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ttp
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//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
O
ptimi
za
tion o
f
p
ho
tov
o
ltaic pumpin
g
sy
stem using
neuro
f
uz
zy
inferen
ce sy
stem
ANFIS
co
ntrol t
e
chnique
L
a
o
ufi
Abdelh
a
q
1,
2,
3
,
Cherg
ui
M
o
ula
y
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dris
s
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ufy
a
ne
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ro
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t
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e
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c
a
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a
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a
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l
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c
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sc
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l
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icle
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nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
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r
ticle
his
to
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y:
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ed
Oct
8
,
2
0
2
4
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ev
is
ed
Oct
2
7
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2
0
2
5
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ep
ted
No
v
16
,
2
0
2
5
In
re
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
rs,
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
in
c
re
a
sin
g
l
y
u
s
e
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
we
p
r
o
p
o
se
a
n
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
th
a
t
e
m
p
lo
y
s
th
e
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
n
e
u
ro
-
f
u
z
z
y
in
fe
re
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
(AN
F
IS
).
We
u
se
th
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
imp
ro
v
e
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
d
irec
t
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(DTC),
wh
ich
re
li
e
s
o
n
a
P
I
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
,
a
n
d
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
M
P
P
T
c
o
n
tr
o
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
P
e
rtu
r
b
a
n
d
Ob
se
rv
e
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
Th
e
o
v
e
ra
ll
g
o
a
l
i
s
to
imp
ro
v
e
th
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
pho
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
wo
rk
,
we
a
p
p
ly
AN
F
IS
c
o
n
tro
l
t
o
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
in
g
(M
P
P
T
-
AN
F
IS
)
.
A
d
d
it
io
n
a
ll
y
,
we
sim
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
sl
y
o
p
ti
m
ize
th
e
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
DTC
b
y
a
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
AN
F
IS
c
o
n
tro
l
(DTC
-
AN
F
I
S
).
We p
re
se
n
t
th
e
re
s
u
lt
s b
y
c
o
m
p
a
ri
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
AN
F
IS
c
o
n
tr
o
l
wit
h
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
,
u
si
n
g
M
ATLA
B/S
imu
li
n
k
.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
t
h
a
t
AN
F
IS
c
o
n
tro
l
sig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
imp
ro
v
e
s
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
o
ffe
ri
n
g
e
x
c
e
l
len
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
a
n
d
b
e
tt
e
r
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic so
lar en
e
rg
y
.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
th
e
AN
F
IS
h
a
s
so
m
e
d
ra
wb
a
c
k
s,
su
c
h
a
s
h
ig
h
c
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
a
l
ti
m
e
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s in
i
m
p
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
a
d
a
tab
a
se
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
ANFI
S
Dir
ec
t to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
MPPT
PV
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
L
ao
u
f
i A
b
d
elh
aq
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
W
ater
Scien
ce
an
d
T
e
ch
n
iq
u
es,
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
Ma
s
ca
r
a
B
P 7
6
3
,
Ma
s
ca
r
a
2
9
0
0
0
,
Alg
e
r
ia
E
m
ail: a
b
d
elh
aq
.
la
o
u
f
i@
u
n
iv
-
m
ascar
a.
d
z
NO
M
E
N
CL
A
T
UR
E
,
: E
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
r
esis
tan
ce
.
,
: Stato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
,
: Ro
to
r
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
.
,
:
Stato
r
f
lu
x
.
,
: Ro
to
r
f
lu
x
.
: Stato
r
an
g
u
lar
elec
tr
ical
s
p
ee
d
.
,
: Stato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
r
esis
tan
ce
s
.
,
: Stato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
in
d
u
ctan
ce
s
.
: M
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
.
: N
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
le
p
air
s
.
: M
o
m
en
t o
f
in
er
tia.
:
Fric
tio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t.
,
,
: Seq
u
en
ce
o
f
th
e
DT
C
.
,
: T
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
.
