king
a
r
r
a
nge
ments
wi
th
thes
e
mes
s
a
ge
s
via
e
mail,
S
M
S
,
or
pus
h
noti
f
ica
ti
ons
o
n
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem's
mobi
le
a
pp.
T
he
noti
f
ic
a
ti
on
tab
in
mobi
le
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
is
de
pi
c
ted
in
F
igur
e
8
,
whe
r
e
F
igur
e
8
(
a
)
s
hows
noti
f
ica
ti
on
f
or
a
dmi
n
a
nd
F
ig
ur
e
8(
b)
s
hows
noti
f
ica
ti
on
f
or
us
e
r
.
T
oge
ther
,
ga
te
r
e
c
ognit
ion
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
,
a
long
with
noti
f
ica
ti
ons
,
c
ontr
i
bute
to
a
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
a
nd
e
f
f
icie
nt
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tem,
ult
im
a
tely
e
nha
nc
ing
c
a
mpus
mobi
l
it
y
a
nd
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
.
Ove
r
a
ll
,
the
pr
otot
ype
e
mphas
ize
s
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendlines
s
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
ibi
li
ty
to
tr
a
ns
f
o
r
m
the
c
a
mpus
pa
r
king
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
.
T
he
mobi
le
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
home
pa
ge
in
ter
f
a
c
e
f
or
lo
gin
a
s
a
us
e
r
who
ha
s
a
lr
e
a
dy
r
e
gis
ter
e
d.
T
he
u
s
e
r
will
log
in
with
his
/her
us
e
r
I
D
a
nd
p
a
s
s
wor
d.
T
he
mobi
le
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
s
ign
up
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
f
or
logi
n
a
s
a
ne
w
us
e
r
who
ha
s
not
r
e
gis
ter
e
d
ye
t.
T
he
us
e
r
will
m
a
ke
a
log
in
p
r
of
il
e
by
f
i
ll
ing
up
thi
s
f
or
m
.
As
th
e
s
ys
tem
be
gins
,
it
will
of
f
e
r
thes
e
opti
ons
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
a
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
.
T
he
us
e
r
wil
l
a
ls
o
downloa
d
the
Di
giS
ti
c
ke
r
.
F
r
om
he
r
e
on,
the
us
e
r
c
a
n
view
their
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
.
(
a
)
(
b)
(
c
)
F
igur
e
6
.
M
obil
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
out
look:
(
a
)
homepa
g
e
f
or
log
in
,
(
b)
s
ign
up
pa
ge
f
or
log
in
,
a
nd
(
c
)
mo
bil
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem
homepa
ge
of
us
e
r
F
igur
e
7
.
C
a
r
de
tails
a
dd
f
or
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
T
r
ans
for
ming
c
ampus
mobili
ty:
the
DigiSt
ick
e
r
s
y
s
tem
in
digi
tal
par
k
ing
s
olut
ions
(
R
ahman
M
d
M
ojn
ur
)
3675
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
8
.
Notif
ica
ti
on
tab
in
mobi
le
a
pp
li
c
a
ti
on:
(
a
)
a
dmi
n
a
nd
(
b)
us
e
r
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
g
e
ne
r
a
ti
on
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
the
p
r
oc
e
s
s
withi
n
the
DigiS
t
icke
r
s
ys
tem
whe
r
e
us
e
r
s
c
a
n
c
r
e
a
te
a
nd
obtain
thei
r
digi
tal
pa
r
king
pe
r
m
it
s
,
known
a
s
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
.
T
h
is
f
e
a
tur
e
s
tr
e
a
ml
ines
the
t
r
a
dit
ional
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
obtaining
phys
ica
l
pa
r
king
pe
r
mi
ts
b
y
digi
ti
z
ing
the
e
nti
r
e
p
r
oc
e
s
s
.
