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to
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rticle
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s
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uth
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r
:
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g
ei
T
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f
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Dep
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tm
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t o
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s
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g
Un
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er
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ty
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St.
Peter
s
b
u
r
g
,
Vasily
ev
s
k
y
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s
lan
d
,
2
1
lin
e
d
.
2
,
Sain
t Pete
r
s
b
u
r
g
,
R
u
s
s
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m
ail:
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er
g
eitr
u
f
an
o
v
7
3
@
m
ai
l.r
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
wo
r
ld
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
m
an
y
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
o
il
an
d
g
as
s
ec
to
r
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
u
r
g
e
n
t
task
s
is
th
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
o
p
tim
al
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
au
t
o
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
s
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
r
i
g
s
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
ee
d
to
r
ev
iew
an
d
m
o
d
er
n
ize
ex
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Desp
ite
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
ad
v
an
c
ed
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
d
r
illi
n
g
s
till
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
r
eser
v
es
lie
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
r
illi
n
g
p
a
r
am
eter
s
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
a
n
d
i
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
wo
r
k
.
I
n
th
is
r
ev
iew
ar
ticle,
we
will
co
n
s
id
er
telec
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
ar
e
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
s
ed
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ar
e
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
b
r
in
g
in
g
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
a
n
ew
lev
el
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
is
to
s
tu
d
y
ex
is
tin
g
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
th
ei
r
ad
v
an
tag
es
a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
,
as
well
as
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
a
u
to
m
atic
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tics
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
s
.
W
e
will
also
c
o
n
s
id
er
ex
a
m
p
les
o
f
th
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
ANA
L
YS
I
S
Pro
ce
s
s
es
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
i
g
h
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
ar
e
i
d
ea
l
ca
n
d
id
ates
f
o
r
au
to
m
atio
n
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
(
E
C
M)
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
allo
ws
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ac
cu
r
a
cy
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
u
m
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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p
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I
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N:
2088
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Da
ta
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
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n
tech
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lo
g
ie
s
fo
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
men
t o
f
a
d
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illi
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ig
co
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tr
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…
(
I
r
in
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5507
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a
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ag
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f
c
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p
lex
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
co
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
p
r
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ce
s
s
is
d
u
e
to
a
lar
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1
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atio
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al
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n
s
.
I
n
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
]
–
[
4
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,
s
p
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ial
atten
tio
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is
p
aid
to
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
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d
r
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p
r
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s
s
to
o
p
tim
ize
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p
ar
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eter
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,
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in
ce
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p
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eter
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p
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u
m
p
tio
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y
alm
o
s
t
7
5
%"
[
3
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.
I
n
wo
r
k
s
[
5
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–
[
7
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m
eth
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s
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lex
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f
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d
r
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r
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g
.
Pu
b
licatio
n
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
p
ay
s
p
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ial
atten
ti
o
n
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
telec
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ea
tio
n
o
f
r
em
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
e
v
en
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
b
ec
o
m
es
ex
tr
em
ely
d
if
f
icu
lt
in
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
co
n
s
tan
tly
alter
n
atin
g
r
o
ck
s
,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ch
an
g
es
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Ma
in
tain
in
g
an
o
p
tim
al
lev
el
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
in
s
u
ch
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
alm
o
s
t
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
with
o
u
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ca
n
ad
ap
t
to
r
ap
i
d
ly
ch
an
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
a
r
am
eter
s
in
r
ea
l
tim
e.
T
h
is
is
wh
y
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
s
tr
iv
e
to
o
p
tim
ize
d
r
illi
n
g
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
b
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
c
o
n
s
tan
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
r
eg
u
latio
n
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
s
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
allo
ws
y
o
u
to
tr
ac
k
all
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
am
et
er
s
in
r
ea
l
tim
e,
s
ee
th
eir
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l a
ct
io
n
s
.
R
eg
u
latio
n
in
v
o
lv
es a
d
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
v
alu
es
o
r
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
m
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
m
ath
em
ati
ca
l
m
o
d
els
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
[
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l h
elp
s
th
e
o
b
ject
f
u
n
ctio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
in
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ch
an
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
o
u
s
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
t
ec
h
n
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
3
]
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
“sm
ar
t”
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
e
v
ices,
as
well
as
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
“sm
ar
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
”
with
s
elf
-
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
s
elf
-
ca
lib
r
atio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
c
h
an
g
e
u
s
in
g
m
o
d
er
n
d
ig
ital
in
te
r
f
ac
es,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
wir
eless
o
n
e
s
”
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
a
d
atab
ase
is
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t statis
tical
an
aly
s
is
an
d
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
o
p
tim
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
au
to
m
atic
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
m
u
s
t
m
ee
t
th
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
:
i
)
r
eliab
ilit
y
;
ii
)
t
im
el
in
ess
;
iii
)
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
;
an
d
iv
)
u
n
am
b
ig
u
ity
.
