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M
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2
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Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
v
e
stig
a
tes
th
e
th
e
rm
a
l
p
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rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
sto
ra
g
e
m
a
teria
ls
in
a
h
o
t
tan
k
d
e
sig
n
e
d
to
e
x
ten
d
t
h
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
ti
m
e
o
f
a
1
.
5
-
t
o
n
wa
ter
a
m
m
o
n
ia
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
c
o
o
l
in
g
sy
ste
m
.
T
h
e
rm
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
is
su
p
p
li
e
d
b
y
c
o
n
c
e
n
tri
c
p
a
ra
b
o
li
c
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
rs,
wh
ic
h
h
e
a
t
th
e
a
b
so
r
p
ti
o
n
c
y
c
le
g
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
d
u
ri
n
g
p
e
rio
d
s
o
f
su
fficie
n
t
so
lar
ra
d
iati
o
n
.
W
h
e
n
th
e
wa
ter
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
e
x
c
e
e
d
s
th
e
sy
ste
m
’s o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
th
re
sh
o
l
d
,
th
e
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
h
e
a
t
a
c
c
u
m
u
late
s in
th
e
h
o
t
tan
k
.
It
is
late
r
u
se
d
to
d
ri
v
e
th
e
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
d
u
ri
n
g
p
e
rio
d
s
o
f
l
o
w
s
o
lar
a
v
a
il
a
b
il
it
y
,
su
c
h
a
s in
t
h
e
a
ftern
o
o
n
o
r
a
fter su
n
se
t.
T
h
e
sy
ste
m
is d
e
sig
n
e
d
to
p
ro
v
id
e
a
ir
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
in
g
f
o
r
a
ro
o
m
;
it
s
l
o
a
d
wa
s
c
a
lcu
late
d
h
o
u
rl
y
.
Th
e
su
i
tab
le
siz
e
o
f
th
e
sto
ra
g
e
tan
k
a
n
d
th
e
c
o
rre
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
ll
e
c
to
r
a
re
a
we
re
d
e
term
i
n
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
sim
u
latio
n
s
o
f
th
e
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
to
a
c
h
iev
e
a
n
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
o
e
fficie
n
t
o
f
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
(COP).
Th
e
c
o
ll
e
c
to
r
a
re
a
wa
s
in
c
re
a
se
d
a
fter
th
e
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
o
f
p
a
ra
ffin
p
h
a
se
c
h
a
n
g
e
m
a
teria
l
(P
CM
)
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
a
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
c
o
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
y
w
a
s
i
m
p
lem
e
n
ted
t
o
p
re
v
e
n
t
th
e
wa
ter i
n
t
h
e
h
o
t
sto
ra
g
e
tan
k
fro
m
re
a
c
h
in
g
t
h
e
b
o
il
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
.
Th
is
wa
s
a
c
h
iev
e
d
b
y
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
a
sp
e
c
ifi
c
p
e
rc
e
n
tag
e
o
f
p
a
ra
ffin
,
a
P
CM
,
wit
h
a
m
e
lt
in
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
8
5
°C.
T
h
e
siz
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
t
s
to
ra
g
e
tan
k
c
o
n
tain
i
n
g
b
o
th
wa
t
e
r
a
n
d
a
sp
e
c
ifi
e
d
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
o
f
p
a
ra
ffin
,
in
a
d
d
it
io
n
to
t
h
e
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
r
a
re
a
,
wa
s
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
t
o
m
a
x
imiz
e
th
e
tan
k
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
.
Th
e
se
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
s
we
re
e
n
tere
d
in
to
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
a
lan
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
a
s
in
p
u
t
d
a
ta
to
e
n
su
re
th
e
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
a
b
so
r
p
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
u
n
d
e
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s.
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
s
iv
e
sy
ste
m
sim
u
latio
n
wa
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
b
y
d
e
riv
in
g
a
n
d
sim
p
li
fy
i
n
g
th
e
h
e
a
t
b
a
lan
c
e
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
th
e
h
y
b
ri
d
h
o
t
sto
ra
g
e
tan
k
,
t
h
e
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
.
Th
e
sim
u
lati
o
n
a
ime
d
to
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
t
h
e
o
p
t
ima
l
wa
x
ra
ti
o
o
f
5
%
to
2
0
%
t
o
m
a
x
imiz
e
sy
ste
m
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
Th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
a
ra
ffin
ra
ti
o
wa
s
fo
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
tan
k
v
o
l
u
m
e
,
wh
ich
e
n
a
b
led
a
n
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
4
h
o
u
rs
o
f
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
x
te
n
d
e
d
th
e
sy
ste
m
’s u
p
ti
m
e
to
it
s m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
ten
ti
a
l.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
C
o
n
ce
n
tr
ic
p
ar
ab
o
lic
co
llecto
r
s
Par
af
f
in
PC
M
Ph
ase
ch
an
g
e
m
ater
ial
Sto
r
ag
e
tan
k
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
am
ir
Kh
alil I
b
r
ah
im
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Me
ch
an
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
T
ik
r
it Un
iv
er
s
ity
T
ik
r
it,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
th
am
ir
m
ath
ca
d
@
tu
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Po
p
u
latio
n
g
r
o
wth
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
e
n
er
g
y
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
an
d
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
c
y
cle
air
co
n
d
itio
n
er
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
u
m
e
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
,
f
u
r
th
er
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
er
,
esp
ec
ially
at
m
id
d
ay
[
4
]
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es a
n
d
allev
iate
th
e
s
tr
ain
o
n
elec
tr
icity
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
ely
o
n
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
[
5
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
n
ew
d
esig
n
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
er
m
al
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
o
p
er
atin
g
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
air
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
1
0
1
1
-
1
0
2
2
1012
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
Par
ab
o
lic
tr
o
u
g
h
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
s
,
wh
ich
d
r
iv
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ai
r
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
u
tili
ze
d
ay
lig
h
t
s
o
lar
in
ten
s
ity
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
[
8
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
is
m
e
th
o
d
b
ec
o
m
es
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
clo
u
d
y
o
r
d
u
s
ty
d
ay
s
o
r
at
n
i
g
h
t.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
is
s
u
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
th
er
m
al
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
to
ex
t
en
d
n
ig
h
ttime
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
an
d
to
s
to
r
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
h
ea
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
as
lo
n
g
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
[
8
]
.
