I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
,
p
p
.
9
6
0
~
9
6
9
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
14
.
i
4
.
pp
960
-
969
960
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m/
Tra
nsm
iss
io
n line f
a
ult
detec
tion us
ing
empirica
l mo
de
deco
mpo
sitio
n in
presence o
f
win
d
intermi
tt
ency
Venk
a
t
a
K
rish
na
B
o
kk
a
1,
2
,
E
.
R.
B
ij
u
1
,
Sa
i V
ee
rr
a
j
u M
o
rt
ha
2
,
M
a
j
a
ha
r
H
us
s
a
in M
a
ha
m
m
a
d
3
,
Sh
a
ik
M
o
ha
m
m
a
d Irs
ha
d
3
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
A
n
n
a
m
a
l
a
i
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
C
h
i
d
a
mb
a
r
a
m,
I
n
d
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
S
a
g
i
R
a
ma
k
r
i
s
h
n
a
m
r
a
j
u
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
B
h
i
ma
v
a
r
a
m,
I
n
d
i
a
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
K
i
n
g
K
h
a
l
i
d
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
A
b
h
a
,
S
a
u
d
i
A
r
a
b
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
1
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
1
4
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
Oct
1
6
,
2
0
2
5
Th
e
re
g
u
lar
fa
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
a
re
fa
il
e
d
to
d
e
tec
t
th
e
fa
u
l
ts
in
wi
n
d
in
teg
ra
ted
tran
sm
issio
n
n
e
two
r
k
s
d
u
e
t
o
i
n
term
it
ten
c
y
n
a
tu
re
o
f
th
e
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
.
M
o
re
re
li
a
b
le
sc
h
e
m
e
s
a
re
re
q
u
ired
to
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
s
h
th
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
fa
u
lt
s in
p
re
se
n
c
e
win
d
.
T
h
is
a
rti
c
le p
ro
p
o
se
d
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
(EM
D)
b
a
se
d
fa
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
to
d
e
tec
t
v
a
ri
o
u
s
fa
u
lt
s
in
win
d
in
te
g
ra
ted
tran
sm
issio
n
l
in
e
s
d
u
ri
n
g
th
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
a
n
d
stre
ss
e
d
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
sy
ste
m
.
Th
e
in
sta
n
tan
e
o
u
s
c
u
rre
n
t
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
a
t
e
it
h
e
r
s
e
n
d
in
g
o
r
re
c
e
iv
in
g
e
n
d
a
re
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
EM
D
to
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
se
it
in
to
a
se
ries
o
f
in
tri
n
sic
m
o
d
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
(I
M
F
s)
a
n
d
IM
F
2
is
id
e
n
ti
fied
a
s
a
d
o
m
in
a
ted
IM
F
with
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
c
a
se
wise
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s.
1
/
4
th
c
y
c
le
m
o
v
i
n
g
win
d
o
w
is
u
se
d
to
c
a
lcu
late
th
e
a
b
s
o
l
u
te
su
m
o
f
t
h
e
IM
F
2
c
o
e
fficie
n
ts
t
o
d
e
tec
t
th
e
f
a
u
lt
s
with
th
e
su
p
p
o
rt
o
f
a
p
re
d
e
fin
e
d
th
re
sh
o
ld
.
Th
e
e
ffica
c
y
o
f
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
is
tes
ted
o
n
d
iffere
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
fa
u
lt
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
o
rm
a
l
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
in
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
win
d
a
n
d
late
r
e
x
ten
d
e
d
to
stre
ss
e
d
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
o
we
r
sw
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
is
re
li
a
b
le
d
u
ri
n
g
th
e
t
y
p
ica
l
c
a
se
s
a
n
d
i
n
c
lu
d
e
s
re
m
o
te
e
n
d
a
n
d
h
ig
h
re
sista
n
c
e
fa
u
lt
s.
All
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
ts
a
re
c
a
rried
o
u
t
i
n
S
imu
li
n
k
t
o
g
e
n
e
ra
te
th
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
d
a
ta an
d
p
r
o
g
ra
m
s
a
re
e
x
e
c
u
ted
in
M
ATLAB.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
m
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
Fau
lt d
etec
tio
n
Fau
lts
Pro
tectio
n
W
in
d
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ven
k
ata
Kr
is
h
n
a
B
o
k
k
a
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
A
n
n
am
alai
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
C
h
id
am
b
ar
am
,
T
am
il
N
ad
u
-
6
0
8
0
0
2
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
b
v
en
k
ata
k
r
is
h
n
a@
g
m
a
il.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
win
d
p
o
wer
i
n
to
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
is
ess
en
tial
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
-
b
ased
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
an
d
n
o
t
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
les
in
to
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es f
o
r
f
au
lt d
etec
t
io
n
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
T
h
e
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
an
d
in
ter
m
itten
c
y
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
m
ak
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
,
as
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
ad
a
p
t
to
r
ap
id
ly
f
lu
ct
u
atin
g
p
o
wer
f
l
o
ws
[
1
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es,
co
u
p
led
with
t
h
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
,
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
d
et
ec
tin
g
an
d
is
o
latin
g
f
au
lts
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es.
A
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
c
h
allen
g
es r
e
q
u
ir
es th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
a
d
v
a
n
ce
d
f
a
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
2
]
.