I
n
ar
ea
s
r
elate
d
to
au
to
m
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
b
o
th
wir
ed
an
d
wir
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
ac
tiv
ely
u
s
ed
.
W
e
will
co
n
s
id
er
in
m
o
r
e
d
etail
th
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
u
s
ed
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tics
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
W
ired
inte
rf
a
ce
s
I
n
m
o
d
er
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
au
to
m
ati
o
n
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
s
er
ial
in
ter
f
ac
es
s
u
ch
as
RS
-
2
3
2
,
R
S
-
4
2
2
an
d
R
S
-
4
8
5
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
in
ter
f
ac
es
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
le
d
ata
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
etwe
en
d
ev
ices,
h
av
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
a
r
a
cter
is
tics
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
an
g
e,
s
p
ee
d
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
wh
ich
m
a
k
es
th
em
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
in
t
o
au
t
o
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
5
]
.
RS
-
2
3
2
was
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
in
ter
f
ac
es
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
ex
ch
an
g
in
g
d
ata
b
etwe
en
d
ata
ter
m
in
al
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
DT
E
)
d
ev
ices,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
an
d
d
ata
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
DC
E
)
d
ev
ices,
s
u
ch
as
m
o
d
em
s
an
d
r
o
u
ter
s
.
Data
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
,
with
o
u
t
in
ter
m
ed
iar
ies,
wh
ich
en
s
u
r
es
f
ast
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
b
etwe
en
d
ev
ices
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
allo
ws
d
ev
ices
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
v
er
r
elativ
ely
s
h
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
asic
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ain
s
t
elec
tr
ical
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
it
e
s
p
ec
ially
p
o
p
u
lar
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
i
al
an
d
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
er
e
s
tab
ilit
y
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
RS
-
4
2
2
is
an
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
th
at
ca
m
e
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
o
u
td
ated
R
S
-
2
3
2
in
ter
f
ac
e,
d
ef
in
in
g
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
(
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial)
d
at
a
ex
ch
an
g
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
u
s
in
g
t
wo
s
ep
ar
ate
wir
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
ig
n
al.
I
t
allo
ws
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
r
ates
a
n
d
m
in
im
iz
es
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
o
ten
tials
,
s
in
ce
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
u
s
ed
as
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
wir
e,
as
in
R
S
-
232
[
1
6
]
.
RS
-
4
8
5
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
an
d
r
eliab
le
in
ter
f
ac
es
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izin
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
B
ein
g
an
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
R
S
-
4
2
2
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
it
r
etain
s
s
u
ch
ad
v
an
tag
es
as
h
ig
h
d
at
a
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ate
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
b
u
t
h
as
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
-
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
a
lar
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
to
o
n
e
lin
e.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
R
S
-
4
8
5
an
id
ea
l
c
h
o
ice
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
p
o
in
t
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
co
m
p
lex
au
to
m
a
ted
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
6
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
wo
r
k
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
s
er
ial
in
ter
f
ac
es
R
S
-
2
3
2
,
R
S
-
4
2
2
an
d
R
S
-
4
8
5
,
k
ey
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
at
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
T
a
b
le
1
ar
e
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
et
er
s
o
f
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
ter
f
ac
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
5
0
6
-
5
5
1
4
5508
T
ab
le
1
.
Key
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
R
S
-
2
3
2
,
R
S
-
4
2
2
,
R
S
-
4
8
5
in
te
r
f
ac
es f
o
r
co
n
t
r
o
l sy
s
tem
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
D
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
sf
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
RS
-
2
3
2
RS
-
4
2
2
RS
-
4
8
5
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
si
g
n
a
l
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
S
i
n
g
l
e
p
h
a
se
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
s
1
10
U
p
t
o
2
5
6
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
a
b
l
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
,
i
n
m.
15
1
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
t
r
a
n
sf
e
r
r
a
t
e
4
6
0
k
b
p
s
1
0
M
b
p
s
1
0
M
b
p
s
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
s
e
n
si
t
i
v
i
t
y
3
V
2
0
0
mV
2
0
0
mV
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
ws th
at:
a.
