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Bru
sh
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s
DC
(BLDC)
m
o
to
rs
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re
wid
e
ly
u
se
d
in
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
wh
e
re
h
ig
h
e
fficie
n
c
y
is
c
ru
c
ial.
W
it
h
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
in
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
BLDC
m
o
to
rs
a
re
in
c
re
a
sin
g
ly
s
u
it
a
b
le
fo
r
h
ig
h
-
to
rq
u
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
su
c
h
a
s
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
e
lev
a
to
rs.
Kn
o
wn
f
o
r
t
h
e
ir
h
ig
h
e
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y
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l
o
w
m
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ten
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n
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e
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d
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e
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e
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t
c
o
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tro
ll
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b
il
it
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,
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m
o
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re
i
d
e
a
l
c
a
n
d
i
d
a
tes
fo
r
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
.
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we
v
e
r,
th
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
l
ies
in
id
e
n
ti
fy
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
st
e
fficie
n
t
r
o
to
r
stru
c
tu
re
th
a
t
c
a
n
d
e
li
v
e
r
th
e
re
q
u
ired
to
r
q
u
e
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re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
e
lev
a
t
o
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s wh
i
le
m
a
in
tain
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g
c
o
st
-
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
d
e
sig
n
.
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h
is
p
a
p
e
r
a
d
d
re
ss
e
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th
is
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r
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ri
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t
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e
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it
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lem
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n
t
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e
th
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d
(
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),
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s
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a
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ll
.
fo
u
r
d
iffere
n
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ro
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o
r
stru
c
tu
re
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
t
o
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a
te
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a
n
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e
.
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e
m
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e
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g
e
n
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ra
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th
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i
g
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e
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ted
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g
a
s
a
m
o
to
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fo
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re
sid
e
n
ti
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l
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lev
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t
o
rs.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
e
ls
stu
d
ied
,
BLDC
-
ERA
ro
to
r
str
u
c
t
u
re
s
p
ro
d
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c
e
d
th
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ig
h
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st
to
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e
o
f
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il
e
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ty
p
e
g
e
n
e
ra
tes
th
e
l
o
we
st
to
r
q
u
e
.
T
o
e
n
s
u
re
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
li
ty
a
n
d
c
o
st
-
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
i
n
sta
ll
in
g
e
lev
a
to
rs
i
n
d
o
u
b
le
-
st
o
ry
h
o
u
se
s
o
r
sm
a
ll
e
r
re
sid
e
n
c
e
s,
th
e
se
lec
ted
m
o
to
r
m
u
st
b
e
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
a
ffo
rd
a
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le,
e
n
a
b
li
n
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se
n
io
r
c
it
ize
n
t
o
m
a
in
t
a
in
th
e
ir
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
.
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is
re
s
e
a
rc
h
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
a
id
s
o
t
h
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
in
d
e
sig
n
i
n
g
su
it
a
b
le
m
o
t
o
rs
fo
r
e
lev
a
to
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
b
u
t
a
lso
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
t
e
s
to
so
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ieta
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ll
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b
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in
g
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y
p
ro
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o
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sib
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:
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ax
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Fin
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t m
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Stre
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7
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Du
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T
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al,
Me
lak
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Ma
l
ay
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E
m
ail:
n
o
r
f
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d
au
s
@
u
tem
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
u
r
b
a
n
liv
in
g
h
as
p
lace
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
m
p
h
asis
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
r
esid
en
tial
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
E
lev
ato
r
s
,
as
a
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
m
u
lti
-
s
to
r
y
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
n
ec
ess
itate
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
o
to
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
m
ee
t
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
liv
i
n
g
[
1
]
.
No
wad
ay
s
,
m
o
s
t
h
o
u
s
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
ten
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t
o
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u
ild
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b
le
-
s
to
r
ey
o
r
e
v
en
h
ig
h
er
lan
d
e
d
h
o
u
s
es
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
a
s
m
all
-
s
ize
an
d
lo
w
-
co
s
t
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
ca
lled
d
o
m
esti
c
elev
ato
r
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
ak
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s
u
r
e
it
is
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tical
to
b
e
in
s
talled
at
least
f
o
r
a
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
to
r
ey
h
o
u
s
e
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
d
ep
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d
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n
t
liv
in
g
to
t
h
e
eld
er
ly
.
