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I
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Vo
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15
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6
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Decem
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20
25
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2
9
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3
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5298
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ly
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m
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s
m
ay
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tio
n
s
an
d
in
te
r
n
al
s
y
s
tem
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
im
p
lan
ted
ar
tific
ial
p
an
c
r
ea
s
(
AP)
d
ev
ices
th
at
en
ab
le
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
b
o
d
y
to
g
et
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
o
s
e
o
f
in
s
u
lin
b
ased
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
s
co
u
ld
p
a
v
e
th
e
p
ath
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
.
C
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ty
p
e
-
I
d
iab
ete
s
m
ellitu
s
(
T
I
DM
)
p
atien
t m
o
d
el
with
AP in
a
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
r
ee
p
ar
ts
co
n
s
titu
tes
th
e
AP
ar
e
a
MI
D,
a
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
a
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
g
lu
co
s
e
s
en
s
in
g
d
ev
ice
m
o
n
ito
r
s
th
e
lev
el
o
f
b
lo
o
d
s
u
g
ar
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
r
an
s
f
er
s
d
etailed
in
p
u
t
to
th
at
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
.
T
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
u
n
it
d
eliv
er
s
a
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
ig
n
al
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
d
ev
ice.
Sig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
im
p
ar
ts
a
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
MI
D
f
o
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
u
itab
le
d
o
s
ag
e
o
f
i
n
s
u
lin
.
T
o
b
u
ild
an
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
AP,
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
o
b
s
tacle
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
n
o
n
-
lin
e
ar
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
tim
e
-
b
ased
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
,
an
d
an
i
n
ab
ilit
y
to
s
en
s
e
g
lu
c
o
s
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stan
d
a
r
d
r
ea
lis
tic
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
a
n
AP w
ith
T
I
DM
p
atien
t
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
c
h
allen
g
es
in
cl
u
d
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
f
o
o
d
i
n
tak
e,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
elay
s
in
g
lu
co
s
e
esti
m
atio
n
,
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
in
s
u
lin
u
p
tak
e
af
ter
in
f
u
s
io
n
,
in
s
u
lin
ac
tio
n
g
en
er
ated
i
n
ter
n
ally
,
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el,
r
is
k
o
f
e
x
tr
em
e
B
G
v
ar
iatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
its
asy
m
m
etr
y
,
an
d
tim
e
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
[
1
]
–
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
h
as
s
ee
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t,
b
u
t
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
till
h
as
to
b
e
m
u
ch
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
T
h
e
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
was
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
s
ev
er
al
wr
iter
s
as
a
wo
r
k
ab
le
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
ev
alu
at
in
g
g
l
u
co
s
e
e
x
cu
r
s
io
n
s
a
f
ter
AP
in
s
u
lin
d
o
s
ag
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
[
6
]
–
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
o
o
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
was
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
o
n
-
v
ar
ia
b
le
g
ain
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
s
u
lin
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
in
ter
v
al
b
etwe
en
g
lu
c
o
s
e
d
et
ec
tio
n
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
b
est
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
a
d
d
r
ess
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
g
lu
co
s
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ar
e
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GA)
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
4
]
,
f
u
zz
y
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
8
]
,
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
(
SM)
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
2
]
,
lin
ea
r
q
u
ad
r
atic
g
au
s
s
ian
(
L
QG)
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
,
H∞
[
2
6
]
–
[
2
8
]
an
d
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
(
MP)
co
n
tr
o
l
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
W
h
en
p
atien
ts
wi
th
n
o
r
m
al
b
lo
o
d
s
u
g
ar
wer
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
with
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
t
h
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
was
s
o
m
ewh
at
en
h
an
ce
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
PI
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
etter
,
b
u
t
t
h
ey
a
r
e
n
o
t
i
m
p
er
v
io
u
s
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
an
d
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
in
th
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
ass
u
r
an
ce
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
t
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wid
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
(
b
an
d
wid
th
)
.
T
h
e
y
d
o
not
h
av
e
as
q
u
ick
co
n
tr
o
l
d
y
n
am
ics.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
ey
lack
co
m
p
lete
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
s
lo
w
r
ea
ctio
n
f
o
llo
win
g
a
m
ea
l
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
an
d
to
en
h
an
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
an
a
ly
s
is
o
f
f
er
s
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
m
eth
o
d
b
asin
g
o
n
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ad
ap
tiv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
d
a
p
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tilt
a
cc
elera
tio
n
d
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tive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l b
a
s
ed
a
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tifi
cia
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…
(
S
mitta
R
a
n
ja
n
Du
tta
)
5299
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
AO
-
T
ADF)
.
W
ith
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
AO
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
AO
-
T
ADF
ar
e
ad
ju
s
ted
f
o
r
b
etter
co
n
t
r
o
l
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
Fo
llo
win
g
ar
e
s
o
m
e
ju
s
tific
atio
n
s
f
o
r
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t A
O
tech
n
i
q
u
e:
˗
AOA
ex
h
ib
its
a
q
u
ick
er
r
ate
o
f
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
.
˗
AOA
m
ain
tain
s
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t o
u
tco
m
es.
