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14
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.
6
,
Dec
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1
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3
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T
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I
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14
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No
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6
,
Dec
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b
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20
25
:
4
7
1
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-
4
7
2
3
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d
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5
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H
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ex
p
l
o
r
e
d
i
n
d
ep
th
t
h
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
c
u
lt
u
r
al
i
d
e
n
ti
ty
(
C
I
)
,
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
ti
es,
an
d
t
r
a
d
it
io
n
a
l
s
o
ci
al
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
es
(
e
.
g
.
,
v
il
la
g
e
el
d
e
r
s
,
k
i
n
s
h
i
p
s
y
s
t
em
s
)
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
OC
,
f
ac
t
o
r
s
t
h
at
p
la
y
a
ce
n
t
r
al
r
o
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
o
c
ial
lif
e
o
f
et
h
n
ic
m
i
n
o
r
it
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
C
en
t
r
a
l
Hi
g
h
la
n
d
s
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
e
x
is
t
in
g
p
o
l
ici
es
o
n
ca
r
e
er
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
“
p
r
o
j
ec
t
o
n
c
ar
ee
r
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
tr
ea
m
li
n
i
n
g
o
r
ie
n
t
ati
o
n
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
at
t
h
e
l
o
we
r
a
n
d
u
p
p
er
s
e
co
n
d
a
r
y
lev
els
f
o
r
th
e
p
e
r
i
o
d
2
0
1
8
–
2
0
2
5
”
[
9
]
.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
ac
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
i
n
g
d
is
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
th
ey
s
til
l
la
c
k
ta
r
g
et
e
d
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
th
n
ic
m
i
n
o
r
i
ty
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
f
a
il
t
o
ac
c
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
u
l
tu
r
al
d
i
v
er
s
i
ty
a
n
d
s
p
e
ci
f
ic
l
ea
r
n
in
g
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
o
f
l
o
c
al
c
o
m
m
u
n
iti
es
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
cial
co
g
n
itiv
e
ca
r
ee
r
th
eo
r
y
(
SC
C
T
)
with
in
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
c
io
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
Vietn
am
’
s
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
,
an
u
n
d
er
-
r
esear
ch
e
d
r
eg
i
o
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
ig
h
cu
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
C
I
,
ca
r
ee
r
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
(
C
E
)
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
(
C
C
)
,
b
u
t
also
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
lev
el
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
illag
e
eld
er
s
,
k
in
s
h
ip
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
an
d
tr
ad
it
io
n
al
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
lar
g
ely
o
v
er
l
o
o
k
e
d
in
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
i
n
Vietn
am
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
C
OC
am
o
n
g
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Vietn
am
’
s
C
en
tr
a
l
Hig
h
lan
d
s
,
a
r
e
g
io
n
with
1
3
c
u
ltu
r
ally
d
is
tin
ct
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
Ê
-
đ
ê,
Gia
R
ai,
B
a
Na,
an
d
M
’
n
ô
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
n
ee
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
eq
u
ity
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
c
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
d
esig
n
cu
lt
u
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
g
u
id
an
ce
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
a
im
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
k
e
y
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
at
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
C
OC
o
f
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
i
n
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
a
l
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
?
ii)
H
o
w
d
o
t
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
im
p
ac
t
t
h
e
C
OC
o
f
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
et
h
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
?
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Ca
re
er
o
rient
a
t
io
n c
o
m
pet
e
ncy
C
OC
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
s
et
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
th
at
en
ab
l
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
in
ter
ests
,
an
d
v
alu
es;
to
s
ee
k
o
u
t
r
elev
an
t
ca
r
ee
r
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
;
to
s
et
r
ea
lis
tic
ca
r
ee
r
g
o
als;
an
d
to
m
ak
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
an
d
ad
ap
ta
b
le
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
R
ath
er
t
h
an
b
ein
g
a
p
u
r
el
y
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
k
ill
,
it
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
c
ess
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
(
SA)
,
CE
,
g
o
al
-
s
ettin
g
,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
o
cial
co
n
tex
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
ca
r
e
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
els,
th
e
SC
C
T
[
1
4
]
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
f
o
r
e
x
p
lain
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
C
OC
.
SC
C
T
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
r
ee
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
SE,
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
esu
lts
(
ER
)
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
a
l
g
o
als
(
PG)
.
Nu
m
e
r
o
u
s
s
tu
d
i
es
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
ca
r
ee
r
b
eh
av
io
r
in
u
r
b
a
n
co
n
tex
ts
an
d
am
o
n
g
h
ig
h
s
c
h
o
o
l a
n
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
SC
C
T
r
ev
ea
ls
lim
itatio
n
s
wh
en
ap
p
lied
to
m
u
lticu
ltu
r
al
s
ettin
g
s
o
r
ar
e
as
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
,
s
u
ch
as
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
t
h
at
SC
C
T
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
u
lly
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
in
f
lu
en
c
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
f
ac
to
r
s
,
cu
ltu
r
al
n
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
elem
en
ts
th
at
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
i
n
g
c
ar
ee
r
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t i
n
r
eg
i
o
n
s
s
u
ch
Vietn
am
’
s
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
la
n
d
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
s
ev
er
al
alter
n
ativ
e
m
o
d
el
s
h
av
e
em
er
g
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
eo
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
(
STF)
b
y
Patto
n
a
n
d
Mc
Ma
h
o
n
[
1
7
]
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
izes
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
as
a
co
m
p
lex
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
th
eir
s
o
cial
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile
,
Hir
s
ch
i
’s
[
1
3
]
ca
r
ee
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
m
o
d
el
(
C
R
M)
em
p
h
asizes
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
th
e
ca
r
e
er
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
o
th
STF
an
d
C
R
M
f
all
s
h
o
r
t
o
f
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
i
n
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
c
u
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
co
m
m
u
n
al
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
,
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icities
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
SC
C
T
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
r
ee
th
eo
r
etica
lly
an
d
em
p
ir
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
v
ar
iab
les:
i
)
C
C
,
th
is
v
ar
iab
le
r
ef
lects
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
g
u
id
a
n
ce
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
v
illag
e
eld
er
s
,
ex
te
n
d
ed
f
am
ilies
,
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
STF
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
C
C
as
a
v
ital
co
n
tex
tu
al
f
ac
to
r
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
ca
r
ee
r
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
esp
ec
ially
in
c
o
llectiv
is
t
s
o
cieties
[
1
8
]
;
ii
)
C
E
r
ef
er
s
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
in
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
,
e
x
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
,
a
n
d
s
ee
k
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
c
ar
ee
r
p
ath
s
.