Us
e
r
s
typi
c
a
ll
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
de
dica
ted
s
e
c
ti
on
withi
n
the
s
y
s
tem
whe
r
e
they
input
their
ve
hicle
a
nd
pe
r
s
ona
l
inf
or
mation,
s
e
l
e
c
t
their
pr
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
pa
r
king
opti
ons
(
s
uc
h
a
s
dur
a
ti
on
a
nd
loca
ti
on)
,
a
nd
c
ompl
e
te
a
ny
r
e
qui
r
e
d
pa
yment
s
.
Upon
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
c
ompl
e
ti
on,
us
e
r
s
a
r
e
pr
ovided
with
a
digi
tal
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
,
o
f
ten
in
the
f
or
m
o
f
a
QR
c
ode
or
digi
tal
ba
dge
,
whic
h
c
a
n
be
e
a
s
il
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
a
nd
dis
playe
d
on
their
s
mar
tphones
o
r
o
ther
digi
tal
de
vice
s
.
Di
giS
ti
c
ke
r
g
e
ne
r
a
ti
on
e
nha
nc
e
s
c
onve
nienc
e
f
or
us
e
r
s
,
e
l
im
inate
s
the
ne
e
d
f
or
phys
ica
l
pe
r
mi
ts
,
a
nd
c
ont
r
ibu
tes
to
a
mor
e
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
nd
s
us
taina
ble
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty
s
olut
ion.
F
igur
e
9
is
s
hown
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
,
whe
r
e
f
r
om
we
bs
it
e
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
9
(
a
)
a
nd
mobi
le
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
9(
b
)
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
9
.
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
:
(
a
)
we
bs
it
e
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
(
b
)
mob
il
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
20
25
:
36
67
-
3680
3676
4.
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
he
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem's
im
pa
c
t
on
pa
r
king
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
s
ugge
s
ts
it
c
a
n
c
ha
nge
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty.
T
he
s
ubs
tantial
r
is
e
in
pa
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
us
e
pr
ove
s
it
s
s
uc
c
e
s
s
.
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
pr
ovides
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
inf
or
mation
a
nd
r
e
c
om
menda
ti
ons
to
s
pe
e
d
up
pa
r
king
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
c
oll
e
g
e
pa
r
king
lot
c
onge
s
ti
on.
I
ts
s
im
pli
f
ied
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
a
nd
Digi
S
ti
c
ke
r
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
mak
e
us
e
e
a
s
ier
.
Us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
a
nd
a
utom
a
ted
pa
yment
mec
ha
nis
ms
make
pa
r
king
pe
r
m
it
pu
r
c
ha
s
ing
a
nd
mana
ge
ment
e
a
s
ier
,
e
nha
nc
i
ng
c
ons
umer
ha
ppines
s
.
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
ga
te
identif
ica
ti
on
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
n
s
ur
e
only
a
uthor
is
e
d
ve
hicle
s
c
a
n
e
nter
pa
r
king
a
r
e
a
s
,
boos
ti
ng
c
a
mpus
s
e
c
ur
it
y.
T
his
mi
nim
is
e
s
s
e
c
ur
it
y
ha
z
a
r
ds
a
nd
una
uthor
is
e
d
pa
r
king,
making
c
a
mpus
li
f
e
s
a
f
e
r
f
o
r
s
tudents
,
f
a
c
ult
y,
a
nd
s
taf
f
.
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
he
lps
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
by
opti
mi
s
ing
s
pa
c
e
us
e
a
nd
r
e
duc
ing
pa
r
king
c
ir
c
le
c
a
r
e
mi
s
s
ions
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
pr
omot
e
s
e
nvir
on
menta
ll
y
f
r
iendly
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty
a
c
ti
vit
ies
by
e
nc
our
a
ging
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
tr
a
ns
por
tation
a
nd
pa
r
king
opti
mi
s
a
ti
on.
C
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty
is
im
pr
ove
d
by
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem's
pa
r
king
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
,
e
a
s
e
,
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
a
nd
s
us
taina
bil
it
y.