,
,
: I
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
es
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
iv
o
tal
in
itiatio
n
o
f
ar
t
if
icial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
r
ese
ar
ch
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
1
9
5
0
s
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
ca
taly
s
t
f
o
r
an
en
d
u
r
in
g
,
s
wee
p
in
g
tr
en
d
to
war
d
th
e
d
im
in
u
tio
n
o
f
m
an
d
ato
r
y
h
u
m
an
ef
f
o
r
t
ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
ajo
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
p
h
er
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
,
m
o
d
e
r
n
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
p
u
mp
in
g
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
n
e
u
r
o
f
u
z
z
y
in
feren
ce
s
ystem
…
(
La
o
u
fi A
b
d
elh
a
q
)
1271
th
e
ex
p
an
s
iv
e
s
er
v
ice
s
ec
to
r
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tally
co
n
s
titu
tes
a
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
,
f
o
r
war
d
-
l
o
o
k
in
g
an
aly
tical
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
ts
co
r
e
s
tr
en
g
th
lies
in
its
ab
ilit
y
to
m
eticu
l
o
u
s
ly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
in
ter
p
r
et
ex
ten
s
iv
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
d
ata
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
elia
b
le,
well
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
p
r
o
jectio
n
s
,
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
ally
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
p
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
d
ir
ec
tly
e
x
tr
a
cted
f
r
o
m
its
d
ata
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
W
ith
in
co
n
tr
o
l
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
e
x
is
t
f
o
r
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
I
n
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
th
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
n
e
u
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S)
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
o
b
u
s
t
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
will
b
e
p
r
ec
is
ely
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
ated
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
ANFI
S
is
th
e
m
ax
im
izatio
n
an
d
r
ef
in
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
l
is
a
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
o
f
two
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ls
,
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
an
d
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Hy
b
r
i
d
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
n
etwo
r
k
s
lear
n
r
ep
o
r
ts
an
d
m
o
d
els
u
s
in
g
a
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
ex
am
in
es
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
tr
ain
i
n
g
s
et
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
s
am
p
le
in
p
u
ts
an
d
th
eir
ass
o
ciate
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
h
y
b
r
id
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
an
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN)
with
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
lo
g
ic
o
f
a
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
e
n
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
FIS)
,
lev
er
ag
in
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
o
f
ea
ch
.
I
n
an
ANFI
S
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
d
e
r
i
v
e
s
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
ataset,
wh
ile
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
a
r
am
e
ter
s
ar
e
ad
ap
tiv
ely
ad
ju
s
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
T
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
estab
lis
h
es
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
i
n
p
u
ts
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ai
r
ed
i
n
p
u
t
–
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
an
d
co
m
b
in
es d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
lea
r
n
in
g
with
h
u
m
an
ex
p
er
tis
e
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
u
m
p
in
g
h
as
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
an
k
s
to
its
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
al
p
r
ice,
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
i
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
c
h
o
s
en
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
m
in
im
al
m
ain
ten
an
ce
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
,
an
d
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
.
I
n
s
u
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
PV
m
o
d
u
le
o
p
er
ates
n
ea
r
its
o
p
tim
al
p
o
in
t,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
an
in
v
er
ter
r
elativ
el
y
in
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t.
R
ec
e
n
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
ef
f
icien
t
in
v
er
ter
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
f
o
r
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
h
av
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
p
r
o
m
o
ted
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
s
in
s
o
lar
p
u
m
p
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates a
ce
n
tr
if
u
g
al
p
u
m
p
,
wh
ich
is
ac
tu
ated
b
y
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
DT
C
)
,
wh
ich
in
v
en
ted
b
y
T
AKAH
ASHI
I
n
1
9
8
5
,
it
u
s
e
an
attr
ac
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
u
e
to
its
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
im
p
licity
o
f
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
9
]
.
Sev
er
al
w
o
r
k
s
allo
w
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
m
ak
es it p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l q
u
an
titi
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
e
asu
r
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
n
th
e
D
T
C
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
DT
C
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
is
d
ir
ec
tly
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
s
witch
in
g
tab
le
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
DT
C
p
r
in
cip
le
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
ab
les
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
f
as
t
d
y
n
am
ic
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
m
ain
tain
ed
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
h
y
s
ter
esis
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
in
h
er
en
tly
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
2.
M
É
T
H
O
DE
2
.
1
.
H
a
rdwa
re
mo
delin
g
2
.
1
.
1
.
Sta
t
re
presenta
t
io
n o
f
I
M
in P
a
rc
k
’
s
re
f
er
ence
s
y
s
t
em
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
t
r
o
l
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
asy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e,
a
s
tate
r
ep
r
es
en
tatio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
o
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
th
is
o
b
jectiv
e,
we
h
av
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
th
e
s
tate
v
ec
t
o
r
,
w
h
ich
is
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
r
o
to
r
f
lu
x
es
.