As
an
in
ter
m
ed
iar
y
co
m
p
eten
cy
id
e
n
tifie
d
in
th
e
C
R
M,
C
E
p
r
o
m
o
tes
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ca
r
ee
r
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
an
d
en
h
an
ce
s
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
co
n
f
id
en
ce
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
Vietn
am
,
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
i
ty
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
ten
lack
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
C
E
d
u
e
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
g
ap
s
a
n
d
in
a
d
e
q
u
ate
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
8
]
;
an
d
iii
)
C
I
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
t
o
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
o
g
n
ize,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
F
a
cto
r
s
a
ffectin
g
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
:
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
min
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
V
ietn
a
m
’
s
… (
P
h
u
n
g
V
iet
Ha
i
)
4713
v
alu
e,
a
n
d
ac
t
in
ac
c
o
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
eir
eth
n
ic
c
u
ltu
r
al
t
r
a
d
itio
n
s
.
C
I
ca
n
eith
er
f
o
s
ter
o
r
co
n
s
tr
ain
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
a
lig
n
m
en
t b
etwe
en
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
alu
es a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
SC
C
T
m
o
d
el,
s
u
ch
cu
ltu
r
al
elem
en
ts
ar
e
o
n
ly
in
d
ir
ec
tly
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
an
d
h
a
v
e
y
et
to
b
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
d
as
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t,
in
f
lu
en
tial
v
ar
iab
les.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
C
C
,
C
E
,
an
d
C
I
r
ep
r
esen
ts
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
a
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
al
e
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
S
C
C
T
b
u
t
a
ls
o
a
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
t
o
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
e
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
al
n
e
e
d
s
w
it
h
i
n
V
i
et
n
a
m
’
s
m
u
l
t
i
-
e
t
h
n
i
c
e
d
u
c
at
i
o
n
a
l
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
th
eo
r
y
in
cu
ltu
r
ally
d
iv
er
s
e
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
e
q
u
itab
le
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
ca
r
ee
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tailo
r
ed
t
o
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
ed
s
tu
d
en
t p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
E
du
ca
t
io
na
l
s
up
po
rt
po
licies
a
nd
s
t
ruct
ura
l
cha
lleng
es
f
o
r
ind
ig
eno
us
et
hn
ic
m
ino
rit
y
s
t
ud
ent
s
in
t
he
Cent
ra
l H
ig
hla
nd
s
o
f
Viet
na
m
T
h
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
la
n
d
s
o
f
Vie
tn
am
ar
e
h
o
m
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Ê
-
đ
ê
,
Gia
R
ai,
B
a
Na,
an
d
M’
n
ô
n
g
,
ea
c
h
with
d
is
tin
ct
s
o
cial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
m
atr
iar
c
h
al
tr
ad
itio
n
s
,
an
d
r
ic
h
cu
ltu
r
al
id
en
titi
es
[
2
1
]
.
Desp
ite
th
is
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
th
ese
co
m
m
u
n
ities
f
ac
e
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
h
in
d
er
eq
u
al
ac
ce
s
s
to
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
Vietn
am
ese
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
m
u
ltip
le
p
o
licies
aim
ed
at
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
eq
u
ity
am
o
n
g
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ities
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
tu
itio
n
waiv
e
r
s
,
f
in
a
n
cial
aid
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
tar
g
ete
d
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
ch
em
es,
an
d
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
b
o
a
r
d
in
g
an
d
s
em
i
-
b
o
a
r
d
in
g
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
[
2
3
]
.
Dec
r
e
e
No
.
0
5
/2
0
1
1
/ND
-
C
P
an
d
r
elate
d
leg
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
s
ee
k
to
en
h
an
ce
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
,
h
u
m
a
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
et
h
n
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ities
[
2
4
]
.
W
h
ile
th
e
Vietn
am
ese
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
im
p
lem
en
ted
p
o
licie
s
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
eq
u
ity
,
s
u
ch
as
f
in
an
cial
aid
a
n
d
b
o
ar
d
in
g
s
c
h
o
o
ls
,
cr
itical
g
a
p
s
r
em
ain
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
t
h
ese
p
o
licies
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
ad
d
r
ess
b
asic
ac
ce
s
s
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
u
t
f
ail
t
o
ad
eq
u
ately
f
o
s
ter
C
OC
am
o
n
g
et
h
n
ic
m
i
n
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
On
th
e
o
n
e
h
an
d
,
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
licies
p
r
im
ar
ily
ad
d
r
ess
b
asic
ac
ce
s
s
t
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
y
et
f
ail
to
ad
eq
u
ately
atten
d
to
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
ln
ess
an
d
r
elev
an
c
e
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
n
t
f
o
r
lear
n
er
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
r
em
ain
s
h
ig
h
ly
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
an
d
u
r
b
an
-
ce
n
tr
ic,
with
m
in
im
al
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
liv
ed
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
o
r
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
a
s
p
ir
atio
n
s
o
f
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
2
5
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
p
o
licy
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
lack
clea
r
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
s
o
r
tar
g
et
ed
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
r
e
g
io
n
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
teac
h
er
s
in
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
ar
e
r
ar
ely
p
r
o
v
id
ed
with
s
y
s
tem
atic
tr
ain
in
g
in
ca
r
ee
r
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
,
th
er
e
is
a
s
ca
r
city
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ate
r
ials
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
ca
r
ee
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
n
o
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
e
d
to
alig
n
with
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al
r
ea
liti
es o
f
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
licy
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ten
d
s
to
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
f
am
ilies
,
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alu
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
s
h
ap
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
I
t
n
e
g
lects
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
g
en
d
er
r
o
les
with
in
m
a
tr
iar
ch
al
s
o
cieties,
f
am
ilial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
ally
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
,
o
r
wh
eth
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
er
ce
iv
e
t
h
eir
f
u
tu
r
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
as
alig
n
ed
with
th
eir
e
th
n
ic
id
en
tity
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
v
alu
es.