T
h
e
RS
-
2
3
2
s
tan
d
ar
d
tr
an
s
m
i
ts
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
v
er
a
s
h
o
r
ter
d
is
tan
ce
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
o
th
e
r
in
ter
f
ac
es,
wh
ich
d
o
es n
o
t a
llo
w
its
u
s
e
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
te
m
s
.
b.
RS
-
4
2
2
an
d
R
S
-
4
8
5
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
er
s
en
s
itiv
ity
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
,
wh
ich
allo
ws
b
etter
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
n
o
is
e
an
d
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
c.
RS
-
4
2
2
an
d
R
S
-
4
8
5
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
ig
h
d
ata
t
r
an
s
f
e
r
r
ate
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
R
S
-
2
3
2
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
allo
win
g
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
tim
ely
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
ch
a
n
g
es a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
d.
RS
-
4
8
5
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
c
o
n
n
ec
t
th
e
la
r
g
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
eiv
er
s
,
wh
ich
allo
ws
th
e
a
u
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
tr
an
s
m
it m
o
r
e
d
ata
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
u
s
,
R
S
-
2
3
2
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
o
v
er
s
h
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
an
d
R
S
-
485
-
o
v
er
lo
n
g
d
is
t
an
ce
s
with
h
ig
h
er
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ate
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
is
wh
y
th
e
R
S
-
4
8
5
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
R
S
-
2
3
2
,
R
S
-
4
2
2
an
d
R
S
-
4
8
5
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
al
s
er
ial
b
u
s
(
USB
)
d
ig
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
tr
an
s
f
er
d
ata
f
r
o
m
p
er
ip
h
er
al
d
e
v
ic
es.
T
h
e
USB
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
"is
a
ca
b
le
with
4
wir
es:
two
o
f
th
em
s
u
p
p
ly
p
o
wer
(
5
V,
5
0
0
m
A)
to
th
e
d
ev
ice,
th
e
o
th
er
two
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
"
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
USB
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
h
ier
ar
ch
y
,
wh
er
e
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
ac
ts
as
th
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
o
l
d
ev
ice,
ca
lled
th
e
h
o
s
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
ices c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
it p
lay
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
lav
e
(
p
er
ip
h
er
al)
elem
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
.
Hav
in
g
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
is
in
te
r
f
ac
e
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
a
u
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
US
B
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
wh
e
n
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
ch
a
n
n
el.
Ov
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
USB
s
tan
d
ar
d
h
as
ev
o
lv
e
d
,
g
o
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
v
er
s
io
n
s
1
.
1
,
2
.
0
,
3
.
0
,
3
.
1
,
3
.
2
,
a
n
d
u
p
to
th
e
latest
v
er
s
io
n
4
.
0
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ates
o
f
u
p
to
4
0
Gb
p
s
[
2
0
]
,
m
ak
in
g
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata,
in
clu
d
in
g
au
d
io
,
v
id
eo
,
an
d
o
th
er
m
u
ltime
d
ia
f
iles
.
I
t
also
allo
ws
y
o
u
to
p
o
wer
an
e
x
ter
n
al
d
ev
ice
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
o
wer
lin
e
b
u
ilt
in
to
th
e
ca
b
le,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
ea
s
ier
to
co
n
n
ec
t
an
d
o
p
e
r
ate.
Ho
wev
er
,
it h
as a
h
u
g
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
i
n
th
at
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
ca
b
le
len
g
th
is
5
m
eter
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
cr
ea
t
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
wh
en
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
d
e
v
ices o
v
er
lo
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
E
th
er
n
et
-
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
n
e
two
r
k
s
tan
d
ar
d
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
lo
ca
l
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
co
n
n
e
ct
d
ev
ices
to
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et.
I
n
a
u
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
E
th
er
n
et
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
b
in
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
n
etwo
r
k
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
h
ig
h
d
ata
ex
c
h
an
g
e
r
ates
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
n
etwo
r
k
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
esp
ite
its
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
a
n
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ates,
E
th
er
n
et
was
n
o
t
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
a
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
wh
en
u
s
ed
in
au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
m
in
im
al
laten
cy
an
d
p
r
ed
ictab
ilit
y
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
ar
e
cr
itical.
