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e
c
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o
l
(
S
M
C)
a
n
d
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l
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d
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r
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ro
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in
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ra
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ti
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o
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l
.
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h
e
QBC
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
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se
d
b
e
c
a
u
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it
c
a
n
b
o
o
st
v
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lt
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g
e
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
ly
,
wh
ich
is
e
sp
e
c
ially
u
se
fu
l
fo
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
S
i
m
u
latio
n
st
u
d
ies
sh
o
w
th
a
t
b
o
t
h
c
o
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tr
o
ll
e
rs
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a
n
c
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t
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o
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t
p
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t
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f
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e
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o
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v
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rter,
b
u
t
th
e
F
OPID
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
wo
rk
s
b
e
tt
e
r
i
n
d
y
n
a
m
ic
situ
a
ti
o
n
s.
In
p
a
rti
c
u
lar,
it
m
a
k
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se
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li
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a
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fa
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d
s
:
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m
a
n
ce
FOPID
Qu
ad
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atic
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o
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s
t c
o
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v
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te
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Self
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lift
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cu
it
Sli
d
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ller
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s
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c
c
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ss
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rticle
u
n
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r th
e
CC B
Y
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SA
li
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se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
Su
b
b
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lak
s
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m
y
R
am
am
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r
th
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Dep
ar
tm
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t o
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lectr
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an
d
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lectr
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ics
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n
g
in
ee
r
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g
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SR
M
I
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s
titu
te
o
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Scien
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T
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o
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am
ap
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s
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ai
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n
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m
ail: su
b
b
u
lar
2
@
s
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m
is
t.e
d
u
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
in
cr
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s
in
g
g
lo
b
al
d
ed
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atio
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to
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u
s
tain
ab
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d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
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h
as
g
r
ea
tly
s
p
ed
u
p
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
g
en
er
ati
o
n
,
f
u
el
ce
lls
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
(
HE
Vs),
wh
e
r
e
lo
w
-
l
ev
el
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
aised
to
h
ig
h
e
r
le
v
els
to
wo
r
k
with
g
r
i
d
-
co
n
n
e
cted
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
l
o
ad
s
.
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h
e
q
u
ad
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
(
QB
C
)
with
a
s
elf
-
lift
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
a
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
an
d
b
etter
o
v
e
r
all
ef
f
icien
cy
.
A
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
DC
m
i
cr
o
g
r
id
s
with
v
ar
iab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
elin
ea
ted
in
[
1
]
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
d
e
p
en
d
ab
le
an
d
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
way
,
[
2
]
lo
o
k
ed
at
au
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
with
DC
lin
k
s
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wed
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t it
is
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
er
t
er
s
to
wo
r
k
r
elia
b
ly
.
Sev
er
al
n
ew
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
v
er
ter
s
etu
p
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
last
f
ew
y
ea
r
s
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
lo
w
t
o
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
th
at
u
s
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
s
witch
ed
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
3
]
an
d
[
4
]
,
g
et
a
lo
t
m
o
r
e
g
ain
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ile
th
e
ch
an
g
es
m
ad
e
in
[
5
]
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
s
s
af
ely
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
PV
g
r
id
.
Fo
r
elec
tr
ic
m
o
b
il
ity
,
[
6
]
s
h
o
wed
a
n
in
ter
leav
ed
m
u
lti
-
d
e
v
ice
co
n
v
er
ter
m
ad
e
f
o
r
f
u
el
ce
ll
HE
Vs.
T
h
is
m
ad
e
th
e
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
b
etter
an
d
th
e
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
lo
wer
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
[
7
]
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
co
n
v
er
ter
s
th
at
wo
u
ld
im
p
r
o
v
e
tr
an
s
ien
t r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
in
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
l
o
s
s
,
e
s
p
ec
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
f
u
e
l
c
e
ll
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
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y
c
l
a
m
p
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d
c
u
r
r
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n
t
-
f
e
d
c
o
n
v
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r
t
e
r
s
t
h
at
w
o
r
k
u
n
d
e
r
Z
C
S
/
Z
VS
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
i
n
[
8
]
a
n
d
[
9
]
.