T
h
is
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
aim
s
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
th
e
ac
tu
al
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t in
lo
ca
l c
o
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
clea
r
n
o
v
elty
a
n
d
s
cien
tific
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
th
r
ee
k
e
y
asp
ec
ts
.
First
ly
,
it
i
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
s
im
u
lt
an
eo
u
s
ly
in
teg
r
ate
cu
ltu
r
al,
s
o
cial,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
in
to
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ass
es
s
in
g
C
OC
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
a
g
r
o
u
p
th
at
h
as
o
f
te
n
b
ee
n
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
in
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ca
r
e
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
e
o
r
ies.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ap
p
li
es
b
u
t
also
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
SC
C
T
b
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
STF
o
f
Patto
n
an
d
Mc
Ma
h
o
n
[
1
7
]
an
d
th
e
C
R
M
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Hir
s
ch
i
[
1
3
]
,
th
er
eb
y
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
m
o
d
el
th
at
is
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
Vietn
am
’
s
u
n
iq
u
e
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
em
p
ir
ically
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ca
r
ee
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
eq
u
ity
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t in
et
h
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
r
eg
i
o
n
s
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
re
s
ea
rc
h m
o
del
B
u
ild
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
th
eo
r
etica
l f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
a
q
u
an
titativ
e,
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
ey
d
esig
n
to
e
x
am
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical,
s
o
cial,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
C
OC
o
f
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Vietn
a
m
’
s
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
SC
C
T
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
ex
ten
d
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
STF
o
f
Patto
n
an
d
Mc
Ma
h
o
n
an
d
th
e
C
R
M
o
f
Hir
s
ch
i
[
1
7
]
–
[
1
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
c
h
m
o
d
el
in
clu
d
es
s
ix
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les:
SA,
E
R
,
PG,
C
C
,
C
E
,
an
d
C
I
.
T
h
e
latter
th
r
ee
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
in
teg
r
ated
to
r
ef
lect
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
t
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
s
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l
m
o
d
el
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
p
o
s
its
th
at
all
s
ix
v
ar
iab
les ex
er
t d
ir
ec
t in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
C
OC
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
7
1
1
-
4
7
2
3
4714
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
c
h
m
o
d
el
Usi
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el,
we
co
n
d
u
cted
a
s
tu
d
y
to
test
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
eses
as
:
i)
SA
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
o
f
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
(
H1
)
;
ii)
ex
p
ec
tati
o
n
f
o
r
r
esu
lts
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
c
e
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
c
o
m
p
e
ten
ce
o
f
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
t
h
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vie
tn
am
(
H2
)
;
iii)
PG
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
i
n
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
(
H3
)
;
iv
)
C
C
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
c
o
m
p
eten
c
e
o
f
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
(
H4
)
;
v
)
C
E
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
et
en
ce
o
f
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
(
H5
)
;
an
d
v
i)
C
I
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
(
H6
)
.
3
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h
s
a
m
p
les
I
n
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
n
=
5
0
+8
m
,
wh
er
e
m
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
[
2
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
cr
iter
io
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
2
5
8
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
en
r
o
lled
in
1
2
th
g
r
ad
e
(
a
g
ed
1
7
–
1
8
)
ac
r
o
s
s
f
iv
e
p
r
o
v
i
n
ce
s
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
o
f
Vietn
am
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
am
p
les’
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
an
d
ac
c
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
a
s
tr
atif
ied
m
u
ltis
tag
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
.
Stra
tific
atio
n
was
b
ased
o
n
p
r
o
v
in
ce
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ize,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
an
d
o
m
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
class
es
with
in
s
tr
ata.
Prio
r
to
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
s
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
ch
o
o
l a
d
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t w
as g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
A
to
tal
o
f
7
6
8
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
a
d
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
b
y
tr
ain
ed
r
esear
ch
ass
is
tan
t
s
f
lu
en
t
in
lo
ca
l
lan
g
u
ag
es
an
d
f
am
iliar
with
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
Af
ter
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
d
ata
clea
n
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
in
v
o
lv
ed
r
em
o
v
i
n
g
in
co
m
p
le
te
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
s
u
r
v
ey
s
with
m
is
s
in
g
v
alu
es,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
o
t
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
i
n
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
th
e
f
in
al
v
alid
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
6
6
9
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
a
b
le
1
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
en
d
er
d
is
p
ar
ity
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
s
am
p
led
f
r
o
m
f
i
v
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
r
eg
io
n
,
with
a
well
-
b
alan
ce
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ad
h
er
in
g
to
s
cien
tific
s
am
p
lin
g
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
v
alid
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
ta
r
g
et
r
esear
ch
s
am
p
le.
3
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h
ins
t
rum
ent
a
nd
pil
o
t
s
t
ud
y
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
a
3
0
-
item
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
u
ilt
u
p
o
n
e
x
is
tin
g
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
els
(
SC
C
T
,
STF,
an
d
C
R
M)
an
d
tailo
r
ed
to
t
h
e
Viet
n
am
ese
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
c
o
n
t
ex
t.
E
ac
h
item
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
e
r
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
ag
r
ee
t
o
5
=stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
).
A
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
Au
g
u
s
t
2
0
2
4
with
3
0
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
t
s
wh
o
wer
e
n
o
t
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
m
ain
s
am
p
le.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
f
r
o
m
two
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
Dak
No
n
g
an
d
Gia
L
ai
Pro
v
in
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
il
o
t
aim
ed
to
ass
es
s
lin
g
u
is
tic
clar
ity
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
;
to
id
en
t
if
y
am
b
i
g
u
o
u
s
o
r
p
o
ten
tially
cu
ltu
r
ally
in
s
en
s
itiv
e
ter
m
s
;
a
n
d
to
ev
alu
ate
in
itial
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
al
p
h
a.
