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Me
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ical
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[
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14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
4
8
7
-
4
4
9
7
4488
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ts
;
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
lex
in
te
r
p
lay
b
etwe
en
T
h
ai
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alu
es,
p
ar
e
n
tin
g
s
ty
les,
an
d
d
ig
ital
b
eh
av
io
r
s
;
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ic
al
lim
itatio
n
s
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
lo
y
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
t
atis
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ill
-
s
u
ited
to
th
e
em
er
g
en
t,
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
n
atu
r
e
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cts.
C
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical,
f
am
ilial,
a
n
d
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
.
R
esil
ien
ce
s
er
v
es
as
a
k
ey
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
,
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
Gr
o
tb
er
g
[
9
]
as
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
t
o
r
ec
o
v
er
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
icu
lties
an
d
ad
ap
t
p
o
s
itiv
ely
to
ch
allen
g
es.
W
er
n
er
[
1
0
]
id
e
n
tifie
d
f
o
u
r
c
r
itical
r
esil
ien
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
:
p
r
o
b
lem
-
f
o
cu
s
e
d
co
p
i
n
g
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
tem
p
er
am
en
t,
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
c
h
allen
g
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
an
d
s
elf
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
wh
ich
s
tr
en
g
th
en
r
esis
tan
ce
to
h
ar
m
f
u
l
d
i
g
ital
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
Self
-
esteem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
h
o
w
ad
o
lescen
ts
in
ter
ac
t
o
n
lin
e.
C
o
o
p
er
s
m
ith
[
1
1
]
d
escr
ib
es
h
ea
lth
y
s
elf
-
esteem
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
ass
er
tiv
en
ess
,
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
,
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
o
cial
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
cy
b
er
b
u
ll
y
in
g
is
co
m
p
lex
,
wh
ile
lo
w
s
elf
-
esteem
in
cr
ea
s
es
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
to
b
ec
o
m
in
g
p
e
r
p
etr
ato
r
s
an
d
v
ictim
s
,
ar
tific
ially
in
f
lated
s
elf
-
esteem
m
a
y
d
r
iv
e
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
o
n
lin
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
as c
o
m
p
en
s
atio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Par
en
tin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
cr
u
cially
s
h
ap
e
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
s
e
lf
-
esteem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Au
t
h
o
r
itar
ian
p
ar
en
tin
g
(
AUT
)
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
iz
ed
b
y
s
tr
ict
co
n
tr
o
l
with
lim
i
ted
em
o
tio
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
[
1
3
]
,
o
f
te
n
f
ails
to
n
u
r
tu
r
e
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
k
ills
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
o
n
lin
e
co
n
d
u
ct.
Sch
ae
f
er
[
1
4
]
id
e
n
tifie
d
th
r
ee
cr
itical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
-
r
ejec
tio
n
,
f
ir
m
-
la
x
co
n
t
r
o
l,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
f
am
ily
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
f
o
s
ter
o
r
in
h
ib
it
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
i
n
g
ten
d
e
n
cies.
T
h
ese
f
am
ily
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
p
e
r
ate
with
in
b
r
o
ad
e
r
m
ed
ia
co
n
tex
ts
th
at
s
h
ap
e
ad
o
lescen
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
Po
tter
[
1
5
]
d
escr
ib
e
d
s
ix
in
t
er
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
ed
ia
ef
f
ec
ts
:
co
g
n
itiv
e,
b
elief
s
,
attit
u
d
es,
af
f
ec
tiv
e
,
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical,
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al,
wh
ich
c
o
llectiv
ely
n
o
r
m
alize
o
r
ch
allen
g
e
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
d
ig
ital
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
T
h
is
m
ed
ia
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
in
ter
ac
ts
with
f
am
ily
d
y
n
am
ics,
p
o
ten
tially
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
o
r
c
o
u
n
ter
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r
itar
ian
m
ess
ag
es.
T
h
es
e
f
ac
to
r
s
m
a
n
if
est
with
in
ad
o
lescen
ts
'
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
Hin
d
u
ja
an
d
Patch
in
[
1
6
]
in
d
icate
d
th
at
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
attac
h
m
en
ts
cr
ea
te
s
o
cial
b
o
n
d
s
th
at
in
h
ib
it
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
o
cial
co
s
ts
o
f
an
tis
o
cial
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
Ko
walsk
i
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
id
en
tifie
d
k
ey
p
r
o
tectiv
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
q
u
alities
in
clu
d
in
g
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
tr
u
s
t,
a
n
d
in
tim
ac
y
,
wh
ic
h
co
llectiv
ely
p
r
o
tect
a
d
o
lescen
ts
f
r
o
m
en
g
ag
in
g
in
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
.
An
an
aly
s
is
o
f
2
4
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
in
ter
n
al
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
elf
-
esteem
(
2
5
%
o
f
s
tu
d
ies)
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
(
2
1
%
o
f
s
tu
d
ies),
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
elem
en
ts
with
in
th
is
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
AUT
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
(
2
9
%
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies)
an
d
m
e
d
ia
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
(
3
3
%
o
f
s
tu
d
ies).
T
h
e
an
ticip
ated
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
est
a
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
p
atter
n
wh
er
e
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t
d
y
n
am
ically
.
Self
-
esteem
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
1
]
with
r
esil
ien
ce
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
as
a
cr
u
cial
m
ed
iatin
g
v
a
r
iab
le
th
at
n
o
t
o
n
ly
d
ir
ec
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
ten
d
en
cies
b
u
t
also
b
u
f
f
er
s
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
AUT
a
n
d
h
ar
m
f
u
l
m
e
d
ia
m
ess
ag
es
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
ese
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
m
e
an
s
th
at
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
ad
d
r
ess
o
n
e
f
ac
to
r
in
is
o
latio
n
will
lik
ely
p
r
o
v
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t;
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
r
eq
u
i
r
es
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
is
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
So
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
d
er
ate
th
ese
d
y
n
am
ics,
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
n
f
lict
r
eso
lu
tio
n
th
at
co
u
n
ter
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
o
ten
tially
lear
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
AUT
o
r
m
e
d
ia
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
T
o
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
l
o
y
s
s
tatis
t
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
co
m
p
o
s
ite
an
aly
s
is
(
C
C
A)
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
an
em
er
g
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
wh
o
s
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ex
p
lain
e
d
b
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
v
a
r
iab
les
in
is
o
latio
n
[
2
2
]
.
Par
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
es
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
(
PL
S
-
SEM
)
o
f
f
er
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
r
e
d
ic
tiv
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
f
o
r
co
m
p
lex
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
an
d
g
r
ea
ter
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
in
h
a
n
d
lin
g
b
o
th
r
e
f
lectiv
e
an
d
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
els s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
lly
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
lo
wer
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
h
y
s
ical,
in
tellectu
al,
em
o
tio
n
al,
an
d
s
o
c
ial
ch
an
g
es
m
ak
in
g
th
em
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
t
o
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t c
r
is
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
two
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
m
ed
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
a
u
th
o
r
itar
ian
p
ar
en
ti
n
g
,
p
ee
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
s
elf
-
esteem
on
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
s
am
o
n
g
T
h
ai
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
?
ii)
T
o
wh
at
ex
ten
t
d
o
es
r
esil
ien
ce
m
ed
iate
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
ese
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
?
