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P
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l.
14
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Dec
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20
25
,
p
p
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1
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Dete
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iate
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n
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ter
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to
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A
k
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k
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l
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ak
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etab
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CC B
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se
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C
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
So
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L
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Gu
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m
u
C
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lleg
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o
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Hea
lth
Scien
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E
t
h
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p
ian
Def
e
n
s
e
Un
iv
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s
ity
B
is
h
o
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tu
,
E
th
io
p
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m
ail:
s
g
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u
8
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g
m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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N
Hea
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m
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a
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m
etallic
elem
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elativ
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ig
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ity
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d
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n
s
id
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ed
am
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ally
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to
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th
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o
p
o
g
en
ic
ac
tiv
ities
lik
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in
d
u
s
tr
ializatio
n
[
1
]
.
Po
llu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
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n
m
en
t
with
h
ea
v
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t
g
lo
b
al
p
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lic
h
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n
ce
r
n
.
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h
ey
a
r
e
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o
t
b
io
d
eg
r
ad
a
b
le,
ca
n
p
er
s
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t
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
tim
e
in
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
,
a
n
d
ar
e
a
b
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
p
lan
ts
[
2
]
.
Plan
ts
lik
e
v
eg
etab
les
ar
e
a
m
ain
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
d
iet
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d
ar
e
p
ath
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s
in
tr
an
s
f
er
r
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t
o
x
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elem
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
h
u
m
an
s
[
3
]
.
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
s
u
ch
as
lead
(
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b
)
,
ca
d
m
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C
d
)
,
ch
r
o
m
iu
m
(
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r
)
,
ar
s
en
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(
As)
,
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d
m
e
r
cu
r
y
(
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)
lead
s
t
o
m
en
tal
r
etar
d
atio
n
,
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
,
b
lo
o
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
n
eu
r
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
,
r
en
al
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
an
d
ca
n
ce
r
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
Gr
ea
t
an
d
L
ittl
e
Ak
ak
i
R
i
v
er
s
ar
e
m
ajo
r
wate
r
s
o
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r
ce
s
f
o
r
Ad
d
is
Ab
ab
a
C
ity
an
d
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ir
r
ig
atio
n
o
f
cr
o
p
s
[
5
]
.
R
ap
id
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ializatio
n
,
an
d
in
ad
e
q
u
ate
wa
s
te
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
in
th
e
city
lead
to
c
o
n
tam
in
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
iv
er
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
city
h
o
s
ts
m
o
r
e
th
an
6
5
%
o
f
th
e
n
atio
n
'
s
to
tal
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ec
to
r
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
wh
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ar
e
s
itu
ated
alo
n
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th
e
Ak
ak
i
R
iv
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b
a
n
k
s
an
d
r
elea
s
e
th
eir
wastes
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ir
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tly
in
to
th
e
r
iv
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.
Ab
o
u
t
90
-
9
6
%
o
f
in
d
u
s
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ies
in
th
e
ci
ty
lack
an
y
f
o
r
m
o
f
tr
ea
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e
n
t
f
ac
ilit
ies,
allo
win
g
th
em
to
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
wastes
in
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
1
8
49
-
1
8
56
1850
th
e
r
iv
er
s
[
7
]
.
E
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
city
r
esu
lts
in
im
p
r
o
p
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waste
d
is
p
o
s
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an
d
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n
tr
ea
ted
s
ewa
g
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
to
th
e
r
iv
er
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
(
m
g
/
k
g
d
r
y
weig
h
t)
o
f
C
r
(
1
0
9
.
5
1
)
,
C
d
(
3
.
1
4
)
,
Pb
(
1
2
9
.
7
)
,
an
d
Z
n
(
1
4
8
.
2
8
)
in
Ak
ak
i
R
iv
er
s
ed
im
en
t
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
ed
ian
h
ea
v
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etal
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n
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en
tr
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n
in
m
g
/L
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f
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ak
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R
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v
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r
was
Pb
(
3
.
9
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,
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d
(
0
.
4
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an
d
Ni
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1
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2
2
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s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
th
e
r
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is
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le
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s
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1
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1
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d
0
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2
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et
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to
u
s
e
f
o
r
ir
r
i
g
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n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
[
1
0
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
9
]
,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
L
ea
d
(
Pb
)
:
0
.