A
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
ta
n
k
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
to
r
e
ex
ce
s
s
co
o
lin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
,
f
u
r
th
er
ex
t
en
d
in
g
th
e
co
o
lin
g
u
n
it’s o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
at
n
ig
h
t
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
An
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
y
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
th
er
m
al
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
h
o
t
an
d
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
a
two
-
to
n
ca
p
ac
ity
lith
iu
m
b
r
o
m
id
e
aq
u
eo
u
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
cy
cl
e
r
ef
r
i
g
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Fiv
e
f
l
u
id
s
wer
e
test
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
est s
u
b
s
titu
tes
f
o
r
th
e
h
o
t a
n
d
co
ld
ta
n
k
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
h
o
t ta
n
k
s
ize
was f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
0
.
5
5
cu
b
ic
m
eter
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
co
l
d
tan
k
’
s
o
p
tim
al
s
ize
was
1
.
5
c
u
b
i
c
m
eter
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atin
g
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
i
s
1
1
.
7
s
q
u
a
r
e
m
eter
s
to
i
n
cr
e
ase
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
id
ea
l
f
lu
id
id
en
tifie
d
is
g
ly
ce
r
o
l,
wh
ich
en
h
a
n
ce
s
o
p
e
r
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
an
d
with
s
tan
d
s
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
with
th
e
s
a
m
e
tan
k
v
o
lu
m
e
an
d
co
llecto
r
ar
ea
[1
1
]
.
T
h
er
m
al
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
s
h
av
e
a
d
v
an
ce
d
f
r
o
m
b
asic
wate
r
r
eser
v
o
ir
s
to
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
th
er
m
al
b
atter
ies
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
p
ec
ialized
m
at
er
ials
.
Yan
g
et
a
l
.
[1
2
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
well
-
d
esig
n
ed
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
s
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
r
u
n
tim
es
b
y
8
-
1
0
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
c
o
o
lin
g
lo
ad
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
Ho
we
v
er
,
as
n
o
ted
in
t
h
e
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
is
b
y
Mish
r
a
et.
a
l
.
[1
3
]
,
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
wate
r
-
b
ased
s
to
r
ag
e
is
p
lag
u
ed
b
y
lar
g
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
th
at
h
in
d
e
r
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
y
cle
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
u
n
it,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
tab
le
h
ea
t
in
p
u
t
to
m
ain
tain
a
co
n
s
tan
t
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
C
OP)
,
is
m
o
s
t
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
ese
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
.
R
ec
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
b
y
L
ee
et
a
l
.
[1
4
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
s
tr
atif
ied
s
to
r
ag
e
s
etu
p
s
with
m
u
ltip
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
zo
n
es
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
y
2
5
-
3
0
%.
Me
an
wh
ile,
C
h
ek
if
i
an
d
B
o
u
k
r
aa
[1
5
]
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
f
l
u
id
d
y
n
am
ics
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
d
th
at
c
y
lin
d
r
ical
tan
k
s
with
2
:1
h
eig
h
t
-
to
-
d
iam
et
er
r
atio
s
m
in
im
ize
th
er
m
al
m
ix
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
p
av
e
th
e
way
f
o
r
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
p
h
ase
ch
a
n
g
e
m
a
ter
ial
(
PC
M)
,
wh
ich
ca
n
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
to
r
a
g
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
is
o
th
er
m
al
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
ch
a
r
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
.
Ph
ase
ch
an
g
e
m
ater
ials
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
p
ar
af
f
in
-
b
ased
o
n
es,
h
a
v
e
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ized
th
e
r
m
al
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
f
o
r
co
o
lin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ais
war
y
a
et
a
l.
[1
6
]
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
m
ater
ia
ls
r
ev
iew
id
en
tifie
d
p
ar
af
f
in
PC
M
with
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
ts
b
etwe
en
8
2
-
88
°C
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
ited
f
o
r
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
th
e
b
est
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
en
er
g
y
d
en
s
ity
(
1
7
0
k
J
/k
g
)
a
n
d
th
er
m
al
s
tab
ilit
y
.
A
r
ec
en
t stu
d
y
b
y
Mo
h
a
n
et
a
l
.
[1
7
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
n
an
o
-
en
h
an
ce
d
p
a
r
af
f
in
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ities
o
f
0
.
4
5
W
/m
·
K,
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
1
2
5
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
c
h
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
a
s
o
lar
-
p
o
wer
ed
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ef
r
ig
er
at
io
n
s
y
s
tem
with
a
p
ar
af
f
in
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
p
a
r
af
f
in
to
wate
r
(
5
–
2
0
%)
is
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
m
ax
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
tan
k
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
at
8
5
°C
,
an
d
e
x
ten
d
s
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
lo
w
s
u
n
in
p
u
t.