R
esid
en
tial
elev
ato
r
s
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
e
n
h
an
cin
g
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
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an
d
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
with
in
m
o
d
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n
h
o
m
es,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
v
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tical
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
with
m
o
b
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allen
g
es
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izin
g
s
p
ac
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f v
a
r
io
u
s
r
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to
r
typ
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LDC
mo
to
r
fo
r
r
esid
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tia
l e
leva
to
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…
(
N
o
r
A
is
h
a
h
Md
.
Zu
ki)
2225
em
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
r
esid
en
tial
elev
ato
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
o
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u
s
tn
e
s
s
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
es
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
th
e
d
o
m
esti
c
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lin
e
ar
m
o
to
r
s
an
d
r
o
tatio
n
al
m
o
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
o
m
esti
c
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
eith
er
r
o
tatio
n
al
ty
p
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
(
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M)
o
r
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
t
o
r
s
(
PMSM)
as
th
e
elec
tr
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m
o
to
r
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
I
M
o
r
th
e
PMSM
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
o
o
m
ca
lled
th
e
m
o
to
r
r
o
o
m
th
at
is
lo
ca
ted
n
ea
r
th
e
m
o
to
r
a
n
d
its
co
n
tr
o
l
p
a
n
el.
Usu
ally
,
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
lo
o
r
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
o
n
t
o
p
o
f
th
e
to
p
f
lo
o
r
,
wh
ich
is
u
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
s
p
ac
e
o
cc
u
p
a
n
cy
.
B
ased
o
n
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies,
th
e
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
o
cc
u
p
ies ab
o
u
t
3
0
% o
f
th
e
to
tal
f
lo
o
r
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
b
u
ild
i
n
g
s
o
v
er
2
5
0
m
eter
s
tall
[
8
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
ly
,
th
ey
u
s
ed
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
as
an
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
r
esid
en
tia
l
elev
ato
r
s
[
9
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Desp
ite
b
ein
g
v
er
y
co
m
m
o
n
,
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
lac
k
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
.
As
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
b
r
u
s
h
less
DC
(
B
L
DC
)
m
o
to
r
s
p
r
esen
t
a
b
etter
o
p
ti
o
n
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
,
lo
w
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
,
an
d
r
e
m
ar
k
a
b
le
co
n
tr
o
llab
ilit
y
.
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
,
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
eir
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
an
d
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
b
r
u
s
h
es,
r
ed
u
ce
f
r
ictio
n
lo
s
s
es
an
d
wea
r
,
m
a
k
in
g
th
em
h
ig
h
ly
d
u
r
a
b
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
ese
f
e
atu
r
es,
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
esp
ec
ially
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
wh
er
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ar
e
cr
itical
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
o
f
f
er
an
attr
ac
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
r
esid
en
tial
elev
ato
r
s
th
at
n
ee
d
s
m
o
o
th
o
p
er
atio
n
,
ac
cu
r
ate
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
,
an
d
r
eliab
le
to
r
q
u
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
u
n
d
er
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
d
e
s
ig
n
in
g
an
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
th
at
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
a
n
elev
at
o
r
s
y
s
t
em
.
I
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
b
y
Am
in
i
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
in
v
o
lv
es
d
esig
n
in
g
two
ty
p
es
o
f
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
(
PM)
m
o
to
r
s
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
an
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
th
eir
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ailu
r
e
m
o
d
es
f
o
r
life
tim
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
th
a
t
wh
ile
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
(
I
Ms)
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
ele
v
ato
r
s
,
PM
m
o
to
r
s
co
u
l
d
b
e
a
s
u
it
ab
le
alter
n
ativ
e
d
u
e
to
th
eir
ef
f
icien
cy
,
co
n
tr
o
llab
i
lity
,
an
d
p
o
wer
d
e
n
s
ity
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
b
etwe
en
in
ter
io
r
I
PMSM
an
d
PM
-
ass
i
s
ted
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
elu
ctan
ce
m
o
to
r
(
PMA
-
Sy
n
R
M)
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
li
f
etim
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
PMA
-
Sy
n
R
M
h
a
s
h
ig
h
er
f
au
lt
to
ler
ab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
th
an
th
e
I
PMSM
in
th
e
s
am
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
tim
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
th
e
PMA
-
Sy
n
R
M
f
o
r
elev
ato
r
u
s
ag
e
f
r
o
m
a
r
e
liab
ilit
y
v
iewp
o
in
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
also
n
o
te
th
a
t
th
e
PMA
-
Sy
n
R
M
h
as
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
er
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
l
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
I
PMSM.