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
will
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
cu
ltu
r
ally
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
s
th
at
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
p
la
y
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
s
h
ap
in
g
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
s
in
th
e
T
h
ai
co
n
tex
t
an
d
p
o
ten
tially
o
th
er
co
llectiv
is
t so
cieties f
ac
in
g
s
i
m
ilar
ch
allen
g
es in
th
e
d
ig
ital
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e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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SS
N:
2252
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8
8
2
2
R
esil
ien
ce
a
s
a
s
h
ield
:
p
r
o
tect
ive
a
n
d
r
is
k
fa
cto
r
s
in
a
med
ia
tio
n
mo
d
el
o
f c
y
b
erb
u
llyin
g
…
(
Wir
a
n
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Ju
n
n
o
i
)
4489
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sa
m
ple a
nd
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
m
e
as
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
z
e
f
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
.
I
n
CCA
a
n
d
P
L
S
-
S
E
M
,
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
iz
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
ti
o
n
w
a
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
e
s
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
f
f
e
ct
s
i
z
e
(
f
²
)
o
f
0
.
2
5
,
s
t
at
is
t
i
ca
l
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
8
0
%
,
9
l
a
te
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
,
2
7
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
es
,
9
9
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el,
an
d
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
o
f
±
1
%.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
2
8
1
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
to
o
ls
f
r
o
m
h
ttp
://www.
d
an
iels
o
p
er
.
co
m
/s
tatca
lc
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
was
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
allo
ca
tio
n
s
am
p
lin
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
am
p
le
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
was r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
co
v
er
in
g
p
o
p
u
latio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
o
b
tain
in
g
tr
u
ly
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
les
to
p
r
ev
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
o
r
in
co
m
p
lete
d
ata.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
3
6
6
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
wh
ich
was
3
0
%
m
o
r
e
th
an
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t,
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
1
4
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
u
t
o
f
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
4
4
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
4
0
class
r
o
o
m
s
o
u
t
o
f
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
5
1
4
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
u
tn
u
m
b
er
ed
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
5
7
.
6
6
%
(
n
=2
1
1
)
wh
ile
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
m
p
r
is
ed
4
2
.
3
4
% (
n
=1
5
5
)
.
B
y
g
r
ad
e
lev
el,
g
r
ad
e
9
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
ad
th
e
h
ig
h
est p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
at
3
6
.
6
1
% (
n
=1
3
4
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
g
r
ad
e
8
at
3
2
.
2
4
% (
n
=1
1
8
)
,
an
d
g
r
ad
e
7
at
3
1
.
1
5
% (
n
=1
1
4
)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tr
ict
g
u
id
elin
es
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
r
ig
h
ts
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
All
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
ex
p
lain
in
g
th
eir
r
ig
h
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
with
d
r
aw
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
at
an
y
tim
e
if
th
ey
f
elt
u
n
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
an
s
wer
in
g
an
y
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
all
d
ata
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wo
u
ld
b
e
k
ep
t
co
n
f
id
en
tial.
Up
o
n
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
leted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ex
clu
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
with
in
co
m
p
lete
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
r
r
ep
etitiv
e
an
s
wer
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
en
tire
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
3
6
6
u
s
ab
le
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ets.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
th
e
eth
ical
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
with
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
r
esp
ec
t f
o
r
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
r
ig
h
ts
.
2
.
2
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
o
n
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
lo
wer
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
er
th
e
L
am
p
an
g
-
L
am
p
h
u
n
Seco
n
d
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
Ser
v
ice
Ar
ea
Of
f
ice.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
liter
atu
r
e,
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
7
2
item
s
o
r
g
an
ized
in
to
3
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ec
tio
n
co
llected
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
g
en
er
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
clu
d
in
g
g
en
d
er
,
ag
e,
s
ch
o
o
l,
an
d
d
aily
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
u
s
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
an
d
f
ill
-
in
f
o
r
m
ats.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
ass
ess
ed
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
u
s
in
g
3
1
item
s
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
1
2
in
d
icato
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
ex
am
in
ed
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
with
4
1
item
s
co
v
er
in
g
1
5
in
d
icato
r
s
with
in
f
iv
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les.
B
o
th
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
an
d
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
“stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
/f
ee
l/b
eh
av
e”
(
5
)
to
“h
ar
d
ly
ag
r
ee
/f
ee
l/b
eh
av
e”
(
1
)
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
eg
in
s
with
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
to
estab
lis
h
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
th
en
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
with
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
item
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
MA
S
(
e.
g
.
,
I
h
av
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
o
r
em
b
ellis
h
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
o
th
er
s
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
)
;
E
XC
(
e.
g
.
,
I
h
av
e
d
elete
d
o
r
b
lo
ck
ed
p
eo
p
le
I
d
is
lik
e
f
r
o
m
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
)
;
HAR
(
e.
g
.
,
I
o
f
ten
s
en
d
r
ep
ea
ted
m
ess
ag
es
to
an
n
o
y
o
th
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
)
;
an
d
OUT
(
e.
g
.
,
I
th
in
k
it’s
f
u
n
to
s
h
ar
e
p
h
o
to
s
o
f
o
th
er
s
with
o
u
t
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
)
.
Similar
ly
,
item
s
r
elate
d
to
in
f
lu
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
iv
e
v
ar
iab
les:
r
esil
ien
ce
(
e.
g
.
,
I
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
y
em
o
tio
n
s
,
d
is
tr
ess
,
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
ess
u
r
es
)
,
s
elf
-
esteem
(
e.
g
.
,
I
b
eliev
e
m
y
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
r
esu
lts
I
ex
p
ec
t
)
,
m
ed
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
(
e.
g
.
,
I
u
s
e
n
o
v
el,
s
o
m
etim
es
u
n
cr
ea
tiv
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
f
r
o
m
m
ed
ia
in
m
y
d
aily
life
)
,
AUT
(
e.
g
.
,
My
p
ar
en
ts
o
r
g
u
ar
d
ian
s
d
o
n
’
t
allo
w
m
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
ex
p
r
ess
m
y
f
ee
lin
g
s
),
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
/n
etwo
r
k
s
(
e.
g
.
,
I
h
av
e
clo
s
e
f
r
ien
d
s
with
wh
o
m
I
ca
n
talk
an
d
s
h
ar
e
life
s
to
r
ies
)
.
Af
ter
in
itial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
th
e
d
r
af
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
s
u
b
m
itted
to
th
esis
ad
v
is
o
r
s
f
o
r
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
r
ev
is
ed
.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
v
er
s
io
n
was
th
en
p
r
esen
ted
to
f
o
u
r
ex
p
er
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
to
ass
ess
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
ts
ev
alu
ated
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
item
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
in
itio
n
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
d
ex
o
f
item
-
o
b
jectiv
e
co
n
g
r
u
en
ce
(
I
OC
)
.