A
f
ew
r
esea
r
ch
wo
r
k
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
win
d
in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
s
c
h
em
es
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
av
ailab
le
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
th
e
win
d
in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
lin
e
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ica
l m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
mp
o
s
itio
n
…
(
V
en
ka
t
a
K
r
is
h
n
a
B
o
kk
a
)
961
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
ch
em
es
s
u
ch
as
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
a
p
p
lie
d
in
win
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
with
f
ew
c
h
an
g
es
s
o
t
h
at
th
o
s
e
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
t
o
d
etec
t
v
ar
io
u
s
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
s
am
p
les
in
d
icato
r
s
at
b
o
th
ter
m
in
als
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
in
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
win
d
f
a
r
m
s
(
W
F)
in
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
[
4
]
.
Ap
a
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
tial
p
r
o
te
ctio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
u
s
ef
u
l
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
d
u
e
to
ev
en
ts
lik
e
f
au
lts
an
d
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
with
s
u
ch
to
o
ls
ar
e
h
elp
f
u
l
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
attr
i
b
u
tes
lik
e
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
es
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
W
T
)
f
o
r
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
C
lar
k
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
to
f
in
d
th
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
t
r
ee
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
[
5
]
.
Sto
ck
well
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
is
an
o
th
e
r
p
o
wer
f
u
l
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
o
l
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
s
u
g
g
ested
in
[
5
]
an
d
[
6
]
to
d
etec
t
a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
ate
th
e
f
au
lts
f
r
o
m
o
th
e
r
ev
en
ts
i
n
a
win
d
in
teg
r
ate
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
ar
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
en
ce
tech
n
i
q
u
es
lik
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
in
es
an
d
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
also
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
cl
ass
if
icatio
n
task
s
[
7
]
.
A
h
y
b
r
i
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
o
ls
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
a
d
ap
tiv
e
f
au
lt
class
if
icatio
n
in
win
d
en
er
g
y
in
te
g
r
ated
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
8
]
.
T
h
ese
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
s
u
tili
ze
d
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
ad
ap
tiv
ely
class
if
y
f
au
lts
b
ased
o
n
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
l
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
au
lt
class
if
icatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
to
ch
an
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
av
ailab
le
in
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
f
alls
u
n
d
er
s
u
c
h
h
y
b
r
id
s
ch
em
es.
E
ac
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
its
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
to
d
ev
elo
p
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
e
tectio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
Ov
e
r
all,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
r
aised
b
y
win
d
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
-
b
ased
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
d
etec
t
an
d
class
i
f
y
th
e
f
au
lts
in
win
d
in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
s
[
9
]
.
S
war
m
alg
o
r
ith
m
ass
is
tan
ce
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
to
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
to
s
et
its
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
win
d
-
in
teg
r
ated
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
y
s
tem
s
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izer
(
PS
O)
[
1
0
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
1
]
u
s
ed
teac
h
in
g
lear
n
i
n
g
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
T
L
B
O)
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
win
d
f
ar
m
-
i
n
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
p
o
te
n
tially
o
p
tim
ize
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ac
c
u
r
a
cy
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
f
au
lt
d
etec
ti
o
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
co
m
p
lex
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Af
ter
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
T
L
B
O
an
d
PS
O,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
an
PS
O
[
1
0
]
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
,
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
i
cien
cy
.
A
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
win
d
f
ar
m
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
u
t
ilizin
g
s
in
g
le
-
en
d
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
f
o
r
f
au
lt
id
en
t
if
icatio
n
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
av
ailab
le
in
[
1
2
]
.
All
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
[
5
]
-
[
1
2
]
te
s
ted
o
n
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
els
in
teg
r
ated
with
lar
g
e
p
en
etr
ate
d
W
F.
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
l
o
g
ics
f
u
r
th
er
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
els
in
teg
r
ated
with
W
F
an
d
FAC
T
S.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
wo
r
k
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
A
n
e
n
h
an
ce
d
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
lo
ca
tio
n
task
s
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
co
m
p
en
s
ated
with
th
y
r
is
to
r
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
er
ies
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
T
C
SC
)
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
win
d
f
ar
m
s
[
1
3
]
.
A
ls
o
an
o
th
e
r
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
n
win
d
in
teg
r
ated
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
with
T
C
SC
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
p
h
a
s
es
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
d
etec
tio
n
in
T
C
SC
-
co
m
p
en
s
ated
lin
es
in
teg
r
at
ed
with
win
d
f
ar
m
s
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
to
p
ics
o
f
t
h
is
wo
r
k
.
I
t
lik
el
y
ex
p
lo
r
es
a
d
v
an
ce
d
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
au
lt
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
s
p
ee
d
.
Similar
to
T
C
SC
,
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
u
n
if
ied
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
1
5
]
a
n
d
s
tatic
VAR
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
[
1
6
]
alo
n
g
with
win
d
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
a
n
d
in
tellig
en
t
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
ad
o
p
ted
to
d
esig
n
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
task
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
ese
a
r
ticles
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
d
i
v
er
s
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
tech
n
i
q
u
es
to
en
h
an
ce
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
lik
e
win
d
f
ar
m
s
.
Hy
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
war
m
in
tellig
en
ce
tech
n
iq
u
es,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
to
o
ls
p
lay
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
les
i
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
2
]
.
An
o
th
er
c
h
allen
g
e
is
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
f
au
lts
d
u
r
in
g
s
tr
ess
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
lik
e
p
o
wer
s
win
g
[
2
3
]
.
Few
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
av
ailab
le
to
d
etec
t sy
m
m
etr
ical
f
au
lts
d
u
r
in
g
p
o
wer
s
win
g
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
p
h
aso
r
-
as
s
is
ted
p
o
wer
s
win
g
d
etec
tio
n
,
wh
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
e
c
r
u
cial
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sy
n
ch
r
o
p
h
aso
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
en
ab
les
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics,
aid
in
g
in
ea
r
ly
d
etec
t
io
n
o
f
p
o
wer
s
win
g
s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
f
au
lts
[
1
7
]
.