Fo
r
s
u
ch
task
s
,
s
p
ec
ialized
E
th
er
n
et
-
b
ased
p
r
o
to
co
ls
s
u
ch
as
E
th
er
C
AT
o
r
PR
OFI
NE
T
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ad
ap
ted
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
An
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
allo
ws
u
s
to
lo
o
k
at
th
e
E
th
er
n
et
n
etwo
r
k
s
tan
d
ar
d
as
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
cr
ea
te
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
E
th
e
r
n
et
n
et
wo
r
k
s
,
d
u
e
to
th
ei
r
o
p
en
n
ess
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
,
h
av
e
m
ad
e
th
em
p
o
p
u
lar
in
t
h
e
o
f
f
ice
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Sin
ce
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
as
o
f
f
ice
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
is
s
i
m
p
lifie
s
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
o
p
en
s
u
p
n
ew
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
m
p
t
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
w
h
ich
was p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
o
r
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Mo
d
er
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
E
th
er
n
et,
s
u
ch
as
1
0
Gig
ab
it
E
th
er
n
et,
allo
w
y
o
u
to
tr
a
n
s
f
er
la
r
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
at
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
.
I
t
is
also
e
asil
y
s
ca
lab
le,
allo
win
g
y
o
u
to
ad
d
n
ew
d
ev
ices
an
d
ex
p
a
n
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
with
o
u
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
to
th
e
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
th
er
n
et
as
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
n
etwo
r
k
h
as
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
at
th
e
p
r
esen
t tim
e.
Po
we
r
li
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
io
n
(
P
L
C
)
is
a
d
ata
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
u
s
es
e
x
is
ti
n
g
p
o
wer
li
n
es
o
r
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
lies
as
a
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
s
m
itt
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
.
D
ata
is
tr
an
s
m
it
te
d
u
s
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
p
u
ls
es
th
at
m
o
d
u
l
ate
s
ig
n
als,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
a
b
il
it
y
t
o
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
u
s
e
t
h
e
l
in
e
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
K
o
r
o
t
c
h
e
n
k
o
a
n
d
Nat
ash
in
a
s
t
ate
in
t
h
ei
r
a
r
ti
cle
t
h
at
“t
h
e
m
i
cr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
le
r
o
f
th
e
PLC
n
etw
o
r
k
en
s
u
r
es
d
a
ta
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
e
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
,
an
d
g
e
n
e
r
al
ap
p
l
ic
ati
o
n
s
wit
h
o
u
t
a
d
d
iti
o
n
al
d
ed
ica
te
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
io
n
l
in
es.
Us
in
g
t
h
e
PLC
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
s
ig
n
al
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
t
io
n
o
f
n
et
wo
r
k
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
ls
b
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
m
ic
r
o
p
r
o
c
es
s
o
r
,
i
t
is
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Da
ta
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
fo
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
men
t o
f
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
…
(
I
r
in
a
R
a
s
tvo
r
o
va
)
5509
o
r
g
an
ize
a
r
el
ia
b
l
e
n
etw
o
r
k
f
o
r
d
at
a
e
x
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
d
i
g
it
al
d
e
v
i
ce
s
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
l
in
e,
w
h
ile
th
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
t
o
lay
a
d
d
it
io
n
al
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
n
etw
o
r
k
c
a
b
les
”
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
p
o
wer
lin
es
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
“e
n
er
g
y
(
tele
m
ec
h
an
ics,
SC
ADA
(
AP
C
S),
telep
h
o
n
y
,
AM
R
)
,
au
to
m
atic
an
d
d
is
p
atch
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ce
n
tr
aliz
ed
en
er
g
y
m
eter
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
o
il,
g
as
an
d
co
al
m
i
n
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
”
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
6
]
em
p
h
asize
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
PLC
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
in
th
e
elec
t
r
ical
co
m
p
lex
o
f
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t p
o
in
ts
th
at
ar
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lt to
r
ea
ch
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
PL
C
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
th
at
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
n
ee
d
to
la
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
wir
es
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
b
u
t
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
th
e
p
o
wer
wir
es
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
,
wh
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
wo
r
k
.
An
d
also
a
f
air
ly
h
ig
h
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e,
r
ea
ch
in
g
ten
s
o
f
k
ilo
m
eter
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es in
clu
d
e
lo
w
n
o
i
s
e
im
m
u
n
ity
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
o
n
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
p
o
wer
lin
es o
r
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
.
3
.
2
.
Nea
r
-
f
ield wir
eless
t
ec
h
no
lo
g
ies
T
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
wir
el
ess
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
u
s
in
g
wir
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
cr
ea
te
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
,
co
n
tr
o
l,
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
an
d
au
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
an
d
wir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
as
a
k
ey
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
is
to
"simp
lify
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ea
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
e
b
etter
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
(
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es)
an
d
,
f
in
ally
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
life
"
[
3
0
]
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
"will
m
ak
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
an
d
en
er
g
y
u
s
e"
[
3
1
]
.