7
7
5
m
g
/L,
C
h
r
o
m
iu
m
(
C
r
)
:
1
m
g
/L
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ad
m
iu
m
(
C
d
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:
0
.
0
7
5
m
g
/L,
Nick
el
(
Ni)
:
0
.
4
2
5
m
g
/L
a
n
d
Z
i
n
c
(
Z
n
)
:
5
.
7
5
m
g
/L
in
A
k
a
k
i
R
iv
er
s
all
o
f
wh
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e
a
b
o
v
e
r
esp
e
ctiv
e
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er
m
is
s
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le
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it
f
o
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ir
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g
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n
(
0
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1
m
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1
m
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0
.
0
1
m
g
/L,
0
.
2
m
g
/L
,
an
d
2
m
g
/L)
[
10
].
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
is
lim
ited
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
ex
te
n
t
o
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v
y
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e
tal
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in
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n
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f
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g
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le
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ir
r
ig
ated
with
th
e
A
k
ak
i Ri
v
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
aim
ed
to
(
1
)
d
etec
t
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Pb
,
C
d
,
C
r
,
As
,
an
d
Hg
in
b
ee
tr
o
o
t
,
ca
b
b
ag
e,
p
o
tato
,
a
n
d
t
o
m
ato
s
am
p
les
ir
r
ig
ated
b
y
th
e
Ak
ak
i
R
iv
er
s
an
d
(
2
)
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
th
o
s
e
v
e
g
etab
les.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2.
1
.
Study
a
re
a
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
a
p
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
,
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
Gr
ea
t
Ak
ak
i
an
d
L
ittl
e
Ak
ak
i
R
iv
er
s
in
Ad
d
is
Ab
ab
a,
E
t
h
io
p
ia,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
li
n
g
s
ites
.
T
h
ese
s
ites
wer
e
s
elec
ted
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
v
ar
iatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
an
d
d
o
wn
s
tr
ea
m
ar
ea
s
th
at
ar
e
p
o
ten
tially
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
f
r
o
m
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
d
o
m
esti
c
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
m
ap
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
clea
r
s
p
atial
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
s
am
p
lin
g
lo
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
i
n
v
eg
eta
b
les ir
r
ig
ated
b
y
th
e
r
iv
e
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ma
p
o
f
t
h
e
Ak
ak
i
r
i
v
er
s
with
s
am
p
lin
g
s
ites
2
.
2
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
a
nd
a
na
ly
t
ic
a
l r
ea
g
ent
Ato
m
ic
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
o
m
et
er
(
AAS)
n
o
v
AA
8
0
0
was
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
d
,
C
r
,
Pb
,
As
an
d
Hg
in
v
eg
etab
le
s
am
p
les.
AAS
is
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
tical
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
to
id
en
tify
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
7
0
elem
en
ts
an
d
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
an
el
em
en
t
b
y
p
ass
in
g
lig
h
t
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
wav
elen
g
th
,
em
itted
f
r
o
m
a
r
ad
iatio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
th
at
elem
en
t,
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
clo
u
d
o
f
ato
m
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
ato
m
s
a
b
s
o
r
b
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
a
h
o
llo
w
ca
th
o
d
e
lam
p
(
HC
L
)
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
in
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
d
etec
ted
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
elem
en
t
in
th
e
s
am
p
le
[
1
1
]
.
All
ch
em
icals
u
s
ed
wer
e
an
aly
tical
r
ea
g
en
t
g
r
ad
e.
HNO3
(
6
5
%),
H2
O2
(
3
0
%)
,
an
d
HC
lO4
(
7
0
%)
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ig
esti
o
n
.
Sto
c
k
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
1
0
0
0
p
p
m
f
o
r
C
d
,
C
r
,
Pb
,
As
,
a
n
d
Hg
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
e
p
ar
e
all
ca
lib
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
es
b
y
d
ilu
tin
g
to
k
n
o
wn
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
s
[
1
2
]
.
Dis
till
ed
wate
r
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
am
p
le
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
a
n
d
d
ilu
tio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
3
.