M
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
t
o
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
i
n
win
d
in
te
g
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
s
tr
ess
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
id
en
tif
y
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
f
au
lts
in
win
d
in
teg
r
at
ed
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
u
n
d
er
b
o
th
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
s
tr
ess
ed
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
th
is
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
E
MD
-
b
ased
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
id
en
tify
f
au
lts
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
a
b
s
o
lu
te
to
tal
o
f
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
I
MF
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
1
/
4
th
win
d
o
w.
T
h
e
i
n
d
ices
ar
e
th
e
n
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
a
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
esh
o
l
d
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
is
ev
alu
ated
u
n
d
er
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
ty
p
es
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
s
itu
ati
o
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
,
f
au
lt
in
itiatio
n
,
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
,
an
d
f
au
lt
n
atu
r
e
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
ar
e
ex
p
an
d
e
d
to
in
clu
d
e
a
v
a
r
i
ety
o
f
f
au
lts
,
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
r
em
o
te
e
n
d
f
au
lts
.
T
o
e
x
am
in
e
th
e
m
eth
o
d
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
it
was
also
v
ali
d
ated
u
n
d
er
p
o
wer
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
9
6
0
-
969
962
s
win
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
MA
T
L
AB
-
Simu
lin
k
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
etails
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
test
s
y
s
tem
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
C
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
o
f
test
s
y
s
tem
eith
er
at
s
en
d
in
g
o
r
r
ec
eiv
ed
en
d
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
MD
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
a
s
er
ies
o
f
I
MFs.
E
MD
is
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
with
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
.
I
n
b
io
m
e
d
ic
al
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
E
MD
aid
s
in
an
aly
zin
g
elec
tr
o
ca
r
d
io
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
ir
r
eg
u
lar
ities
o
r
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
in
h
ea
r
t r
h
y
th
m
s
.
I
n
f
in
an
ce
,
it a
s
s
is
t
s
in
an
aly
zin
g
s
to
ck
m
ar
k
et
d
ata
to
id
en
tif
y
tr
en
d
s
an
d
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
.
I
n
g
e
o
p
h
y
s
ics,
E
MD
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
eismic
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
,
h
elp
in
g
to
d
is
ce
r
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
g
eo
lo
g
ical
f
ea
t
u
r
es
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
h
az
ar
d
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
E
MD
f
in
d
s
u
tili
ty
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
cien
ce
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
clim
ate
d
ata
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
lo
n
g
-
te
r
m
tr
e
n
d
s
an
d
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
.
I
ts
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
to
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
a
r
y
s
ig
n
als,
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
to
n
o
is
e,
an
d
ab
ilit
y
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
in
ter
p
r
eta
b
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
ak
e
E
MD
a
v
al
u
ab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
a
n
d
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
d
is
cip
lin
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
ew
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
r
elay
in
g
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
4
]
wh
er
e
th
e
E
MD
is
u
s
ed
to
d
is
c
r
im
in
ate
th
e
ev
en
ts
.
I
t
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
es
th
e
r
aw
d
ata
o
f
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
f
ield
s
o
f
in
ter
e
s
t
in
to
a
s
er
ies
o
f
s
ev
er
al
o
s
cill
ato
r
y
m
o
d
es
ca
lled
in
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
d
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
I
MFs)
an
d
r
esid
u
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t.
L
e
t i(
t)
is
av
ailab
le
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ata
i
n
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
p
h
ase
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
MD
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
I
MFs an
d
o
n
e
r
es
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Ma
th
e
m
atica
lly
:
(
)
=
∑
(
)
+
(
)
=
1
(
1
)
wh
er
e
d
i
is
th
e
I
MF
o
f
i
th
o
s
c
illato
r
y
m
o
d
e
an
d
r
is
th
e
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
I
MFs
ar
e
s
im
p
le
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
s
cillatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
i(
t)
a
n
d
f
in
al
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
av
ailab
le
in
r
(
t)
.
T
h
e
u
p
p
er
a
n
d
lo
wer
e
n
v
elo
p
es
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
i(
t)
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
lo
ca
l m
a
x
im
a
an
d
lo
ca
l m
in
im
a
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
2
)
.
(
)
=
1
2
{
(
)
+
(
)
}
(
2
)
T
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
s
ig
n
al
a
v
ailab
le
af
ter
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
en
v
elo
p
e
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
3
)
.
ℎ
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
(
3
)
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t I
MF
i
s
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
3
)
an
d
th
e
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t is r
ep
lacin
g
th
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l sig
n
al
to
ex
tr
ac
t
f
u
r
th
er
I
MFs
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
im
ilar
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
u
n
til
n
o
I
MF
is
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
e
s
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Am
o
n
g
all
I
MFs,
a
d
o
m
in
ated
I
MF
is
id
e
n
tifie
d
wi
th
th
e
h
el
p
o
f
f
ew
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies a
n
d
th
e
f
au
lt d
etec
tio
n
in
d
e
x
is
d
esig
n
ed
o
n
th
e
d
o
m
in
ated
I
MF.
Fo
r
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
d
i
(
t)
is
th
e
i
th
I
MF
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al
i
(
t)
,
th
en
th
e
in
d
ex
co
m
p
u
ted
f
o
r
th
e
N
s
am
p
les (
s
ize
o
f
win
d
o
w)
is
(
4
)
.