˗
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast to
o
th
er
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
i
n
s
tallatio
n
o
f
A
OA
is
s
im
p
ler
an
d
q
u
ick
er
˗
AOA
in
cr
ea
s
es th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
g
lo
b
al
an
d
lo
ca
l sear
ch
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
˗
AOA
wo
r
k
s
with
g
r
ea
ter
ac
cu
r
ac
y
f
o
r
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
in
d
ex
es lik
e
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
,
th
e
AOA
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
an
a
ly
ze
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
er
(
AO
-
T
ADF)
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
e
g
u
late
b
lo
o
d
s
u
g
ar
in
in
d
iv
id
u
als
s
u
f
f
er
in
g
f
r
o
m
ty
p
e
I
d
iab
etes.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
e
m
p
lo
y
s
an
i
n
v
en
tiv
e
id
ea
b
y
a
d
d
in
g
a
f
ilter
to
t
h
e
T
I
D
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
f
ilter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ta
tes,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
n
r
ap
id
ly
d
r
aw
n
to
war
d
s
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
eq
u
ilib
r
i
u
m
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
it
attain
s
en
h
an
ce
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
h
eig
h
ten
e
d
r
esil
ien
ce
,
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
n
o
is
e
-
ca
n
ce
lla
tio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
an
d
b
etter
h
an
d
lin
g
o
f
u
n
ce
r
ta
in
ty
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
th
e
f
ilter
in
g
s
t
r
ateg
y
is
u
s
ed
to
c
r
ea
te
a
s
tab
i
lizin
g
co
n
tr
o
l
law.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
o
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
AO
-
T
ADF)
.
T
o
m
ain
tain
p
ati
en
t
n
o
r
m
o
-
g
ly
ce
m
ia,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
d
ju
s
ts
to
all
p
o
ten
tial
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
an
d
p
atien
t
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
o
t
h
er
m
o
d
er
n
,
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
B
G
lev
el
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
T
I
DM
p
atien
ts
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
g
u
ar
an
tees
a
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
d
e
r
m
is
m
atch
ed
an
d
m
atc
h
ed
u
n
c
er
tain
ty
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
v
el
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
r
eg
u
lati
o
n
in
T
I
DM
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
n
o
v
elty
lies
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
AOA
to
o
p
tim
ally
tu
n
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
ai
n
s
o
f
th
e
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
u
p
er
io
r
n
o
is
e
r
ejec
tio
n
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
.
Un
lik
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
AO
-
T
ADF
h
an
d
les
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
,
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
,
an
d
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
ef
f
icien
tly
,
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
b
etter
g
ly
ce
m
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
f
aster
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t'
s
n
o
v
el
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
ew
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
t
h
at
in
teg
r
ates
AO
A
with
a
T
ilt
Acc
eler
atio
n
Der
iv
ativ
e
Fil
ter
to
d
y
n
am
ic
ally
ad
ju
s
t
in
s
u
lin
in
f
u
s
io
n
f
o
r
T
I
DM
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AOA
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
T
ADF
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
ar
tific
ial
p
an
cr
ea
s
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
an
d
m
ea
l/activ
ity
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
Her
e
is
a
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
m
ad
e
b
y
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
atien
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
with
AO
-
T
I
DF c
o
n
tr
o
ller
:
˗
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
u
m
er
ical
m
o
d
el
to
m
o
n
ito
r
B
G
lev
els
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
atien
t'
s
g
lu
c
o
s
e
m
etab
o
lis
m
(
GM
)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
˗
T
o
d
esig
n
a
n
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
a
T
I
DM
p
atien
t to
tr
a
ck
B
G
lev
els to
ac
h
iev
e
n
o
r
m
o
-
g
ly
ce
m
ia.
˗
Usi
n
g
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
f
ea
tu
r
es u
n
d
er
ab
n
o
r
m
al
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
its
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
˗
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t to
v
er
if
y
th
at
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
t
B
G
r
eg
u
latio
n
in
T
I
DM
p
atien
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
u
n
d
er
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
d
y
n
am
ics,
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
,
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
,
wh
e
r
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
(
PID
,
L
QG,
an
d
H∞)
f
all
s
h
o
r
t
in
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
s
tab
le
g
ly
ce
m
ic
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
o
f
ill
th
is
g
ap
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
es
AO
with
a
T
ilt
Acc
eler
a
tio
n
Der
iv
ativ
e
Fil
ter
to
en
h
a
n
ce
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
m
ain
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
AO
-
T
ADF
ac
h
iev
es
f
aster
s
ettlin
g
tim
e,
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t,
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
o
t,
m
in
im
al
n
o
is
e,
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ag
ain
s
t
p
a
r
am
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
m
ea
l
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
im
p
ly
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
a
r
tific
ial
p
an
cr
ea
s
s
y
s
tem
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
clin
ical
o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
T
I
DM
p
atien
ts
an
d
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
in
s
u
lin
d
eliv
er
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
th
e
ar
ticle's
co
n
s
is
ten
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e:
T
h
e
GM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
'
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Secti
o
n
3
o
u
tlin
es
s
o
m
e
s
p
ec
if
ics
o
f
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
's
(
AO
-
T
ADF
)
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
B
G
lev
el
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
Sectio
n
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Sectio
n
5
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
a
tio
n
s
.
2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
Sectio
n
2
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
clin
i
ca
l
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
B
G
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
g
a
n
s
o
f
th
e
T
I
D
M
p
atien
t.
2
.
1
.
Clini
ca
l
his
t
o
ry
A
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
clin
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
g
eth
er
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
d
i
ab
etes
m
ellitu
s
o
r
h
y
p
e
r
-
g
ly
ce
m
ia
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
a
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
a
r
ter
i
al
g
lu
co
s
e
(
AG)
ex
ce
ed
in
g
1
4
4
m
g
/d
l.
I
t
m
ay
b
e
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
in
s
u
lin
a
ctiv
ity
,
in
s
u
f
f
icien
cy
,
o
r
b
o
t
h
.
T
h
e
in
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
b
o
d
y
to
u
tili
ze
g
lu
c
o
s
e
co
r
r
ec
tly
is
th
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
d
iab
etes.
W
h
eth
er
a
b
o
d
y
is
ty
p
e
I
o
r
t
y
p
e
I
I
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
s
u
lin
it
tak
es.
W
h
en
a
p
atien
t
h
as
ty
p
e
I
d
iab
etes,
th
eir
b
o
d
y
is
in
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
an
y
in
s
u
l
in
at
all.