Sa
m
ple
co
llect
io
n a
nd
prepa
ra
t
io
n
E
d
ib
le
p
ar
t
s
o
f
ca
b
b
ag
e
(
B
r
ass
ica
ju
n
ce
a)
,
b
ee
tr
o
o
t
(
B
eta
v
u
l
g
ar
is
)
,
p
o
tato
(
So
lan
u
m
tu
b
er
o
s
u
m
)
,
an
d
to
m
ato
(
L
y
c
o
p
er
s
ico
n
escu
len
t
u
m
Miller
)
s
am
p
les
wer
e
co
lle
cted
f
r
o
m
f
ar
m
lan
d
s
ir
r
ig
ated
b
y
th
e
Ak
a
k
i
R
iv
er
s
in
d
r
y
m
o
n
th
s
(
J
an
u
ar
y
an
d
Fe
b
r
u
ar
y
)
.
A
to
tal
o
f
twen
ty
-
fo
ur
s
am
p
les,
twelv
e
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
Gr
ea
t
an
d
L
ittl
e
Ak
k
ak
i
R
iv
er
s
ites
,
an
d
s
ix
s
a
m
p
les
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
e
g
etab
le
ty
p
e
wer
e
s
elec
ted
an
d
co
llected
b
y
a
s
tr
atif
ied
r
an
d
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
Dete
ctio
n
o
f h
ea
vy
meta
ls
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
in
ve
g
eta
b
les a
n
d
a
n
a
lyze
…
(
S
o
lo
m
o
n
Leg
ess
e
Gu
r
mu
)
1851
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
.
Su
b
-
s
am
p
le
s
as
a
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
eg
etab
les
wer
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
r
e
p
ar
e
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
p
les in
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
am
p
l
e
f
o
r
m
[
5
]
.
Sam
p
les
wer
e
wash
ed
with
tap
wate
r
to
r
em
o
v
e
s
o
il
an
d
o
t
h
er
d
i
r
t
an
d
r
in
s
ed
with
d
is
till
ed
wate
r
to
r
em
o
v
e
a
d
s
o
r
b
e
d
elem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
les
wer
e
cu
t
i
n
to
s
m
a
ll
p
iece
s
an
d
d
r
ied
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
r
y
o
v
en
(
Me
m
m
er
t
UF 2
6
0
p
lu
s
2
3
0
V
Su
n
o
n
)
at
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
1
0
5
°C
f
o
r
2
4
h
r
s
to
r
em
o
v
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
d
r
ied
s
am
p
les we
r
e
p
o
wd
er
ed
with
a
m
o
r
tar
an
d
p
est,
an
d
s
iev
ed
with
a
2
.
5
m
icr
o
m
eter
(
µm
)
s
iev
e
s
ize,
an
d
p
l
ac
ed
in
to
p
o
ly
th
en
e
b
ag
s
u
n
til
d
ig
esti
o
n
b
e
g
an
[
1
2
]
.
On
e
g
r
am
o
f
p
o
wd
er
ed
s
am
p
le
was
d
ig
ested
in
a
b
o
r
o
s
ilicate
f
lask
with
a
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
HNO
3
(
6
5
%),
HC
lO
4
(
7
0
%)
,
an
d
H2
O
2
(
3
0
%)
in
a
r
atio
o
f
5
:2
:2
at
2
4
0
°C
f
o
r
1
5
m
in
u
tes.
A
clea
r
an
d
co
lo
r
less
s
o
lu
tio
n
was
d
il
u
ted
with
d
is
till
ed
wate
r
to
r
a
is
e
th
e
v
o
lu
m
e
u
p
to
5
0
m
L
a
n
d
f
ilter
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
W
h
atm
an
f
ilter
p
ap
er
n
o
4
2
,
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
4
.
Q
ua
lit
y
co
ntr
o
l
a
nd
a
s
s
u
ra
nce
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
d
ata,
t
h
e
s
am
p
les
wer
e
co
llected
in
d
r
y
m
o
n
t
h
s
(
J
an
u
ar
y
a
n
d
Feb
r
u
ar
y
)
wh
en
v
eg
etab
les
wer
e
g
r
o
wn
en
tire
l
y
with
ir
r
i
g
atio
n
wate
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Ak
ak
i
R
iv
er
s
.
