I
n
d
on
e
s
i
an
Jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
En
gi
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
V
o
l
.
40
,
N
o
.
3
,
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2025
,
pp
.
1
659
~
1
668
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
,
D
O
I
:
10.
1
1591
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
40
.i
3
.
pp1
65
9
-
1
668
1659
Jou
r
n
al
h
o
m
e
pa
ge
:
ht
t
p:
/
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
i
a
e
s
c
or
e
.
c
om
A
h
y
b
r
i
d
D
W
T
-
DCT
-
S
V
D
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
n
g
sch
e
m
e
u
si
n
g
a
r
n
o
l
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
V
an
-
Th
an
h
H
u
yn
h
1
,
Th
ai
-
S
o
n
N
gu
ye
n
2
,
Th
an
h
-
C
V
o
1
1
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
ra
V
i
n
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
T
rà
V
i
n
h
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
2
Re
s
o
u
r
c
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
In
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
,
T
ra
V
i
n
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
T
rà
V
i
n
h
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
A
r
ti
c
l
e
I
n
fo
A
B
S
TR
A
C
T
Ar
t
i
c
l
e
h
i
s
t
or
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
M
a
r
23
,
2
025
R
e
v
i
s
e
d
O
c
t
27
,
2
025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
N
o
v
23
,
2025
I
n
t
e
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
a
nd
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
pa
t
i
e
n
t
r
e
c
o
r
ds
(
E
P
R
s
)
a
r
e
f
r
e
que
nt
l
y
t
r
a
ns
m
i
t
t
e
d
a
nd
s
t
o
r
e
d,
m
a
ki
ng
t
he
m
v
ul
ne
r
a
bl
e
t
o
t
a
m
p
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
t
he
f
t
.
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
da
t
a
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
a
nd
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
ht
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
i
s
p
a
pe
r
p
r
o
po
s
e
s
a
hy
br
i
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
ba
s
e
d
o
n
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
D
W
T
)
,
di
s
c
r
e
t
e
c
o
s
i
n
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
D
C
T
)
,
a
nd
s
i
ng
ul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
de
c
o
m
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
(
S
V
D
)
.
T
he
m
e
t
ho
d
us
e
s
a
t
w
o
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
t
o
de
c
o
m
po
s
e
t
he
i
m
a
g
e
,
a
pp
l
i
e
s
D
C
T
t
o
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
s
u
b
-
ba
nd
s
,
a
n
d
e
m
b
e
ds
t
w
o
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ks
.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
i
s
a
l
o
g
o
us
e
d
f
o
r
o
w
ne
r
s
h
i
p
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
a
n
d
t
he
s
e
c
o
nd
i
s
a
n
E
P
R
e
nc
r
y
pt
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
A
r
no
l
d
t
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
pr
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n.
S
V
D
i
s
t
he
n
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
nha
nc
e
r
o
bus
t
ne
s
s
.
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
ho
w
t
ha
t
t
he
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
he
m
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
be
t
t
e
r
i
m
a
g
e
qua
l
i
t
y
a
nd
s
t
r
o
ng
e
r
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
o
n
a
t
t
a
c
ks
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
x
i
s
t
i
ng
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
m
e
t
ho
ds
.
Ke
y
w
or
d
s
:
A
rn
o
l
d
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
D
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
c
o
s
i
n
e
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
D
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
M
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
S
i
ngul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
de
c
o
m
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
W
a
t
e
rm
a
rki
n
g
T
hi
s
i
s
an
ope
n
ac
c
e
s
s
ar
t
i
c
l
e
u
nde
r
t
he
CC
BY
-
SA
l
i
c
e
ns
e
.
Cor
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g
Au
t
h
or
:
T
h
a
i
-
S
o
n
N
guy
e
n
R
e
s
o
ur
c
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
,
T
ra
V
i
nh
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
85000
V
i
nh
L
o
n
g,
V
i
e
t
N
a
m
E
m
a
i
l
:
t
ha
i
s
o
n@
t
v
u.
e
du
.
v
n
1.
I
N
TR
O
D
U
C
TI
O
N
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
ra
p
i
d
de
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
i
m
a
ge
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
a
nd
di
g
i
t
a
l
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
di
gi
t
a
l
d
a
t
a
,
i
.
e
.
,
t
e
xt
s
,
i
m
a
ge
s
,
a
udi
o
,
a
nd
v
i
de
o
,
a
r
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
l
y
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
e
d
a
nd
s
t
o
r
e
d
o
v
e
r
pub
l
i
c
c
ha
nn
e
l
s
.