Af
t
er
th
e
p
ilo
t,
s
ev
er
a
l
item
s
wer
e
r
ev
is
ed
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
ticip
an
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
in
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
two
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ex
p
er
ts
f
am
iliar
with
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
ef
lecte
d
th
ese
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
ac
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
lin
g
u
is
tic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
ten
t
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
at
io
n
s
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t scale
s
ar
e
s
y
n
th
esized
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
S
a
mp
l
e
G
e
n
d
e
r
S
u
r
v
e
y
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
M
a
l
e
F
e
mal
e
D
a
k
L
a
k
D
a
k
N
o
n
g
G
i
a
La
i
La
mD
o
n
g
K
o
n
T
u
m
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
(
st
u
d
e
n
t
s)
3
2
3
3
4
6
98
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
0
7
1
9
9
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
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]
–
[
3
1
]
.
C
I
2
M
y
c
a
r
e
e
r
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
g
e
n
d
e
r
s
t
e
r
e
o
t
y
p
e
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
w
h
i
c
h
j
o
b
s
a
r
e
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
men
o
r
w
o
me
n
,
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
a
g
e
f
o
r
marr
i
a
g
e
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
e
l
i
e
f
t
h
a
t
‘
st
a
r
t
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
e
a
r
l
y
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
p
u
r
s
u
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
’
.
C
I
3
I
d
o
n
o
t
se
e
m
y
m
o
t
h
e
r
t
o
n
g
u
e
a
s
a
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
t
o
c
a
r
e
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
b
u
t
r
a
t
h
e
r
a
s
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
y
t
o
e
x
p
a
n
d
m
y
c
a
r
e
e
r
p
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
s
.
C
I
4
I
see
m
y
se
l
f
a
s
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
o
f
p
r
e
ser
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
e
a
u
t
y
o
f
my
e
t
h
n
i
c
h
e
r
i
t
a
g
e
w
h
i
l
e
r
e
ma
i
n
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
t
o
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
f
mo
d
e
r
n
so
c
i
e
t
y
.
C
I
5
I
f
e
e
l
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
I
st
u
d
y
i
n
c
l
a
ss
i
s
c
l
o
s
e
l
y
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
my
e
t
h
n
i
c
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
.
D
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
C
O
C
C
O
C
1
I
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
se
l
f
-
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
o
n
m
y
c
a
r
e
e
r
c
h
o
i
c
e
s.
Th
e
st
a
t
e
me
n
t
s
a
l
i
g
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
c
a
r
e
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
i
n
O
EC
D
d
o
c
u
m
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t
s
o
n
d
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v
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l
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p
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p
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c
i
e
s
f
o
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sec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
[
3
2
]
a
n
d
S
a
v
i
c
k
a
s
[
3
3
]
C
O
C
2
I
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
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p
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c
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a
n
d
si
mu
l
a
t
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c
a
r
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e
r
s
.
C
O
C
3
I
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
g
a
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
s
s c
a
r
e
e
r
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
.
C
O
C
4
I
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
ma
k
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
c
a
r
e
e
r
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
7
1
1
-
4
7
2
3
4716
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
pro
ce
du
re
Data
co
llectio
n
to
o
k
p
lace
f
r
o
m
Sep
tem
b
er
to
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
.
R
esear
ch
ass
is
tan
ts
—
tr
ain
ed
in
eth
ical
r
esear
ch
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
f
lu
en
t
in
b
o
th
Vietn
am
ese
an
d
r
elev
an
t
lo
ca
l
d
ialec
ts
—
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
in
p
er
s
o
n
.
All
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
an
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
an
d
wr
itten
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
t
iality
,
all
d
ata
wer
e
an
o
n
y
m
iz
ed
an
d
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ass
u
r
ed
o
f
th
eir
v
o
l
u
n
t
ar
y
r
ig
h
t
to
with
d
r
aw
with
o
u
t
p
en
alty
.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
SP
S
S
v
er
s
io
n
2
6
f
o
llo
win
g
th
ese
s
tep
s
:
i
)
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
;
ii
)
E
FA
u
s
in
g
p
r
in
cip
a
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
v
a
r
im
ax
r
o
tatio
n
;
iii
)
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
aly
s
is
b
etwe
en
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les;
an
d
iv
)
m
u
ltip
le
lin
e
ar
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
r
elativ
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
ea
c
h
f
ac
t
o
r
o
n
C
OC
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
4
.
1
.
Relia
bil
it
y
o
f
s
ca
l
e
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
ev
en
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
ca
les
was
ass
ess
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es o
f
Hair
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
.
I
tem
s
with
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
b
elo
w
0
.
6
o
r
a
co
r
r
ec
ted
it
em
-
to
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
el
o
w
0
.
3
wer
e
e
x
clu
d
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
in
itial
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
f
o
r
th
e
C
E
s
ca
le
was
0
.
7
4
2
;
h
o
wev
er
,
item
C
E
5
s
h
o
wed
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
if
item
d
el
eted
o
f
0
.
8
0
3
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
its
r
em
o
v
al
wo
u
ld
en
h
an
ce
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
th
e
C
E
s
ca
le
was
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
o
f
CE
as
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
in
clu
d
e
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
ee
k
in
g
ca
r
ee
r
-
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
elf
-
ass
ess
in
g
o
n
e’
s
co
m
p
eten
cies,
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
with
p
o
ten
tial
f
u
tu
r
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
p
tio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
item
C
E
5
(
I
am
p
r
o
f
icien
t
in
u
s
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
r
esear
c
h
ca
r
ee
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
ten
d
s
to
ass
ess
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
k
ills
r
ath
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
c
o
r
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t
t
y
p
ically
ass
o
ciate
d
with
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
CE
.
W
h
ile
th
is
item
i
s
tan
g
en
tially
r
elate
d
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
s
ee
k
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ately
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
in
ter
n
al
r
ef
lectiv
e
an
d
g
o
al
-
d
ir
ec
ted
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
CE
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Fro
m
b
o
th
s
tatis
tical
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
item
C
E
5
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
co
n
ten
t
co
h
e
r
en
ce
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
u
lly
alig
n
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
its
r
em
o
v
al
was
n
o
t
s
o
lely
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
es
b
u
t
was
also
th
eo
r
etica
lly
ju
s
tifie
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
in
th
e
m
o
d
el.