I
n
ty
p
e
I
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
2
9
7
-
5
3
1
3
5300
in
s
u
lin
is
r
elea
s
ed
m
o
r
e
s
lo
wly
an
d
h
as
a
s
m
aller
r
an
g
e
o
f
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
b
o
d
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
m
o
n
ito
r
s
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els
d
esp
ite
th
e
d
if
f
er
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
m
ea
ls
,
f
asti
n
g
,
o
r
ex
er
cise
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
at
f
ir
s
t
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
is
g
lu
co
s
e.
Glu
co
s
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
o
d
y
f
o
r
ev
e
r
y
a
ctiv
ity
.
Glu
co
s
e
is
tak
en
u
p
a
n
d
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
th
e
v
en
o
u
s
b
lo
o
d
(
VB
)
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
astro
in
test
in
al
tr
ac
t.
C
ar
b
o
h
y
d
r
ate
d
iets
d
eliv
er
g
lu
co
s
e
in
to
th
e
g
astro
in
test
in
al
r
eg
io
n
.
I
t
is
th
e
g
lu
co
s
e
th
at
is
in
cir
cu
latio
n
f
r
o
m
an
“
ex
ter
n
al
”
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
in
test
in
e
s
u
p
p
lies
g
lu
co
s
e,
wh
ich
th
e
VB
th
en
m
o
v
es
to
th
e
li
v
er
.
T
h
e
liv
er
s
to
r
es
B
G
a
s
g
ly
co
g
e
n
an
d
wh
ile
th
e
B
G
l
ev
el
b
ec
o
m
es
lo
w
en
o
u
g
h
,
it
r
etu
r
n
s
to
VB
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
“
in
ter
n
al
”
g
lu
co
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
g
lu
co
s
e
m
etab
o
lis
m
with
o
x
y
g
en
g
en
er
ates e
n
er
g
y
,
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
i
d
e,
as we
ll a
s
wate
r
in
s
id
e
th
e
ce
ll.
I
n
s
u
lin
,
wh
ich
co
n
tr
o
ls
B
G
le
v
els,
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
an
c
r
ea
tic
β
ce
ll
s
.
I
n
a
n
o
r
m
al
p
er
s
o
n
with
h
ig
h
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els,
in
s
u
lin
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
two
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
:
I
t
f
ir
s
t
f
ac
ilit
a
tes
th
e
liv
er
to
tak
e
u
p
g
lu
co
s
e
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
it
in
t
o
g
ly
c
o
g
e
n
.
wh
ich
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
c
r
u
cia
l
wh
ile
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
m
ea
ls
.
T
h
u
s
,
ex
ce
s
s
“
in
ter
n
al
”
g
lu
co
s
e
ca
n
n
o
lo
n
g
er
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
u
s
cles
o
r
liv
e
r
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
in
s
u
lin
h
elp
s
th
e
b
o
d
y
u
s
e
g
lu
co
s
e
in
th
e
m
u
s
cles
to
m
ee
t
its
p
er
ip
h
er
al
en
er
g
y
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Du
e
to
an
o
m
alies
in
th
e
k
in
etics
o
f
m
etab
o
lic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
th
at
ea
ch
o
f
th
ese
two
ac
ts
is
e
ith
er
co
m
p
letely
o
r
p
ar
tially
h
in
d
er
ed
in
d
ia
b
etic
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
An
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
el
is
n
o
ted
i
n
d
iab
etes
p
atien
ts
wh
en
th
ei
r
ce
lls
ce
ase
u
s
in
g
g
lu
co
s
e
an
d
th
e
liv
e
r
g
en
e
r
at
es
in
ter
n
al
g
lu
co
s
e.
Kid
n
ey
f
u
n
ctio
n
r
e
m
o
v
es
ex
tr
a
VB
g
l
u
co
s
e
wh
en
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
el
s
u
r
p
ass
es 1
6
2
m
g
/d
l.
2
.
2
.
Str
uct
ure
o
f
t
he
pa
t
ient
Ov
er
th
e
p
ast
f
ew
g
en
er
atio
n
s
,
g
lu
co
s
e
-
in
s
u
lin
(
GI
)
d
y
n
a
m
ics
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
t
h
e
GM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
ls
g
lu
c
o
s
e,
an
d
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
o
f
f
e
r
ed
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
m
o
d
els
to
ex
p
lain
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
Du
e
o
f
its
clo
s
e
r
esem
b
lan
ce
to
h
u
m
an
m
etab
o
lic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
im
p
licity
,
L
eh
m
an
n
et
a
l.
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
m
o
d
el
wh
ich
h
as
ex
ten
s
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
th
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
a
n
d
test
in
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
ch
em
es.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
t
o
e
v
alu
ate
h
o
w
well
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els
to
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
lle
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ix
c
o
m
p
ar
tm
en
ts
th
at
m
ak
e
u
p
th
e
GM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
AP: th
e
k
id
n
ey
,
s
to
m
ac
h
,
liv
er
,
b
r
ain
,
a
n
d
h
ea
r
t.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
to
ass
es
s
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
r
eg
u
latin
g
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
u
g
a
r
in
th
e
b
lo
o
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
a
s
ix
-
p
ar
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
g
astro
in
test
in
al
s
y
s
tem
'
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
th
e
ass
im
ilated
in
s
u
lin
d
o
s
ag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
:
p
er
ip
h
er
al,
k
id
n
ey
,
s
to
m
ac
h
,
liv
er
,
b
r
ain
an
d
h
ea
r
t.
T
h
e
liv
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e,
wh
ic
h
is
th
en
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
in
test
in
al
tr
ac
t.
T
h
e
AG
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
i
n
p
u
t
to
th
e
AP.