T
h
e
f
u
ll m
ath
em
atica
l r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e,
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
[
1
5
]
,
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
elo
w:
{
=
1
[
−
(
+
(
)
2
)
+
+
2
+
+
]
=
1
[
−
−
(
+
(
)
2
)
−
+
2
+
]
=
−
−
+
(
−
)
=
−
−
−
(
−
)
=
2
(
−
)
−
−
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
is
p
e
r
s
io
n
is
=
1
−
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
40
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
1
2
7
0
-
1
28
4
1272
2
.
1
.
2
.
Cent
rif
ug
a
l pum
p m
o
dellin
g
I
n
PV
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
h
y
d
r
au
lic
p
u
m
p
p
la
y
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
i
f
u
g
al
p
u
m
p
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
ly
em
p
lo
y
ed
ty
p
e
d
u
e
to
its
s
im
p
le
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
m
o
d
u
lar
d
esig
n
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
th
e
B
er
n
o
u
lli
e
q
u
atio
n
,
th
e
r
o
to
d
y
n
am
ic
p
u
m
p
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
its
d
r
iv
e
u
n
it
in
to
th
e
k
in
etic
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
f
lu
i
d
b
y
ac
ce
ler
atin
g
th
e
f
l
u
id
'
s
r
o
tatio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
u
m
p
c
h
ar
ac
te
r
is
tic
cu
r
v
e
d
ef
in
es
th
e
co
r
r
el
atio
n
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
v
o
lu
m
et
r
ic
f
lo
w
an
d
th
e
n
et
d
if
f
er
en
tial h
ea
d
at
a
f
ix
e
d
r
o
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ated
as [
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
:
=
0
+
1
+
2
2
(2
)
=
+
(3
)
0
=
0
;
0
=
(
0
)
2
;
0
=
(
0
)
2
;
0
=
(
0
)
3
(4
)
0
,
1
,
2
:
Ar
e
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
tan
ts
d
e
f
in
in
g
th
e
p
u
m
p
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
:
Ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
as th
e
p
u
m
p
'
s
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
h
ea
d
a
n
d
f
l
o
w
ca
p
ac
i
ty
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
:
I
s
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
le
v
el
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
:
R
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
tal
h
ea
d
lo
s
s
attr
ib
u
tab
le
to
f
r
ictio
n
an
d
l
o
ca
l r
esis
tan
ce
with
in
th
e
p
ip
elin
e.
T
y
p
ically
,
h
y
d
r
au
lic
p
u
m
p
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
n
ly
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
ated
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
0
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
0
,
p
o
wer
0
,
f
lo
w
r
ate
0
an
d
th
e
h
ea
d
0
[
1
7
]
.
2
.
1
.
3
.
M
o
delin
g
t
he
t
wo
-
lev
el
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
o
urce
inv
er
t
er
A
s
tatic
DC
/AC
p
o
wer
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
th
r
e
e
b
alan
ce
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es,
all
o
win
g
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
b
o
t
h
th
eir
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
o
d
eled
as
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
two
-
lev
el
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
(
VSI
-
2
L
)
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
t
h
e
VSI
-
2
L
,
wh
ic
h
d
r
a
ws
its
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
DC
s
u
p
p
ly
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
lly
,
a
PV
p
an
el
i
n
th
is
ap
p
l
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
DC
/AC
co
n
v
er
t
er
th
en
ac
ts
as
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
[
1
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Vo
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
d
etails
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
two
-
lev
el
v
o
ltag
e
in
v
er
ter
,
as
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
[
1
7
]
:
[
]
=
3
|
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
|
|
|
(
5
)
2
.
1
.
4
.
P
V
a
rr
a
y
mo
dellin
g
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
r
ep
r
esen
tati
o
n
o
f
a
PV
m
o
d
u
le
b
e
g
in
s
with
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
d
io
d
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
a
PV
ce
ll.