T
h
ey
we
r
e
p
ick
ed
with
g
lo
v
e
d
h
an
d
s
an
d
co
llected
in
p
o
ly
th
e
n
e
b
ag
s
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t c
r
o
s
s
-
co
n
ta
m
in
atio
n
an
d
s
to
r
ed
at
4
°C
u
n
til u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
b
lan
k
s
o
lu
tio
n
was
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
b
y
m
ix
i
n
g
HNO
3
(
6
5
%),
HC
lO
4
(
7
0
%)
,
an
d
H
2
O
2
(
3
0
%)
in
a
v
o
l
u
m
e
r
atio
o
f
5
:2
:2
a
n
d
th
en
d
ilu
ted
th
e
m
ix
t
u
r
e
to
5
0
m
l
with
d
is
till
ed
wate
r
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
d
etec
tio
n
lim
it
was
ca
lcu
la
ted
as
th
r
ee
tim
es
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
b
lan
k
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
an
d
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
th
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
th
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
a
s
p
ik
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
test
,
an
d
th
e
m
ea
n
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
r
ate
was
9
0
.
5
%
[
1
3
]
.
Sto
ck
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
m
eta
l
was
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
AAS.
All
an
aly
tical
r
ea
g
en
ts
wer
e
with
in
th
eir
ex
p
ir
atio
n
d
ate.
E
ac
h
v
e
g
etab
le
s
am
p
le
was
an
aly
ze
d
in
h
ex
ap
licate
(
n
=
6)
,
an
d
t
h
e
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
was
ca
lcu
lated
to
m
in
im
ize
b
ias.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
n
o
v
AA
8
0
0
AAS.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
C
r
,
C
d
,
an
d
Pb
wer
e
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
lam
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
an
d
th
o
s
e
o
f
As
an
d
Hg
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
y
d
r
id
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
1
4
]
.
2
.
5
.
H
u
m
a
n
hea
lt
h r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lt
h
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
C
d
,
C
r
,
Pb
,
As
an
d
Hg
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
b
ee
tr
o
o
t,
ca
b
b
ag
e,
p
o
tato
,
an
d
to
m
ato
w
er
e
ev
alu
ated
b
y
esti
m
atin
g
h
e
alth
r
is
k
in
d
icato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
Daily
I
n
tak
e
o
f
Hea
v
y
Me
tals
an
d
Hea
lth
R
is
k
I
n
d
ex
[1
3
]
.
2
.
5
.
1
.
Da
ily
inta
k
e
o
f
hea
v
y
m
et
a
ls
(
DIHM)
T
h
e
DI
HM
,
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
(
m
g
/k
g
/
d)
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
co
n
s
u
m
ed
with
v
e
g
et
ab
les
,
was
ca
lcu
lated
as;
=
(
1
)
W
h
er
e,
C
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
c
o
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
in
th
e
ed
ib
le
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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r
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waste
[
1
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T
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h
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in
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b
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t
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leaf
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v
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a
h
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h
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p
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t
en
tial
to
ac
cu
m
u
late
Cd
[
1
9
]
.
T
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e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
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o
f
C
d
in
all
v
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s
am
p
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g
r
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ter
t
h
an
(
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0
3
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6
.
4
3
m
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/k
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to
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m
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f
Ko
k
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E
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s
a
[
1
5
]
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All
v
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etab
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s
am
p
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ad
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o
u
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d
2
6
m
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0
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3
m
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1
7
]
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T
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lead
f
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th
is
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tam
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m
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[
1
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[
2
2
]
.
T
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s
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s
s
t
h
a
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3
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t
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a
b
b
a
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m
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K
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v
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n
v
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s
t
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a
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d
b
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[
1
5
]
.
C
h
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o
m
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(
C
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c
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t
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<
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0
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m
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n
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3
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y
W
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[
2
3
]
.
C
h
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m
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(
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n
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C
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(
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f
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s
.
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(
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[
2
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]
.
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t
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a
b
b
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p
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t
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(
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1
m
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)
[
2
3
]
,
b
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a
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s
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g
s
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[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
c
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n
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f
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M
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n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
d
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
if
f
er
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
v
eg
etab
le
s
am
p
les
in
wh
ich
ca
b
b
ag
e
with
m
ax
im
u
m
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
at
p
<0
.