W
ith
th
e
MI
D
p
lace
d
,
th
e
in
s
u
lin
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
in
s
id
e
th
e
V
B
is
co
m
p
u
ted
in
ev
er
y
f
iv
e
m
in
u
tes,
m
u
ch
lik
e
th
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
AP
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
in
ter
v
al
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
m
ec
h
an
is
m
an
d
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
is
u
s
ed
h
er
e.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
d
ep
icts
ea
tin
g
an
d
e
x
er
cise
as
u
n
s
ettlin
g
th
e
p
er
ip
h
er
al
a
n
d
th
e
s
to
m
ac
h
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Af
ter
ev
alu
atin
g
i
n
s
u
lin
,
g
lu
co
s
e
f
l
o
w,
an
d
th
eir
attr
ib
u
tes,
th
e
f
u
ll
GM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
a
d
iab
etic
p
atien
t
is
s
y
n
th
esized
.
A
s
im
p
lifie
d
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
T
I
DM
p
atien
t's
GM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
s
u
lin
an
d
g
lu
co
s
e
ac
tio
n
s
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
So
lid
ar
r
o
ws
r
ef
lect
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
g
lu
co
s
e
f
lo
w
p
a
tter
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
is
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
b
lo
o
d
s
u
g
ar
p
a
s
s
ag
e
with
in
s
u
lin
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
b
y
1
+
an
d
1
-
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
ly
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ov
e
r
all
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
GM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
a
T
I
DM
p
atien
t
:
(
a)
co
m
p
a
r
tm
en
tal
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
GM
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
k
id
n
ey
,
s
to
m
ac
h
,
liv
er
,
b
r
ain
,
h
ea
r
t,
a
n
d
p
er
ip
h
e
r
al
tis
s
u
es
;
an
d
(
b
)
s
im
p
lifie
d
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t stru
ctu
r
e
an
d
th
e
GI
d
y
n
am
ics ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
o
d
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
tm
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
d
a
p
tive
tilt
a
cc
elera
tio
n
d
eriva
tive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l b
a
s
ed
a
r
tifi
cia
l p
a
n
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s
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(
S
mitta
R
a
n
ja
n
Du
tta
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5301
2
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
ins
uli
n
As
th
e
B
G
lev
el
r
i
s
es,
th
e
A
P
in
jects
th
e
id
ea
l
q
u
an
tity
o
f
i
n
s
u
lin
with
in
th
e
VB
s
tr
ea
m
.
T
h
e
VB
'
s
in
s
u
lin
ac
tio
n
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as i
n
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
[
3
2
]
:
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
an
d
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
as 0
.
1
2
3
−
1
an
d
9
9
.
4
d
l sep
ar
at
ely
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
o
f
(
)
in
th
e
VB
is
s
tated
as:
(
)
=
1
(
)
−
2
(
)
(
2
)
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
1
an
d
2
ar
e
i
n
ter
p
r
e
ted
as
0
.
0
0
0
4
2
−
1
an
d
0
.
0
2
1
−
1
s
ep
ar
ately
.
T
h
e
(
)
an
d
(
)
with
in
th
e
VB
an
d
is
m
en
tio
n
e
d
in
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
(
)
=
(
2
/
1
)
(
)
(
3
)
(
)
=
(
ℎ
/
)
(
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
in
s
u
lin
s
en
s
itiv
ity
v
alu
es
(
an
d
ℎ
)
ar
e
tak
en
as
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
1
.
0
,
an
d
v
alu
e
o
f
is
tak
en
as
1
.
0
m
U/d
l.
All
in
s
u
lin
ac
tio
n
'
s
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
g
e
n
etic
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es a
r
e
co
n
v
ey
e
d
in
(
1
)
-
(
4
)
.
2
.
4
.
Dig
estiv
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
's
g
luco
s
e
co
ncent
ra
t
io
n r
a
t
e
T
h
e
ter
m
“
g
astric
em
p
ty
in
g
r
ate
”
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
r
ate
at
wh
ic
h
th
e
g
astric
em
p
ty
in
g
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
(
GE
S)
f
o
r
m
s
g
lu
c
o
s
e
(
)
,
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
(
a
)
an
d
3(
b
)
.
(
)
attain
s
p
ea
k
v
al
u
e
o
f
(
3
6
0
m
g
/m
in
)
,
an
d
ev
en
tu
ally
d
r
o
p
s
to
0
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
lan
o
f
(
)
p
lo
t
is
co
n
tin
g
e
n
t
u
p
o
n
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
ℎ
in
g
esti
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
p
o
r
tr
a
y
s
th
e
tr
ian
g
le
s
h
ap
e
o
f
(
)
u
n
d
er
s
u
ch
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
ℎ
,
wh
en
th
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
b
elo
w
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
lev
el
o
f
ℎ
(
1
0
.
8
g
m
)
.
Ag
ain
ℎ
ca
n
b
e
as
s
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
h
elp
o
f
(
5
)
.
T
h
e
an
d
ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
(
6
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
a
tr
ap
ez
o
i
d
al
s
h
ap
e
o
f
(
)
p
lo
t
in
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
,
wh
en
ev
er
ℎ
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
s
am
e
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
as
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
th
at
o
f
ℎ
,
Valu
es
o
f
an
d
ar
e
r
eser
v
ed
as
3
0
m
in
in
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
is
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
tim
e
d
u
r
in
g
wh
ich
(
)
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
es
.
I
t is r
ef
er
en
ce
d
in
m
ath
em
atica
l (
7
)
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
ℎ
=
[
(
+
)
]
/
2
(
5
)
=
=
ℎ
/
(
6
)
=
[
ℎ
−
(
1
/
2
)
(
+
)
]
/
(
7
)
T
h
e
(
)
with
ℎ
in
tak
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
ℎ
is
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
(
8
)
:
(
)
=
{
(
/
)
<
<
≤
+
−
(
/
)
+
≤
<
+
+
0
ℎ
(
8
)
wh
er
e,
is
h
o
w
m
u
ch
tim
e
h
as p
ass
ed
af
ter
a
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
ea
l w
as
tak
en
in
.