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
-
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
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w
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d
-
c
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p
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c
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o
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i
t
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c
t
u
r
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,
as
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
[
1
0
]
,
m
a
d
e
s
w
i
tc
h
u
s
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e
v
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n
b
e
t
t
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r
.
T
h
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w
it
c
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p
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e
d
i
n
d
u
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r
s
t
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g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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8
8
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8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2491
-
2
4
9
9
2492
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
i
n
[
1
1
]
i
s
f
l
e
x
i
b
le
a
n
d
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
a
v
a
r
i
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t
y
o
f
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Al
s
o
,
t
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[
1
2
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a
n
d
[
1
3
]
w
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m
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f
f
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P
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s
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T
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th
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win
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p
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n
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h
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in
[
1
4
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is
an
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e
d
esig
n
th
at
g
r
ea
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
tep
-
u
p
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Pre
v
iew
s
tu
d
y
[
1
5
]
,
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
co
n
v
er
ter
th
at
c
o
m
b
in
es
q
u
ad
r
atic
an
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
s
tag
es
wa
s
m
ad
e
f
o
r
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
n
ee
d
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
r
atio
s
.
I
n
ter
leav
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
with
d
i
o
d
e
-
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
m
u
ltip
lier
s
[
1
6
]
lo
wer
b
o
th
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
Sin
g
le
-
s
w
itch
Z
eta
-
ty
p
e
[
1
7
]
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
-
m
u
ltip
lier
-
ce
ll
-
b
ased
d
esig
n
s
[
1
8
]
h
av
e
also
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
lis
t
o
f
h
ig
h
-
ef
f
icien
c
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
9
]
,
co
m
b
in
in
g
ac
tiv
e
-
clam
p
cir
cu
i
ts
with
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
tag
es
led
to
n
ew
ty
p
es
o
f
in
ter
leav
ed
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
co
n
v
er
ter
s
with
b
etter
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Pre
v
iew
s
tu
d
y
[
2
0
]
a
n
d
[
2
1
]
,
m
o
r
e
wo
r
k
was
d
o
n
e
o
n
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
s
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
-
lift
m
eth
o
d
s
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
we
d
b
etter
g
ain
an
d
less
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Hy
b
r
id
ized
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
co
m
b
in
e
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
u
n
it
s
,
m
u
lti
-
win
d
in
g
c
o
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
an
d
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
tech
n
i
q
u
es
h
av
e
led
to
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
co
llectiv
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
with
in
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
an
aly
s
is
o
f
a
q
u
ad
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
e
q
u
ip
p
e
d
with
a
s
elf
-
lift
cir
cu
it,
u
tili
zin
g
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
a
n
d
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
–
in
teg
r
al
–
d
e
r
iv
ativ
e
(
FOPID)
co
n
tr
o
l f
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
to
p
o
lo
g
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
allo
ws
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
,
b
u
t
it
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
s
tr
ess
o
n
b
o
th
ac
tiv
e
an
d
p
ass
iv
e
p
ar
ts
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
b
o
th
t
h
e
SMC
an
d
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
e
g
u
late,
b
u
t
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ette
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
with
a
f
aster
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
a
lo
wer
s
tead
y
-
s
t
ate
er
r
o
r
th
a
n
th
e
SMC
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
H
I
G
H
ST
E
P
-
U
P
Q
B
C
WI
T
H
SE
L
F
-
L
I
F
T
CIRCU
I
T
T
h
e
d
esig
n
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
th
r
ee
in
d
u
cto
r
s
(
d
en
o
ted
as
L
₁,
L
₂
,
an
d
L
₃
)
an
d
f
iv
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
C
₁,
C
₂,
C
₃,
C
₄,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
₀)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
in
clu
d
es
s
ev
en
d
io
d
es
(
D₀
to
D₆)
an
d
a
s
in
g
le
MO
SF
E
T
s
witch
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
witch
in
g
elem
e
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
t
r
ates
th
e
p
o
wer
cir
cu
it
lay
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
lift
m
o
d
u
le
with
in
th
e
cir
cu
it
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
₂
an
d
L
₃,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
₂,
an
d
d
io
d
es
D₂
an
d
D₃.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
is
en
er
g
ized
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
₁.
A
s
ep
ar
ate
s
witch
ed
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
n
etwo
r
k
is
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
₃
an
d
C
₄
al
o
n
g
with
d
io
d
es
D₄
an
d
D₅.