W
ir
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
allo
w
ac
h
iev
in
g
h
ig
h
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
i
cien
cy
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
m
an
a
g
in
g
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
es
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
b
y
cu
s
to
m
izin
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
in
tellig
en
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Glo
b
al
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
GSM
)
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
m
eter
in
g
d
ev
ices v
ia
a
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
a
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
-
a
d
ev
ice
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
v
ia
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
a
n
n
els.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
SIM
ca
r
d
to
o
p
er
ate,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
id
en
tific
atio
n
in
th
e
m
o
b
ile
o
p
er
ato
r
'
s
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le'
s
o
p
er
atin
g
ar
ea
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
ar
ea
s
co
v
er
ed
b
y
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
'
s
ce
ll
to
wer
s
,
wh
ic
h
m
a
k
es
it
a
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
to
o
l
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
o
n
e
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
is
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
,
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
also
n
ee
d
ed
th
at
will
in
ter
ac
t w
ith
th
e
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
to
r
ec
eiv
e
an
d
is
s
u
e
co
m
m
an
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
G
SM
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
[
3
2
]
–
[
3
5
]
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ex
am
p
les
o
f
u
s
in
g
GSM
n
et
wo
r
k
s
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ar
ea
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
m
e
d
icin
e,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
as
well
as
in
s
m
ar
t
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
GSM
m
o
d
u
le
in
clu
d
e
wid
e
co
v
e
r
ag
e,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l
a
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
SIM
ca
r
d
s
er
v
ice
f
ee
an
d
u
n
s
tab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
in
ar
ea
s
r
em
o
te
f
r
o
m
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
.
B
lu
eto
o
th
,
W
i
-
Fi,
an
d
Z
i
g
B
ee
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
wir
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
p
er
atin
g
in
th
e
2
.
4
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
a
u
to
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
in
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
d
ev
ices.
B
lu
eto
o
th
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
wh
ich
c
o
m
p
lies
with
th
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
s
tan
d
a
r
d
,
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
p
i
o
n
ee
r
in
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
wir
eless
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ata
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
W
PAN
-
wir
eles
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
)
.
B
lu
eto
o
th
is
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
an
g
e
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
1
0
-
1
0
0
m
)
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
[
3
6
]
.
Du
e
to
its
v
er
s
atility
an
d
lo
w
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
B
lu
eto
o
t
h
h
as b
ec
o
m
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
in
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
.
Wi
-
Fi
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
Dev
ices
o
f
th
is
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
at
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
o
f
2
.
4
o
r
5
.
0
GHz
an
d
with
a
ch
a
n
n
el
wid
th
o
f
2
0
to
4
0
MH
z,
w
h
ich
allo
wed
“to
r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
b
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
5
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
an
g
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
2
.
4
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
”
[
3
7
]
.
Z
ig
B
ee
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4
s
tan
d
a
r
d
,
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
lo
w
-
s
p
ee
d
m
u
ltip
o
in
t
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
t
is
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
r
elia
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Z
ig
B
ee
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
u
p
to
9
0
m
eter
s
i
n
d
o
o
r
s
an
d
u
p
to
4
k
ilo
m
eter
s
in
o
p
e
n
ar
ea
s
with
d
ir
ec
t v
is
ib
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
n
o
d
es
[
3
8
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
wir
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
B
lu
eto
o
th
,
W
i
-
Fi
an
d
Z
ig
B
ee
in
wo
r
k
s
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
0
]
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
ain
p
o
in
ts
ca
n
b
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
:
a.
Wi
-
Fi
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
tr
an
s
m
it
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata,
s
u
c
h
as
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
v
id
e
o
,
Hi
-
Fi
au
d
io
o
r
v
o
ice
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
d
u
e
to
its
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
an
d
b
r
o
ad
b
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Ho
wev
er
,
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
r
awb
ac
k
is
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
m
ak
es
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
less
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
esp
ec
i
ally
wh
er
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
d
ev
ices is r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
b.
B
lu
eto
o
th
d
ev
ices
co
n
s
u
m
e
le
s
s
en
er
g
y
an
d
h
a
v
e
a
s
h
o
r
ter
r
an
g
e.
D
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
r
an
g
e,
B
lu
eto
o
th
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t m
o
r
e
d
e
v
ices in
o
n
e
a
r
ea
,
wh
ich
allo
ws b
etter
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
le
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
c.