T
h
e
(
)
p
lo
ts
in
b
o
t
h
tr
ian
g
le
an
d
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
an
d
an
ticip
ated
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
as
in
d
icate
d
in
(
8
)
.
T
h
e
1
s
t
o
r
d
er
f
ilter
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
g
u
t'
s
g
l
u
co
s
e
p
r
e
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
r
ate
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
(
)
.
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
(
9
)
(
)
=
(
)
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
2
9
7
-
5
3
1
3
5302
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
p
r
esu
m
ed
to
b
e
0
.
0
1
7
−
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
q
u
ic
k
ly
th
e
s
to
m
ac
h
ab
s
o
r
b
s
g
lu
co
s
e
with
1
0
an
d
6
0
g
m
ℎ
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
by
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
(
)
an
d
ap
p
ea
r
s
f
r
o
m
f
ir
s
t
o
r
d
er
f
ilter
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
(
a)
an
d
3
(
b
)
d
i
s
tin
ctly
in
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
two
s
i
tu
atio
n
s
.
Ad
ap
tab
le
f
ac
to
r
s
wh
ich
a
r
e
lis
ted
in
(
5
)
-
(
8
)
ar
e
e
x
am
in
ed
an
d
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
GE
S.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
as
s
h
o
w
n
,
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
b
y
(
9
)
-
(
1
0
)
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
th
e
s
to
m
a
ch
ar
e
also
l
o
o
k
e
d
in
to
an
d
as
well
as
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
g
u
t'
s
n
u
m
er
ical
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ov
e
r
all
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
astric
em
p
ty
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
an
d
g
lu
co
s
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
d
y
n
am
ics in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
ca
r
b
o
h
y
d
r
ate
(
ℎ
)
in
tak
e
in
a
T
I
DM
p
atien
t (
a)
Plo
t o
f
(
)
with
1
0
g
m
ℎ
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
(
ℎ
<
ℎ
)
an
d
(
b
)
Plo
t o
f
(
)
with
6
0
gm
ℎ
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
(
ℎ
>
ℎ
)
; (
c)
Gu
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
with
1
0
an
d
6
0
gm
ℎ
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
2
.
5
.
G
luco
s
e
pro
f
iles
in t
he
liv
er
,
ce
ntr
a
l ner
v
es sy
s
t
em
,
ce
lls
,
a
nd
re
d blo
o
d c
ell
L
iv
er
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
ca
r
b
o
h
y
d
r
a
tes
an
d
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
n
et
h
ep
at
ic
g
lu
co
s
e
b
alan
ce
(
NHGB)
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
t
wo
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
lim
it
th
e
liv
er
'
s
g
lu
co
s
e
p
r
o
f
ile
(
)
an
d
AG.
T
h
e
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
is
u
s
ed
to
esti
ma
te
it.
T
h
e
r
ele
v
an
t
d
ata
is
g
ath
er
ed
b
y
tak
in
g
th
e
liter
atu
r
es
f
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
at
io
n
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
liv
er
'
s
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
r
ep
licated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
Glu
co
s
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
b
y
th
e
ce
lls
i
s
d
ep
en
d
en
t
on
(
)
an
d
(
)
.
T
h
e
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
g
lu
co
s
e
is
m
etab
o
lized
b
y
ce
lls
,
an
d
r
elev
a
n
t
d
ata
is
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
at
liter
atu
r
es
.
C
ell
'
s
m
ath
em
atica
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
n
b
e
witn
ess
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
R
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll
(
R
B
C
)
an
d
B
r
ain
ar
e
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
s
th
at
ar
e
in
s
u
lin
-
au
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
.
ce
n
tr
al
n
e
r
v
es
s
y
s
tem
(
C
NS)
an
d
R
B
C
co
n
s
u
m
e
ca
r
b
o
h
y
d
r
ate
o
f
7
2
m
g
/
h
r
/k
g
an
d
1
2
.
9
6
m
g
/h
r
/k
g
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
C
NS
an
d
r
en
al
th
r
es
h
o
ld
g
lu
co
s
e
(
R
T
G
)
n
u
m
er
ical
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
wer
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
2
.
6
.
K
idn
ey
g
luco
s
e
o
utlines
A
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
VB
's
g
lu
co
s
e
is
ex
cr
eted
v
ia
th
e
k
id
n
e
y
,
wh
en
ev
er
th
e
B
G
co
n
ten
t
(
)
ex
ce
e
d
s
th
e
.
T
h
at
is
d
e
n
o
ted
as
(
)
.
T
h
e
(
)
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
(
)
an
d
c
r
ea
tin
in
e
clea
r
an
ce
r
ate
(
CCR
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
d
a
p
tive
tilt
a
cc
elera
tio
n
d
eriva
tive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l b
a
s
ed
a
r
tifi
cia
l p
a
n
crea
s
fo
r
…
(
S
mitta
R
a
n
ja
n
Du
tta
)
5303
T
h
is
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
lo
g
ically
in
(
1
1
)
.
(
)
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
to
ze
r
o
,
wh
en
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
(
)
is
s
m
aller
th
an
o
r
id
en
tical
to
as
ex
p
o
s
ed
in
(
1
2
)
.
As
p
er
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
an
d
ar
e
r
eser
v
e
d
as
1
d
l/m
in
an
d
1
6
0
m
g
/d
l c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
Kid
n
ey
ac
tiv
ity
is
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
in
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
to
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
:
(
)
=
(
(
)
−
)
(
)
>
(
1
1
)
(
)
=
0
(
)
≤
(
1
2
)
An
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
k
id
n
ey
'
s
an
aly
tical
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
I
t is ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
ter
m
in
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
in
m
ath
em
at
ics as in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
(
1
1
)
an
d
(
1
2
)
.
2
.
7
.