0
5
(
On
e
-
way
-
ANOVA)
.
T
h
is
is
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
d
is
tin
ct
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
y
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
eir
ed
i
b
le
p
a
r
ts
.
L
ea
f
y
v
e
g
etab
le
s
lik
e
ca
b
b
ag
e
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
er
tr
an
s
p
ir
atio
n
r
ates
th
at
p
u
ll
C
d
in
to
th
eir
leav
es
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
e
an
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Pd
was
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
if
f
er
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
v
eg
etab
le
s
am
p
les.
T
h
is
m
ig
h
t
b
e
d
u
e
to
all
v
eg
e
tab
les
h
ad
eq
u
iv
alen
t
a
b
s
o
r
p
ti
o
n
an
d
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
r
ate
f
o
r
Pb
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
d
a
n
d
Pb
wer
e
s
tatically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ly
d
if
f
er
en
t
with
in
v
eg
etab
le
s
am
p
les
(
On
e
-
way
-
ANOVA)
.
T
h
is
m
ig
h
t
b
e
d
u
e
to
C
d
an
d
Pb
ar
e
n
o
t
eq
u
ally
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
lo
ca
ted
b
y
all
v
eg
etab
les
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
as p
r
esen
ted
C
d
an
d
Pb
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
v
ar
iatio
n
with
in
an
d
ac
r
o
s
s
v
eg
etab
les
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Hea
v
y
m
etals c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
v
e
g
etab
le
s
am
p
les
V
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
s
C
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
;
M
e
a
n
±
S
D
(
m
g
/
k
g
)
,
n
=
6
Cd
Cr
Pb
As
Hg
B
e
e
t
r
o
o
t
2
1
.
9
2
±
1
.
0
5
<
0
.
0
0
1
2
6
.
1
3
±
.
1
0
0
.
0
1
2
±
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5
7
0
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1
2
4
±
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7
6
C
a
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b
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e
3
3
.
8
4
±
1
.
1
<
0
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0
0
1
2
6
.
1
1
±
.
0
4
0
.
0
0
5
±
.
5
6
0
.
0
1
8
±
1
.
1
6
P
o
t
a
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o
17
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2
7
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0
0
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2
6
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2
6
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1
3
0
.
0
1
2
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7
4
0
.
0
2
5
±
3
.
0
2
To
ma
t
o
2
0
.
2
7
±
2
.
0
5
<
0
.
0
0
1
2
6
.
3
4
±
.
2
1
0
.
0
3
5
±
.
8
6
0
.
0
4
7
±
.
4
8
W
H
O
/
F
A
O
st
i
p
u
l
a
t
e
l
i
mi
t
0
.
2
2
.
3
0
.
3
0
.
1
0
.
0
2
Fig
u
r
e
2.
C
d
an
d
Pb
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
v
ar
iatio
n
with
i
n
an
d
ac
r
o
s
s
v
eg
etab
les
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
0
6
Dete
ctio
n
o
f h
ea
vy
meta
ls
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
in
ve
g
eta
b
les a
n
d
a
n
a
lyze
…
(
S
o
lo
m
o
n
Leg
ess
e
Gu
r
mu
)
1853
3
.
2
.
H
um
a
n
hea
lt
h r
is
k
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
3
.
2
.
1
.
Da
ily
inta
k
e
o
f
hea
v
y
m
et
a
ls
(
DIHM)
Hea
lth
r
is
k
s
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
in
tak
e
with
in
v
esti
g
ated
v
eg
etab
les
wer
e
as
s
es
s
ed
b
y
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
DI
HM
.
T
h
e
DI
HM
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
v
ia
(
q
u
esti
o
n
1
)
v
ar
y
b
etwe
en
ad
u
lts
an
d
ch
i
ld
r
en
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
in
tak
es
wer
e
C
d
an
d
Pb
b
y
ch
il
d
r
en
with
all
s
tu
d
ied
v
e
g
etab
le
s
as
s
h
o
wed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
m
aller
b
o
d
y
s
ize
an
d
h
ig
h
er
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
ates
[
1
5
]
.
3.
3
.