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
I
OC
v
alu
es f
o
r
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
item
s
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
0
to
1
.
0
0
,
wh
ile
f
ac
to
r
s
in
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2
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3
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Ana
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Fo
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ass
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tu
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it
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m
u
ltip
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cr
iter
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ased
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Sch
u
b
er
th
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
:
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
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t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
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(
SR
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cr
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d
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an
d
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HI
9
9
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to
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e
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w
0
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0
8
0
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
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s
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r
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en
t
m
o
d
el
(
f
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ter
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el)
was
ass
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th
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h
CCA
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s
in
g
Hair
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
cr
iter
ia:
v
ar
ian
ce
in
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
VI
F)
b
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m
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ltico
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ity
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t
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ts
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t
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9
6
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,
an
d
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o
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ican
t
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s
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g
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5
.
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h
e
s
tr
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ctu
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al
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o
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el
ev
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am
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ed
p
ath
co
ef
f
icien
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f
o
r
s
tatis
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ig
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ican
ce
[
2
8
]
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icien
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eter
m
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²
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5
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m
all,
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izes
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1
5
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3
5
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ep
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m
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lex
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ip
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Fu
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ates
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ay
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ce
ed
1
o
r
b
ec
o
m
e
n
eg
ativ
e.
Neg
ativ
e
VAF
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ts
h
av
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
s
ig
n
s
,
wh
ile
VAF
v
alu
es
ex
ce
ed
in
g
1
m
ay
ar
is
e
wh
en
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
is
lar
g
er
th
an
th
e
TE
.
B
o
th
in
s
tan
ce
s
d
o
n
’
t
in
d
icate
an
aly
tical
er
r
o
r
s
b
u
t
r
ath
er
s
ig
n
al
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
ed
iatio
n
,
wh
er
e
b
o
th
in
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t b
u
t o
p
er
ate
in
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
(
a×
b
×c
<0
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
ese
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
ed
iatio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
wh
er
e
‘
a
’
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
’
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
m
ed
iato
r
,
‘
b
’
d
en
o
tes
th
e
m
ed
iato
r
'
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le,
an
d
‘
c
’
in
d
icate
s
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le.
W
h
en
th
ese
p
ath
way
s
co
u
n
ter
ac
t
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
th
ey
o
f
ten
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
TE
as
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
ca
n
ce
l
o
u
t.
R
ath
er
th
an
d
is
m
is
s
in
g
th
ese
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
v
alid
ates
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esized
m
ed
iato
r
wh
ile
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
ed
iato
r
s
wo
r
k
in
g
in
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
Fo
llo
win
g
Z
h
ao
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
io
r
itizes
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
test
in
g
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
o
ten
tially
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
to
v
alu
ab
le
th
eo
r
etica
l in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
g
u
id
e
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
ed
iatin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
CCA
r
ev
ea
led
s
tr
o
n
g
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
al
v
alid
ity
f
o
r
th
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cy
b
er
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lly
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r
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t
m
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d
el
am
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m
id
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T
h
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f
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1
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0
8
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r
esh
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I
n
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icato
r
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ts
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r
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2
4
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6
2
3
3
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with
all
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r
s
s
h
o
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t
atis
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ig
n
if
ican
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at
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0
1
.
t
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h
t
v
alu
es
f
o
r
all
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d
ic
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s
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ce
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ed
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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SS
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
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ce
a
s
a
s
h
ield
:
p
r
o
tect
ive
a
n
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r
is
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r
s
in
a
med
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llyin
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(
Wir
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Ju
n
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4491
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
1
.
9
6
,
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
.
6
5
4
3
(
HAR2
)
to
9
.
1
6
5
5
(
E
XC
2
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
th
eir
s
tatis
tica
l
s
ig
n
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ican
ce
.
T
h
e
h
ig
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est
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h
ts
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e
o
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s
er
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ed
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o
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E
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6
2
3
3
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t
=
9
.
1
6
5
5
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,
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S1
(
0
.
4
6
6
1
,
t
=5
.
2
5
5
6
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,
an
d
HAR1
(
0
.
4
6
2
2
,
t
=6
.
6
1
6
2
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.
Mu
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
ass
ess
m
en
t
y
ield
ed
VI
F
v
al
u
es
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1
2
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n
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4
4
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th
e
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itical
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esh
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3
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n
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ir
m
in
g
th
e
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s
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ce
o
f
m
u
ltico
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r
ity
is
s
u
es.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
e
r
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
-
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
m
o
d
el
d
is
p
lay
ed
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
with
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata,
with
i
n
d
icato
r
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h
ts
o
f
0
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3
1
3
1
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r
o
s
s
all
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o
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r
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o
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ts
(
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S,
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,
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an
d
OUT
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r
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ab
ly
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i
g
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t
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t
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5
6
.
3
6
7
7
)
,
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em
o
n
s
tr
atin
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eir
r
o
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u
s
t
s
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ical
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ig
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s
h
o
wn
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T
ab
le
1
.
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o
ad
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g
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alu
es
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an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
0
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7
8
8
9
to
0
.
8
0
6
1
,
f
u
r
th
er
v
alid
atin
g
t
h
e
h
ier
a
r
ch
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
T
ab
le
1
.
CCA
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t m
o
d
els o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
I
n
d
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c
a
t
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F
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r
st
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A
S
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6
1
5
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2
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5
6
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1
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4
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1
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6
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S
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3
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2
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S
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EX
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EX
C
1
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3
5
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8
1
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1
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5
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6
7
7
0
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7
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6
1
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7
1
1
7
EX
C
2
0
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6
2
3
3
9
.
1
6
5
5
0
.
8
6
4
9
1
.
3
2
6
9
EX
C
3
0
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3
1
7
9
4
.
1
0
0
8
0
.
7
3
9
8
1
.
3
9
5
3
HAR
H
A
R
1
0
.
4
6
2
2
6
.
6
1
6
2
0
.
8
0
8
2
1
.
4
0
6
7
0
.
3
1
3
1
5
6
.
3
6
7
7
0
.
8
0
6
1
1
.
7
5
8
2
H
A
R
2
0
.
2
4
2
1
2
.
6
5
4
3
0
.
7
6
1
8
1
.
6
4
4
6
H
A
R
3
0
.
5
1
9
1
6
.
2
6
7
0
0
.
8
5
1
5
1
.
5
0
2
6
OUT
O
U
T1
0
.
3
0
0
8
4
.
0
2
8
1
0
.
7
1
8
7
1
.
3
9
1
1
0
.
3
1
3
1
5
6
.
3
6
7
7
0
.
8
0
2
2
1
.
7
1
7
5
O
U
T2
0
.
3
9
6
2
5
.
2
3
2
7
0
.
7
8
2
4
1
.
4
2
8
3
O
U
T3
0
.
5
5
6
9
7
.