Z
ig
B
ee
h
as
th
e
lo
west
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
b
u
t
at
t
h
e
s
am
e
tim
e
th
e
lo
west
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ate.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
allo
ws
co
v
er
in
g
f
air
ly
la
r
g
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ar
ea
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
5
0
6
-
5
5
1
4
5510
3
.
3
L
o
ng
-
ra
ng
e
wire
less
t
ec
hn
o
l
o
g
ies
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
an
g
e
wir
eless
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
d
escr
ib
ed
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
also
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
wid
e
-
b
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
L
PW
AN)
.
I
t
i
s
id
ea
l
f
o
r
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
o
n
ly
n
ee
d
to
tr
an
s
m
it
s
m
al
l
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
v
e
r
lo
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
L
PW
AN
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
lo
n
g
r
an
g
e
wid
e
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
(
L
o
R
aWAN
)
an
d
Sig
Fo
x
in
u
n
licen
s
ed
I
S
M
an
d
L
T
E
-
M
b
an
d
s
an
d
n
a
r
r
o
wb
an
d
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
NB
-
I
o
T
)
in
licen
s
ed
o
n
es
[
4
1
]
,
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
licat
io
n
s
[
4
1
]
–
[
4
3
]
p
r
esen
t
an
an
aly
s
is
o
f
L
PW
AN
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
th
at
wir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
wid
e
-
b
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
g
en
e
r
ally
p
r
o
v
id
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
NB
-
I
o
T
is
a
ce
llu
lar
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
telem
etr
y
d
e
v
ices
with
lo
w
d
ata
v
o
l
u
m
es.
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
2
0
0
k
Hz,
a
m
ax
im
u
m
p
ay
lo
ad
s
ize
o
f
1
6
0
0
b
y
te
s
an
d
an
u
n
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
p
ac
k
et
s
p
er
d
ay
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
NB
-
I
o
T
g
u
ar
an
t
ee
s
a
b
atter
y
life
o
f
u
p
to
1
0
y
ea
r
s
f
o
r
its
d
ev
ice
s
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
p
r
esen
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
NB
-
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies an
d
clo
u
d
s
to
r
ag
e
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
L
o
n
g
r
an
g
e
(
L
o
R
a
)
is
a
wir
el
ess
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
o
p
er
ates
in
th
e
u
n
licen
s
ed
r
an
g
e
b
elo
w
1
GHz
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
r
a
n
g
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
u
p
t
o
1
5
k
m
)
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
ltra
-
lo
w
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
a
b
atter
y
life
o
f
u
p
to
1
5
y
ea
r
s
.
L
o
R
aWAN
is
a
L
o
R
a
-
b
ased
n
etwo
r
k
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
n
o
d
e
s
an
d
g
atew
ay
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
an
g
e
is
f
r
o
m
a
f
ew
m
eter
s
to
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
0
0
k
m
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
in
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lo
n
g
r
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
r
esis
tan
ce
to
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
[
4
1
]
,
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
Stu
d
ies
[
4
7
]
–
[
4
9
]
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
L
o
R
a
an
d
L
o
R
aWAN
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
tele
m
etr
y
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iew
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
en
tio
n
ed
d
ata
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
an
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
w
as
p
lan
n
ed
an
d
o
r
g
an
ized
in
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
to
d
ep
lo
y
a
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
o
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
,
w
h
ich
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
r
o
tar
y
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
:
i)
R
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
(
en
co
d
e
r
)
;
ii)
Vib
r
atio
n
s
en
s
o
r
(
ac
ce
ler
o
m
eter
)
;
an
d
iii)
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
th
er
m
o
c
o
u
p
le
)
.
T
h
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
wer
e
test
ed
:
i)
Z
ig
B
ee
(
XB
ee
S2
C
)
;
ii)
B
lu
eto
o
th
(
HC
-
0
6
)
;
i
ii)
L
o
R
aWAN (
R
N2
4
8
3
)
;
iv
)
NB
-
I
o
T
(
B
C
9
5
)
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
to
a
p
er
s
o
n
al
c
o
m
p
u
ter
at
a
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
1
0
-
1
5
m
eter
s
.
F
ir
s
t,
all
s
en
s
o
r
s
wer
e
test
ed
in
a
s
tatic
m
o
d
e
with
o
u
t
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
th
en
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
o
p
er
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
at
ex
tr
e
m
e
v
alu
es.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t,
all
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
co
p
ed
with
th
eir
task
an
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
ig
h
r
esis
tan
ce
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
a
wo
r
k
i
n
g
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
an
d
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
f
o
r
u
s
e
a
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ch
an
n
els
at
r
ea
l
o
b
jects.