H
e
a
lt
h r
is
k
ind
ex
(
H
RI)
T
h
e
HR
I
is
m
ain
ly
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
a
DI
HM
a
n
d
s
tu
d
ie
d
h
ea
v
y
m
etals’
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
o
r
al
d
o
s
es
(
R
FD)
(
q
u
esti
o
n
2
)
.
I
f
H
R
I
<1
,
m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
is
u
n
lik
ely
to
g
o
in
g
t
o
p
o
s
e
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
b
u
t
HR
I
≥
1
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
rs
ar
e
g
o
in
g
to
in
p
o
s
e
to
h
ea
lth
r
i
s
k
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
esti
m
ated
HR
I
f
o
r
ad
u
lts
an
d
ch
ild
r
en
wh
o
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
ee
tr
o
o
t,
ca
b
b
a
g
e,
p
o
tato
,
an
d
to
m
ato
wh
ich
ac
cu
m
u
lated
C
d
an
d
Pb
,
an
d
ch
ild
r
e
n
wh
o
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
ee
tr
o
o
t w
ith
Hg
wer
e
ab
o
v
e
s
af
e
lim
it
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
C
h
ild
r
en
f
ac
ed
h
ig
h
er
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
d
u
e
to
ca
d
m
i
u
m
th
a
n
a
d
u
l
ts
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
c
ab
b
ag
e
b
y
ch
ild
r
en
p
o
s
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
r
is
k
(
1
4
0
.
9
6
)
,
lik
el
y
b
ec
au
s
e
l
ea
f
y
v
eg
etab
les
ac
cu
m
u
late
m
o
r
e
ca
d
m
iu
m
[
2
7
]
.
C
h
r
o
n
ic
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
ca
d
m
iu
m
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
k
id
n
e
y
d
am
ag
e
,
b
o
n
e
lo
s
s
an
d
ca
n
c
er
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
was
ag
ain
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
at
o
f
ad
u
lts
d
u
e
to
lead
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
L
ea
d
is
a
n
eu
r
o
to
x
i
n
m
etal
i
n
n
atu
r
e
an
d
ch
ild
r
en
ar
e
at
r
is
k
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
d
elay
s
,
lear
n
in
g
d
is
ab
ilit
ies,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
is
s
u
es,
wh
er
ea
s
,
ad
u
lts
m
ay
f
ac
e
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
an
d
k
i
d
n
ey
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
2
9
].
Me
r
cu
r
y
s
h
o
wed
elev
ated
r
is
k
in
b
ee
tr
o
o
t
esp
ec
ially
in
ch
ild
r
e
n
th
a
n
ad
u
lts
,
wh
ich
m
ay
p
o
ten
tially
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
n
e
r
v
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
a
n
d
k
id
n
e
y
s
[
3
0
]
.
C
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
ar
s
en
ic
(
As)
with
s
tu
d
ied
v
eg
e
tab
les
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
lo
w
r
i
s
k
s
b
u
t
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
ay
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
k
in
lesi
o
n
s
o
r
ca
n
ce
r
.
Ov
er
all,
ch
ild
r
en
f
ac
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
.
5
tim
es
h
ig
h
er
r
is
k
o
f
ca
d
m
i
u
m
,
lea
d
an
d
m
er
cu
r
y
th
a
n
ad
u
lts
d
u
e
to
l
o
wer
b
o
d
y
weig
h
t
an
d
h
ig
h
er
in
tak
e
r
elativ
e
to
th
eir
b
o
d
y
s
ize
[
2
7
]
.
Th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ag
r
ee
d
wit
h
[
3
1
]
,
wh
o
ass
ess
ed
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
v
ia
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
r
ice
an
d
v
eg
etab
les
g
r
o
wn
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ar
ea
s
o
f
B
an
g
lad
esh
.
Th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
also
ag
r
ee
d
with
th
a
t
of
[
1
5
]
,
wh
o
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
th
e
ch
ild
r
en
wer
e
m
o
r
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
s
d
u
e
to
i
n
tak
e
o
f
to
x
ic
m
etals
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
v
eg
etab
les
ir
r
ig
ated
with
wastewate
r
.
T
ab
le
2.