Yetis
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
ea
r
less
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
I
PM
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
m
o
u
n
te
d
PMSM
(
SP
M)
.
T
h
e
I
PM
m
o
t
o
r
with
f
er
r
ite
m
ag
n
et
an
d
Nd
FeB
Nd
FeB
-
b
ased
SP
M
m
o
to
r
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
ely
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
s
lo
t/p
o
le
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
lu
x
-
b
ar
r
ier
la
y
er
s
in
th
e
I
PM
m
o
t
o
r
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
wh
ile
m
i
n
im
izin
g
c
o
s
t
an
d
weig
h
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
g
ea
r
less
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
s
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
PMSM
ar
e
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
in
all
r
esp
ec
ts
,
ev
e
n
if
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
f
er
r
ite
-
b
ased
d
esig
n
s
is
lo
w.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
a
g
ea
r
l
ess
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
te
m
d
r
iv
en
b
y
PMSM
is
th
e
Fer
r
ite
b
ased
o
n
I
PM
m
o
to
r
s
.
An
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
b
y
A
v
s
ar
e
t
a
l.
[
2
0
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
a
4
.
5
k
W
in
n
er
r
o
to
r
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
(
PMSM)
with
4
0
0
r
p
m
n
o
m
in
al
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
a
b
elt
d
r
i
v
e
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
aim
ed
to
d
esig
n
a
m
o
to
r
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
ef
f
icie
n
cy
an
d
p
ass
ag
e
co
m
f
o
r
t,
tw
o
cr
itical
cr
iter
ia
in
elev
ato
r
tr
ac
tio
n
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
u
s
ed
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
PM
SM
an
d
o
p
tim
ized
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
lo
t
o
p
en
in
g
,
m
ag
n
et
th
ick
n
ess
,
em
b
r
ac
e,
s
tato
r
to
o
th
th
ick
n
ess
,
an
d
air
g
ap
u
s
in
g
th
e
2
D
Fin
ite
E
lem
en
t
Me
th
o
d
(
FEM
)
an
d
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
u
s
in
g
g
ea
r
less
PMSMs
in
s
tead
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
with
g
ea
r
s
in
th
e
elev
a
to
r
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
s
av
e
ab
o
u
t
3
0
%
-
5
0
%
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
h
as led
to
an
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
u
s
ag
e
r
ate
o
f
g
ea
r
less
PMSMs in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
I
n
r
esear
c
h
b
y
B
ak
h
tiar
za
d
eh
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
d
esig
n
PMSM
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
elev
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
m
ec
h
an
ical
ten
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
p
r
esen
ts
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
a
PMSM
f
o
r
g
ea
r
less
elev
ato
r
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
FEM
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
an
aly
ze
an
d
ev
alu
ate
v
a
r
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
esig
n
,
s
u
ch
as
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
p
itch
s
lo
ts
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
lo
ts
,
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
ey
also
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
eir
n
ewly
d
esig
n
e
d
m
o
t
o
r
with
an
e
x
is
tin
g
4
k
W
PMSM
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et
b
y
an
aly
zi
n
g
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
b
o
th
m
o
to
r
s
u
s
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
test
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
ew
win
d
in
g
d
esig
n
a
n
d
v
alid
ate
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
FE
M
an
d
an
aly
tical
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
well
-
d
esig
n
ed
PMSM
ca
n
o
f
f
er
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
alter
n
ativ
e
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
elev
at
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
th
at
f
u
r
th
e
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
m
o
to
r
d
esig
n
ca
n
l
ea
d
to
ev
e
n
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
em
d
esig
n
elec
tr
i
c
m
o
to
r
s
f
o
r
ele
v
ato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
PMSM.