=
∑
|
(
)
|
=
1
(
4
)
W
h
en
th
e
in
d
ex
v
alu
e
e
x
ce
e
d
s
th
e
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
en
f
au
lts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
a
n
d
wh
ich
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
(
5
)
.
>
(
5
)
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
is
ex
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
h
ase
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
with
s
ep
ar
ate
in
d
ices
b
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
th
r
e
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
MD
a
n
d
ex
t
r
ac
tin
g
th
e
s
er
ies
o
f
I
MFs
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
ated
I
M
F.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
s
in
g
le
in
d
ex
,
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
i
n
d
icato
r
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
to
d
etec
t
v
ar
io
u
s
f
au
lts
in
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
s
tr
ess
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
h
elp
f
u
l
to
class
if
y
th
e
ty
p
es
o
f
f
au
lts
an
d
f
au
lty
p
h
ases
.
3.
T
E
ST
SY
ST
E
M
AND
S
I
M
U
L
AT
I
O
N
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
win
d
in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
co
n
n
ec
t
s
th
e
g
r
id
to
m
ass
iv
e
win
d
f
a
r
m
s
,
is
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
tes
t
s
y
s
tem
's
s
in
g
le
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
.
T
h
e
letter
s
"G"
an
d
"W"
s
tan
d
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
a
n
d
win
d
-
s
id
e
b
u
s
e
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
B
etwe
en
b
u
s
s
es
G
an
d
W
is
a
3
0
0
-
k
ilo
m
eter
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
th
at
ex
p
o
r
ts
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
W
F
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
B
u
s
"G"
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
en
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
E
MD
to
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
ea
ch
p
h
ase
d
ata
in
to
a
s
et
o
f
I
MFs.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
win
d
f
ar
m
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
test
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
[
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
lin
e
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ica
l m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
mp
o
s
itio
n
…
(
V
en
ka
t
a
K
r
is
h
n
a
B
o
kk
a
)
963
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
est s
y
s
tem
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
3
.
1
.
Reg
ula
r
un
s
y
mm
et
rica
l
a
nd
s
y
m
m
et
rica
l
f
a
ults
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
at
G
f
o
r
4
r
e
g
u
lar
u
n
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
an
d
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
ty
p
es
o
f
f
au
l
ts
(
L
G,
L
L
,
LLG
,
an
d
L
L
L
G)
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
af
ter
test
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
L
G
f
au
lt,
AG
f
au
lt
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
with
f
a
u
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
1
2
0
k
m
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
G,
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
1
.
4
s
a
n
d
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
2
0
Ω
.
Similar
ly
,
AB
,
B
C
G
,
an
d
AB
C
G
f
au
lts
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
with
f
au
lt
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ar
e
clea
r
l
y
v
is
ib
le
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
(
a)
,
2
(
b
)
,
2
(
c
)
,
an
d
2
(
d
)
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
in
itiated
in
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
u
s
es
G
an
d
W
.
T
h
ese
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
MD
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
th
e
s
er
ies
o
f
I
MFs
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
A
B
C
G
f
au
lt
is
s
tar
ted
at
1
.
4
1
s
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
A
-
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
MD
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
E
MD
in
ter
m
s
o
f
a
s
er
ies
o
f
I
MFs
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
av
ailab
le
in
I
MF
1
an
d
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
v
is
ib
l
e
f
r
o
m
I
MF
2
to
I
MF
5
.
Af
ter
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
all
th
e
I
MFs,
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
(
with
less
m
ag
n
itu
d
e)
is
f
in
ally
r
etain
ed
.
T
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
s
ig
n
al
an
d
I
MF1
a
r
e
s
im
ilar
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
it
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
I
MF2
is
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
I
MF
as
it
e
x
tr
ac
t
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
is
s
u
e
is
th
e
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
o
f
f
au
lts
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
I
t
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
with
I
MF2
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
I
MF2
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
to
d
esig
n
th
e
f
a
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
i
n
d
icato
r
to
d
etec
t th
e
f
a
u
lts
in
W
F in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es.
Fo
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
au
lts
,
th
e
I
MF2
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
AG
f
au
lt,
t
h
e
I
MF2
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
r
is
e
s
af
ter
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
f
au
lt
in
p
h
ase
A
h
elp
s
t
o
id
e
n
tify
th
e
f
au
lt
y
p
h
ase
to
class
if
y
th
e
ty
p
es
o
f
f
au
lts
alo
n
g
with
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
.
A
p
r
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
1
is
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
tr
ip
f
o
r
ea
c
h
f
a
u
lt
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
at
b
u
s
G
f
o
r
(
a)
A
-
g
,
(
b
)
A
-
B
,
(
c)
B
-
C
-
g
,
a
n
d
(
d
)
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
9
6
0
-
969
964
T
ab
le
1
.
Fau
lt p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
f
au
lts
Ty
p
e
o
f
f
a
u
l
t
F
a
u
l
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
k
m)
F
a
u
l
t
t
i
m
e
(
s)
F
a
u
l
t
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
AB
80
1
.
3
6
5
BCG
2
2
0
1
.
4
4
10
A
B
C
G
1
6
0
1
.