T
h
e
C
OP
is
also
co
m
p
ar
ed
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
am
b
ien
t
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ju
s
tify
in
g
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
an
d
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
R
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
er
m
al
b
u
f
f
er
i
n
g
o
f
p
ar
a
f
f
in
o
p
tim
iz
es
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
p
ea
k
s
u
n
h
o
u
r
s
.
Pra
ctica
l
u
s
es
ar
e
en
v
is
io
n
ed
in
h
ig
h
-
s
o
lar
r
eg
io
n
s
lik
e
T
ik
r
it,
I
r
aq
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
ir
m
s
PC
M
u
s
e
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
o
lin
g
,
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
o
r
co
m
p
o
s
ite
PC
Ms.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ain
p
ar
ts
:
a
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ic
p
ar
a
b
o
lic
co
llecto
r
,
a
n
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
u
s
in
g
am
m
o
n
ia
a
n
d
wate
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
)
,
an
d
a
wax
-
lin
ed
(
p
ar
af
in
e
PC
M)
in
h
o
t
wate
r
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
a
s
ch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
is
co
llected
b
y
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ic
p
a
r
ab
o
lic
co
llecto
r
an
d
u
s
ed
to
h
ea
t
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
cy
cle
[
18
]
.
E
x
ce
s
s
th
er
m
al
en
e
r
g
y
is
s
to
r
ed
in
a
h
o
t
wate
r
tan
k
,
th
e
i
n
n
er
wall
lin
ed
with
a
wax
lay
er
o
cc
u
p
y
i
n
g
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
tan
k
'
s
v
o
lu
m
e.
T
h
is
wax
m
elts
at
8
5
°C
,
h
elp
in
g
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
tan
k
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
at
th
at
lev
el.
I
n
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
h
o
t w
ater
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
is
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
h
iller
.
W
h
en
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
th
e
s
to
r
ed
th
er
m
al
e
n
er
g
y
m
ain
tain
ed
a
t
o
r
ab
o
v
e
8
5
°C
is
u
s
ed
to
b
o
il
am
m
o
n
ia
v
ap
o
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
am
m
o
n
ia
–
wate
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
f
o
r
as
lo
n
g
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
I
n
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
cy
cle,
th
e
g
en
er
ated
am
m
o
n
ia
v
ap
o
r
co
n
d
en
s
es
at
h
ig
h
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
th
e
co
n
d
en
s
er
.
T
h
en
,
it m
o
v
es to
t
h
e
ev
ap
o
r
ato
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
v
alv
e,
wh
e
r
e
it e
v
ap
o
r
a
tes at
lo
w
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
I
n
th
e
ev
ap
o
r
ato
r
,
th
e
r
ef
r
ig
er
an
t
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
e
d
s
p
ac
e
[
19
]
,
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
co
o
lin
g
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
lo
w
-
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
atu
r
ated
am
m
o
n
ia
v
ap
o
r
is
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
wate
r
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
an
a
m
m
o
n
ia
-
r
ich
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
t
h
e
ab
s
o
r
b
en
t
v
ess
el.
T
h
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
th
en
p
u
m
p
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
a
h
ea
t
e
x
ch
an
g
er
an
d
r
et
u
r
n
ed
to
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
,
allo
win
g
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
y
cle
to
c
o
n
tin
u
e
as
lo
n
g
as
s
u
f
f
icien
t
h
ea
t
is
av
a
ilab
le
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
[
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
mp
r
o
ve
th
e
th
erma
l p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f th
e
c
o
mb
in
ed
w
a
ter
-
p
a
r
a
ffin
h
o
t sto
r
a
g
e
ta
n
k
…
(
Ma
k
i H
a
j Za
id
a
n
)
1013
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Sy
s
tem
d
iag
r
am
an
d
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
y
cle
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
o
f
ea
ch
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
h
o
u
r
ly
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
ata
lo
g
g
er
.
T
h
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
ter
in
g
an
d
ex
itin
g
th
e
s
o
la
r
co
llecto
r
,
th
e
h
o
t
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
,
th
e
h
ea
t
ex
c
h
a
n
g
er
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
to
t
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
cy
cle
g
en
e
r
ato
r
,
th
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
v
ess
el,
th
e
co
n
d
en
s
er
,
an
d
th
e
ev
a
p
o
r
ato
r
,
as
well
as
th
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
i
n
ten
s
ity
.
Usi
n
g
th
ese
d
ata,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
wer
e
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o
r
p
tio
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er
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ce
f
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was
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lcu
lated
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h
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f
o
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er
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th
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Ma
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g
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with
th
e
m
o
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t
ex
tr
em
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n
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itio
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,
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u
ch
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o
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ad
iatio
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ten
s
ity
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td
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am
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ie
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tem
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r
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in
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ir
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wee
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o
f
Au
g
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t
(
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ly
2
1
,
2
0
2
4
)
.
T
h
ese
d
ata
wer
e
u
s
ed
as
in
p
u
ts
to
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tu
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k
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tem
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ar
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eter
s
,
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clu
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t
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k
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ize
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tim
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o
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ar
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th
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p
ar
a
f
f
in
r
atio
in
th
e
h
o
t ta
n
k
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
h
ea
t b
alan
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
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wer
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ap
p
lied
in
s
im
u
latin
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
a
h
o
t sto
r
a
g
e
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k
:
−
Flu
id
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
t,
an
d
th
e
a
b
s
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r
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t
u
b
e
f
l
o
w
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tead
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d
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n
if
o
r
m
.