I
n
t
e
l
e
m
e
di
c
i
n
e
,
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
,
i
n
c
l
udi
ng
M
R
I,
ul
t
ra
s
o
un
d
,
X
-
r
a
y
,
a
n
d
C
T
s
c
a
n
s
,
b
e
c
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
i
m
po
r
t
a
n
t
f
o
r
di
a
g
n
o
s
t
i
c
pr
o
c
e
dur
e
s
[1]
.
T
h
e
s
e
i
m
a
ge
s
,
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
h
o
s
pi
t
a
l
s
,
do
c
t
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
s
u
r
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
pa
n
i
e
s
,
a
r
e
v
ul
n
e
r
a
b
l
e
t
o
v
a
r
i
o
us
m
a
l
i
c
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
A
n
y
a
l
t
e
ra
t
i
o
n
t
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
o
r
pa
t
i
e
n
t
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
l
e
a
d
t
o
m
i
s
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
i
s
[2]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
i
ng
t
h
e
i
nt
e
gri
t
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
i
de
n
t
i
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
m
e
di
c
a
l
d
a
t
a
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
[3]
.
C
r
y
pt
o
gr
a
p
h
y
a
n
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
t
e
c
hn
i
que
s
a
r
e
t
w
o
pr
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
t
o
e
n
s
ur
e
da
t
a
a
u
t
h
e
nt
i
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
[4]
.
Cr
y
pt
o
gr
a
p
hi
c
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
R
S
A
,
A
E
S
,
a
n
d
R
C4,
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
p
l
a
i
n
t
e
x
t
i
n
t
o
c
i
p
h
e
rt
e
xt
t
o
s
e
c
ur
e
d
a
t
a
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
e
n
c
r
y
pt
e
d
da
t
a
o
f
t
e
n
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
s
m
o
r
e
a
t
t
e
nt
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
a
t
t
a
c
ke
r
s
.
I
n
c
o
n
t
ra
s
t
,
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rki
n
g
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
s
s
e
c
r
e
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
nt
o
t
h
e
c
ov
e
r
d
a
t
a
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
i
t
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
l
e
a
n
d
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o
de
t
e
c
t
.
T
hi
s
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
p
a
t
i
e
nt
r
e
c
o
r
ds
(E
P
R
s
)
r
e
m
a
i
n
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
duri
n
g
t
ra
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
ve
r
o
pe
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
[2]
.
Im
a
ge
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
n
g
t
e
c
hn
i
que
s
a
r
e
p
a
r
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
d
i
nt
o
t
w
o
do
m
a
i
n
s
,
na
m
e
l
y
t
h
e
s
pa
t
i
a
l
do
m
a
i
n
a
nd
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
do
m
a
i
n
[5]
,
[6]
.
S
p
a
t
i
a
l
do
m
a
i
n
t
e
c
hni
que
s
di
r
e
c
t
l
y
m
o
di
fy
pi
xe
l
s
t
o
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ks
.
O
n
e
of
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
l
e
s
t
e
xa
m
pl
e
s
i
s
t
h
e
l
e
a
s
t
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
b
i
t
r
e
pl
a
c
e
m
e
nt
,
w
h
i
c
h
ha
s
b
e
e
n
f
ur
t
h
e
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
i
n
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
w
o
r
ks
[7]
-
[10
]
.
S
p
a
t
i
a
l
do
m
a
i
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
o
ffe
r
l
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
pl
e
xi
t
y
a
n
d
e
a
s
i
e
r
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
t
h
e
s
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
l
o
w
e
r
i
m
a
ge
q
ua
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
w
e
a
ke
r
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
.
Co
n
s
e
que
nt
l
y
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
ha
s
s
h
i
f
t
e
d
t
o
w
a
r
d
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
do
m
a
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
.
I
n
f
r
e
que
nc
y
do
m
a
i
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
hni
que
s
,
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
i
m
a
ge
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
nt
o
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
us
i
n
g
w
e
l
l
-
kn
o
w
n
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
s
uc
h
a
s
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
c
o
s
i
n
e
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
(D
CT
)
,
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(D
W
T
)
,
r
e
du
n
d
a
nt
D
W
T
,
n
o
n
-
s
ub
s
a
m
pl
e
d
c
o
n
t
o
url
e
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(N
S
CT
),
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
40
,
N
o
.
3
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1
65
9
-
1
668
1660
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(S
W
T
)
,
p
ri
n
c
i
p
a
l
c
o
m
po
n
e
nt
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
(P
CA
),
a
n
d
s
i
n
g
ul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
de
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
o
n
(S
V
D
).