VB
's
blo
o
d g
luco
s
e
lev
el
Fo
llo
win
g
is
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
B
G
lev
el
with
in
VB
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
:
(
)
=
[
(
)
+
(
)
−
(
)
−
(
)
]
(
1
3
)
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
,
is
tak
en
as
1
7
5
d
l.
Patien
t'
s
an
ato
m
y
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
.
I
t
is
ex
p
lain
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
at
h
em
atica
l te
r
m
in
o
lo
g
y
as in
d
icate
d
i
n
(
1
)
-
(
1
3
)
.
2
.
8
.
M
icro
ins
uli
n di
s
pen
s
er
T
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
[
3
4
]
–
[
3
7
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
k
in
d
o
f
MI
D
f
o
r
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
r
ate
g
o
v
e
r
n
s
its
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
r
u
ci
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
is
d
e
v
ice
ar
e
th
e
p
u
m
p
r
etu
r
n
v
alv
e,
ac
cu
m
u
lato
r
,
m
icr
o
p
u
m
p
,
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
s
u
le,
an
d
s
u
i
tab
le
elec
tr
ical
co
n
tr
o
l.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
clu
d
e
an
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
p
at
ien
t
is
awa
k
e,
an
d
a
p
u
ls
e
m
o
n
ito
r
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
ea
r
t
r
ate,
an
d
a
ch
r
o
m
ato
g
r
ap
h
to
ass
ess
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els.
A
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
co
m
p
iles
all
o
f
th
is
d
ata
an
d
d
ec
id
es
w
h
eth
er
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
VB
with
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
o
s
ag
es o
f
in
s
u
lin
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
MI
D'
s
s
im
u
latio
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ov
e
r
all
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
AP sy
s
tem
an
d
its
in
teg
r
at
io
n
with
th
e
T
I
DM
p
atien
t m
o
d
el
(
a)
MI
D
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
atien
t
an
d
(
b
)
Simu
lated
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
MI
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
2
9
7
-
5
3
1
3
5304
2
.
9
.
Study
o
f
dy
na
m
ic
beha
v
io
r
o
f
t
he
pa
t
ient
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
s
ev
er
al
v
ar
ia
b
les
r
elate
d
to
ch
an
g
es
in
B
G
m
etab
o
lic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
u
s
in
g
a
6
0
.
0
0
g
m
ea
ten
f
o
o
d
at
6
0
0
m
in
u
tes
an
d
e
x
er
cisi
n
g
at
1
,
3
0
0
m
i
n
u
tes
in
a
Gau
s
s
ian
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
th
e
in
s
u
lin
d
o
s
ag
e
th
at
is
s
et
f
ix
ed
,
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
b
asal
in
s
u
lin
d
o
s
ag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
s
u
lin
d
o
s
e
an
d
b
r
ief
f
lu
ctu
ati
o
n
s
in
th
e
p
lasma
g
lu
co
s
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
VB
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
an
o
m
alies
in
NHGB
r
ate,
g
u
t
r
ate
,
r
en
al
e
x
cr
etio
n
r
ate
an
d
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
u
p
tak
e
b
y
ce
lls
an
d
th
e
C
NS.
T
h
e
liv
er
an
d
p
er
ip
h
er
al
ce
lls
in
th
e
VB
ar
e
th
e
o
n
ly
o
r
g
an
s
th
at
d
ep
en
d
o
n
in
s
u
lin
to
r
eg
u
late
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els.
W
h
en
in
s
u
lin
i
s
ab
s
en
t,
th
ey
co
n
s
u
m
e
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
ely
less
g
lu
co
s
e.
Un
d
er
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
el
b
ec
o
m
es
to
o
h
ig
h
,
a
b
o
v
e
t
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
1
4
4
m
g
/d
l.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
h
y
p
er
-
g
ly
ce
m
ia.
T
h
e
k
id
n
ey
elim
in
ates
a
p
ar
t
o
f
g
lu
co
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
VB
,
wh
e
n
B
G
lev
e
l
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
r
en
a
l
th
r
esh
o
ld
g
lu
co
s
e
(
R
T
G
)
.
T
h
e
k
id
n
ey
'
s
ex
cr
etio
n
o
f
g
lu
co
s
e
in
r
elatio
n
to
B
G
lev
els
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
c)
.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
(
a
)
to
5
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
a
p
atien
t
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
itin
g
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
f
lee
tin
g
r
esp
o
n
s
es
with
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
b
lo
o
d
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ex
ce
ed
s
n
o
r
m
al
v
alu
es.
I
t
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
wh
ich
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
d
y
n
am
ics
ar
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
an
d
in
s
tab
ilit
y
.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
esig
n
a
n
AP
u
s
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
an
ag
e
th
e
s
e
am
b
ig
u
ities
an
d
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
cu
r
v
es f
o
r
th
e
p
atien
t m
o
d
el
(
a)
B
G
l
ev
el
in
r
elatio
n
t
o
in
s
u
lin
,
(
b
)
r
ate
o
f
g
lu
c
o
s
e
s
y
n
th
esis
an
d
u
tili
za
tio
n
in
G
M
o
r
g
an
s
,
a
n
d
(
c
)
r
ate
o
f
g
lu
c
o
s
e
ex
cr
etio
n
b
y
th
e
k
id
n
e
y
s
2
.
1
0
.
T
he
m
ec
ha
nis
m
s
o
f
co
ntr
o
l
Ad
d
en
d
u
m
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
clea
r
l
y
estab
lis
h
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ex
am
in
e
d
f
o
r
s
tab
ili
ty
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
an
d
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
.
I
n
d
ex
es
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lik
e
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
(
m
in
)
,
s
tea
d
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
(
%
)
,
p
ea
k
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
o
t
,
an
d
p
ea
k
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
o
t
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
an
d
th
e
AO
-
AI
DF c
o
n
tr
o
ller
e
x
am
in
ed
cl
o
s
ely
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
d
a
p
tive
tilt
a
cc
elera
tio
n
d
eriva
tive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l b
a
s
ed
a
r
tifi
cia
l p
a
n
crea
s
fo
r
…
(
S
mitta
R
a
n
ja
n
Du
tta
)
5305
2
.