−
Ax
ial
(
lo
n
g
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i
n
al)
co
n
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u
ctiv
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h
ea
t tr
an
s
f
er
alo
n
g
th
e
tu
b
e
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
is
n
e
g
lecte
d
.
−
Hea
t lo
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
t
u
b
es is
n
eg
lig
ib
le.
−
T
h
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
an
d
co
n
d
en
s
er
o
p
er
ate
at
eq
u
al
p
r
ess
u
r
e;
t
h
e
ev
ap
o
r
ato
r
an
d
ab
s
o
r
b
er
a
ls
o
s
h
ar
e
eq
u
al
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
−
T
h
e
f
lu
id
ex
itin
g
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
s
atu
r
ated
,
th
e
liq
u
id
lea
v
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
d
en
s
er
is
s
atu
r
ated
,
an
d
th
e
v
ap
o
r
leav
in
g
t
h
e
ev
ap
o
r
ato
r
is
s
atu
r
ated
.
−
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
leav
in
g
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
at
th
e
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
in
t,
a
n
d
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
ex
iti
n
g
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
is
s
atu
r
ated
.
−
T
h
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
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v
alv
e
o
p
er
ates
u
n
d
er
a
d
iab
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
n
o
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ea
t e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
with
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
)
.
−
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
u
s
ef
u
l
h
ea
t g
ain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ar
ab
o
lic
co
llecto
r
,
,
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
(
1
)
[2
0
]
.
=
[
−
(
−
)
]
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
ab
s
o
r
b
e
r
tu
b
e
ar
ea
,
is
th
e
a
b
s
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r
b
er
a
r
ea
,
is
th
e
in
let
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
th
e
h
ea
t
r
em
o
v
al
f
ac
to
r
(
F
R
)
,
is
th
e
o
v
er
all
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ea
t
lo
s
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co
ef
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icien
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in
th
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g
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e
,
is
t
h
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
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atu
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e
,
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d
is
th
e
ac
h
i
ev
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t
o
f
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
in
th
e
co
llecto
r
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
tu
b
e,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
(
2
)
[2
0
]
.
=
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
o
lar
in
ten
s
ity
,
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
ittan
ce
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
tu
b
e,
is
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
,
is
th
e
r
ef
lectiv
en
ess
,
an
d
is
th
e
o
b
je
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
tu
b
e
[2
0
]
.
An
en
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
o
n
th
e
u
n
s
tr
atif
ied
tan
k
in
th
e
ch
a
r
g
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
3
)
.
Similar
ly
,
an
en
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g
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b
alan
ce
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th
e
u
n
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tr
atif
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k
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is
ch
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e
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iv
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y
(
4
)
.
(
)
dT
dt
+
̇
=
[
−
−
(
)
(
,
−
]
(
3
)
(
)
dT
dt
−
̇
=
[
−
−
(
)
(
,
−
]
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
2
5
:
1
0
1
1
-
1
0
2
2
1014
W
h
er
e
̇
is
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
p
o
wer
,
is
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ea
t
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
wate
r
,
is
th
e
m
ass
o
f
wa
ter
,
i
s
th
e
th
er
m
al
o
v
er
all
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
er
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
t
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
,
is
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
y
cl
e
g
en
er
ato
r
lo
ad
,
is
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
a
g
e
tan
k
,
a
n
d
,
is
th
e
o
ld
h
o
t ta
n
k
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
b
ef
o
r
e
∆
tim
e
s
tep
.
I
n
p
ar
af
f
in
PC
M,
th
e
g
en
er
al
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
wer
ac
c
u
m
u
lated
d
u
r
in
g
c
h
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
c
h
ar
g
in
g
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
(
5
)
[2
1
]
.
T
h
is
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
p
o
wer
v
ar
iatio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
c
h
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
̇
=
[
(
−
−
ℎ
)
+
ℎ
+
(
−
ℎ
−
)
]
3600
x
∆
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ea
t
c
ap
ac
ity
o
f
p
ar
af
f
in
PC
M
,
is
th
e
m
ass
o
f
p
ar
af
f
in
PC
M
,
ℎ
is
th
e
l
aten
t
h
ea
t
o
f
PC
M,
is
th
e
m
e
ltin
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
p
ar
af
f
in
,
−
ℎ
is
th
e
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
p
ar
af
f
in
at
in
itial
o
f
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
er
io
d
,
∆
is
th
e
tim
e
s
tep
,
an
d
−
ℎ
is
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
p
ar
a
f
f
in
at
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
n
ew
h
o
t ta
n
k
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
af
ter
∆
tim
e
s
tep
in
ch
ar
g
in
g
m
o
d
is
d
ef
in
e
d
as
(
6
)
[
1
3
]
.
,
=
,
+
∆
(
)
[
−
̇
−
−
(
)
(
,
−
]
(
6
)
T
h
e
n
ew
h
o
t ta
n
k
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
af
ter
∆
tim
e
s
tep
in
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
m
o
d
is
d
ef
in
e
d
as
(
7
)
[2
2
]
.
,
=
,
+
∆
(
)
[
+
̇
−
−
(
)
(
,
−
]
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
,
is
th
e
o
ld
h
o
t sto
r
ag
e
t
an
k
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
b
e
f
o
r
e
tim
e
s
t
ep
1
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
b
ala
n
ce
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
(
8
)
[2
3
]
.