Her
e,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
₃
,
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
with
t
h
e
s
elf
-
lift
n
etwo
r
k
,
r
ec
ei
v
es
its
ch
ar
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
p
o
t
en
tial
o
f
C
₄
a
n
d
C
₁.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
in
d
u
ct
o
r
L
₁
d
r
aws
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
io
d
e
D₁
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
s
witch
in
g
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
e,
d
io
d
e
D₇
r
em
ain
s
r
ev
e
r
s
e
-
b
iased
,
an
d
t
h
e
lo
ad
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
o
lely
b
y
th
e
C
₀.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
es
tr
an
s
f
er
r
e
d
v
ia
d
io
d
es
D₆
an
d
D₇,
wh
ich
b
ec
o
m
e
f
o
r
war
d
-
b
iased
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
h
ase.
I
n
p
a
r
a
l
l
el
,
c
a
p
ac
i
t
o
r
C
₄
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
e
d
i
n
i
L
₂
v
i
a
d
i
o
d
e
D
₅
.
Al
l
o
t
h
e
r
d
i
o
d
e
s
a
r
e
non
-
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
v
al
.
T
h
e
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
ca
l
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
s
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
zi
n
g
M
o
d
e
2
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
a
r
e
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
e
ct
i
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Hig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
QB
C
with
s
elf
-
lift
cir
cu
it
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NV
E
R
T
E
R
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
q
u
ad
r
at
ic
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
(
QB
C
)
co
m
b
in
ed
with
a
s
elf
-
lift
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
was
an
aly
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
two
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
:
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
an
d
a
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
–
in
teg
r
al
–
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
F
OPI
D)
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Simu
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
ch
iev
ed
a
h
i
g
h
er
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
th
an
th
e
SMC
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
ch
em
atic,
wh
er
e
th
e
QB
C
with
th
e
s
elf
-
lift
s
tag
e
is
r
eg
u
late
d
b
y
t
h
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
3
5
V
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
,
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
r
ea
ch
es
n
ea
r
ly
4
7
3
V.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
ep
icts
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
lo
ad
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
ab
o
u
t
9
.
5
A,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
6
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
e
d
to
th
e
lo
ad
,
wh
ich
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
4
7
0
W
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Time
-
d
o
ma
in
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
QB
C
w
ith
s
elf
-
lift
circu
it
(
S
u
b
b
u
la
ksh
my
R
a
ma
mu
r
th
i
)
2493
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
FOPID
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ou
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
R
-
lo
ad
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ou
t
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t th
r
o
u
g
h
R
-
lo
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2491
-
2
4
9
9
2494
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
e
r
e
a
q
u
a
d
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
(
QB
C
)
is
co
m
b
in
ed
with
a
s
elf
-
lift
cir
cu
it
an
d
r
eg
u
lated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
cl
o
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
ap
p
lied
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
3
5
V
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
s
tab
iliz
es
at
n
ea
r
ly
4
7
3
V.
T
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
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p
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g
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a
d
c
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r
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en
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e
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r
e
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is
ap
p
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o
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im
ately
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r
e
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t
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t p
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Fig
u
r
e
7
.
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MC
s
y
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tem
Fig
u
r
e
8
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I
n
p
u
t
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o
ltag
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u
r
e
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.
Ou
t
p
u
t
v
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ltag
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ac
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R
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lo
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Time
-
d
o
ma
in
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f h
ig
h
s
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w
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elf
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lift
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it
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S
u
b
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la
ksh
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R
a
ma
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r
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u
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t t
h
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g
h
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H
ARDWA
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M
P
L
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AT
I
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h
e
p
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ed
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i
g
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s
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atic
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n
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er
ter
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g
a
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h
n
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e
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esig
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d
ev
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e
d
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an
d
test
ed
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v
alid
ate
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
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lts
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
d
eliv
er
s
ar
o
u
n
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k
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o
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r
an
d
o
p
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ates
at
a
s
witch
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g
f
r
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e
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f
1
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z.
A
PIC1
8
F2
5
K2
0
m
icr
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co
n
t
r
o
ller
g
e
n
er
ates
th
e
PW
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s
ig
n
als,
wh
ich
ar
e
is
o
lated
u
s
in
g
a
T
L
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p
to
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c
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p
ler
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e
MO
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er
.