T
h
is
elec
tr
ical
an
alo
g
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
a
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
ato
r
(
)
,
an
in
v
er
s
ely
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
i
o
d
e
(
D)
,
a
s
er
ies
r
esis
tan
ce
(
)
,
an
d
a
s
h
u
n
t r
esis
tan
ce
(
)
,
as d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
1
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
p
u
mp
in
g
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
n
e
u
r
o
f
u
z
z
y
in
feren
ce
s
ystem
…
(
La
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u
fi A
b
d
elh
a
q
)
1273
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
th
e
PV c
ell
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
:
=
−
{
(
+
)
−
1
}
−
+
(
6
)
w
h
er
e:
:
T
h
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
A:
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
i
d
ea
lity
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
jo
in
t
q
:
E
lectr
o
n
c
h
ar
g
e
K:
B
o
ltzm
an
n
co
n
s
tan
t
:
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
ies co
n
n
ec
ted
ce
lls
T
h
e
lig
h
t g
e
n
er
ated
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
)
in
(
7
)
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as:
=
[
+
1
(
−
)
]
(
7
)
w
h
er
e:
1
:
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
c
o
ef
f
icien
t a
s
s
o
ciate
d
with
t
h
e
ce
ll'
s
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it c
u
r
r
en
t
,
: C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
an
d
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
es o
f
th
e
ce
ll,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
G:
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
g
iv
en
in
/
2
T
h
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll'
s
d
io
d
e,
d
en
o
t
ed
as
(
)
is
d
ef
in
e
d
as:
=
(
)
3
[
(
1
−
1
)
]
(
8
)
T
h
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
is
:
=
(
)
−
1
(
9
)
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
PV
p
an
els
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
ci
r
c
u
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
40
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
1
2
7
0
-
1
28
4
1274
2
.
2
.
T
ec
hn
ica
l c
o
ntr
o
l sy
s
t
e
m
2
.
2
.
1
.
T
he
direct
t
o
rque
co
ntr
o
l
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ec
o
u
p
le
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
t
o
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
lin
k
a
g
e,
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
DT
C
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
is
r
ea
lized
b
y
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
ly
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
t
o
r
s
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
a
d
iag
r
am
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
t
h
e
DT
C
tech
n
iq
u
e.
C
u
r
r
en
ts
,
,
an
d
v
o
ltag
es
,
,
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
t
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
,
a
n
d
af
ter
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
ar
k
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
we
o
b
tain
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
an
d
v
o
ltag
es
,
,
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
in
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
(
1
0
)
,
(
1
1
)
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
f
lu
x
will
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
lu
x
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
ar
e
th
e
in
p
u
ts
o
f
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
wh
ich
will
g
iv
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
eith
e
r
1
,
-
1
o
r
0
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
f
o
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
a
s
elec
ted
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
t
o
r
,
wh
ic
h
is
th
en
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
an
d
u
s
ed
to
ap
p
ly
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
s
witch
in
g
tab
le,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
{
=
∫
0
(
−
)
=
∫
0
(
−
)
(1
0
)
=
(
−
)
(1
1
)
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
t
ak
ah
ash
i v
e
cto
r
s
elec
tio
n
ch
ar
t
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
=
=
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
=
0
7
0
7
0
7
7
=
−
1
6
1
2
3
4
5
=
=
1
3
4
5
6
1
2
=
0
0
7
0
7
0
7
=
−
1
5
6
1
2
3
4
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
s
p
ee
d
,
we
i
n
teg
r
at
e
a
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
u
s
es
at
its
in
p
u
t
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
s
et
s
p
ee
d
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ich
will
d
ef
i
n
e
at
its
o
u
tp
u
t
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
r
q
u
e
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
(
1
2
)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
=
(
)
+
∫
(
)
(1
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
D
T
C
-
PI
ap
p
lied
o
n
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
p
u
mp
in
g
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
n
e
u
r
o
f
u
z
z
y
in
feren
ce
s
ystem
…
(
La
o
u
fi A
b
d
elh
a
q
)
1275
2
.
2
.
2
.
M
P
P
T
t
ec
hn
iq
ue
Du
e
to
th
e
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
ity
o
f
PV
p
o
wer
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
,
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
n
ee
d
t
o
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
co
n
tr
o
l,
wh
ich
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
in
s
o
latio
n
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
W
ith
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
les
at
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
ts
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
less
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
an
d
P&
O
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
e
r
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
2
5
]
2
.
2
.
3
.