4
1
8
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
MFs o
f
th
e
in
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
cu
r
r
en
t
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Do
m
in
ated
I
MFs o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
f
o
r
(
a
)
A
-
g
an
d
(
b
)
A
-
B
f
a
u
lts
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
AB
f
au
lt,
b
o
th
A
a
n
d
B
p
h
ase
I
MFs
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
ese
I
MFs
ar
e
u
s
ef
u
l
t
o
d
etec
t
an
d
class
if
y
th
e
f
au
lts
wh
ic
h
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
AG,
AB
,
B
C
G
,
an
d
AB
C
G
f
au
lts
ar
e
s
im
u
late
d
u
n
d
er
r
eg
u
lar
f
au
lts
a
n
d
f
in
a
l
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
ac
h
in
d
e
x
is
co
m
p
u
ted
with
I
MF
2
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
with
in
i
tiatio
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt,
th
e
in
d
ex
e
x
ce
ed
s
th
e
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
a
n
d
d
etec
ted
as
f
a
u
lt
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
,
in
d
ex
1
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
in
c
e
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt is
AG
wh
er
ea
s
o
th
er
2
i
n
d
ices a
r
e
b
el
o
w
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
Similar
r
esu
lts
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
AB
,
B
C
G
an
d
AB
C
G
f
au
lts
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
(
b
)
,
5
(
c
),
an
d
5
(
d
)
.
On
ce
th
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
ti
o
n
is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
f
r
o
m
eith
er
o
f
in
d
ices
th
en
f
au
lty
p
h
ase
id
en
tific
atio
n
is
ac
h
iev
ed
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
in
d
ices.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
is
id
en
tifie
d
b
y
th
e
n
eu
r
al
cu
r
r
en
t
o
r
ze
r
o
s
eq
u
en
ce
cu
r
r
en
t.
Fin
ally
,
all
th
e
r
eg
u
lar
t
y
p
es o
f
f
au
lts
ar
e
d
etec
ted
an
d
class
if
ied
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
lin
e
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ica
l m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
mp
o
s
itio
n
…
(
V
en
ka
t
a
K
r
is
h
n
a
B
o
kk
a
)
965
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fin
al
f
a
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
o
f
(
a)
A
-
g
,
(
b
)
A
-
B
,
(
c)
B
-
C
-
g
,
an
d
(
d
)
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
3
.
2
.
T
y
pica
l f
a
ults
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
eg
u
lar
f
a
u
lts
,
th
e
f
au
lts
lo
ca
ted
at
r
em
o
te
ter
m
in
als
an
d
f
au
lts
with
h
ig
h
f
a
u
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
s
ar
e
f
ew
ex
am
p
les
o
f
th
e
ty
p
ical
f
au
lts
.
Dete
ctio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
f
a
u
lts
is
ch
allen
g
in
g
s
in
ce
th
e
f
au
lt
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
is
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
v
a
r
ied
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
E
MD
s
ch
em
e
is
test
ed
o
n
b
o
th
f
au
lts
.
Un
d
er
r
em
o
te
en
d
f
au
lt
ca
s
e,
B
G
f
au
lt
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
with
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
2
8
0
k
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ela
y
p
o
in
t in
itiated
at
1
.
3
8
s
an
d
f
a
u
lt r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
.
3
8
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
3
-
ph
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
m
e
asu
r
ed
at
r
ela
y
p
o
in
t
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
I
MF2
o
f
all
p
h
ases
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
d
ex
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
ese
I
MFs
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
in
d
ices
wh
ich
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Sin
c
e
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
f
au
lt is
B
G,
th
e
i
n
d
ex
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
ng
to
B
-
p
h
ase
r
esp
o
n
d
e
d
to
th
e
f
au
lt
alo
n
g
with
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
is
d
etec
tio
n
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
f
ir
s
t
h
alf
cy
cle
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t w
av
e
f
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
a
u
lt in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e.
T
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
s
in
o
th
er
n
o
n
f
au
lty
p
h
ase
ar
e
b
elo
w
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
f
au
lts
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
en
d
f
au
lts
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
MF2
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
u
n
d
er
r
e
m
o
te
en
d
f
au
l
t
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fau
lt d
etec
tio
n
o
u
t
p
u
ts
o
f
r
em
o
te
en
d
f
au
lt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
9
6
0
-
969
966
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
to
test
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
,
a
h
ig
h
r
esis
tiv
e
f
au
lt
is
s
im
u
lated
.
T
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
im
u
lates
a
B
G
f
au
lt
t
h
at
is
6
5
k
m
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
G,
h
as
a
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
0
0
Ω
,
an
d
h
as
a
f
au
lt
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
1
.
5
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
r
esis
tan
ce
f
au
lt
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
s
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
1
,
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
to
class
if
y
r
eg
u
lar
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
ly
d
etec
tio
n
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
MF
in
d
icato
r
s
in
ca
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
r
esis
tan
ce
f
au
lts
s
in
ce
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
au
lt
is
B
G
an
d
p
h
ase
A
an
d
p
h
ase
B
in
d
icato
r
s
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
an
d
f
ailed
to
g
et
ac
cu
r
ate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt c
lass
if
icatio
n
.
3
.
3
.
F
a
ults durin
g
t
he
s
t
re
s
s
ed
co
nd
it
io
ns
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
is
f
u
r
th
er
test
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tr
ess
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
p
o
wer
s
win
g
)
o
f
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ica
l
f
a
u
lt
is
in
itiated
at
1
.