Af
ter
th
is
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t,
all
r
em
ain
in
g
s
ca
les
m
et
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
r
eliab
ilit
y
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
atin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
u
s
ed
in
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
.
4
.
2
.
Rele
v
a
nce
o
f
o
bs
er
v
ed
v
a
ria
bles
a
nd
f
a
ct
o
rs in t
he
mo
del
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
ca
les
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
e
v
alu
ated
to
en
s
u
r
e
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
co
llected
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
in
itial
E
FA,
two
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
v
ar
iab
les
(
C
E
4
an
d
C
I
5
)
h
a
d
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
b
elo
w
0
.
5
,
in
d
icatin
g
lim
ited
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
to
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
T
h
e
ex
c
lu
s
io
n
o
f
th
ese
2
item
s
was
b
ased
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
s
tatis
tical
cr
iter
ia
b
u
t
also
o
n
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
C
E
4
r
ef
lects
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
p
er
s
o
n
al
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
wit
h
ca
r
ee
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
an
ac
tiv
ity
th
at
r
em
ain
s
r
elativ
ely
u
n
co
m
m
o
n
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
As
s
u
ch
,
th
is
item
d
o
es
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ately
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
ty
p
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
s
o
r
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ally
s
h
ar
ed
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
CE
am
o
n
g
th
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
ly
,
CE
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
an
d
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
is
cu
ltu
r
ally
a
n
d
c
o
n
tex
tu
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
,
r
ath
er
th
an
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
s
p
ec
ialized
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
.
Similar
ly
,
C
I
5
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
m
al
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
is
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
lea
r
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
co
m
p
eten
ce
in
id
en
tify
i
n
g
an
d
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
ca
r
ee
r
,
wh
ich
i
s
ce
n
tr
al
to
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
C
I
5
lea
n
s
m
o
r
e
t
o
war
d
ass
ess
in
g
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licy
r
ath
er
th
an
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
ag
en
cy
a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
C
E
4
an
d
C
I
5
n
o
t
o
n
ly
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
co
n
ten
t
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
s
ca
les
b
u
t
also
en
h
an
ce
d
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
alig
n
m
en
t
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t m
o
d
el
with
in
th
e
s
p
e
cif
ic
co
n
tex
t o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
E
FA,
c
o
n
d
u
cted
with
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
2
3
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
ia
b
les,
id
en
tifie
d
s
ix
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
f
ac
to
r
s
as
ex
p
ec
ted
:
SA,
E
R
,
PG,
C
E
,
C
C
,
C
I
.
T
h
e
s
tati
s
tic
al
in
d
icato
r
s
m
et
ac
ce
p
tab
le
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
,
n
am
ely
:
Kaiser
-
Me
y
er
-
Olk
in
(
KM
O)
=
0
.
9
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
am
p
lin
g
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
;
B
ar
tlett’s
test
o
f
s
p
h
er
i
city
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
Sig
.
=0
.
0
0
0
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
lin
ea
r
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
am
o
n
g
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
v
ar
iab
les;
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
eig
en
v
alu
e
was
1
.
2
1
1
,
an
d
th
e
to
tal
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
p
lai
n
ed
was
6
7
.
0
3
7
%,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
tin
g
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
t
h
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
lo
west
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
was
0
.
7
0
2
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
,
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
th
e
0
.
5
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
v
a
r
iab
les
an
d
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
th
eo
r
etica
l f
ac
to
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
F
a
cto
r
s
a
ffectin
g
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
:
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
min
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
V
ietn
a
m
’
s
… (
P
h
u
n
g
V
iet
Ha
i
)
4717
T
ab
le
3
.
R
o
tated
m
atr
i
x
o
f
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
No
.
O
b
serv
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
SA
ER
CC
CI
PG
CE
1.
S
A
3
0
.
8
1
7
2.
S
A
4
0
.
7
9
6
3.
S
A
2
0
.
7
7
4
4.
S
A
1
0
.
7
6
9
5.
ER
1
0
.
7
9
4
6.
ER
2
0
.
7
8
8
7.
ER
3
0
.
7
7
8
8.
ER
4
0
.
7
7
5
9.
C
C
2
0
.
7
9
6
1
0
.
C
C
1
0
.
7
5
9
1
1
.
C
C
3
0
.
7
5
6
12
C
C
4
0
.
7
2
6
13
C
I
4
0
.
7
9
6
14
C
I
3
0
.
7
5
9
15
C
I
2
0
.
7
5
6
16
C
I
1
0
.
7
2
6
17
P
G
1
0
.
7
5
2
18
P
G
4
0
.
7
5
1
19
P
G
2
0
.
7
0
5
20
P
G
3
0
.
7
0
2
21
C
E2
0
.
8
1
7
22
C
E1
0
.
7
9
7
23
C
E3
0
.
7
3
3
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
all
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les
lo
ad
ed
m
o
s
t
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
o
n
th
eir
in
ten
d
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
cts,
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
0
.
3
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
clea
r
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
am
o
n
g
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
T
h
e
s
ix
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
b
ased
SC
C
T
b
y
L
en
t
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
,
STF
o
f
Patto
n
an
d
Mc
Ma
h
o
n
[
1
7
]
,
C
R
M
o
f
Hir
s
ch
i
[
1
3
]
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
d
ata
with
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
E
ac
h
f
ac
to
r
r
ef
lects
a
d
is
tin
ct
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
s
u
ch
as
SA,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
an
d
ad
ju
s
t
PG,
an
d
C
I
,
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
f
lu
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
Fo
r
th
e
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le
C
OC
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
ca
le
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
ies
b
y
Hir
s
ch
i
[
1
3
]
,
Sav
ick
as
[
3
3
]
,
an
d
g
u
i
d
an
ce
f
r
o
m
OE
C
D
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
ca
le
item
s
r
ef
lect
f
o
u
r
c
o
r
e
d
o
m
ain
s
:
i)
ca
r
ee
r
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
; ii)
ca
r
ee
r
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
;
iii)
ca
r
ee
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
iv
)
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
W
h
en
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
ex
ten
d
ed
v
alid
a
tio
n
m
o
d
el,
th
e
C
OC
s
ca
le
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
m
ee
t
s
tatis
t
ical
cr
iter
ia:
KM
O
=0
.