Fo
r
s
h
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
B
lu
eto
o
th
o
r
Z
ig
B
ee
ar
e
b
etter
s
u
ite
d
,
an
d
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
: L
o
R
aWAN o
r
NB
-
I
o
T
.
Als
o
,
an
attem
p
t
to
tr
an
s
m
it
d
ata
u
s
in
g
PLC
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
in
g
two
B
L
6
8
1
0
m
o
d
em
s
was
m
ad
e
o
n
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
a
lo
ad
-
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
b
l
e,
an
an
alo
g
u
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
o
n
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
in
th
e
Ar
ctic
.
T
h
er
e
was a
PL
C
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
a
co
m
p
u
ter
o
n
b
o
th
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t,
it
was
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
s
en
d
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
e
a
s
ig
n
al
v
ia
th
e
p
o
we
r
ca
b
le.
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
,
it
is
p
la
n
n
ed
to
co
n
d
u
ct
test
s
u
n
d
er
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
cr
ea
ted
b
y
t
h
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Da
ta
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
fo
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
men
t o
f
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
…
(
I
r
in
a
R
a
s
tvo
r
o
va
)
5511
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
E
ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
e
n
tio
n
e
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
h
as
its
o
wn
u
n
iq
u
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
o
f
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
i
g
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ics
o
f
th
e
task
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
ep
lo
y
a
wir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
,
tak
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
d
ev
ic
es
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
it
th
em
to
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
'
s
co
n
s
o
le
u
s
in
g
B
lu
eto
o
th
o
r
Z
ig
B
ee
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
o
r
to
a
co
n
tr
o
l
ce
n
tr
e
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
lo
ca
te
d
f
ar
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
,
u
s
in
g
NB
-
I
o
T
o
r
L
o
R
aWAN
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
v
e
r
p
o
wer
lin
es
(
PLC)
[
2
5
]
will
also
b
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
t
r
an
s
m
itti
n
g
d
ata
o
v
er
an
e
x
is
tin
g
p
o
wer
g
r
id
,
an
d
th
is
is
“o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
est
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
b
etwe
en
co
s
ts
an
d
b
en
ef
its
wh
en
i
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ettin
g
s
”
[
2
6
]
.
PLC
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
als
o
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
r
ec
eiv
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
d
r
illi
n
g
to
o
l,
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
v
e
r
a
lo
ad
-
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
b
le.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
e
v
elo
p
an
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
co
m
p
lex
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
o
th
o
n
-
s
ite
an
d
r
e
m
o
tely
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
p
l
an
n
ed
to
test
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
o
f
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
u
n
d
er
a
d
d
itio
n
al
g
en
er
ato
r
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
n
a
n
Ar
ctic
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
v
ia
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
els
an
d
p
r
o
m
p
tly
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ch
an
g
es
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
p
a
p
er
s
[
5
0
]
–
[
5
2
]
s
tu
d
y
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
illi
n
g
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
[
5
3
]
p
r
esen
ts
a
wo
r
k
f
l
o
w
u
s
in
g
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
c
e,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
f
wh
ich
allo
w
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
p
en
etr
ati
o
n
r
ate
b
y
4
3
% a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
esis
tan
ce
to
twis
tin
g
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
[
5
4
]
also
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
an
alg
o
r
i
th
m
f
o
r
“m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
ich
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
v
ailab
l
e
“c
lean
”
in
p
u
t
d
ata
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
co
u
ld
co
r
r
elate
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
s
elec
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
an
d
u
s
e
th
em
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
r
o
ck
s
,
p
r
ed
ictin
g
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
”
[
5
4
]
,
an
d
also
“t
o
p
r
e
d
ict
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
th
e
well
with
o
u
t
s
to
p
p
in
g
it”
[
5
5
]
,
[
5
6
]
.
All
t
h
is
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
cr
ea
te
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
y
s
tem
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
m
in
i
m
izin
g
th
e
co
s
ts
o
f
tim
e
an
d
m
ater
ial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
5
7
]
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Data
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
au
t
o
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
it
en
s
u
r
es
r
eliab
le
an
d
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
d
ev
ices.