Her
e,
1
,
̇
is
th
e
m
as
s
f
lo
w
r
a
te
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
i
n
g
f
lu
id
(
am
m
o
n
ia)
,
8
,
A
̇
is
th
e
m
ass
f
lo
w
r
ate
o
f
am
m
o
n
ia
at
s
atu
r
atio
n
c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
ℎ
1
,
is
th
e
am
m
o
n
ia
en
t
h
alp
y
,
a
n
d
ℎ
7
,
is
th
e
am
m
o
n
ia
en
t
h
alp
y
at
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
.
=
1
,
̇
ℎ
1
,
+
8
,
A
̇
ℎ
8
,
−
7
,
̇
ℎ
7
,
(
8
)
Fo
r
th
e
co
n
d
en
s
er
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
9
)
[2
4
]
.
=
1
,
̇
ℎ
1
,
−
2
,
̇
ℎ
2
,
)
(
9
)
Fo
r
th
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
v
al
v
e
,
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
0
)
.
ℎ
2
,
=
ℎ
3
,
(
1
0
)
Fo
r
th
e
e
v
ap
o
r
ato
r
,
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
b
alan
ce
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
1
)
[2
5
]
.
=
4
,
̇
ℎ
4
,
−
3
,
̇
ℎ
3
,
(
1
1
)
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
m
p
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
th
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
ala
n
ce
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
2
)
[2
5
]
.
=
6
,
̇
ℎ
6
,
−
5
,
̇
ℎ
5
,
(
1
2
)
Fo
r
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
er
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
3
)
[2
6
]
.
=
4
,
̇
ℎ
4
,
+
10
,
̇
ℎ
10
,
−
5
,
̇
ℎ
5
,
(
1
3
)
T
h
e
f
in
al
en
e
r
g
y
b
alan
ce
is
o
b
tain
ed
as
(
1
4
)
.
+
=
+
(
1
4
)
Fo
r
h
ea
t e
x
ch
a
n
g
er
,
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
b
alan
ce
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
5
)
.
=
8
,
̇
(
ℎ
8
,
A
−
ℎ
9
,
A
)
=
7
,
̇
(
ℎ
7
,
−
ℎ
6
,
)
(
1
5
)
T
h
e
C
OP o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
6
)
[2
6
]
.
=
(
1
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
mp
r
o
ve
th
e
th
erma
l p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f th
e
c
o
mb
in
ed
w
a
ter
-
p
a
r
a
ffin
h
o
t sto
r
a
g
e
ta
n
k
…
(
Ma
k
i H
a
j Za
id
a
n
)
1015
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
an
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
p
ar
af
f
i
n
in
to
th
e
lin
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ased
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u
r
e
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h
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ch
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f
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u
r
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wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
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)
illu
s
tr
ates e
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is
ch
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t sto
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et,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
r
o
p
s
to
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
s
tay
s
th
er
e
f
o
r
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
th
r
ee
h
o
u
r
s
,
en
ab
li
n
g
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
co
n
tin
u
e
o
p
er
a
tin
g
u
n
d
er
s
u
itab
l
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
in
ten
s
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
a
y
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
f
wate
r
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
5
% PC
M
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
ay
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
wate
r
co
n
tain
in
g
1
0
%
p
ar
a
f
f
in
r
em
ain
s
lo
wer
t
h
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
wate
r
with
o
u
t
p
a
r
af
f
in
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
tim
e.
T
h
e
PC
M
p
ar
af
f
in
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t
u
n
til
it
r
ea
ch
es
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t,
wh
ich
r
em
ain
s
co
n
s
tan
t
wh
ile
s
to
r
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
as
laten
t
h
ea
t.
T
h
is
o
p
e
r
atio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
ter
f
er
e
with
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
On
ce
th
e
p
ar
a
f
f
in
co
m
p
letely
m
elts
,
th
e
PC
M
r
em
ain
s
s
o
lid
if
th
er
e
is
n
'
t e
n
o
u
g
h
h
ea
t to
co
n
t
in
u
e
with
f
u
r
th
er
p
h
ase
ch
an
g
e.
I
t sto
r
es e
x
ce
s
s
h
ea
t a
s
s
en
s
i
b
le
h
ea
t w
h
en
s
o
lar
in
ten
s
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
b
ef
o
r
e
s
u
n
s
et.
At
s
u
n
s
et,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
ea
ch
es
a
s
atu
r
atio
n
p
o
i
n
t
an
d
r
em
ain
s
th
er
e
f
o
r
a
f
ew
h
o
u
r
s
,
allo
win
g
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
o
p
er
ate
u
n
d
e
r
o
p
tim
al
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
wate
r
co
n
tain
in
g
1
5
%
p
ar
af
f
i
n
r
em
a
in
s
lo
wer
th
an
th
at
o
f
t
h
e
wat
er
with
o
u
t
p
ar
af
f
in
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
.
T
h
e
PC
M
p
ar
af
f
in
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t
u
n
til
it
r
ea
c
h
es
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
8
5
°C
.
At
th
is
p
o
in
t,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
tab
ilizes
as
th
e
p
ar
af
f
in
s
to
r
es
e
n
er
g
y
as
laten
t h
ea
t.
T
h
is
h
ea
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
On
ce
th
e
p
ar
af
f
in
is
f
u
lly
m
elted
,
t
h
e
PC
M
r
em
ain
s
s
o
lid
wh
en
th
e
av
ailab
le
h
ea
t
is
n
'
t
en
o
u
g
h
to
ca
u
s
e
f
u
r
th
er
p
h
ase
ch
an
g
e.