8
1
8
,
B
ar
tlett’s
test
Sig
.
=0
.
0
0
0
,
t
o
tal
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
p
lain
e
d
=6
8
.
7
6
0
%,
an
d
th
e
lo
west
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
=
0
.
8
1
0
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
s
tatis
t
ical
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
b
u
t
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
s
tr
o
n
g
alig
n
m
e
n
t
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
er
eb
y
e
n
h
an
cin
g
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
v
alid
ity
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
r
eliab
i
lity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
4
.
3
.
Co
rr
el
a
t
io
n a
nd
re
g
re
s
s
io
n a
na
ly
s
is
T
o
ex
am
in
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les
in
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
l
o
y
ed
Sp
ea
r
m
an
co
r
r
elatio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
all
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
(
SA,
E
R
,
C
C
,
C
I
,
PG,
an
d
C
E
)
wer
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le,
C
OC
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
ev
id
e
n
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
p
er
s
o
n
al,
s
o
cial,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
th
e
c
ar
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
eth
n
ic
m
i
n
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
m
u
ltip
le
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
t
o
test
th
e
r
esear
ch
h
y
p
o
th
eses
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
was
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
Sig
.
=0
.
0
0
0
)
,
with
an
R
²
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
6
8
5
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
8
.
5
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
in
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
(
C
OC
)
i
s
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
s
ix
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les.
T
h
e
ad
ju
s
ted
R
²
(
0
.
6
8
2
)
an
d
th
e
Du
r
b
in
–
W
atso
n
s
tatis
tic
(
1
.
8
6
9
)
s
u
g
g
est
a
h
ig
h
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
m
o
d
el
f
it
an
d
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
a
u
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
in
th
e
r
esid
u
als.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
with
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
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,
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ely
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r
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v
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.
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p
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m
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f
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E
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C
C
in
th
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d
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to
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s
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f
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ap
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s
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attr
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f
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p
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f
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tar
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ted
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v
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n
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t
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h
elp
s
tu
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f
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late
ca
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alig
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ca
p
ab
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-
cu
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r
al
r
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es.
T
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e
n
to
g
eth
er
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th
e
ac
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p
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ce
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f
all
s
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h
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(
H1
–
H6
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s
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m
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b
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s
co
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t
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f
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d
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alize
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ch
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.
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ly
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ir
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ca
l
v
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b
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5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
in
d
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s
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f
th
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s
tu
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h
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f
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to
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s
in
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g
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n
g
eth
n
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m
in
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ity
s
tu
d
en
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in
Vi
etn
am
’
s
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
an
d
ex
te
n
d
in
g
th
e
SC
C
T
,
th
e
r
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n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
ein
f
o
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th
e
co
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ass
u
m
p
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s
o
f
th
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m
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h
lig
h
t
th
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im
p
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t
an
ce
o
f
co
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tex
tu
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v
ar
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o
f
f
er
in
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th
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l
an
d
p
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ac
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im
p
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s
.
A
k
ey
e
m
p
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tr
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n
is
th
e
d
em
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n
s
tr
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th
at
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s
tr
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n
g
est
in
f
lu
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(
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.
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h
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f
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co
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es
th
e
ce
n
tr
ality
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f
s
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cio
cu
ltu
r
al
c
o
n
tex
t
in
s
h
a
p
in
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ca
r
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r
d
ev
elo
p
m
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t,
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
in
co
llectiv
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t
co
m
m
u
n
ities
with
lim
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r
eso
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s
.
W
h
ile
tr
ad
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C
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em
p
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asizes
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
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,
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d
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c
y
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th
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s
tu
d
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r
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th
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ch
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f
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d
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p
ly
em
b
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d
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in
c
u
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r
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n
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r
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s
,
g
e
n
d
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u
ag
e
id
en
tity
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
al
ex
p
e
ctatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
Ng
u
y
en
et
a
l.
[
3
5
]
,
wh
o
ar
g
u
e
t
h
at
CI
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
-
cu
ltu
r
al
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
th
at
p
o
wer
f
u
lly
d
ir
ec
ts
c
ar
ee
r
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
I
n
th
is
lig
h
t,
C
I
is
n
o
t
m
er
ely
a
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
v
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b
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eter
m
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th
at
m
u
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t
b
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teg
r
ate
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in
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r
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lo
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ca
r
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r
g
u
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ter
v
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s
[
3
5
]
.
C
o
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v
er
s
ely
,
PG
ex
h
ib
ited
th
e
wea
k
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in
f
lu
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o
n
C
OC
(
β=0
.
0
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)
.
Alth
o
u
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h
g
o
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-
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ettin
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is
a
k
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m
o
tiv
atio
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d
r
iv
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in
SC
C
T
,
th
is
r
esu
lt
r
ef
lects
th
e
r
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lity
th
at
m
a
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y
et
h
n
ic
m
i
n
o
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2
2
F
a
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in
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ca
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in
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o
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o
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els,
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d
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titu
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t.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
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h
o
es
Do
et
a
l.
[
3
6
]
,
wh
o
a
r
g
u
e
t
h
at
in
u
n
d
er
-
r
eso
u
r
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m
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ca
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c
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ath
er
t
h
an
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ly
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
As
s
u
ch
,
t
h
is
ca
lls
in
to
q
u
esti
o
n
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ality
o
f
SC
C
T
an
d
s
u
g
g
ests
a
n
ee
d
to
r
ec
o
n
ce
p
tu
alize
th
e
c
o
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s
tr
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“g
o
als” th
r
o
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g
h
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m
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e
co
n
t
ex
t
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s
en
s
itiv
e
len
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
C
E
an
d
C
C
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
C
OC
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
C
E
r
ef
lects
th
e
cr
itical
n
ee
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
d
iv
er
s
e,
co
n
tex
tu
ally
r
elev
an
t c
ar
ee
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
lik
e
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
la
n
d
s
,
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
a
r
ely
en
co
u
n
ter
f
o
r
m
al
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
i
d
a
n
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
C
E
i
s
n
o
t simp
ly
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
p
h
ase
b
u
t a
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
q
u
ity
,
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
b
y
Do
et
a
l.