T
h
u
s
,
it
w
ill
b
e
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
g
ap
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
PMSM
f
o
r
elev
ato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
is
s
m
o
o
th
o
p
er
atio
n
,
lik
e
to
r
q
u
e,
lo
wer
n
o
is
e
,
a
n
d
p
r
ec
is
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
,
b
u
t
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lik
e
a
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
i
n
ce
th
er
e
h
asn
’
t
b
ee
n
m
u
ch
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
f
o
r
elev
ato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
is
p
ap
er
will
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
s
in
ce
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
PMSM
a
n
d
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
is
q
u
ite
s
im
ilar
.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
PMSM
m
o
t
o
r
is
s
m
o
o
t
h
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
less
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
t
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
co
s
t
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
g
en
er
ally
h
av
e
a
s
im
p
ler
d
esig
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
th
u
s
it
will
b
e
m
o
r
e
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
PMSM
m
o
to
r
s
.
Oth
er
th
an
th
at,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2224
-
2
2
3
3
2226
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
ty
p
ically
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t
an
d
lig
h
te
r
th
an
PMSM
m
o
to
r
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
in
r
esid
en
tial e
lev
ato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
er
e
s
p
ac
e
an
d
weig
h
t a
r
e
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
ty
p
es
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
r
esid
en
tial
elev
ato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
FEM
is
u
s
ed
as
a
to
o
l
to
s
o
lv
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
o
r
g
iv
en
m
o
d
els
with
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
ate
r
ials
,
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
ies
,
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ap
p
ly
in
g
Ma
x
well’
s
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
v
e
r
a
f
in
ite
r
eg
io
n
s
p
ac
e
(
An
s
y
s
2
0
1
6
)
.
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
b
y
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
FEM
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ag
n
etic
an
aly
s
is
with
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
g
iv
es
a
n
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
o
n
a
m
icr
o
s
co
p
ic
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
o
f
b
ac
k
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
(
EMF
)
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
id
e
n
tifie
d
f
o
r
s
u
ch
an
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt,
th
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
to
r
q
u
e
will
b
e
ch
o
s
e
n
to
be
f
ab
r
icate
d
as
a
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
a
r
esid
en
tial
elev
ato
r
.
A
s
m
all
-
s
ize
an
d
lo
w
-
co
s
t
ele
v
ato
r
,
ca
lled
a
d
o
m
esti
c
elev
ato
r
,
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
it
is
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
to
b
e
in
s
talled
in
at
least
a
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
to
r
ey
h
o
u
s
e
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t liv
in
g
to
th
e
eld
er
ly
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
B
a
s
ic
s
t
ruct
ure
T
h
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
a
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
m
ain
p
ar
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
t
y
p
es
o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
1
(
a)
-
1
(
d
)
,
wh
ich
ar
e
B
L
DC
-
E
R
A,
B
L
D
C
-
E
R
T
,
B
L
DC
-
HR
,
an
d
B
L
DC
-
SR
.
T
h
e
B
L
DC
-
E
R
A
an
d
B
L
DC
-
E
R
T
ar
e
b
o
th
em
b
ed
d
ed
r
o
t
o
r
t
y
p
es
,
b
u
t
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
is
th
e
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
em
b
ed
d
e
d
r
o
to
r
ty
p
es
is
th
at
it
h
as
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Oth
er
th
an
th
at,
it
will
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lo
wer
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
an
d
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Me
an
wh
ile
,
t
h
e
B
L
DC
-
HR
is
a
h
o
llo
w
r
o
to
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
B
L
DC
-
SR
is
a
s
lo
tted
r
o
to
r
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
B
L
DC
-
E
R
A
m
o
d
els
d
if
f
er
i
n
th
at
o
n
e
u
s
es
an
alu
m
i
n
u
m
r
o
to
r
wh
ile
th
e
B
L
DC
-
E
R
T
u
s
es
a
tr
an
s
il
f
o
r
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
Me
an
w
h
ile
,
th
e
B
L
DC
-
HR
is
a
h
o
llo
w
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
T
h
e
h
o
llo
w
r
o
to
r
will
h
av
e
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
weig
h
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
b
u
t
th
e
l
im
itatio
n
is
th
at
th
ese
r
o
to
r
ty
p
es
m
ig
h
t
ex
h
ib
it
h
ig
h
er
to
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
le,
lea
d
in
g
to
less
s
m
o
o
th
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
elev
ato
r
.