Daily
in
tak
e
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etals th
r
o
u
g
h
v
eg
eta
b
les an
d
E
s
tim
atio
n
o
f
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
in
d
ex
V
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
s
P
e
r
so
n
D
I
H
M
(
1
)
w
i
t
h
H
R
I
(
2
)
o
f
h
e
a
v
y
m
e
t
a
l
s
Cd
Pb
As
Hg
B
e
e
t
r
o
o
t
A
d
u
l
t
s
1
0
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0
3
6
5
0
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0
0
0
0
.
0
4
3
6
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
6
.
5
1
0
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9
0
.
0
3
9
0
.
6
9
C
h
i
l
d
r
e
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1
0
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1
8
2
6
0
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0
0
0
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2
1
7
8
0
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0
0
0
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1
2
9
1
.
3
3
2
7
.
2
2
0
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0
0
1
1
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7
2
7
C
a
b
b
a
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e
A
d
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0
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6
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0
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0
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0
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0
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5
0
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5
6
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3
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8
8
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5
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8
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h
i
l
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2
1
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4
6
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t
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i
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1
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6
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5
0
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4
4
To
ma
t
o
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d
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1
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3
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5
1
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
b
tain
ed
th
at
b
ee
tr
o
o
t,
ca
b
b
ag
e
,
p
o
tato
an
d
to
m
a
to
ir
r
ig
ated
with
th
e
Ak
ak
i
R
i
v
er
s
wate
r
h
ad
ca
d
m
iu
m
(
C
d
)
,
lead
(
Pb
)
,
an
d
m
er
c
u
r
y
(
H
g
)
with
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
th
at
ex
ce
e
d
ed
th
e
s
af
e
lim
its
s
et
b
y
W
HO/
FAO.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
u
r
p
ass
s
af
e
lim
it
(
HR
I
<1
)
o
f
c
ad
m
iu
m
a
n
d
lead
in
all
v
e
g
eta
b
les
f
o
r
b
o
th
a
d
u
lts
an
d
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
m
er
cu
r
y
in
b
ee
tr
o
o
t
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
e
n
,
s
h
o
ws
a
s
er
io
u
s
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
in
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
th
ese
v
eg
etab
les.
C
h
ild
r
en
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
.
5
tim
es
h
ig
h
e
r
r
i
s
k
o
f
ca
d
m
iu
m
,
lead
an
d
m
er
c
u
r
y
t
h
an
a
d
u
lts
d
u
e
to
lo
wer
b
o
d
y
weig
h
t
a
n
d
h
ig
h
er
in
tak
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
es
th
at
if
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
e
tal
is
n
o
t
p
r
ev
en
ted
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
,
th
e
h
ea
lth
o
f
p
o
p
u
latio
n
w
h
o
r
e
g
u
lar
ly
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
th
e
v
eg
eta
b
les f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
is
at
r
is
k
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
,
it
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
th
at
;
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
to
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
waste
wate
r
in
to
Ak
ak
i
R
iv
er
s
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
io
r
to
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
,
d
ietar
y
d
i
v
er
s
if
icatio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
f
o
r
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
o
f
v
eg
etab
les
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
y
s
ite
s
to
lim
it
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
,
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
p
o
llu
tio
n
s
lik
e
p
h
y
to
r
em
ed
iatio
n
an
d
b
io
c
h
ar
o
n
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
o
r
g
a
n
ic
f
ar
m
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
an
d
t
h
e
h
ea
lth
s
tatu
s
o
f
p
er
m
an
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
o
f
th
e
v
eg
etab
les f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
ites
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
1
8
49
-
1
8
56
1854
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
d
,
C
r
,
Pb
,
A
s
,
an
d
Hg
in
b
ee
tr
o
o
t,
ca
b
b
a
g
e,
p
o
tato
,
an
d
to
m
ato
was
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
v
ar
io
u
s
lim
itatio
n
s
wh
ich
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
r
esu
lt
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
First,
e
v
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
tr
ies
wer
e
ma
d
e
to
d
iv
er
s
if
y
th
e
s
am
p
le
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
m
ig
h
t
n
o
t
co
v
er
s
am
p
le
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
ca
u
s
ed
d
u
e
to
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
o
r
i
g
in
,
v
eg
eta
b
le
ty
p
es
an
d
s
ea
s
o
n
al
d
if
f
er
en
c
es.