1
8
6
4
0
.
8
5
0
8
1
.
3
1
3
2
T
h
e
PLS
-
SEM
an
aly
s
is
ex
am
in
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
h
o
wed
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
m
o
d
el
f
it
(
SR
MR=0
.
0
4
6
9
,
d
U
LS
=0
.
4
1
8
7
,
d
G
=0
.
1
1
5
3
)
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hu
an
d
B
en
tler
cr
ite
r
ia
[
2
6
]
,
th
e
SR
MR
v
alu
e
b
elo
w
0
.
0
8
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
ad
eq
u
ate
m
o
d
el
f
it.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
r
ev
ea
le
d
v
ar
y
i
n
g
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
am
o
n
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
les.
W
ith
in
th
e
CB
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
E
XC
s
h
o
wed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
weig
h
t
(
0
.
5
0
1
9
,
t
=1
.
8
7
7
8
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
HAR
(
0
.
5
2
6
1
,
t
=1
.
9
7
1
1
)
,
MA
S
(
0
.
1
7
1
6
,
t
=0
.
6
0
9
2
)
,
an
d
OUT
(
0
.
0
7
2
7
,
t
=0
.
3
6
5
7
)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
t
-
weig
h
t
v
al
u
e
s
f
ell
b
elo
w
th
e
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
1
.
9
6
(
i
n
d
icatin
g
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
weig
h
ts
at
p
<.
0
5
)
,
Hair
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
g
u
id
elin
es
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
two
-
s
tag
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
in
d
icato
r
s
.
W
h
en
weig
h
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
f
ails
to
m
ee
t
cr
ite
r
ia,
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
am
in
e
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
’
ab
s
o
lu
te
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
l
o
ad
in
g
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
lo
ad
in
g
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
(
E
XC
=0
.
8
4
5
1
,
HAR=0
.
7
9
2
1
,
MA
S=0
.
6
9
5
0
,
an
d
OUT
=0
.
5
4
8
6
)
all
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
0
.
5
th
r
esh
o
ld
cr
iter
io
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
to
r
etain
th
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
esp
ite
th
eir
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
weig
h
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
es
th
at
in
d
icato
r
s
ca
n
s
till
m
ak
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
t
h
eir
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
ev
e
n
wh
en
th
eir
r
elativ
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
(
weig
h
ts
)
ap
p
ea
r
s
s
tatis
tically
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
les
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
m
ed
ia
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
(
ME
D
A:
weig
h
=0
.
8
4
6
5
,
t
=1
0
.
9
0
9
2
)
,
h
o
p
e
(
HOPE
:
weig
h
t=0
.
5
1
0
1
,
t
=6
.
8
6
1
2
)
,
ex
p
e
r
i
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
(
E
XPE:
weig
h
=
0
.
7
8
7
3
,
t
=3
.
8
9
0
5
)
,
an
d
f
am
ily
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
C
OM
U:
weig
h
t=0
.
5
8
6
0
,
t
=5
.
7
1
3
8
)
,
all
well
ab
o
v
e
t
h
e
cr
it
ical
t
-
v
alu
e
o
f
1
.
9
6
(
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
.
Mu
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
as
s
ess
m
en
t
y
ield
ed
VI
F
v
al
u
es
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
0
0
0
7
t
o
2
.
6
5
0
5
,
all
b
elo
w
th
e
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
3
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
b
y
Hair
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
c
o
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
m
u
l
tico
llin
ea
r
ity
is
s
u
es
am
o
n
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
les
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
β
)
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el
r
ev
ea
led
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
d
if
f
er
ed
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
tly
f
r
o
m
ze
r
o
a
n
d
e
x
er
ted
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
n
CB
.
At
th
e
0
.
0
1
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el,
R
E
S
an
d
AUT
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
ts
with
v
ar
y
in
g
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
(
β
=
-
0
.
2
8
2
1
an
d
0
.
1
9
4
8
,
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
)
.
E
FF
also
s
h
o
wed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
at
th
e
0
.
0
5
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
le
v
el
(
β
=
-
0
.
1
9
5
9
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
SEL
an
d
R
E
L
d
id
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
d
if
f
e
r
f
r
o
m
ze
r
o
(
β
=
-
0
.
0
4
2
7
,
p
-
v
alu
e=
0
.
6
5
0
1
a
n
d
β
=0
.
0
6
4
7
,
p
-
v
al
u
e=
0
.
3
7
4
7
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
s
e
two
f
ac
to
r
s
h
a
d
n
o
d
ir
ec
t in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
lo
wer
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
.
W
h
en
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
T
E
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
C
B
,
R
E
S
,
an
d
AUT
h
ad
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
ts
in
n
eg
ativ
e
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el,
wh
ile
SEL
s
h
o
wed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
5
lev
el.
E
FF
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
TE
o
n
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
th
o
u
g
h
it
d
id
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ir
ec
t
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
(
DE
=
-
0
.
1
9
5
9
,
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iab
les
co
llectiv
ely
ex
p
lain
ed
1
3
.
0
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
(
R
²ad
j=0
.
1
3
0
)
.
T
h
e
R
E
L
v
ar
iab
le
h
ad
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
R
E
S
ex
h
ib
ited
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
TE
(TE=
-
0
.
2
8
2
1
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
AUT
(
T
E
=0
.
2
2
8
6
)
an
d
SEL
(
T
E
=
-
0
.
2
0
5
9
)
.
I
t
i
s
wo
r
th
n
o
tin
g
th
at
s
elf
-
esteem
’
s
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
was
p
r
im
ar
ily
in
d
ir
ec
t
(IE=
-
0
.
1
6
3
2
,
p
<
0
.
0
1
)
r
ath
er
th
an
d
ir
ec
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
4
8
7
-
4
4
9
7
4492
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
R
E
S,
SEL
s
h
o
wed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el.
W
h
ile
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
AUT
o
n
r
esil
ien
ce
was
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
its
TE
s
h
o
wed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
at
th
e
0
.
0
5
lev
el,
p
r
im
ar
ily
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
way
s
.
E
FF
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t n
eg
ativ
e
d
ir
ec
t e
f
f
ec
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
5
lev
el.
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h
ese
3
f
ac
to
r
s
jo
in
tly
ex
p
lain
ed
4
5
.
2
0
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
r
esil
ien
ce
(
R
²
adj
=0
.
4
5
2
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
AUT
ex
h
ib
ited
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ts
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
n
b
o
th
SEL
an
d
R
E
L
,
ex
p
lain
in
g
2
.
6
0
%
(
R
²
adj
=0
.
0
2
6
)
an
d
7
.
2
0
%
(
R
²ad
j=0
.
0
7
2
)
o
f
th
eir
v
ar
ian
ce
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
ex
am
in
ed
d
ir
ec
t,
in
d
ir
ec
t,
an
d
TE
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el,
test
in
g
R
E
S
as
a
m
ed
iatin
g
v
ar
iab
le
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
C
B
am
o
n
g
lo
wer
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Statis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
m
eth
o
d
th
r
o
u
g
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e
ADAN
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O
p
r
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am
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Me
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iatin
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les
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alu
ated
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s
in
g
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ar
o
n
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d
Ken
n
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
3
0
]
,
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
VAF
ass
ess
m
en
t to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
lev
el
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ed
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n
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f
ec
t.