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
th
is
r
o
to
r
is
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
ilico
n
s
teel
M2
5
0
-
3
5
A
with
a
lam
in
atio
n
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
5
m
m
ea
ch
.
L
a
s
tly
,
th
e
B
L
D
C
-
SR
is
a
s
lo
tted
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
m
ater
i
al
f
o
r
th
is
r
o
t
o
r
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
B
L
DC
-
HR
,
wh
ich
is
m
ad
e
u
p
of
non
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
ilico
n
s
teel.
T
h
e
s
lo
tted
r
o
t
o
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
i
g
h
er
to
r
q
u
e
,
b
u
t
th
e
d
is
ad
v
an
t
ag
e
is
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
h
ig
h
er
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
as we
ll.
S
o
,
it will le
ad
to
le
s
s
s
m
o
o
th
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
elev
at
o
r
s
y
s
tem
.
All o
f
th
is
B
L
D
C
m
o
to
r
is
s
im
u
lated
f
o
r
a
r
esid
en
tial
elev
ato
r
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
ils
an
d
l
am
in
atio
n
o
f
s
lo
ts
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
o
to
r
co
m
p
r
is
es
a
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
et.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
is
th
e
s
tatio
n
ar
y
p
a
r
t
wh
er
e
wh
e
r
ea
s
th
e
r
o
to
r
is
th
e
r
o
tatin
g
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
1
8
s
lo
ts
an
d
2
0
p
o
les
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
.
T
h
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
b
ac
k
to
b
ac
k
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
s
o
th
at
th
e
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
d
ir
ec
tio
n
will
b
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ically
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
[
2
9
]
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c
)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
asic stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
:
(
a)
B
L
DC
-
E
R
A
,
(
b
)
B
L
DC
-
E
R
T
,
(
c)
B
L
DC
-
HR
,
an
d
(
d
)
B
L
DC
-
SR
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f v
a
r
io
u
s
r
o
to
r
typ
es B
LDC
mo
to
r
fo
r
r
esid
en
tia
l e
leva
to
r
…
(
N
o
r
A
is
h
a
h
Md
.
Zu
ki)
2227
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
th
e
s
tato
r
,
r
o
to
r
,
an
d
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
f
o
r
ea
ch
ty
p
e
o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
ar
e
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
eith
er
f
er
r
o
m
ag
n
etic
o
r
n
o
n
-
f
er
r
o
m
ag
n
etic
m
ater
ial.
I
t
is
s
till
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
f
ix
th
e
m
e
c
h
an
ical
air
g
a
p
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
’
s
m
ater
ial
is
d
if
f
e
r
en
t.
I
t
is
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
ev
er
y
m
o
d
el
h
as
th
e
s
am
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
a
g
n
etic
en
er
g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
B
-
H
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
ilico
n
s
teel
M2
5
0
-
3
5
A.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
r
atio
o
f
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
to
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
(
B
/H)
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
tan
t
b
u
t
v
ar
ies.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
to
t
h
e
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
u
n
til
it
r
ea
ch
es
a
s
atu
r
atio
n
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
s
atu
r
atio
n
f
o
r
th
is
m
ater
ial
i
s
ab
o
u
t
2
.
0
T
esla.
B
u
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
an
o
p
tim
u
m
r
esu
lt,
1
.
5
T
esla
is
th
e
b
est
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
B
-
H
cu
r
v
e
is
im
p
o
r
ted
i
n
to
An
s
y
s
Ma
x
well
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
a
b
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
Sin
ce
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
is
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
a
lab
s
ca
le,
th
e
tar
g
et
to
r
q
u
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
t
h
is
m
o
to
r
is
2
5
Nm
.
T
h
e
lab
s
ca
le
is
d
esig
n
ated
at
a
r
atio
o
f
1
:
6
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
tu
al
s
ize.