[
3
6
]
.
Similar
ly
,
C
C
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
alien
ce
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
al
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
wh
er
e
ca
r
e
er
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
d
r
iv
en
p
u
r
ely
b
y
in
d
iv
id
u
al
a
g
en
cy
b
u
t
ar
e
s
h
a
p
ed
b
y
lo
ca
l
s
o
cial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
k
in
s
h
ip
s
y
s
tem
s
,
v
illag
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
an
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
h
ier
ar
ch
ies.
Un
lik
e
u
r
b
an
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
wh
er
e
p
ee
r
s
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
in
ter
ests
o
f
ten
d
o
m
in
ate,
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
tr
ajec
to
r
ies
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
co
ll
ec
tiv
e
n
o
r
m
s
an
d
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
tr
a
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
alig
n
s
with
T
r
u
c
e
t
a
l.
[
3
7
]
,
wh
o
ad
v
o
ca
te
f
o
r
em
b
ed
d
in
g
SC
C
T
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es o
f
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
SA
an
d
E
R
also
s
h
o
w
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
C
OC
,
th
eir
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
o
wer
is
r
elativ
ely
m
o
d
est.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
f
ac
ed
b
y
et
h
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
ed
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
Dr
awin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
am
ily
s
tr
ess
m
o
d
el
,
f
in
an
cial
h
ar
d
s
h
ip
ten
d
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
p
a
r
en
ts
,
in
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
tin
g
a
d
o
lescen
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
I
n
r
e
m
o
te,
h
ig
h
la
n
d
eth
n
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
wh
er
e
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ten
h
a
v
e
lim
ited
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
litt
le
ac
ce
s
s
to
f
o
r
m
al
ca
r
ee
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
E
R
p
lay
s
a
m
in
im
al
r
o
le
in
g
u
id
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
OE
C
D
[
4
0
]
f
u
r
th
er
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
in
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
ed
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
t
h
e
lack
o
f
p
ar
en
tal
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
in
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
lim
ited
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
a
cc
ess
,
is
s
u
es
th
at
ar
e
esp
ec
ially
p
r
ev
alen
t in
r
u
r
al
et
h
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
co
n
te
x
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
s
ev
er
a
l
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
First,
th
e
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
r
o
les
o
f
C
I
an
d
C
E
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
to
d
esig
n
lo
ca
lized
ca
r
e
er
g
u
id
a
n
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
in
t
eg
r
ate
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
r
eg
io
n
al
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
,
s
u
ch
as o
r
g
an
izin
g
ca
r
ee
r
f
air
s
with
in
v
illag
es,
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
m
o
b
ile
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices,
o
r
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
o
c
cu
p
atio
n
s
in
to
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
r
r
ic
u
la.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
C
C
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
-
d
esig
n
ed
with
i
n
f
lu
en
tial
co
m
m
u
n
ity
f
ig
u
r
es
(
e.
g
.
,
v
illag
e
el
d
er
s
,
clan
lead
e
r
s
,
an
d
p
ar
e
n
ts
)
to
en
s
u
r
e
cu
lt
u
r
al
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
alig
n
i
n
g
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
with
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
o
als
(
SDG)
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
SDG
4
(
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
)
a
n
d
SDG
8
(
d
ec
e
n
t
wo
r
k
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
)
[
4
1
]
–
[
4
4
]
.
R
ev
italizin
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
ar
tis
an
al
v
o
ca
tio
n
s
as
v
iab
le
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
s
o
f
f
er
s
a
d
u
al
b
e
n
ef
it:
p
r
eser
v
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
h
er
itag
e
wh
ile
f
o
s
ter
in
g
lo
ca
l l
iv
elih
o
o
d
s
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
C
OC
am
o
n
g
in
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es a
s
et
o
f
cu
ltu
r
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
,
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e,
an
d
p
r
ag
m
atica
lly
ac
tio
n
ab
le
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
:
−
I
n
teg
r
ate
cu
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
SA
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
to
s
ch
o
o
l
cu
r
r
icu
la
:
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
au
th
o
r
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
m
a
n
d
ate
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
ilin
g
u
al
(
Kin
h
an
d
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
lan
g
u
ag
e)
ca
r
ee
r
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
em
b
ed
d
e
d
with
in
th
e
life
s
k
ills
an
d
citizen
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
m
o
d
u
les
.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
ca
n
b
e
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
v
illag
e
-
b
ased
cu
ltu
r
al
f
esti
v
als
o
r
“c
ar
ee
r
s
to
r
y
telli
n
g
cir
cles,”
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
e
x
p
lo
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
ter
ests
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
f
o
lk
tales
lin
k
ed
to
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
r
ec
eiv
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
n
c
u
ltu
r
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
,
u
s
in
g
eth
n
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
r
o
le
m
o
d
els
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
tu
d
en
t
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
esp
ec
ts
co
llectiv
e
v
alu
es wh
ile
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ca
r
ee
r
a
g
en
cy
.
−
Dev
elo
p
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
m
en
to
r
in
g
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
m
o
d
elin
g
in
itiativ
es:
p
r
o
v
in
cial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
o
r
d
in
at
e
with
eth
n
ic
alu
m
n
i
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
estab
lis
h
o
n
-
s
ite
m
en
to
r
s
h
ip
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Su
cc
ess
f
u
l
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
(
e.
g
.
,
eth
n
ic
m
in
o
r
ity
teac
h
e
r
s
,
lo
c
al
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
,
an
d
ag
r
icu
lt
u
r
al
in
n
o
v
ato
r
s
)
r
etu
r
n
to
th
eir
v
illag
es
p
er
io
d
i
ca
lly
f
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
talk
s
an
d
m
e
n
to
r
in
g
cir
cles
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
m
o
b
ile
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tar
y
u
n
its
ca
n
r
ec
o
r
d
th
ese
m
en
to
r
s
’
s
to
r
ies
in
th
ei
r
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
a
g
es
an
d
s
cr
ee
n
th
em
i
n
r
em
o
te
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
o
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
p
lan
n
in
g
,
eth
n
ically
tar
g
ete
d
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
s
(
e.
g
.