I
ts
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
de
ploym
e
nt
c
ould
r
e
v
olut
ioni
s
e
univer
s
it
y
pa
r
king
a
dmi
nis
tr
a
ti
on
a
nd
e
nc
our
a
ge
digi
tal
pa
r
king
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
s
.
S
ur
ve
ys
,
i
nte
r
view
s
,
a
nd
f
e
e
dba
c
k
f
r
om
s
tudents
,
pr
of
e
s
s
or
s
,
a
nd
s
taf
f
identif
y
s
ys
tem
s
tr
e
ngths
a
nd
we
a
kne
s
s
e
s
.
I
nit
ial
da
ta
s
ugge
s
ts
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
c
us
tom
e
r
s
li
ke
it
s
s
im
pli
c
it
y,
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
a
nd
e
a
s
y
-
to
-
u
s
e
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
R
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
r
king
in
f
or
mation
,
quick
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on,
a
nd
DigiS
t
icke
r
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
a
r
e
popular
.
S
im
ple
a
c
c
ount
s
e
tt
ings
a
nd
a
utom
a
ted
pa
yment
opti
ons
i
mpr
ove
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
.
Us
e
r
s
pr
a
is
e
the
s
ys
tem's
pa
r
king
c
onge
s
ti
on
r
e
duc
ti
on
a
nd
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty
e
nha
nc
e
ments
.
B
y
s
im
pli
f
ying
pa
r
king
a
nd
s
a
ving
ti
me,
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
ha
s
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
ons
umer
s
'
c
om
mut
e
s
a
nd
e
ve
r
yda
y
r
outi
ne
s
.
F
e
e
dba
c
k
s
ugg
e
s
ts
e
nha
nc
e
d
s
ys
tem
upda
te
c
omm
unica
ti
on,
platf
o
r
m
na
vigati
on,
a
nd
incr
e
a
s
e
d
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
to
f
ul
f
il
us
e
r
ne
e
ds
.
T
he
s
e
idea
s
a
r
e
c
r
uc
ial
f
or
Dig
iS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
a
d
opti
on
a
nd
us
e
r
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
on.
Us
e
r
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
on
a
nd
f
e
e
dba
c
k
s
how
that
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
mee
ts
us
e
r
ne
e
ds
a
nd
im
pr
ove
s
c
a
mpus
mobi
li
ty.
B
y
including
us
e
r
f
e
e
dba
c
k
in
s
ys
tem
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
nd
r
e
f
ineme
nt,
s
take
holder
s
c
a
n
gua
r
a
ntee
that
the
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
y
s
tem
c
onti
nue
s
to
mee
t
us
e
r
ne
e
ds
a
nd
pr
ovide
a
s
upe
r
io
r
pa
r
k
in
g
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
f
o
r
c
a
mpus
us
e
r
s
.
S
u
r
ve
y
r
e
s
ult
o
f
ove
r
a
ll
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
ur
ve
y
r
e
s
ult
o
f
us
e
r
in
ter
f
a
c
e
(
UI
)
a
r
e
por
t
r
a
ye
d
in
F
igur
e
s
10
a
nd
11,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
F
igur
e
10.
S
ur
ve
y
r
e
s
ult
o
f
ove
r
a
ll
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
F
igur
e
11
.
S
ur
ve
y
r
e
s
ult
o
f
UI
T
he
Digi
S
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
tem
ha
s
im
p
r
ove
d
pa
r
k
ing
op
e
r
a
ti
ons
by
s
tr
e
a
ml
ini
ng
a
dmi
nis
tr
a
ti
ve
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
,
e
nf
or
c
e
ment,
a
nd
r
e
s
our
c
e
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on.
One
be
ne
f
it
is
r
e
duc
e
d
a
dmi
nis
tr
a
ti
ve
wor
k
load
f
or
pa
r
kin
g
pe
r
mi
t
is
s
ua
nc
e
a
nd
mana
ge
ment.
T
he
DigiS
ti
c
ke
r
s
ys
t
e
m's
a
utom
a
ted
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
a
nd
pe
r
mi
t
pr
oduc
ti
on
boos
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.