1
0
.
1
.
AO
-
T
ADF
co
ntr
o
llin
g
dev
ice
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t
with
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
)
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
[
3
8
]
–
[
4
1
]
:
=
+
(
1
1
+
)
+
(
2
2
+
)
(
3
3
+
)
(
1
4
)
wh
er
e,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
tilt
g
ain
(
)
,
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
g
ain
(
)
,
d
er
iv
at
iv
e
g
ain
(
)
,
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
tilt
(
n
)
,
p
r
e
-
f
ilter
g
ain
s
(
1
,
2
,
3
)
,
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
s
(
an
d
)
an
d
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t
o
f
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
)
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
p
a
r
am
eter
s
is
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
lo
west
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
)
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
5
)
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
e
q
u
iv
ale
n
ce
o
f
.
T
h
e
lo
west
v
alu
e
o
f
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
u
ch
as
less
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
o
t,
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
o
t,
an
d
b
etter
m
o
n
ito
r
g
lu
co
s
e
lev
els o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el.
=
∫
|
(
)
|
∞
0
(
1
5
)
T
h
e
AOA
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
t
o
a
n
aly
ze
co
n
tr
o
l p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
g
lu
c
o
s
e
lev
els.
2
.
1
0
.
2
.
O
ptim
iz
a
t
io
n
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
T
h
e
h
u
n
tin
g
h
ab
its
o
f
Aq
u
ila
s
er
v
e
as
an
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
o
r
AO
.
A
p
o
te
n
tial
s
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
r
ay
(
X
)
in
AO
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
tak
in
g
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
co
u
n
t
o
f
ca
n
d
i
d
ates
(
N
)
an
d
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
(
D
)
.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
ar
r
ay
ar
e
N
×D.
E
ac
h
ca
n
d
id
ate'
s
s
elec
t
i
o
n
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
[
1
3
]
,
[
4
2
]
–
[
4
4
]
(
1
6
)
.
=
×
(
−
)
+
(
1
6
)
wh
er
e,
,
,
,
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ts
ca
n
d
id
ate
o
f
ℎ
r
o
w
an
d
ℎ
co
lu
m
n
in
,
an
ar
b
itra
r
y
v
alu
e
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
1
,
Up
p
er
lim
it
o
f
ℎ
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
lo
wer
lim
it
o
f
ℎ
d
im
en
s
io
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
He
r
e,
ch
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
1
to
,
ch
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
1
t
o
.
T
h
e
h
u
n
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
u
ally
class
if
ied
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es
.
T
h
ese
ar
e:
i)
v
er
tical
s
to
o
p
in
g
,
h
ig
h
s
o
a
r
s
,
o
r
e
x
p
an
d
ed
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
.
ii)
s
h
o
r
t
g
lid
e
o
r
f
o
cu
s
ed
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
co
n
to
u
r
f
lig
h
t.
iii)
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
lig
h
t
h
av
in
g
b
r
ief
d
escen
t o
r
ex
te
n
d
ed
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
.
iv
)
walk
in
g
an
d
ca
tch
in
g
p
r
ey
o
r
n
ar
r
o
wly
f
o
cu
s
ed
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
.
T
h
e
aq
u
ila
s
o
a
r
s
h
ig
h
to
s
u
r
v
e
y
th
e
h
u
n
tin
g
ar
ea
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
s
o
ar
an
d
v
er
tically
s
to
o
p
in
g
s
tag
es
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
E
x
p
a
n
d
ed
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
is
th
e
m
ath
em
ati
ca
l
wo
r
d
f
o
r
th
is
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
is
s
y
m
b
o
lically
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
1
.
Ma
th
em
atica
l e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
an
d
e
d
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
s
tag
e
is
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
(
1
7
)
.
1
(
+
1
)
=
(
)
×
(
1
−
)
+
(
(
)
−
(
)
×
)
(
1
7
)
wh
er
e,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
is
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
,
m
o
m
e
n
tar
y
iter
atio
n
is
illu
s
tr
ated
b
y
,
th
e
u
p
co
m
in
g
iter
atio
n
'
s
r
eso
lu
tio
n
is
d
ep
icted
b
y
1
(
+
1
)
,
th
e
b
est
o
p
tio
n
o
r
th
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
y
is
ex
h
ib
ited
b
y
(
)
an
d
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
ea
n
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
iter
atio
n
.
I
n
its
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
th
e
aq
u
ila
b
eg
in
s
h
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
an
d
c
o
r
n
er
in
g
its
p
r
ey
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
n
ar
r
o
wed
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
r
c
o
n
to
u
r
f
ly
in
g
with
b
r
ief
g
lid
e.
A
m
a
th
em
atica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
n
ar
r
o
wed
attem
p
t
s
tag
e
is
u
s
e
d
to
s
y
m
b
o
lize
th
e
n
ar
r
o
wed
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
b
y
th
e
(
1
8
)
.
2
(
+
1
)
=
(
)
×
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
−
)
×
(
1
8
)
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e'
s
an
s
wer
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
i
ter
atio
n
is
2
(
+
1
)
,
(
)
in
d
icate
s
th
e
lev
y
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
f
o
r
,
(
)
s
ig
n
if
ies
t
h
e
ar
b
itra
r
ily
ch
o
s
en
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
ℎ
iter
atio
n
,
an
d
clar
if
ies
th
e
Aq
u
ila'
s
s
p
ir
al
d
escen
t
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
e
AO
m
o
v
es
in
to
its
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
s
tag
e
in
th
e
th
ir
d
m
o
d
e.