Ada
ptiv
e
neuro
-
f
uzzy
i
nfe
re
ncing
s
y
s
t
em
s
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
ANN)
,
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
ANFI
S
ar
e
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
s
.
ANFI
S
o
p
er
ates
a
s
a
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
b
o
th
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
t
r
o
l
(
FLC)
an
d
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
NN)
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
g
en
er
ate
f
u
zz
y
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
r
u
le
b
ase
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[2
7
]
.
T
w
o
f
u
zz
y
if
–
th
en
r
u
les
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
th
e
ANFI
S
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
[
2
4
]
,
[2
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Glo
b
al
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
Neu
r
o
-
Fu
zz
y
ANFI
S
[
2
8
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
40
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
25
:
1
2
7
0
-
1
28
4
1276
T
h
e
ANFI
S
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
f
iv
e
d
is
tin
ct
lay
er
s
.
W
ith
in
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
an
tece
d
en
t,
Ai
an
d
B
i
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
ets.
C
o
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
p
i,
q
i,
an
d
r
i
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
th
e
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
wh
o
s
e
v
alu
es
a
r
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
h
ase
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
iv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
elem
en
ts
i
s
d
esig
n
ated
as
th
e
f
u
zz
if
icatio
n
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
n
o
d
e
in
th
i
s
in
itial
lay
er
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
:
1
,
=
µ
(
)
=
{
−
[
(
−
)
2
]
}
,
ℎ
,
(
1
3
)
=
1
,
2
1
,
=
µ
(
)
,
=
3
,
4
,
x
=n
o
d
e
i
n
p
u
t,
{σ
i,
b
i,
ci}
=sta
r
tin
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
If
µ
an
d
µ
ar
e
Gau
s
s
ian
MFs,
th
ey
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
two
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
{c
,
σ
}.
L
ay
er
2
:
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
a
r
u
l
e,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
n
o
d
e
i
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
[
3
2
]
:
2
=
=
µ
(
1
)
.
µ
(
2
)
.
=
1
,
2
(
1
4
)
L
ay
er
3
:
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
n
o
r
m
aliz
e
th
e
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
th
e
r
u
les,
an
d
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
n
o
d
e
i
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
[
3
3
]
:
=
∑
=
1
(
1
5
)
L
ay
er
4
:
T
h
is
lay
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
ef
u
zz
if
icatio
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
f
in
al
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
weig
h
ted
co
n
s
eq
u
en
t
v
alu
es f
o
r
ea
c
h
r
u
le
a
r
e
co
m
p
u
ted
at
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
with
in
th
is
lay
er
,
u
s
in
g
(
1
6
)
f
o
r
th
eir
ca
lc
u
latio
n
[
3
4
]
.
4
=
=
(
+
+
)
(
1
6
)
T
o
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
ANFI
S,
b
o
th
least
s
q
u
ar
es
es
tim
atio
n
an
d
b
ac
k
-
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ad
o
p
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
n
eu
r
a
l
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Fig
u
r
es
7
(
a
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
s
tag
e
is
f
iv
e
Gau
s
s
ian
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
D
T
C
-
ANFI
S,
an
d
Fig
u
r
es
7
(
b
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
s
tag
e
is
th
r
ee
Gau
s
s
ian
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
MPPT
-
ANFI
S
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Netwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
(
a)
DT
C
-
ANFI
S
an
d
(
b
)
MPPT
-
ANFI
S
As
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
is
u
s
u
ally
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
a
r
o
u
n
d
two
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
:
−
T
h
e
p
o
wer
ci
r
cu
it,
w
h
ich
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els,
a
p
a
r
allel
(
b
o
o
s
t)
co
n
v
er
ter
,
a
two
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
,
a
n
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
t
o
r
co
u
p
led
t
o
ac
en
tr
if
u
g
al
p
u
m
p
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
p
u
mp
in
g
s
ystem
u
s
in
g
n
e
u
r
o
f
u
z
z
y
in
feren
ce
s
ystem
…
(
La
o
u
fi A
b
d
elh
a
q
)
1277
−
T
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
cir
c
u
it,
wh
ich
i
n
teg
r
ates:
An
MPPT
-
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
p
p
lied
t
o
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
to
o
p
tim
ize
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
.