An
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R
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4
0
MO
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T
(
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s
er
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ain
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ar
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o
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tific
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L
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L
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d
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ite
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d
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3
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p
F,
C
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=
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2
µF
en
s
u
r
e
s
m
o
o
th
en
e
r
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
i
p
p
le.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
clo
s
ely
m
atch
ed
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es,
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
.
Fig
u
r
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1
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
QB
C
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
p
o
wer
cir
cu
it,
co
n
tr
o
l
ci
r
cu
it,
an
d
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
is
d
ep
ict
ed
in
Fig
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r
e
1
2
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
a
s
tab
le
3
0
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D
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s
u
p
p
ly
.
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h
e
g
ate
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e
wav
e
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o
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m
g
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er
ate
d
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y
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e
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n
t
r
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s
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wn
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,
in
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ates
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ated
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ter
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ir
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)
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p
a
c
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r
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2
µF
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Pro
to
ty
p
e
o
f
QB
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
2491
-
2
4
9
9
2496
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
I
n
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Gate
p
u
ls
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
5.
CO
M
P
ARI
SO
N
O
F
F
O
P
I
D
AND
SM
C
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
S
T
ab
le
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
i
g
h
s
tep
-
u
p
q
u
ad
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
with
a
s
elf
-
lift
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
,
o
p
er
ated
u
n
d
er
FOPID
an
d
SMC
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
o
co
m
p
lem
en
t
th
is
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
p
r
esen
ts
a
b
a
r
c
h
ar
t
th
at
v
is
u
ally
co
n
tr
asts
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
ices
o
f
b
o
th
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
SMC
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
f
e
r
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
r
is
e
tim
e
im
p
r
o
v
es
f
r
o
m
0
.
3
1
s
with
FOPID
to
0
.
2
9
s
u
n
d
e
r
S
MC,
wh
ile
th
e
p
ea
k
tim
e
is
s
lig
h
tly
s
h
o
r
ten
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
3
4
s
to
0
.
3
3
s
.
A
m
o
r
e
n
o
t
ab
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
s
ettlin
g
tim
e,
wh
ich
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
0
.
6
5
s
(
FOPID)
to
0
.
4
7
s
(
SMC
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
m
in
im
ized
,
d
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
.
7
8
V
with
FOPID
to
0
.
9
3
V
u
n
d
er
SMC
co
n
tr
o
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Time
-
d
o
ma
in
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
QB
C
w
ith
s
elf
-
lift
circu
it
(
S
u
b
b
u
la
ksh
my
R
a
ma
mu
r
th
i
)
2497
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e,
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
R
i
se
t
i
me
(
s)
P
e
a
k
t
i
me
(
s)
S
e
t
t
i
n
g
t
i
me
(
s)
S
t
e
a
d
y
st
a
t
e
e
r
r
o
r
(
V
)
F
O
P
I
D
0
.
3
1
0
.
3
4
0
.
6
5
1
.
7
8
S
M
C
0
.
2
9
0
.
3
3
0
.
4
7
0
.
9
3
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
two
c
u
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
:
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l
-
in
teg
r
al
-
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
FOPID)
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
SM
C
)
f
o
r
a
h
ig
h
s
tep
-
u
p
q
u
ad
r
a
tic
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
(
QB
C
)
co
m
b
in
ed
with
a
s
elf
-
lift
cir
cu
it.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
tr
an
s
ien
t
b
eh
av
io
u
r
,
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
b
ea
ts
SMC
,
g
iv
in
g
f
aster
s
ettlin
g
tim
es,
less
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t,
a
n
d
n
o
ticea
b
ly
lo
wer
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
s
im
u
lat
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ain
s
ar
e
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
i
n
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
in
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
er
ati
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
QB
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
'
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
elf
-
lift
m
ec
h
an
is
m
lead
s
to
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
eliv
er
y
,
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Fo
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
ag
e
lev
els,
s
u
ch
as
lo
w
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
elec
tr
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
cr
ed
ib
ly
well.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS
ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes
,
an
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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t J Po
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t
,
Vo
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16
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
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20
25
:
2491
-
2
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9
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2498
DATA AV
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