3
1
s
with
a
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
0
Ω
an
d
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
1
1
0
k
m
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
win
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
at
b
u
s
G
wh
ich
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
MD
to
ex
t
r
ac
t th
e
I
MFs.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
ated
I
MFs ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
f
au
lt d
ete
ctio
n
in
d
ices w
h
ich
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Fr
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
,
it
is
clea
r
ed
th
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
etec
t
th
e
ty
p
ical
3
-
p
h
ase
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
f
au
lts
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
win
g
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fau
lt d
etec
tio
n
o
u
t
p
u
ts
o
f
h
ig
h
r
esis
tiv
e
f
au
lt
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
f
au
lt
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
win
g
co
n
d
itio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Fau
lt d
etec
tio
n
o
u
t
p
u
ts
f
o
r
s
y
m
m
et
r
ical
f
au
lt d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
win
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
lin
e
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ica
l m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
mp
o
s
itio
n
…
(
V
en
ka
t
a
K
r
is
h
n
a
B
o
kk
a
)
967
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
EMD
-
b
ased
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
s
c
h
em
e
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
ar
ticle
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
win
d
f
ar
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
e
is
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
with
s
in
g
le
en
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
b
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
t
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
in
to
E
MD
t
o
ex
t
r
ac
t
a
s
er
ies
o
f
I
MFs.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
ated
I
MF
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
in
d
ex
to
d
etec
t
an
d
class
if
y
th
e
f
au
lts
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
r
eg
u
lar
f
au
lts
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
ty
p
e,
l
o
ca
t
io
n
,
in
ce
p
tio
n
,
a
n
d
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
f
au
lts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
esu
lts
in
c
ase
o
f
ty
p
ical
f
au
lts
in
clu
d
e
r
em
o
te
en
d
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ef
u
l to
d
etec
t th
e
s
y
m
m
etr
i
ca
l f
au
lts
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
wer
s
win
g
co
n
d
itio
n
is
an
o
t
h
er
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Ven
k
ata
Kr
is
h
n
a
B
o
k
k
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
E.
R.
B
iju
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Sai V
ee
r
r
aju
Mo
r
th
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ma
jah
ar
Hu
s
s
ain
Ma
h
am
m
ad
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Sh
aik
Mo
h
am
m
a
d
I
r
s
h
ad
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t a
p
p
lica
b
le
to
th
is
p
ap
er
as n
o
n
ew
d
at
a
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
o
r
an
aly
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Y
.
M
.
N
sa
i
f
,
M
.
S
.
H
o
ss
a
i
n
L
i
p
u
,
A
.
A
y
o
b
,
Y
.
Y
u
so
f
,
a
n
d
A
.
H
u
s
sai
n
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
t
o
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
:
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
su
g
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
EEE
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
6
9
3
–
1
4
2
7
1
7
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
2
1
0
8
7
.
[
2
]
S
.
D
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
F
.
S
.
M
.
A
l
-
I
smai
l
,
M
.
S
h
a
f
i
u
l
l
a
h
,
F
.
A
.
A
l
-
S
u
l
a
i
ma
n
,
a
n
d
I
.
M
.
El
-
A
m
i
n
,
“
G
r
i
d
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
w
i
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
I
E
EE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
5
7
–
1
0
8
7
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
6
4
8
9
6
.
[
3
]
C
.
D
.
P
r
a
s
a
d
,
M
.
B
i
sw
a
l
,
a
n
d
P
.
R
a
y
,
“
Li
n
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
r
e
se
n
c
e
o
f
h
i
g
h
p
e
n
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
p
o
ss
i
b
l
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
8
4
3
3
–
8
4
4
5
,
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
0
0
2
0
2
-
0
2
4
-
0
2
3
1
3
-
y.
[
4
]
A
.
S
a
b
e
r
,
M
.
F
.
S
h
a
a
b
a
n
,
a
n
d
H
.
H
.
Z
e
i
n
e
l
d
i
n
,
“
A
n
e
w
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
smis
si
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
l
a
r
g
e
-
sca
l
e
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
ms,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
e
p
e
s.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
8
2
2
0
.
[
5
]
X
.
D
.
W
a
n
g
,
X
.
G
a
o
,
Y
.
M
.
L
i
u
,
a
n
d
Y
.
W
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
W
R
C
-
S
D
T
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
o
f
f
sh
o
r
e
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
,
”
I
EE
E
A
c
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
5
3
5
4
7
–
5
3
5
6
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
8
1
2
9
4
.
[
6
]
S
.
R
.
O
l
a
,
A
.
S
a
r
a
sw
a
t
,
S
.
K
.
G
o
y
a
l
,
S
.
K
.
J
h
a
j
h
a
r
i
a
,
a
n
d
O
.
P
.
M
a
h
e
l
a
,
“
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
sy
st
e
m
f
a
u
l
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
se
n
c
e
o
f
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
st
o
c
k
w
e
l
l
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
b
a
s
e
d
me
d
i
a
n
,
”
L
e
c
t
u
re
N
o
t
e
s
i
n
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
6
0
7
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
–
3
2
9
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
15
-
0
2
1
4
-
9
_
3
6
.
[
7
]
H
.
S
h
a
h
,
N
.
C
h
o
t
h
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
J.
C
h
a
k
r
a
v
o
r
t
y
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
i
n
t
e
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
sy
s
t
e
m w
i
t
h
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
A
N
N
a
n
d
S
V
M
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
–
2
3
9
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
5
5
9
8
/
a
e
e
e
.
v
2
0
i
3
.
4
4
8
3
.
[
8
]
O
.
Emma
n
u
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
H
y
b
r
i
d
si
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
f
a
u
l
t
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
t
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
1
–
1
0
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
0
8
8
0
/
i
j
i
e
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
1
.
0
4
.
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
9
6
0
-
969
968
[
9
]
P
.
R
a
j
e
sh
,
R
.
K
a
n
n
a
n
,
J.
V
i
sh
n
u
p
r
i
y
a
n
,
a
n
d
B
.