T
ab
le
1
.
Ma
ter
ial
f
o
r
p
a
r
am
ete
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
B
LD
C
-
E
R
A
B
LD
C
-
E
R
T
B
LD
C
-
HR
B
LD
C
-
SR
S
t
a
t
o
r
N
o
n
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
si
l
i
c
o
n
s
t
e
e
l
(
M
2
5
0
-
3
5
A
)
R
o
t
o
r
N
o
n
-
f
e
r
r
o
ma
g
n
e
t
i
c
F
e
r
r
o
ma
g
n
e
t
i
c
F
e
r
r
o
ma
g
n
e
t
i
c
F
e
r
r
o
ma
g
n
e
t
i
c
P
e
r
man
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
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cy
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ap
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d
u
r
in
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2224
-
2
2
3
3
2228
win
d
in
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p
r
o
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s
s
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ac
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tr
o
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ce
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
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o
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aly
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lo
wch
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u
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3
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RE
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D
D
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3
.
1
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ini
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Fig
u
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4
s
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m
ag
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etic
f
lu
x
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d
f
lu
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d
en
s
ity
f
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r
all
ty
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o
f
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DC
m
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to
r
s
.
A
co
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lete
p
ath
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u
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4
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N
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to
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r
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to
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it
p
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f
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h
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m
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is
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s
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Fig
u
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4
s
h
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m
ag
n
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d
e
n
s
ity
in
s
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th
e
m
o
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el
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if
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h
e
m
ag
n
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(
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n
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L
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m
o
to
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.
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ac
h
to
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e
o
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th
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t
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f
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co
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r
esp
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in
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s
im
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in
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p
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ticu
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.
Hen
ce
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m
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is
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On
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as b
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f
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ity
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Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
p
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d
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tr
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u
tio
n
o
f
f
lu
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lin
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am
o
n
g
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L
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m
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s
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wh
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s
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u
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ig
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R
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ter
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.
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in
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am
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d
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lead
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n
g
to
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wer
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r
q
u
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
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lysi
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typ
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(
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a
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2229
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Fig
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r
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4
.
Ma
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Fig
u
r
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5
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s
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th
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o
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g
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h
e
elec
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o
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ated
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y
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r
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ter
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r
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e
r
s
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am
o
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n
t
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at
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ee
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5
r
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m
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h
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ce
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AC
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r
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t
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o
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n
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le
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ate
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e
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f
th
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m
o
to
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.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
latio
n
f
r
o
m
FE
M
:
(
a)
b
ac
k
EMF
an
d
(
b
)
t
o
r
q
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
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lt
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
all
ty
p
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o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
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r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
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s
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R
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e
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ig
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est
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ated
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e
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I
t
is
ab
o
u
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5
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at
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s
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o
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3
0
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p
m
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Me
an
wh
ile
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th
e
lo
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is
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2224
-
2
2
3
3
2230
V
p
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b
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m
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u
r
e
6
(
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.
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ap
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e
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ig
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o
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ich
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ate
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h
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L
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HR
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ich
is
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at
1
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n
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e
d
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f
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ce
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ig
h
est
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d
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e
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ab
o
u
t
4
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%.
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h
e
to
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e
is
d
ir
ec
tly
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r
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ti
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al
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th
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r
r
e
n
t
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in
g
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e
to
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h
e
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r
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e
f
o
r
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SR
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r
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p
p
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ity
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o
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th
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m
ater
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t satu
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Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
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e
to
r
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r
ip
p
le
f
o
r
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ty
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es
o
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m
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to
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s
.
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h
e
h
ig
h
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to
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r
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le
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d
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C
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A
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ce
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h
e
d
if
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ig
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e
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ab
o
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t 4
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h
e
lo
west to
r
q
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e
r
ip
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le
in
a
B
L
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m
o
to
r
f
o
r
r
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s
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p
r
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v
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e
a
s
m
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o
th
er
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n
d
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r
e
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o
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e
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.
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esid
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ce
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l
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w
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r
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ip
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e
v
ib
r
atio
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as we
ll.
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y
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in
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e
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th
e
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tem
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
d
)
.