At
th
is
p
o
in
t,
th
e
aq
u
ila
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
to
lo
w
f
lig
h
t
with
eith
er
ex
ten
d
ed
e
x
p
lo
itat
io
n
m
o
d
e
o
r
a
b
r
ie
f
d
escen
t state.
Aq
u
ila
watc
h
es
h
o
w
p
r
ey
b
eh
av
es in
th
is
m
o
d
e
o
f
s
tate.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
is
d
en
o
ted
s
y
m
b
o
lically
as
3
.
A
m
ath
em
atica
l e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
p
an
d
ed
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
p
h
ase
is
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
(
1
9
)
.
3
(
+
1
)
=
×
(
)
−
×
(
)
−
+
×
×
(
−
)
+
×
(
1
9
)
wh
er
ea
s
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e'
s
an
s
wer
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
iter
a
tio
n
is
3
(
+
1
)
,
an
d
d
ep
icts
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
x
p
lo
itatio
n
s
tag
e
ad
j
u
s
tm
en
t.
Aq
u
ila
m
im
ics
its
la
n
d
in
g
in
th
e
f
in
al
m
o
d
e
wh
il
e
b
r
in
g
in
g
d
o
w
n
its
p
r
ey
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
iz
ed
as
walk
in
g
an
d
g
r
asp
in
g
p
r
ey
,
o
r
lim
ited
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
is
d
en
o
ted
s
y
m
b
o
lically
as
4
.
Ma
th
em
atica
l e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
an
d
e
d
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
p
h
ase
d
e
p
icted
b
y
(
2
0
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
2
9
7
-
5
3
1
3
5306
4
(
+
1
)
=
×
(
)
−
1
×
(
)
×
−
2
×
(
)
+
×
1
(
2
0
)
wh
er
e,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e'
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
iter
atio
n
is
4
(
+
1
)
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
w
ith
th
e
q
u
ality
f
u
n
ctio
n
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
b
etwe
en
s
ea
r
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
at
ℎ
iter
atio
n
,
1
an
d
2
illu
s
tr
ates
Aq
u
ila'
s
m
o
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
u
n
tin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
s
et
s
u
ch
th
at
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
v
alu
es
ar
e
p
r
o
m
p
tly
attain
ed
.
Un
til
to
th
e
h
alt
p
o
in
t
(
m
a
x
im
u
m
iter
atio
n
)
,
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
co
n
tin
u
es
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
ce
ag
ain
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
al
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
l
o
west
v
alu
e
o
f
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ai
n
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
o
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
t
h
e
AOA
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
T
ADF'
s
o
v
er
all
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
(
1
4
)
to
(
2
0
)
.
An
in
tr
icate
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
th
at
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
AOA
tech
n
iq
u
e'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
6
-
s
tep
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
AOA
to
th
e
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
:
a.
I
n
itializatio
n
:
d
ef
in
e
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
u
p
p
er
a
n
d
lo
wer
b
o
u
n
d
s
f
o
r
ea
c
h
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
.
b.
Po
p
u
latio
n
g
e
n
er
atio
n
:
g
en
er
at
e
an
in
itial p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
r
an
d
o
m
ly
.
c.
Fit
n
ess
ev
alu
atio
n
: e
v
alu
ate
ea
ch
ca
n
d
id
ate
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
T
AE
a
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
ex
.
d.
Op
tim
izatio
n
p
h
ases
:
ap
p
ly
th
e
f
o
u
r
AOA
h
u
n
tin
g
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
(
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
)
iter
ativ
ely
to
u
p
d
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
e.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
ch
ec
k
:
r
ep
ea
t
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
u
n
til
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
is
r
ea
ch
ed
o
r
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
.
f.
Op
tim
al
s
elec
tio
n
:
ch
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
b
est
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
o
lu
tio
n
(
with
m
in
im
u
m
I
T
AE
)
as
th
e
f
in
al
s
et
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
T
ADF.
O
n
c
e
t
h
e
AO
-
T
AD
F
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
e
r
i
s
d
es
i
g
n
e
d
,
it
is
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
T
I
D
M
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
m
o
d
e
l
,
a
s
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
p
l
o
ts
o
f
t
h
e
A
O
-
T
A
D
F
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
(
s
u
c
h
a
s
P
I
D
,
F
u
zz
y
,
S
M
,
L
Q
G,
a
n
d
H
∞
)
t
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
t
h
ei
r
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
es
.
T
h
ese
p
l
o
t
s
i
n
cl
u
d
e
:
a.
B
G
lev
el
r
esp
o
n
s
es
u
n
d
er
m
ea
l a
n
d
ac
tiv
ity
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
b.
I
n
s
u
lin
in
f
u
s
io
n
r
ate
p
r
o
f
iles
.
c.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t,
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
o
t,
an
d
s
et
tlin
g
tim
e
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
ab
le
1
.
AO
-
T
ADF
o
p
tim
al
c
o
n
tr
o
l p
a
r
am
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
O
p
t
i
mal
v
a
l
u
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
O
p
t
i
mal
v
a
l
u
e
(
Ti
l
t
g
a
i
n
)
0
.
3
1
2
(Pre
-
f
i
l
t
e
r
g
a
i
n
s
2
)
9
.
7
0
(
D
e
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
g
a
i
n
)
8
.
0
0
3
(Pre
-
f
i
l
t
e
r
g
a
i
n
s
3
)
2
.
4
0
(
A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
g
a
i
n
)
0
.
0
5
(
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
d
e
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
)
0
.
6
3
(
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
t
i
l
t
)
0
.
0
6
(
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
0
.
3
1
1
(Pre
-
f
i
l
t
e
r
g
a
i
n
s
1
)
1
3
.
8
(
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
)
0
.
1
5
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Ov
e
r
all
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
AO
-
T
ADF
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
:
(
a)
An
AO
-
T
ADF
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
an
d
(
b
)
An
AOA
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
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