R
a
j
a
n
i
,
“
O
p
t
i
mal
l
y
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
l
a
ssi
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
f
a
u
l
t
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
sy
st
e
m
u
si
n
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
I
S
A
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
0
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
–
2
6
4
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
sa
t
r
a
.
2
0
2
2
.
0
3
.
0
1
7
.
[
1
0
]
C
.
D
.
P
r
a
s
a
d
a
n
d
M
.
B
i
sw
a
l
,
“
S
w
a
r
m
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
-
b
a
se
d
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
sc
h
e
me
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ssi
o
n
s
y
st
e
m,
”
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
rs
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
mp
e
l
e
c
e
n
g
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
6
7
0
9
.
[
1
1
]
C
.
D
.
P
r
a
sa
d
,
M
.
B
i
sw
a
l
,
a
n
d
P
.
R
a
y
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
f
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
-
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
u
si
n
g
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
-
b
a
s
e
d
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
2
0
5
0
-
7
0
3
8
.
1
2
7
3
5
.
[
1
2
]
M
.
P
a
u
l
a
n
d
S
.
D
e
b
n
a
t
h
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
c
h
e
me
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
u
s
i
n
g
si
n
g
l
e
e
n
d
i
mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
,”
I
ET
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Re
se
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
7
–
2
0
6
9
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
0
3
7
7
2
0
6
3
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
8
8
6
6
0
1
.
[
1
3
]
B
.
S
a
h
o
o
a
n
d
S
.
R
.
S
a
m
a
n
t
a
r
a
y
,
“
A
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
f
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
e
st
i
ma
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
T
C
S
C
c
o
mp
e
n
s
a
t
e
d
l
i
n
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
Po
w
e
r
a
n
d
En
e
r
g
y
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
6
,
p
p
.
4
3
2
–
4
4
1
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
e
p
e
s.
2
0
1
7
.
1
0
.
0
2
2
.
[
1
4
]
S
.
K
.
M
o
h
a
n
t
y
,
S
.
B
.
S
a
n
t
r
a
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
i
a
n
o
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
y
p
h
a
s
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
T
C
S
C
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
e
d
l
i
n
e
s
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
ms
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
e
p
e
s.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
9
3
8
3
.
[
1
5
]
S
.
B
i
sw
a
s
a
n
d
P
.
K
.
N
a
y
a
k
,
“
A
f
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
u
n
i
f
i
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
e
d
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
ms
,”
I
EEE
S
y
st
e
m
s
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
–
3
0
6
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JS
Y
S
T.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
6
4
4
2
1
.
[
1
6
]
S
.
K
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
“
A
n
e
u
r
o
-
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
i
n
S
V
C
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
n
d
-
f
e
d
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
,
”
Ai
n
S
h
a
m
s
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
9
9
–
6
1
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
a
s
e
j
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
0
.
0
0
8
.
[
1
7
]
J.
T.
R
a
o
,
B
.
R
.
B
h
a
l
j
a
,
M
.
V
.
A
n
d
r
e
e
v
,
a
n
d
O
.
P
.
M
a
l
i
k
,
“
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
p
h
a
so
r
a
ss
i
st
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
n
g
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
c
h
e
me
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ss
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
D
e
l
i
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l
.
3
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
2
–
1
9
6
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TPW
R
D
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
0
1
8
4
6
.
[
1
8
]
K
.
A
l
K
h
a
r
u
si
,
A
.
E
l
H
a
f
f
a
r
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
e
s
b
a
h
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
u
s
i
n
g
mac
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
5
1
5
5
4
7
5
.
[
1
9
]
E.
R
e
y
e
s
-
A
r
c
h
u
n
d
i
a
,
J.
L
.
G
u
a
r
d
a
d
o
,
J
.
A
.
G
u
t
i
é
r
r
e
z
-
G
n
e
c
c
h
i
,
E
.
L.
M
o
r
e
n
o
-
G
o
y
t
i
a
,
a
n
d
N
.
F
.
G
u
e
r
r
e
r
o
-
R
o
d
r
i
g
u
e
z
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
i
n
T
C
S
C
-
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
e
d
l
i
n
e
s
u
si
n
g
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
s
a
n
d
a
P
N
N
,
”
N
e
u
r
a
l
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
9
1
–
9
0
4
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
0
0
5
2
1
-
016
-
2
7
2
5
-
6.
[
2
0
]
M
.
A
h
a
n
c
h
,
M
.
S
.
A
sasi
,
a
n
d
R
.
M
c
C
a
n
n
,
“
Tr
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
f
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
si
d
e
r
i
n
g
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
su
p
p
o
r
t
v
e
c
t
o
r
ma
c
h
i
n
e
w
i
t
h
h
a
r
r
i
s
h
a
w
k
s
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
S
V
R
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
,
”
2
0
2
1
8
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
I
C
EEE
)
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
–
160
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
EEE5
2
4
5
2
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
4
1
5
8
8
7
.
[
2
1
]
S
.
M
i
t
r
a
,
R
.
M
u
k
h
o
p
a
d
h
y
a
y
,
a
n
d
P
.
C
h
a
t
t
o
p
a
d
h
y
a
y
,
“
P
S
O
d
r
i
v
e
n
d
e
si
g
n
i
n
g
o
f
r
o
b
u
st
a
n
d
c
o
mp
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
1
D
-
C
N
N
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
f
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
E
x
p
e
rt
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
0
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
sw
a
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
1
8
1
7
8
.
[
2
2
]
A
.