T
ab
le
2
.
CCA
r
esu
lts
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o
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ir
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t
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t m
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C
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n
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F
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.
8
7
5
9
2
.
6
5
0
5
W
O
R
T
0
.
2
6
4
2
1
.
9
4
0
7
0
.
8
1
3
4
2
.
0
7
3
1
0
.
2
9
5
0
2
.
8
4
8
2
0
.
8
3
2
0
2
.
0
7
3
1
C
O
M
P
0
.
4
4
6
8
3
.
9
5
3
4
0
.
8
7
5
2
1
.
7
9
5
6
0
.
4
2
1
7
4
.
3
1
1
9
0
.
8
6
5
7
1
.
7
9
5
6
AUT
C
O
M
M
0
.
5
6
8
8
2
.
9
8
9
3
0
.
5
4
8
8
1
.
0
2
1
5
0
.
5
6
5
1
3
.
5
5
4
6
0
.
5
2
5
2
1
.
0
2
1
5
P
U
N
T
0
.
2
6
7
1
0
.
7
5
6
2
0
.
6
7
0
2
1
.
4
4
6
1
0
.
1
0
9
6
0
.
4
1
7
1
0
.
5
8
1
5
1
.
4
4
6
1
EX
P
E
0
.
6
6
0
2
1
.
9
6
8
6
0
.
7
7
0
7
1
.
4
4
3
0
0
.
7
8
7
3
3
.
8
9
0
5
0
.
8
1
2
2
1
.
4
4
3
0
R
EL
P
EER
0
.
1
0
6
8
0
.
7
4
8
0
0
.
5
3
9
3
1
.
3
3
9
8
0
.
1
4
2
2
1
.
1
3
0
0
0
.
5
7
0
5
1
.
3
3
9
8
TEA
R
0
.
5
6
7
7
4
.
4
6
8
0
0
.
7
8
7
1
1
.
3
5
4
3
0
.
5
7
6
4
5
.
2
3
1
8
0
.
8
0
4
0
1
.
3
5
4
3
C
O
M
U
0
.
6
1
9
7
5
.
1
6
6
5
0
.
7
9
9
7
1
.
1
0
0
5
0
.
5
8
6
0
5
.
7
1
3
8
0
.
7
7
7
2
1
.
1
0
0
5
EFF
M
ED
A
0
.
8
4
8
5
9
.
7
5
1
1
0
.
8
6
2
2
1
.
0
0
0
7
0
.
8
4
6
5
1
0
.
9
0
9
2
0
.
8
6
0
2
1
.
0
0
0
7
I
M
B
E
0
.
5
0
6
8
3
.
7
6
7
5
0
.
5
2
9
6
1
.
1
7
4
0
0
.
5
1
0
1
4
.
1
7
1
8
0
.
5
3
2
9
1
.
1
7
4
0
T
ab
le
3
.
Path
an
al
y
s
is
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ir
ec
t,
i
n
d
ir
ec
t a
n
d
TE
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
P
a
t
h
DE
IE
TE
C
o
h
e
n
’
s
f
²
Th
e
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
C
B
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
(
R
2
a
d
j
=
0
.
1
3
0
)
R
ES→
C
B
-
0
.
2
8
2
1
*
*
-
-
0
.
2
8
2
1
*
*
0
.
0
5
0
0
S
EL→C
B
-
0
.
0
4
2
7
-
0
.
1
6
3
2
*
*
-
0
.
2
0
5
9
*
0
.
0
0
0
9
EFF
→C
B
-
0
.
1
9
5
9
*
0
.
0
3
1
2
-
0
.
1
6
4
7
0
.
0
3
7
7
A
U
T→C
B
0
.
1
9
4
8
*
*
0
.
0
3
3
8
0
.
2
2
8
6
*
*
0
.
0
4
0
3
R
EL→
C
B
0
.
0
6
4
7
-
0
.
0
1
6
9
0
.
0
4
7
8
0
.
0
0
2
9
Th
e
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
R
ES
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
(
R
2
a
d
j
=
0
.
4
5
2
)
S
EL→R
ES
0
.
5
7
8
5
*
*
-
0
.
5
7
8
5
*
*
0
.
3
7
6
6
EFF
→
R
ES
-
0
.
1
1
0
6
*
-
-
0
.
1
1
0
6
*
0
.
0
1
9
5
AUT
→
R
ES
-
0
.
0
4
6
6
-
0
.
1
0
9
9
*
*
-
0
.
1
5
6
5
*
0
.
0
0
3
7
R
EL
→
R
ES
0
.
0
5
9
8
0
.
0
5
9
8
0
.
0
0
4
0
Th
e
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
S
E
L
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
(
R
2
a
d
j
=
0
.
0
2
6
)
AUT
→
S
EL
-
0
.
1
6
2
3
*
*
-
-
0
.
1
6
2
3
*
*
0
.
0
2
7
0
Th
e
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
R
EL
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
(
R
2
a
d
j
=
0
.
0
7
2
)
AUT
→
R
EL
-
0
.
2
6
7
4
*
*
-
-
0
.
2
6
7
4
*
*
0
.
0
7
7
0
N
o
t
e
:
*
*
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
＜
0
.
0
1
,
*
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
＜
0
.
0
5
,
D
E:
d
i
r
e
c
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
,
I
E:
i
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
,
TE:
t
o
t
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
W
h
en
ex
am
in
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
as
a
m
ed
iato
r
b
etwe
en
AUT
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
with
r
esil
ien
ce
in
th
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t e
f
f
ec
t sig
n
if
ican
tly
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
(
C
=0
.
2
0
5
2
,
C
'
=0
.
1
8
8
3
)
.
T
h
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
was
0
.
0
4
7
3
,
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el.
T
h
e
VAF
v
alu
e
f
ell
b
etwe
en
0
.
2
0
-
0
.
8
0
(
VAF=0
.
2
0
1
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
s
er
v
ed
as
a
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iato
r
in
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
esil
ien
ce
a
s
a
s
h
ield
:
p
r
o
tect
ive
a
n
d
r
is
k
fa
cto
r
s
in
a
med
ia
tio
n
mo
d
el
o
f c
y
b
erb
u
llyin
g
…
(
Wir
a
n
ya
Ju
n
n
o
i
)
4493
R
esil
ien
ce
f
u
n
ctio
n
ed
as
a
f
u
ll
m
ed
iato
r
b
etwe
en
SEL
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
with
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
b
ec
o
m
in
g
non
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
wh
en
r
esil
ien
ce
was
in
clu
d
ed
(
C
=
-
0
.
1
1
5
2
,
p
<
0
.
0
5
;
C
'
=
-
0
.