T
h
e
B
L
DC
-
E
R
A
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ich
is
ab
o
u
t
9
9
.
9
%.
T
h
e
lo
west
ef
f
icien
cy
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r
o
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ce
d
b
y
B
L
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-
E
R
T
.
T
h
e
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ig
h
est
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e
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ig
h
est
en
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y
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n
g
s
.
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n
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L
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n
s
u
m
e
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o
wer
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ad
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ig
n
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en
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av
in
g
s
.
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er
t
h
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at,
an
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f
icien
t
m
o
t
o
r
l
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th
e
elec
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ills
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d
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ce
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e
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r
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o
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atin
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o
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ts
o
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e
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r
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.
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e
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o
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i
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v
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r
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.
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s
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.
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t
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r
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h
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n
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m
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(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
t o
f
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
: (
a)
a
v
er
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e
b
ac
k
EMF
,
(
b
)
to
r
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e,
(
c
)
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le,
a
n
d
(
d
)
ef
f
icie
n
cy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
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ased
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I
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16
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[
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[
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[
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[
1
7
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[
1
8
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g
n
e
t
i
c
a
n
d
Me
c
h
a
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
7
3
–
7
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
No
r
Aisha
h
Md
.
Zu
k
i
wa
s
b
o
rn
o
n
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
9
,
1
9
9
2
,
in
Ku
a
n
tan
,
P
a
h
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
In
2
0
1
8
,
s
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
i
n
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
(UTe
M
).
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D
.
fro
m
t
h
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
st
u
d
y
is
on
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
P
0
1
1
8
2
0
0
0
6
@s
tu
d
e
n
t.
u
tem
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Ra
ja
N
o
r
Fi
r
d
a
u
s
K
a
shfi
Ra
ja
O
th
m
a
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
E
n
g
.
,
M
.
S
c
.
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
i
n
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
i
n
2
0
0
6
,
2
0
0
9
,
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
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is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
we
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
ik
a
l
M
a
lay
sia
M
e
lak
a
.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
a
p
p
li
e
d
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s,
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
se
n
so
rs
,
a
n
d
d
ri
v
e
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
n
o
rf
ird
a
u
s@
u
tem
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
Fa
irul
Az
h
a
r
Ab
d
u
l
S
h
u
k
o
r
is
a
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
i
k
a
l
M
e
lak
a
,
M
a
lay
s
ia
(UTe
M
),
M
e
lak
a
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
wit
h
UTe
M
sin
c
e
2
0
0
5
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
B.
E
n
g
.
De
g
re
e
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
a
n
M
.
S
c
.
in
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
2
a
n
d
2
0
0
9
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
In
2
0
0
9
,
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
.
En
g
.
in
M
a
c
h
in
e
De
sig
n
fr
o
m
S
h
i
n
sh
u
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ja
p
a
n
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
i
n
c
lu
d
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
a
n
d
a
c
t
u
a
to
r
d
e
sig
n
,
n
u
m
e
rica
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
,
a
n
d
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
riv
e
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
fa
iru
l.
a
z
h
a
r@u
tem
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
.
K
u
n
i
h
i
s
a
T
a
s
h
i
r
o
e
a
r
n
e
d
h
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s
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.
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n
g
.
a
n
d
M
.
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n
g
.
d
e
g
r
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e
s
f
r
o
m
K
a
n
a
z
a
wa
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n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
i
n
J
a
p
a
n
i
n
1
9
9
8
a
n
d
2
0
0
0
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
H
e
w
o
r
k
e
d
a
s
a
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
s
s
is
t
a
n
t
a
t
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y
u
s
h
u
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n
i
v
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r
s
i
t
y
i
n
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a
p
a
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
0
t
o
2
0
0
6
,
w
h
e
r
e
h
e
e
a
r
n
e
d
h
i
s
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h
.
D
.
(
En
g
.
)
i
n
2
0
0
6
.
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e
b
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g
a
n
a
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t
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p
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p
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t
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le
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t
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d
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m
p
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,
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a
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,
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h
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s
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v
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t
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,
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a
p
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,
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n
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.
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p
r
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m
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r
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h
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j
p
.
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