A
g
g
a
r
w
a
l
,
H
.
M
a
l
i
k
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
“
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
E
M
D
a
n
d
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
st
i
c
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
f
a
u
l
t
d
i
a
g
n
o
si
s
o
f
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
,
”
2
0
1
6
I
EE
E
1
st
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
y
s
t
e
m
s (I
C
PEIC
ES
)
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
P
EI
C
ES.2
0
1
6
.
7
8
5
3
7
0
9
.
[
2
3
]
B
.
P
a
t
e
l
a
n
d
P
.
B
e
r
a
,
“
F
a
s
t
f
a
u
l
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
n
g
o
n
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
l
i
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
W
P
T,
”
I
ET
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
a
n
d
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
1
–
1
8
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
e
t
-
g
t
d
.
2
0
1
8
.
5
2
3
3
.
[
2
4
]
A
.
A
.
N
a
z
a
r
i
,
F
.
R
a
z
a
v
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
F
a
k
h
a
r
i
a
n
,
“
A
n
e
w
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
n
g
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
met
h
o
d
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
sy
s
t
e
ms
w
i
t
h
l
a
r
g
e
-
sca
l
e
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
ms
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
e
m
p
i
r
i
c
a
l
-
m
o
d
e
d
e
c
o
mp
o
si
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
I
ET
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
T
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
a
n
d
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
4
–
1
2
1
5
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
g
t
d
2
.
1
2
7
2
7
.
[
2
5
]
H
.
A
b
n
i
k
i
,
M
.
H
.
S
a
ms
i
,
B
.
Ta
h
e
r
i
,
a
n
d
F
.
R
a
z
a
v
i
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
sw
i
n
g
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
ms
e
mp
l
o
y
i
n
g
d
e
l
2
s
g
me
t
h
o
d
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
7
–
2
5
8
0
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
4
2
8
3
5
-
0
2
2
-
0
1
3
4
8
-
0.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ve
n
k
a
ta
K
r
ish
n
a
B
o
k
k
a
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
JN
TU
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
i
n
2
0
1
3
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
P
h
.
D
.
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
An
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ch
id
a
m
b
a
ra
m
,
Tam
il
Na
d
u
.
A
t
p
re
se
n
t,
h
e
is w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
EE
E
,
S
RKR
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
C
o
ll
e
g
e
,
B
h
ima
v
a
ra
m
,
An
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
re
st
in
c
lu
d
e
d
istri
b
u
ted
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
b
v
e
n
k
a
tak
rish
n
a
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
E.
R.
Biju
re
c
e
iv
e
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
S
AST
RA
Un
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
fr
o
m
An
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
i
v
e
rsity
in
2
0
0
6
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
An
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
(De
p
u
te),
Ch
id
a
m
b
a
ra
m
,
Tam
il
Na
d
u
.
His
r
e
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
in
c
lu
d
e
s
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
d
istr
ib
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
a
n
a
ly
sis
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
u
tt
a
n
b
ij
u
@re
d
iffma
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
lin
e
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ica
l m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
mp
o
s
itio
n
…
(
V
en
ka
t
a
K
r
is
h
n
a
B
o
kk
a
)
969
S
a
i
Ve
e
r
r
a
ju
M
o
r
th
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
n
M
.
E
.
d
e
g
re
e
fr
o
m
An
n
a
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
Ph
.
D
.
fr
o
m
JN
TU,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
i
n
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
1
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
wo
r
k
in
g
a
s
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
S
RKR
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
Bh
ima
v
a
ra
m
,
An
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
I
n
d
ia.
His
a
re
a
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
in
c
lu
d
e
s
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
sta
b
il
it
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sa
iv
e
e
rra
ju
@y
a
h
o
o
.
c
o
.
i
n
.
Ma
ja
h
a
r
H
u
ss
a
in
Ma
h
a
m
m
a
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
JN
TUH
in
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
JN
TUK,
Ka
k
i
n
a
d
a
i
n
2
0
0
9
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsity
C
o
l
leg
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ac
h
a
ry
a
Na
g
a
rj
u
n
a
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
G
u
n
tu
r
,
AP
-
I
n
d
ia
a
n
d
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ki
n
g
K
h
a
li
d
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
A
b
h
a
,
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
S
a
u
d
i
Ara
b
ia.
His res
e
a
rc
h
a
re
a
s o
f
in
tere
st are
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
l
o
a
d
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
h
m
o
h
a
m
a
d
@k
k
u
.
e
d
u
.
sa
.
S
h
a
i
k
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ir
sha
d
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
in
th
e
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Ki
n
g
Kh
a
li
d
Un
i
v
e
rsity
i
n
Ab
h
a
,
S
a
u
d
i
Ara
b
ia
.
He
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
wit
h
a
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
t
ro
n
ics
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Ja
wa
h
a
rl
a
l
Ne
h
ru
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
in
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
Tela
n
g
a
n
a
,
In
d
ia
i
n
2
0
0
2
,
a
n
d
a
m
a
ste
r'
s
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
sy
ste
m
s
in
th
e
sa
m
e
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
i
n
2
0
0
7
.
In
2
0
2
2
,
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
h
i
s
P
h
.
D.
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ic
s
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
S
t.
P
e
ter'
s
In
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
Hi
g
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
in
Ch
e
n
n
a
i.
P
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
ty
,
i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
to
p
o
we
r
sy
st
e
m
s,
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s a
re
th
e
to
p
ics
o
f
h
is r
e
se
a
rc
h
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sirsh
a
d
@k
k
u
.
e
d
u
.
sa
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.