0
2
2
9
,
p
>
0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
I
E
=
-
0
.
1
8
8
2
,
p
<
0
.
0
1
)
with
a
VAF
o
f
0
.
8
9
1
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
s
elf
-
esteem
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
p
r
im
ar
ily
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Path
m
o
d
el
o
f
AUT
,
R
E
L
,
SEL
,
E
FF
an
d
R
E
S o
n
C
B
wi
th
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
C
C
A
r
esu
lts
Fo
r
R
E
L
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
r
esil
ien
ce
f
u
n
ctio
n
ed
as
a
co
m
p
etiti
v
e
m
ed
iato
r
(
VAF=5
.
3
0
4
)
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
ch
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
(
C
=0
.
0
2
2
7
)
to
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
(
C
'
=0
.
0
9
0
4
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
n
eg
ativ
e
(
I
E
=
-
0
.
1
1
1
4
,
p
<
0
.
0
1
)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Similar
ly
,
r
esil
ien
ce
ac
ted
as
a
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
ed
iato
r
b
etwe
en
E
FF
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
(
VAF=
-
0
.
7
2
1
)
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
b
ec
am
e
m
o
r
e
n
eg
ativ
e
with
r
esil
ien
ce
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
(
C
=
-
0
.
1
8
7
0
,
p
<
0
.
0
5
;
C
'
=
-
0
.
1
9
6
4
,
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
in
d
ir
ec
t e
f
f
ec
t w
as si
g
n
if
ican
tly
p
o
s
itiv
e
(
I
E
=0
.
0
8
2
3
,
p
<
0
.
0
1
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
co
u
n
ter
ac
tin
g
p
ath
way
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
also
ex
am
in
ed
s
eq
u
en
tial
m
ed
iatio
n
p
ath
way
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ed
iatio
n
f
o
r
AUT
→s
elf
-
esteem
→r
esil
ien
ce
→cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
(
VAF=0
.
1
2
2
,
I
E
=0
.
0
2
9
2
,
an
d
p
>
0
.
0
5
)
o
r
AUT
→r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
→r
esil
ien
ce
→cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
(
VAF=0
.
0
2
6
,
I
E
=0
.
0
0
5
7
,
an
d
p
>
0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
p
lay
s
d
iv
er
s
e
m
ed
iatin
g
r
o
les
in
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
am
o
n
g
lo
wer
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
as
a
p
ar
tial,
f
u
ll,
o
r
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
ed
iato
r
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ath
way
ex
am
in
ed
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
illu
m
in
ates
th
e
co
m
p
lex
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
lo
wer
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
No
r
th
er
n
T
h
ailan
d
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
as
th
e
d
ec
is
iv
e
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
wh
ile
AUT
em
er
g
es
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
co
v
er
cr
u
cial
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
p
ath
way
s
th
at
s
h
ap
e
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
ied
m
ed
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
im
p
o
r
tan
t
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
g
r
o
win
g
co
n
ce
r
n
in
T
h
ai
ad
o
lescen
t
d
ig
ital
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
m
ed
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
r
esil
ien
ce
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t in
th
e
d
ig
ital la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
T
h
ai
ad
o
lescen
ts
.
R
esil
ien
ce
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iato
r
b
etwe
en
AUT
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
AUT
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
two
d
is
tin
ct
p
ath
way
s
:
d
ir
ec
tly
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
ten
d
en
cies
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
tly
u
n
d
er
m
in
in
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
r
esil
ien
ce
th
at
wo
u
ld
o
th
er
wis
e
p
r
o
tect
ag
ain
s
t
s
u
ch
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
o
f
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
tr
ict
co
n
tr
o
l
with
lim
ited
em
o
tio
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
m
o
tes
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
d
elin
g
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
lim
itin
g
em
p
ath
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
alig
n
s
with
Z
u
r
ch
er
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
r
esear
ch
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
h
o
w
AUT
cr
ea
tes
f
am
ily
d
y
n
am
ics
th
at
f
ail
to
n
u
r
tu
r
e
cr
u
cial
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
k
ills
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
o
n
lin
e
co
n
d
u
ct.
Similar
ly
,
Mo
r
en
o
–
R
u
iz
et
a
l
.
[
3
2
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ad
o
lescen
ts
f
r
o
m
au
th
o
r
itar
ian
h
o
m
es
o
f
ten
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
ig
h
er
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
ten
d
en
cies
th
at
m
an
if
est
in
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
AUT
er
o
d
es
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
co
p
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
at
b
u
f
f
er
ag
ain
s
t
en
g
ag
in
g
in
h
ar
m
f
u
l
o
n
lin
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
As
n
o
ted
b
y
B
au
m
r
in
d
[
1
3
]
,
wh
en
p
ar
en
ts
em
p
h
asize
o
b
ed
ien
ce
with
o
u
t
ex
p
lan
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d
em
p
lo
y
p
u
n
is
h
m
en
t w
ith
o
u
t w
ar
m
th
,
ad
o
lescen
ts
d
ev
elo
p
lim
ited
ca
p
ac
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f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
as
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
W
er
n
er
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
cr
ea
tes
a
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
wh
er
e
AUT
u
n
d
er
m
in
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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J
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v
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&
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,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
4
8
7
-
4
4
9
7
4494
b
o
th
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
two
ess
en
tial
p
r
o
tectiv
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
ad
o
lescen
ts
n
av
ig
atin
g
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
I
n
th
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T
h
ai
cu
ltu
r
al
co
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tex
t,
wh
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e
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ad
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ier
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h
asize
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ed
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d
d
is
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th
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eg
ativ
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f
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ts
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ay
b
e
p
ar
ticu
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ly
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r
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d
as
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ts
lack
alter
n
ativ
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m
o
d
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o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
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co
n
f
lict r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
[
1
]
.
T
ab
le
4
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
ed
iati
n
g
r
o
le
o
f
r
esil
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ce
in
t
h
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
AUT
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
P
a
t
h
Ef
f
e
c
t
β
t
-
v
a
l
u
e
V
A
F
(
I
E/
TE)
C
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
AUT
→C
B
TE
0
.
2
3
5
6
3
.
5
6
2
3
*
*
0
.
2
0
1
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
A
U
T→C
B
D
E(
C
)
0
.
2
0
5
2
3
.
8
2
9
5
*
*
A
U
T→C
B
D
E(
C
’
)
0
.
1
8
8
3
2
.
7
7
8
1
*
*
A
U
T→R
ES→
C
B
IE
0
.
0
4
7
3
2
.
4
5
2
7
*
*
S
EL→C
B
TE
-
0
.
2
1
1
1
-
2
.
9
2
3
8
*
*
0
.
8
9
1
F
u
l
l
me
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
S
EL→C
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D
E(
C
)
-
0
.
1
1
5
2
-
1
.
8
2
7
9
*
S
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D
E(
C
’
)
-
0
.
0
2
2
9
-
0
.
2
6
5
4
S
EL→R
ES→C
B
IE
-
0
.
1
8
8
2
-
3
.