I
t
s
to
r
es
ex
tr
a
h
ea
t
as
s
en
s
ib
le
h
ea
t
as
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
d
im
in
is
h
es
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
s
u
n
s
et.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
tay
s
s
tead
y
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
8
5
°C
f
o
r
n
ea
r
ly
th
r
ee
h
o
u
r
s
,
wh
ich
is
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
k
ee
p
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
r
u
n
n
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
e
r
io
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
h
o
t
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
wate
r
with
a
n
d
w
ith
o
u
t 1
0
% PC
M
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
e
d
ay
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
f
wate
r
with
a
n
d
with
o
u
t 1
5
% PC
M
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
7
9
2
I
mp
r
o
ve
th
e
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erma
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erfo
r
ma
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(
Ma
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id
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1017
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
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wate
r
co
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tain
in
g
2
0
%
p
ar
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f
i
n
r
em
ain
s
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an
th
e
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r
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o
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t
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ar
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in
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ay
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th
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in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ar
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f
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co
n
ten
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
h
ea
t
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r
aise
its
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
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h
e
PC
M
p
ar
af
f
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ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t
u
n
til
its
m
eltin
g
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o
in
t
o
f
8
5
°C
.
Du
e
to
th
e
g
r
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ter
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
ar
af
f
in
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
ea
t
an
d
tim
e
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
to
s
tab
ilize
a
s
th
e
p
ar
af
f
in
s
to
r
es
en
er
g
y
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
laten
t
h
ea
t.
T
h
is
h
ea
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
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ce
s
s
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
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u
r
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g
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ay
lig
h
t
h
o
u
r
s
.
Sin
c
e
th
e
av
ailab
le
h
ea
t
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s
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f
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m
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lete
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ase
ch
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g
e,
th
e
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M
r
em
ain
s
s
o
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an
d
s
to
r
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s
s
h
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t
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h
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t
as
s
o
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ten
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ity
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ec
r
ea
s
es
to
war
d
s
u
n
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et.
T
h
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
s
tab
ilizes
at
ar
o
u
n
d
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5
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f
o
r
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th
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th
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o
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r
s
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ich
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s
u
f
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icien
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u
s
tain
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y
s
tem
o
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er
atio
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d
u
r
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n
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th
at
p
e
r
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d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ay
n
o
t
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ea
ch
th
e
d
es
ir
ed
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
e
ar
ly
d
ay
lig
h
t
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
is
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
co
ll
ec
to
r
s
b
y
ex
ten
d
in
g
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
er
atin
g
r
a
n
g
e
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
th
e
wate
r
f
r
o
m
r
ea
c
h
in
g
its
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
in
t
ar
o
u
n
d
m
id
d
ay
.
Fig
u
r
es
8
–
1
1
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
at
a
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
8
3
–
8
5
°C
)
,
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
y
cle
o
p
er
a
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
a
1
-
cu
b
ic
-
m
eter
h
o
t
wate
r
tan
k
.
T
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
b
alan
ce
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
a
r
ea
l
co
o
lin
g
lo
ad
th
at
v
ar
ies
with
am
b
ien
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
a
1
0
-
s
q
u
ar
e
-
m
eter
p
ar
a
b
o
lic
co
n
ce
n
tr
ic
co
llecto
r
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
ese
f
ig
u
r
es
in
clu
d
e
s
tatis
t
ical
b
ar
s
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
b
o
th
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
PC
M,
f
o
r
PC
M
v
o
lu
m
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
s
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
5
%
to
2
0
%.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ea
r
ly
m
o
r
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
e
h
o
t
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
m
ain
tain
s
wate
r
at
8
5
°C
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
ter
d
u
r
atio
n
in
th
e
ta
n
k
c
o
n
tain
in
g
5
%
p
ar
af
f
in
th
an
in
th
e
tan
k
with
o
u
t
p
ar
af
f
in
.
T
h
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
al
o
p
e
r
atin
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
d
elay
e
d
b
y
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
is
p
er
i
o
d
e
x
ten
d
s
b
y
s
ev
er
al
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
.
T
h
is
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
d
u
e
t
o
p
a
r
af
f
in
,
wh
ich
ac
ts
as
a
PC
M.
T
h
e
P
C
M
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t
u
n
til
i
t
r
ea
c
h
es
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t,
s
to
r
in
g
en
er
g
y
as
laten
t
h
ea
t
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
c
o
n
s
tan
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
.
I
t
co
n
ti
n
u
es
to
ab
s
o
r
b
h
ea
t
at
th
is
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
tim
e,
th
en
r
em
ain
s
in
a
liq
u
i
d
s
tate
an
d
s
to
r
es
a
d
d
itio
n
al
en
er
g
y
as
s
en
s
ib
le
h
ea
t,
with
o
u
t
d
is
r
u
p
tin
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
o
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
As
s
o
lar
r
ad
ia
tio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
an
d
th
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
d
r
o
p
s
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
th
e
PC
M
s
tar
ts
to
s
o
lid
if
y
at
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
itio
n
h
elp
s
s
u
s
tain
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
at
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
x
im
at
ely
two
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
at
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
af
ter
n
o
o
n
p
e
r
io
d
,
th
e
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
th
e
h
ea
t
ed
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
r
em
ai
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
8
5
°C
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
h
o
u
r
s
i
n
th
e
tan
k
co
n
tain
in
g
1
0
%
p
a
r
af
f
in
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
tan
k
with
wate
r
o
n
ly
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
p
ar
af
f
i
n
as
a
PC
M.