W
ith
o
u
t
a
g
o
o
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
ch
an
n
el,
s
u
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
m
ay
f
ac
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
d
ata
l
o
s
s
,
d
ela
y
s
in
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
T
h
is
ar
tic
le
r
ev
iewe
d
m
o
d
er
n
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
o
n
es
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
lex
o
f
a
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
,
B
lu
eto
o
th
,
Z
ig
B
ee
,
NB
-
I
o
T
,
an
d
L
o
R
aWAN
s
tan
d
o
u
t,
wh
ich
i
d
ea
lly
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
if
f
icu
lt
d
r
illi
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
b
u
t
als
o
elim
in
ate
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
lay
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
wir
es,
wh
ic
h
g
r
e
atly
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
PLC
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
th
f
o
r
telem
etr
y
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
b
etwe
en
th
e
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
d
r
illi
n
g
r
ig
,
an
d
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izin
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
th
e
b
o
tto
m
h
o
le
.
I
t
is
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
u
s
e
i
n
d
r
illi
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
b
u
t
r
eq
u
i
r
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
e
in
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t
is
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
d
ata
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
d
e
v
ices th
at
co
n
t
r
o
l th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
d
r
illi
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
I
r
in
a
R
astv
o
r
o
v
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ser
g
ei
T
r
u
f
a
n
o
v
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
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R
:
R
e
so
u
r
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e
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D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
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O
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W
r
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t
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-
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r
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a
l
D
r
a
f
t
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:
W
r
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R
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&
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d
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Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
e
r
20
25
:
5
5
0
6
-
5
5
1
4
5512
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
e
h
av
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t f
r
o
m
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als in
c
lu
d
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
a
p
p
li
ca
b
le
to
th
is
p
ap
er
as
n
o
n
e
w
d
ata
wer
e
c
r
ea
ted
o
r
an
al
y
ze
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
V
.
V
N
e
s
k
o
r
o
m
n
y
k
h
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
P
o
p
o
v
a
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
a
d
r
i
l
l
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Mi
n
i
n
g
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
0
1
–
7
1
0
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
1
8
9
7
/
P
M
I
.
2
0
1
9
.
6
.
7
0
1
.
[
2
]
A
.
K
u
n
sh
i
n
,
M
.
D
v
o
y
n
i
k
o
v
,
E.
T
i
m
a
sh
e
v
,
a
n
d
V
.
S
t
a
r
i
k
o
v
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
f
o
r
e
c
a
st
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
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[
3
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V
.
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me
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y
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o
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rn
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l
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f
Pe
t
ro
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[
4
]
V
.
I
sh
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.
M
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.
[
5
]
V
.
Li
t
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M
.
D
v
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mo
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r
s,
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o
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1
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5
.
[
6
]
Y
.
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o
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,
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.
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.
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d
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.
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o
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w
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,
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n
f
o
rm
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t
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o
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v
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.
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3
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2
.
[
7
]
X
.
C
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l
.
,
“
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r
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me
d
r
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c
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.
[
8
]
I
.
A
.
S
t
e
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.
A
.
K
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.
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D
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so
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6
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.
[
9
]
N
.
Tr
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,
A
.
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.
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t
:
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,
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i
n
I
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t
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l
C
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T
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T
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a
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t
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:
A
N
e
w
R
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r
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m
a
n
,
M
a
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p
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[
1
0
]
G
.
C
.
D
o
w
n
t
o
n
,
“
C
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a
l
l
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m
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d
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l
l
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g
s
y
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f
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o
f
a
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t
o
ma
t
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o
n
a
n
d
c
o
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t
r
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l
,
”
I
F
AC
Pro
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d
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s
Vo
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v
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-
4
0
2
0
.
0
0
0
5
4
.
[
1
1
]
E
.
A
.
L
o
e
k
e
n
,
A
.
T
r
u
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,
A
.
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.
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.
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s
k
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.
S
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,
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n
d
R
.
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w
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l
d
,
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e
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g
,
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O
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v
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5
6
.
[
1
2
]
K
.
V
G
o
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n
s
k
i
y
a
n
d
V
.
A
.
S
y
a
s
k
o
,
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M
e
t
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,
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se
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8
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3
.
[
1
3
]
A
.
V
Te
p
l
y
a
k
o
v
a
,
A
.
M
.
A
z
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m
o
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a
n
d
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.
A
.
Zh
u
k
o
v
,
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mp
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men
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ma
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ssem
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n
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2
0
.
[
1
4
]
A
.
A
.
M
.
,
A
.
A
.
,
R
.
R
o
y
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
u
n
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l
,
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P
r
e
d
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c
t
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b
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g
d
a
t
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a
n
a
l
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r
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l
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g
d
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w
n
h
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l
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p
r
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b
l
e
ms
:
a
r
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v
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e
w
,
”
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9
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[
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7
]
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[
3
8
]
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3
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,
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[
3
9
]
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.
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[
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Pro
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[
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1
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4
2
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R
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