4
0
5
4
*
*
R
EL→
C
B
TE
-
0
.
0
2
1
0
-
0
.
3
6
3
3
*
5
.
3
0
4
C
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
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v
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me
d
i
a
t
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o
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R
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C
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D
E(
C
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0
.
0
2
2
7
0
.
3
4
7
8
R
EL→
C
B
D
E(
C
’
)
0
.
0
9
0
4
1
.
4
1
8
8
R
EL→
R
ES→
C
B
IE
-
0
.
1
1
1
4
-
3
.
1
1
9
2
*
*
EFF
→C
B
TE
-
0
.
1
1
4
1
-
1
.
3
9
6
8
-
0
.
7
2
1
C
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
me
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
EFF
→C
B
D
E(
C
)
-
0
.
1
8
7
0
-
1
.
9
6
8
9
*
EFF
→C
B
D
E(
C
’
)
-
0
.
1
9
6
4
-
2
.
3
0
8
4
*
EFF
→R
ES→
C
B
IE
0
.
0
8
2
3
3
.
3
2
4
5
*
*
AUT
→C
B
TE
0
.
2
3
8
3
3
.
6
2
7
4
*
*
0
.
1
2
2
N
o
me
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
A
U
T→C
B
D
E(
C
)
0
.
2
0
5
2
3
.
8
2
9
5
*
*
A
U
T→C
B
D
E(
C
’
)
0
.
2
0
9
1
0
.
2
9
7
3
0
*
*
A
U
T→SEL→
R
ES→
C
B
IE
0
.
0
2
9
2
1
.
6
0
3
2
AUT
→C
B
TE
0
.
2
2
1
6
3
.
1
9
9
4
*
*
0
.
0
2
6
N
o
me
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
A
U
T→C
B
D
E(
C
)
0
.
2
0
5
2
3
.
8
2
9
5
*
*
A
U
T→C
B
D
E(
C
’
)
0
.
2
1
5
9
3
.
1
1
7
8
*
*
A
U
T→R
EL
→R
ES→C
B
IE
0
.
0
0
5
7
0
.
3
5
4
2
N
o
t
e
:
*
*
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
<
0
.
0
1
,
*
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
<
0
.
0
5
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
th
e
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iatio
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
with
AUT
,
r
esil
ien
ce
co
m
p
letely
m
ed
iates
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
elf
-
es
teem
an
d
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
lete
m
ed
iatio
n
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
at
h
ea
lth
y
s
elf
-
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
p
r
o
tects
ag
ain
s
t
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
en
tire
ly
b
y
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
r
e
s
ilien
ce
r
ath
er
th
an
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
r
ec
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
s
er
v
es
as
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
r
esil
ien
ce
b
u
ild
er
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ad
o
lescen
ts
with
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
f
o
r
titu
d
e
n
ee
d
e
d
to
n
av
i
g
ate
o
n
lin
e
c
h
allen
g
es
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
ely
.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
ex
ten
d
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
b
y
id
en
tif
y
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ath
way
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
s
elf
-
esteem
m
a
n
if
ests
its
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
en
ef
its
.
W
h
en
T
h
ai
ad
o
les
ce
n
ts
p
o
s
s
ess
h
ea
lth
y
s
elf
-
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
,
t
h
ey
d
ev
elo
p
g
r
e
ater
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
p
in
g
,
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
th
at
s
h
ield
ag
ain
s
t
en
g
ag
in
g
in
d
i
g
ital
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
[
1
8
]
.
As
C
o
o
p
er
s
m
ith
[
1
1
]
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
in
d
iv
id
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als
with
h
ea
lth
y
s
elf
-
esteem
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ass
er
tiv
en
ess
,
co
n
f
id
en
ce
,
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
o
cial
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
clar
if
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th
at
th
ese
q
u
alities
p
r
im
ar
ily
p
r
o
tect
ag
ain
s
t
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b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
y
s
tr
en
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th
en
i
n
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
r
esil
ien
ce
r
ath
er
th
an
th
r
o
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g
h
d
ir
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t
ef
f
ec
ts
,
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ig
h
lig
h
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g
th
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cr
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ter
v
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o
f
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h
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ical
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o
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ti
tu
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e
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tr
a
n
s
latin
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o
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itiv
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elf
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er
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in
to
a
p
p
r
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T
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g
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in
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atter
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ia
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n
d
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ip
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cy
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lly
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ir
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n
s
,
cr
ea
tin
g
co
u
n
ter
ac
tin
g
f
o
r
ce
s
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
ath
way
s
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
alig
n
s
with
Z
h
ao
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
th
at
co
m
p
e
titi
v
e
m
ed
iatio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
p
er
a
te
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
m
o
d
el.
Me
d
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
d
ir
e
ct
n
eg
ativ
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ad
o
x
ical
p
atter
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
ed
ia
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ir
ec
t
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ain
s
t
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
p
er
h
ap
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
r
d
i
g
ital
citizen
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
w
h
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
u
n
d
e
r
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
wo
u
ld
o
th
e
r
wis
e
p
r
o
tect
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
h
a
r
m
f
u
l
o
n
l
i
n
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
d
u
a
l
n
a
t
u
r
e
e
ch
o
e
s
P
o
tt
e
r
[
1
5
]
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
s
ix
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
ed
ia
ef
f
ec
ts
(
c
o
g
n
itiv
e,
b
eli
ef
s
,
attitu
d
es,
af
f
ec
tiv
e,
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical,
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
al)
th
at
co
llectiv
ely
m
ay
p
r
o
d
u
ce
c
o
n
tr
ad
icto
r
y
o
u
tco
m
es.
Similar
ly
,
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ex
h
i
b
it
co
m
p
etin
g
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
:
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
(
wh
ich
p
r
o
tects
ag
ain
s
t
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
i
n
g
)
wh
ile
p
o
ten
tially
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
ce
r
tain
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
with
in
p
ee
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
R
esear
ch
h
as
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
p
o
s
itiv
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
to
p
ee
r
s
cr
ea
te
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
o
n
d
s
[
3
3
]
,
b
u
t
o
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
ese
s
am
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
m
ay
c
o
n
tain
r
is
k
elem
en
ts
th
at
o
p
er
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ep
ar
ate
p
at
h
way
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
etitiv
e
d
y
n
am
ic
h
elp
s
ex
p
lain
wh
y
p
ee
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
s
h
o
w
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
s
o
m
etim
es c
o
n
tr
ad
icto
r
y
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
with
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
[
3
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
esil
ien
ce
a
s
a
s
h
ield
:
p
r
o
tect
ive
a
n
d
r
is
k
fa
cto
r
s
in
a
med
ia
tio
n
mo
d
el
o
f c
y
b
erb
u
llyin
g
…
(
Wir
a
n
ya
Ju
n
n
o
i
)
4495
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
illu
m
in
ate
wh
y
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
i
n
g
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
s
u
ch
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
,
th
e
s
am
e
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
s
im
u
lt
an
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
o
tect
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
.