Seco
n
d
,
a
lth
o
u
g
h
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
f
o
llo
wed
,
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
o
r
g
an
ic
n
atu
r
e
o
f
v
eg
etab
le
s
am
p
les
p
o
s
ed
r
is
k
s
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
al
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
d
u
r
in
g
an
aly
s
is
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
p
ar
tially
elim
in
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
alid
atio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
a
p
r
o
b
lem
in
th
e
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
o
f
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
ch
r
o
m
iu
m
a
n
d
ar
s
en
ic
in
wh
ich
th
eir
to
x
ici
ty
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
eir
ch
em
ical
s
p
ec
iatio
n
lik
e
C
r
(
I
I
I
)
v
er
s
es C
r
(
VI
)
an
d
o
r
g
an
ic
v
er
s
es in
o
r
g
an
ic
As,
th
u
s
th
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
v
alu
es
m
ig
h
t
n
o
t
ac
cu
r
ately
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
ea
l
r
is
k
.
L
astl
y
,
t
h
e
HR
I
was
ass
es
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
esti
m
ated
d
aily
in
tak
e
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
en
tire
p
o
p
u
latio
n
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
b
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
d
ietar
y
h
ab
it,
b
o
d
y
weig
h
t
o
r
b
io
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
m
e
tals
in
in
d
iv
id
u
als
.
So
,
th
e
h
ea
l
th
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
r
e
lim
in
ar
y
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
lev
el
ev
alu
atio
n
b
u
t
n
o
t
d
ef
in
i
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
u
ch
lim
itatio
n
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
to
in
clu
d
e
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
s
am
p
lin
g
,
ch
em
ical
s
p
ec
iatio
n
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
C
r
an
d
As,
an
d
m
o
r
e
n
u
an
ce
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ass
ess
m
en
t m
o
d
el
.
A
CK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
First
o
f
all,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
wo
u
l
d
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
Go
d
alm
ig
h
ty
.
Nex
t,
t
h
ey
wo
u
ld
lik
e
t
o
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
d
ee
p
est
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
E
th
io
p
ia
n
Def
en
s
e
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
with
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
b
u
d
g
et.
Nex
t,
t
h
ey
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
th
e
AAST
U
s
taf
f
m
em
b
er
f
o
r
th
eir
h
elp
in
d
etec
tin
g
h
ea
v
y
m
etal
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
am
p
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
th
ey
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
g
iv
e
th
eir
s
p
ec
ial
th
an
k
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
ar
m
er
s
’
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
wh
o
wo
r
k
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
ite
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
t
h
em
w
ith
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
v
e
g
etab
le
s
am
p
les.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
E
th
i
o
p
ian
Def
e
n
s
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
in
t
er
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
to
th
e
f
in
al
wr
itin
g
o
f
th
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
So
lo
m
o
n
L
e
g
ess
e
Gu
r
m
u
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Fek
ed
e
W
eld
ek
id
an
Me
n
g
is
tu
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ats
ed
u
Yesh
walu
l
B
ey
en
e
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
B
izu
n
esh
Kete
m
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
B
ir
h
an
u
Millio
n
T
ad
ess
e
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
co
n
f
lict
o
f
in
ter
est
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
p
u
b
licati
o
n
o
f
t
h
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Der
iv
ed
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
aila
b
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
SG]
,
o
n
r
eq
u
est.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
Dete
ctio
n
o
f h
ea
vy
meta
ls
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
in
ve
g
eta
b
les a
n
d
a
n
a
lyze
…
(
S
o
lo
m
o
n
Leg
ess
e
Gu
r
mu
)
1855
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
N
.
R
.
J
y
o
t
h
i
,
“
H
e
a
v
y
m
e
t
a
l
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
”
i
n
H
e
a
v
y
M
e
t
a
l
s
-
T
h
e
i
r
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
I
m
p
a
c
t
s
a
n
d
Mi
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
I
n
t
e
c
h
O
p
e
n
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
7
7
2
/
i
n
t
e
c
h
o
p
e
n
.
9
5
3
7
0
.
[
2
]
U
.
O
k
e
r
e
a
f
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it
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x
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s b
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p
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ti
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s,
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m
ic i
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.
H
e
c
a
n
b
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c
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tac
ted
a
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m
a
il
:
b
tad
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ss
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5
5
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a
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.
c
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m
.
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