T
h
e
PC
M
is
h
ea
ted
u
n
til
it
m
elts
at
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
is
s
to
r
ed
as
laten
t
h
ea
t,
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
.
W
h
en
f
u
ll
y
m
elted
an
d
wh
en
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
e
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
to
f
all
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
th
e
PC
M
b
eg
in
s
to
s
o
lid
if
y
at
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
itio
n
r
elea
s
es
th
e
tr
ap
p
ed
laten
t
h
ea
t,
h
elp
in
g
to
k
ee
p
th
e
h
o
t sto
r
ag
e
tan
k
at
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
8
5
°C
f
o
r
ab
o
u
t f
o
u
r
h
o
u
r
s
lo
n
g
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
o
f
wate
r
with
a
n
d
with
o
u
t 2
0
% PC
M
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
ay
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
wate
r
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
5
% PC
M
an
d
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
1
0
1
1
-
1
0
2
2
1018
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
-
af
ter
n
o
o
n
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
with
1
5
%
p
ar
af
f
in
co
n
ten
t
m
ain
tain
s
a
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
it.
Un
lik
e
wate
r
-
o
n
ly
tan
k
s
,
th
e
PC
M
ab
s
o
r
b
s
ex
ce
s
s
h
ea
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
co
l
lecto
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
its
p
h
ase
t
r
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
s
o
lid
to
liq
u
id
.
T
h
e
PC
M
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t
u
n
til
it
r
ea
ch
es
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
i
n
t,
s
to
r
in
g
t
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
as
laten
t
h
ea
t
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
85
°C
.
On
ce
f
u
lly
m
elted
,
an
d
as
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
i
n
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
th
e
PC
M
b
eg
in
s
to
s
o
lid
if
y
at
it
s
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
itio
n
r
elea
s
es
th
e
s
to
r
ed
laten
t
h
ea
t,
allo
win
g
th
e
h
ea
ted
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
o
p
tim
al
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
th
r
ee
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
PC
M
co
n
ten
t
ab
o
v
e
1
5
%
d
id
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
e
at
s
to
r
ag
e,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
ar
af
f
in
h
ad
litt
le
ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
e
to
tal
am
o
u
n
t o
f
h
ea
t sto
r
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
ws th
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
-
n
o
o
n
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
e
h
ea
ted
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
m
ain
tain
s
a
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
ter
p
er
io
d
in
th
e
tan
k
co
n
tai
n
in
g
2
0
%
p
a
r
af
f
in
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
tan
k
c
o
n
tain
i
n
g
1
5
%
p
a
r
af
f
in
a
n
d
th
e
tan
k
with
o
u
t
p
ar
af
f
i
n
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
ar
af
f
in
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
h
ea
t
to
h
ea
t
it
to
its
m
eltin
g
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
PC
M
co
n
tin
u
es
to
a
b
s
o
r
b
h
ea
t
u
n
til
it
r
ea
ch
es
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t,
s
to
r
in
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
as
laten
t
h
ea
t
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
th
e
PC
M
b
e
g
in
s
to
s
o
lid
if
y
at
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t,
allo
win
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
o
p
tim
al
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
p
er
io
d
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
PC
M
co
n
ten
t
ab
o
v
e
2
0
% d
id
n
o
t im
p
r
o
v
e
h
ea
t sto
r
ag
e,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
ar
af
f
in
d
id
n
o
t a
f
f
ec
t th
e
to
tal
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
h
ea
t sto
r
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Day
tim
e
o
p
er
atin
g
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
an
d
wate
r
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
ch
a
n
g
es
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
1
0
% PC
M
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
ay
a
n
d
th
e
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
with
an
d
with
o
u
t 1
5
% PC
M
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
d
ay
a
n
d
th
e
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
with
an
d
with
o
u
t 2
0
% PC
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
mp
r
o
ve
th
e
th
erma
l p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f th
e
c
o
mb
in
ed
w
a
ter
-
p
a
r
a
ffin
h
o
t sto
r
a
g
e
ta
n
k
…
(
Ma
k
i H
a
j Za
id
a
n
)
1019
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
p
er
ati
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
a
h
o
t
tan
k
co
n
tain
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
PC
M
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
.
T
y
p
ically
,
t
h
e
wate
r
tan
k
n
o
t
o
n
ly
m
ain
tain
s
a
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
,
b
u
t
also
ex
ce
e
d
s
it
a
n
d
m
a
y
e
v
en
r
ea
ch
th
e
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
wate
r
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
a
tan
k
with
5
%
PC
M
m
ain
tain
s
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
b
elo
w
th
e
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
wate
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ex
ten
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
r
u
n
tim
e
is
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
at
1
0
%
PC
M.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
d
ela
y
ed
b
y
ab
o
u
t
an
h
o
u
r
b
ef
o
r
e
n
o
o
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tin
u
es
to
o
p
e
r
ate
f
o
r
s
ev
e
r
al
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
af
ter
s
u
n
s
et.
Af
ter
th
e
PC
M
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
ex
ce
ed
s
1
0
%,
1
5
%,
a
n
d
2
0
%,
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e;
th
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
h
ea
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
m
elt
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
ar
af
f
in
,
wh
ic
h
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
esig
n
c
ap
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
c
o
llecto
r
.