a
DT
C
-
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
in
v
er
ter
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
DT
C
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
d
ir
ec
tly
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els a
n
d
,
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
MPPT
-
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
l,
d
eliv
er
s
an
o
p
tim
al
DC
v
o
ltag
e
to
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
two
-
lev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
th
en
c
o
n
v
e
r
ts
th
is
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
AC
v
o
ltag
e
t
o
d
r
iv
e
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
r
ec
eiv
es its
s
wi
tch
in
g
s
ig
n
als f
r
o
m
th
e
DT
C
-
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
cu
r
ate
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
m
o
t
o
r
th
e
n
d
r
iv
es
th
e
ce
n
tr
if
u
g
al
p
u
m
p
,
en
ab
lin
g
wate
r
to
b
e
p
u
m
p
e
d
i
n
to
a
well
o
r
a
s
to
r
a
g
e
tan
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
co
n
t
r
o
l a
p
p
lied
to
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
[3
6
]
2.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
a
n
d
p
r
ec
is
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
its
tar
g
et
cir
cu
it
was
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
r
ep
licated
with
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
was
d
esig
n
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
o
l
v
es
o
v
er
tim
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
u
n
d
er
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
m
a
n
ag
ea
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
clar
ity
,
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
o
r
g
an
ize
d
in
to
a
m
o
d
u
lar
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
iv
e
p
r
im
ar
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
al
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
is
v
is
u
ally
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
d
etailed
f
o
r
r
ef
er
en
ce
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
o
u
tlin
in
g
th
e
k
ey
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
t
h
eir
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
−
DC
Po
wer
Su
p
p
ly
B
lo
ck
:
T
h
is
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
in
clu
d
es
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
a
n
els,
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
to
a
B
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
(
p
ar
allel
ch
o
p
p
er
)
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
an
MPPT
-
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
d
y
n
am
ically
ad
ju
s
ts
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
PV
g
en
er
ato
r
b
ased
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
am
b
ien
t
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
tab
le
a
n
d
o
p
tim
al
DC
v
o
ltag
e
to
th
e
in
v
er
ter
in
p
u
t.
−
DT
C
-
ANFI
S
C
o
n
tr
o
l
B
lo
ck
:
T
h
is
b
lo
ck
im
p
lem
en
ts
a
DT
C
s
tr
ateg
y
en
h
an
ce
d
b
y
an
ANFI
S
.
I
t
g
en
er
at
es
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als
(
Sa,
Sb
,
Sc
)
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
er
ter
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
f
ast
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
’
s
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
.
−
T
wo
-
L
ev
el
I
n
v
e
r
ter
B
lo
ck
: T
h
is
s
ta
tic
co
n
v
er
ter
r
ec
eiv
es b
o
th
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
MPPT
b
lo
ck
an
d
th
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
DT
C
-
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
t
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
DC
p
o
wer
in
to
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
AC
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
.
−
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
to
r
B
lo
ck
:
T
h
is
b
lo
ck
s
im
u
lates
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e.
I
t
is
p
o
wer
e
d
b
y
th
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
a
v
a
r
iab
le
lo
a
d
to
r
q
u
e
im
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
ce
n
tr
if
u
g
al
p
u
m
p
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
eq
u
atio
n
s
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
t
o
r
.
−
T
h
e
C
en
tr
if
u
g
al
Pu
m
p
B
lo
ck
r
ep
r
esen
ts
an
d
s
im
u
lates
th
e
en
tire
h
y
d
r
au
lic
lo
ad
wh
ich
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
ir
ec
tly
d
r
i
v
es
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ically
co
u
p
les
to
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e'
s
s
h
af
t.
T
h
is
cr
u
cial
m
o
d
elin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
as
its
s
o
le
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al.
I
n
d
ir
ec
t
r
esp
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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I
n
d
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J
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C
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m
p
Sci
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N:
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in
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ased
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p
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tate,
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tellig
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ased
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ANFI
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ith
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ad
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th
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p
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m
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h
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r
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th
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ANFI
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-
b
ased
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tr
o
l
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
f
o
r
its
b
etter
ad
ap
ta
b
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to
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ad
v
ar
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s
,
m
o
r
e
ef
f
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u
s
e
o
f
th
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a
v
ailab
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s
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lar
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d
a
s
ig
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if
ican
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t in
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icie
n
cy
o
f
th
e
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
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