,
f
o
r
f
o
r
est
r
y
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
a
n
d
to
u
r
is
m
)
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
in
d
is
tr
ict
-
lev
el
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
m
o
ti
o
n
s
ch
e
m
es.
−
L
au
n
ch
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
an
d
v
is
u
alize
d
g
o
al
-
s
ettin
g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
:
s
ch
o
o
ls
s
h
o
u
ld
ad
o
p
t
a
“c
ar
ee
r
p
ath
way
ca
n
v
as
”
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ap
f
u
tu
r
e
asp
ir
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
p
icto
r
ial
tim
elin
es
an
d
lo
ca
lized
ca
r
ee
r
lad
d
er
s
.
T
h
ese
ac
tiv
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
el
d
in
“c
ar
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
d
ay
s
”
,
co
-
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
teac
h
er
s
an
d
r
esp
ec
ted
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
.
Ma
ter
ials
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
b
o
th
Vietn
am
ese
an
d
th
e
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
lan
g
u
ag
es.
T
o
alig
n
with
p
o
licy
,
lo
ca
l
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
ts
o
f
e
d
u
c
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
in
th
eir
an
n
u
al
s
ch
o
o
l c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
ev
al
u
atio
n
m
etr
ics.
−
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
alize
v
illag
e
-
b
ased
ca
r
ee
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
u
n
cils
:
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
T
r
ain
in
g
(
MO
E
T
)
ca
n
p
ilo
t
a
“c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
ca
r
e
er
ad
v
is
o
r
y
b
o
ar
d
”
m
o
d
el
i
n
eth
n
ic
co
m
m
u
n
es,
wh
er
e
eld
e
r
s
,
p
ar
en
ts
,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
taf
f
co
-
d
ev
elo
p
g
u
i
d
an
ce
p
lan
s
.
T
h
ese
b
o
ar
d
s
m
ee
t
q
u
ar
ter
ly
t
o
ad
v
is
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
m
ed
iate
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
4
7
1
1
-
4
7
2
3
4720
b
etwe
en
s
ch
o
o
l
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
n
o
r
m
s
.
C
ar
ee
r
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
h
o
u
ld
in
v
o
lv
e
in
ter
g
en
er
atio
n
al
d
ialo
g
u
es,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
ar
en
ts
,
an
d
eld
er
s
o
p
e
n
ly
d
is
cu
s
s
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
p
lan
s
with
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
b
y
tr
ain
e
d
s
ch
o
o
l s
taf
f
.
−
E
x
p
an
d
CE
v
ia
b
len
d
e
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
p
latf
o
r
m
s
:
in
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
i
p
with
E
d
T
ec
h
s
tar
tu
p
s
an
d
n
o
n
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
(
NGO
)
,
m
o
b
ile
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
o
f
f
er
ca
r
ee
r
v
id
eo
s
,
q
u
izze
s
,
an
d
v
ir
t
u
al
to
u
r
s
in
eth
n
ic
lan
g
u
ag
es.
L
o
ca
l
s
ch
o
o
ls
ca
n
h
o
s
t
“v
illag
e
ca
r
ee
r
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
d
ay
s
”
,
wh
er
e
ar
tis
an
s
,
f
ar
m
er
s
,
an
d
tr
a
d
er
s
o
f
f
e
r
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
d
em
o
s
o
f
th
eir
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
ese
ev
en
ts
,
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
ed
b
y
d
is
tr
ict
lab
o
r
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
ts
,
m
ak
e
ca
r
ee
r
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
p
r
ac
tic
al
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
tr
av
el
to
u
r
b
a
n
ce
n
ter
s
.
−
Alig
n
CI
with
m
o
d
er
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
:
MO
E
T
an
d
lo
ca
l
v
o
c
atio
n
al
in
s
titu
tes
s
h
o
u
ld
jo
in
tly
d
ev
el
o
p
c
u
r
r
ic
u
la
in
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
e
n
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
r
ad
it
io
n
al
s
k
ills
lik
e
b
r
o
ca
d
e
wea
v
in
g
,
h
e
r
b
al
m
e
d
icin
e,
o
r
ec
o
-
f
ar
m
in
g
in
t
o
f
o
r
m
al
STE
M
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
s
u
b
jects.
T
h
ese
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tied
to
r
eg
io
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
lan
s
u
n
d
e
r
SDG
4
(
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
)
an
d
SDG
8
(
d
ec
en
t w
o
r
k
)
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
s
ch
o
o
ls
ca
n
cr
ea
te
“i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
”
clu
b
s
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ap
p
ly
s
cie
n
ce
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
lo
ca
l liv
elih
o
o
d
s
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
cu
ltu
r
al
h
er
itag
e.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
f
ir
s
t
attem
p
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
an
aly
ze
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
co
m
p
eten
ce
o
f
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
eth
n
ic
m
i
n
o
r
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Vietn
am
’
s
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
,
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
r
ee
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
k
ey
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
u
ch
as
SA
,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
o
u
tco
m
e
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
th
er
eb
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
co
n
tex
tu
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
ese
m
o
d
els
to
u
n
d
e
r
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
s
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
in
t
h
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
a
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
q
u
an
t
itativ
e
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
er
m
it
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
co
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
lin
g
u
is
tic
d
i
v
er
s
ity
,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alu
es,
an
d
lim
ited
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
ca
r
ee
r
p
at
h
way
s
r
em
ain
u
n
d
e
r
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
aly
s
is
.
Giv
en
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
a
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ad
o
p
t
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
tr
ajec
to
r
y
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
o
r
ien
tatio
n
o
v
er
tim
e
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
t
cu
ltu
r
ally
s
en
s
i
tiv
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
u
tili
ty
o
f
th
ese
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
els
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
ese
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
ess
e
n
tial
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
v
al
id
ity
o
f
SC
C
T
in
m
ar
g
in
alize
d
s
ettin
g
s
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
eq
u
itab
le,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
an
ce
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
h
o
n
o
r
in
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
id
en
tit
y
,
in
ter
g
en
e
r
atio
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
lo
ca
li
ze
d
asp
ir
atio
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
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