W
h
il
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
co
llecto
r
ar
e
a
m
ay
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
lim
itatio
n
,
it
r
esu
lts
in
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
ex
ten
d
e
d
o
p
er
ati
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
,
co
llecto
r
s
ize,
an
d
PC
M
r
atio
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
an
o
p
tim
al
d
esig
n
th
at
m
ee
ts
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
o
lin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
o
o
m
'
s
co
o
lin
g
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
ch
a
n
g
e
m
ater
ial
ab
s
o
r
b
s
h
ea
t u
n
til it r
ea
ch
es its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t,
s
to
r
in
g
it a
s
laten
t h
ea
t
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
e
v
en
ts
th
e
h
o
t
tan
k
f
r
o
m
o
v
er
h
ea
ti
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
wh
e
n
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
in
ten
s
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es.
On
ce
th
e
PC
M
is
co
m
p
letely
m
elted
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
is
s
to
r
ed
as
s
en
s
ib
le
h
ea
t
with
o
u
t
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
,
as
lo
n
g
as
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
th
e
b
o
ilin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
wate
r
.
As
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
d
e
cr
ea
s
es
an
d
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
d
r
o
p
in
th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
,
th
e
PC
M
b
eg
in
s
to
s
o
lid
if
y
at
its
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
itio
n
,
th
e
s
to
r
ed
laten
t
h
ea
t
is
r
elea
s
ed
,
h
elp
in
g
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
ati
n
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
°C
.
T
h
is
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
h
o
u
r
s
in
to
t
h
e
ev
e
n
in
g
,
e
v
en
a
f
ter
s
u
n
s
et.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t PC
M
r
atio
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
v
ar
i
atio
n
in
th
e
C
OP
o
v
er
a
d
ay
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
an
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
h
o
u
r
ly
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
tak
en
wh
en
th
e
wate
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
th
e
h
o
t ta
n
k
r
ea
ch
es 8
5
°C
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
ti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
a
1
-
cu
b
ic
-
m
eter
h
o
t
tan
k
,
a
1
0
-
s
q
u
ar
e
-
m
eter
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
ar
e
a,
an
d
co
n
tain
s
1
0
%
p
ar
af
f
in
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
an
d
a
f
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
th
e
c
o
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
(
8
)
to
(
16
)
.
T
h
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
am
e
d
esig
n
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
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u
t
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ased
o
n
a
th
er
m
al
b
alan
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
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s
in
g
(
1
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to
(
16
)
.
Gen
er
ally
,
b
o
th
cu
r
v
es
b
eg
in
at
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
v
alu
es
b
ef
o
r
e
n
o
o
n
a
n
d
th
en
d
ec
lin
e,
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
th
eir
lo
west
p
o
in
t
ar
o
u
n
d
2
:0
0
p
.
m
.
,
wh
en
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
p
ea
k
.
T
h
e
C
OP v
alu
es th
en
r
is
e
ag
ain
as th
e
af
ter
n
o
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
is
attr
ib
u
ted
t
o
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
am
b
ien
t
air
to
c
o
o
l
its
co
n
d
en
s
er
.
As
th
e
am
b
ie
n
t
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
d
e
n
s
er
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
h
ea
t
r
ejec
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
lo
we
r
in
g
th
e
C
OP.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
h
ea
t
r
ejec
tio
n
im
p
r
o
v
es
as
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
c
r
ea
s
es
later
in
th
e
d
ay
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
h
ig
h
er
C
OP.
T
h
e
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
is
s
lig
h
t
(
less
th
an
5
%),
in
d
ica
tin
g
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
in
th
e
th
er
m
al
b
ala
n
ce
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
tle
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
ex
p
ec
ted
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
te
d
to
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
an
d
th
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
m
ad
e
i
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l th
er
m
al
a
n
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
d
aily
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
C
OP
o
f
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ef
r
i
g
er
atio
n
cy
cle.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
b
eg
in
s
at
1
0
:0
0
a.
m
.
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o
p
er
atin
g
with
o
n
ly
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e
h
o
t
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r
tan
k
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d
at
1
1
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o
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er
ates
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tan
k
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tain
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g
1
0
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o
r
e
p
ar
af
f
i
n
.
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h
is
d
elay
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
ad
d
it
io
n
al
tim
e
n
ee
d
ed
t
o
h
ea
t
th
e
e
x
tr
a
p
ar
a
f
f
in
i
n
th
e
tan
k
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
in
ten
s
if
ies
to
war
d
m
id
d
ay
,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
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d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
d
ay
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
.
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h
is
d
ec
lin
e
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
r
is
in
g
am
b
ien
t a
ir
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
h
ea
t d
is
s
ip
a
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
’
s
co
n
d
en
s
e
r
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ac
tiv
ates
wh
en
th
e
tan
k
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
ea
ch
es
8
5
°C
,
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
in
itiate
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
r
ef
r
ig
e
r
atio
n
cy
cle
g
en
er
at
o
r
.
W
h
ile
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
’
s
tem
p
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atu
r
e
r
em
ain
s
r
elativ
ely
s
tab
le,
th
e
ac
tu
al
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v
ar
ies
with
th
e
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ar
af
f
i
n
a
n
d
s
to
r
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e
tan
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
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C
h
an
g
es
i
n
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m
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ien
t
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th
r
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o
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lu
e
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n
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e
n
s
er
’
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ab
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to
r
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t
in
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T
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e
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o
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ar
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i
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h
a
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ce
s
th
e
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y
s
tem
’
s
th
er
m
al
s
to
r
ag
e
ef
f
icien
cy
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
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