As
Z
h
ao
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
s
u
g
g
est,
s
u
ch
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
e
d
iatio
n
o
f
ten
s
ig
n
als
o
m
itted
m
ed
iato
r
s
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
,
p
er
h
ap
s
m
ed
ia
liter
ac
y
o
r
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
th
at
d
ev
elo
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
e
d
ia
en
g
ag
em
en
t
b
u
t
o
p
er
ate
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
o
f
g
en
e
r
al
r
esil
ien
ce
.
C
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
em
er
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
an
in
tr
icate
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical,
f
am
ilial,
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
r
ath
er
th
an
is
o
lated
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
Z
y
ch
et
a
l.
[
3
5
]
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
th
at
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
r
esear
ch
h
as
ev
o
lv
ed
f
r
o
m
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tu
d
ies
to
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
an
aly
s
es
o
f
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
AUT
cr
ea
tes
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tly
an
d
b
y
u
n
d
e
r
m
in
in
g
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
two
ess
en
tial
p
r
o
tectiv
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Self
-
esteem
b
u
ild
s
r
esil
ien
ce
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
cr
u
cial
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ain
s
t
d
ig
ital
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
.
Me
d
ia
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
an
d
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
p
e
r
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
p
etin
g
p
ath
way
s
,
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
r
is
k
.
T
h
is
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
s
y
s
tem
ex
p
lain
s
wh
y
s
in
g
le
-
f
ac
to
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lim
ited
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
as
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
tectiv
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
f
o
ca
l
p
o
in
t,
as
en
h
an
cin
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
f
o
r
titu
d
e
m
ay
b
u
f
f
er
ag
ain
s
t m
u
ltip
le
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
[
1
9
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
r
ea
k
in
g
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
r
esear
c
h
th
at
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
it
f
r
o
m
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e.
First,
we
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
e
f
ir
s
t
cu
l
tu
r
ally
-
v
alid
ated
,
f
o
u
r
-
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
T
h
ai
a
d
o
lescen
ts
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
“
MA
S
”
b
eh
av
io
r
s
(
9
5
%
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
)
a
s
a
u
n
i
q
u
e
cu
ltu
r
al
m
an
if
estatio
n
r
ef
lectin
g
T
h
ailan
d
’
s
em
p
h
asis
o
n
in
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
co
n
f
lict
av
o
id
an
ce
,
a
p
atter
n
n
ev
er
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
d
o
cu
m
en
te
d
in
cy
b
er
b
u
ll
y
in
g
r
esear
ch
.
Seco
n
d
,
o
u
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
u
n
v
eils
th
e
p
i
v
o
tal
d
is
co
v
er
y
th
at
r
esil
ien
ce
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
as
a
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
tectiv
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
3
d
is
tin
ct
m
ed
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
:
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iatio
n
with
AUT
,
co
m
p
lete
m
e
d
iatio
n
wi
th
s
elf
-
esteem
,
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
ed
iatio
n
with
m
ed
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
a
n
d
s
o
cial
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
,
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
r
e
f
r
a
m
in
g
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
i
n
g
as
em
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
an
in
tr
icat
e
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
o
f
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical,
f
am
ilial,
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
r
ath
er
th
an
is
o
lated
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
ad
v
an
ce
s
th
e
f
ield
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
C
C
A
an
d
PLS
-
SEM
with
a
d
is
jo
in
t
two
-
s
tag
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
-
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
els
th
at
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
tatis
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ately
ad
d
r
ess
.
Ou
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
etitiv
e
m
ed
iatio
n
,
wh
er
e
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
p
er
ate
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
ath
way
s
,
ch
allen
g
es
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
in
g
le
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
ca
u
s
ality
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
ex
p
lain
s
wh
y
th
e
s
am
e
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
o
tect
ag
ain
s
t
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
as a
“sh
ield
”
th
at
o
p
er
ates d
if
f
er
en
tly
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
r
is
k
p
ath
way
s
p
r
o
v
id
es u
n
p
r
ec
ed
en
ted
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
wh
y
s
in
g
le
-
f
ac
to
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
o
f
ten
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lim
ited
r
esu
lts
.
C
u
ltu
r
ally
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
r
id
g
es
tr
ad
itio
n
al
T
h
ai
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
v
alu
es
with
d
ig
ital
b
eh
av
io
r
m
an
if
estatio
n
s
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
h
o
w
cu
ltu
r
al
em
p
h
asis
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
h
ar
m
o
n
y
an
d
au
th
o
r
ity
r
esp
ec
t
cr
ea
tes
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
o
n
lin
e
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
an
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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6
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Dec
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b
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20
25
:
4
4
8
7
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4496
AUTHO
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DATA AV
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
R
.
S
i
t
t
i
c
h
a
i
a
n
d
P
.
K
.
S
mi
t
h
,
“
B
u
l
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g
i
n
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o
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t
h
-
E
a
st
A
si
a
n
C
o
u
n
t
r
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s:
A
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v
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,
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d
Vi
o
l
e
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t
Be
h
a
v
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3
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p
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–
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6
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j
.
a
v
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0
1
5
.
0
6
.
0
0
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.
[
2
]
R
.
D
o
n
e
g
a
n
,
“
B
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
y
b
e
r
b
u
l
l
y
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g
:
H
i
s
t
o
r
y
,
S
t
a
t
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s
t
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c
s,
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P
r
e
v
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t
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a
n
d
A
n
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s
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s,”
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h
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El
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o
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U
n
d
e
rg
r
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Re
se
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C
o
m
m
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t
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o
n
s
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.
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,
n
o
.
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p
p
.
3
3
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2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[
3
]
S
.
H
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n
d
u
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a
a
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d
J.
W
.
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t
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,
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.
[
4
]
P
.
K
.
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m
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h
,
J
.
M
a
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d
a
v
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.
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,
a
n
d
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i
p
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t
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y
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y
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:
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t
s
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a
t
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r
e
a
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d
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m
p
a
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t
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s
e
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o
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d
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r
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s
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h
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p
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p
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l
s
,
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o
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a
l
o
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h
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d
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h
o
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o
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y
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n
d
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o
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7
6
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5
,
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p
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0
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o
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1
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1
4
6
9
-
7
6
1
0
.
2
0
0
7
.
0
1
8
4
6
.
x
.
[
5
]
M
.
A
.
C
a
m
p
b
e
l
l
,
“
C
y
b
e
r
B
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
:
A
n
O
l
d
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
i
n
a
N
e
w
G
u
i
se?
”
Au
s
t
ra
l
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
G
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
C
o
u
n
se
l
l
i
n
g
,
v
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l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
8
–
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6
,
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l
.
2
0
0
5
,
d
o
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1
0
.
1
3
7
5
/
a
j
g
c
.
1
5
.
1
.
6
8
.
[
6
]
N
.
E.
W
i
l
l
a
r
d
,
C
y
b
e
r
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
y
b
e
r
t
h
r
e
a
t
s:
Re
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
o
f
O
n
l
i
n
e
S
o
c
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