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
n
us
e
d
t
o
e
m
b
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ks
.
T
o
e
nha
n
c
e
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
h
y
b
r
i
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
s
ha
v
e
b
e
e
n
p
r
o
po
s
e
d,
s
uc
h
a
s
S
W
T
-
D
C
T
[
11],
[1
2]
,
D
W
T
-
S
V
D
[
1
3]
-
[
15
]
,
N
S
C
T
-
R
D
W
T
-
S
V
D
[1
6]
,
D
W
T
-
D
C
T
-
P
CA
[1
7]
,
a
nd
R
D
W
T
-
D
C
T
-
S
c
hu
r
de
c
o
m
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
[1
8
]
.
S
i
ng
h
e
t
al
.
[2]
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
D
C
T
-
D
W
T
-
S
V
D
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
s
c
h
e
m
e
t
o
a
c
hi
e
v
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
c
e
rt
a
i
n
i
m
a
ge
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
a
nd
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
r
e
m
a
i
n
e
d
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
ge
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
l
i
ke
c
r
o
ppi
n
g
,
s
c
a
l
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
r
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
o
e
nha
n
c
e
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
,
a
b
l
i
n
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
i
n
g
a
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
ng
s
e
c
o
n
d
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
a
n
d
S
V
D
w
a
s
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
i
n
[14]
,
i
n
c
o
r
po
ra
t
i
ng
a
n
e
n
c
r
y
pt
i
o
n
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
t
o
r
e
s
i
s
t
i
nt
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
u
ni
n
t
e
nt
i
o
n
a
l
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
L
a
t
e
r
,
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
a
ut
h
e
nt
i
c
i
t
y
[11]
,
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
S
W
T
a
nd
D
C
T
f
o
r
z
e
r
o
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rki
ng,
us
i
n
g
a
c
ha
o
t
i
c
m
a
p
t
o
s
c
r
a
m
b
l
e
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
t
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
ge
o
m
e
t
ri
c
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
T
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
hi
g
h
s
e
c
uri
t
y
,
A
na
n
d
a
nd
S
i
n
g
h
[1
5]
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
dua
l
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
t
e
c
hni
que
us
i
n
g
D
W
T
-
S
V
D
,
w
h
e
r
e
H
a
m
m
i
n
g
c
o
di
ng
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
d
d
i
s
t
o
rt
i
o
n.
T
h
e
i
r
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
a
c
hi
e
v
e
d
h
i
g
h
e
r
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
b
ut
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
m
a
ge
qua
l
i
t
y
b
e
l
ow
40
dB
.
T
o
f
urt
h
e
r
e
nh
a
n
c
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[16]
,
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
N
S
C
T
,
R
D
W
T
,
a
nd
S
V
D
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
s
c
h
e
m
e
.
T
h
a
k
u
r
e
t
a
l
.
[16]
,
s
i
n
gul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
of
t
w
o
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ks
,
i
.
e
.
,
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
a
n
d
t
h
e
E
P
R
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk,
a
r
e
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
s
i
n
gu
l
a
r
m
a
t
r
i
x
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
v
e
r
i
m
a
ge
.
T
h
e
i
r
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
w
h
i
l
e
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
ni
n
g
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
.
A
dd
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
t
udi
e
s
ha
v
e
c
a
t
e
go
r
i
z
e
d
t
he
c
o
ve
r
i
m
a
ge
s
i
nt
o
t
w
o
r
e
gi
o
n
s
,
i
.
e
.
,
t
h
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
of
n
o
n
-
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
(R
O
N
I)
a
nd
t
h
e
r
e
gi
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
(R
O
I).
W
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
i
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
R
O
N
I
r
e
gi
o
n
t
o
pr
e
s
e
r
v
e
di
a
g
n
o
s
t
i
c
qua
l
i
t
y
[19],
[20]
.
F
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
S
w
a
r
a
j
a
[20]
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
D
W
T
a
n
d
S
c
h
u
r
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
i
n
t
e
l
e
m
e
di
c
i
n
e
a
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
c
h
i
e
v
i
n
g
s
t
r
o
n
g
e
r
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
w
hi
l
e
gua
ra
nt
e
e
i
n
g
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
.
B
e
s
i
de
s
e
ff
o
r
t
s
t
o
e
nh
a
n
c
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
fo
r
c
o
p
y
r
i
ght
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
t
ud
i
e
s
f
oc
us
o
n
f
ra
gi
l
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ks
f
o
r
t
a
m
pe
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
s
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
i
n
[21]
-
[
24]
.
S
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
di
s
c
us
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
us
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
f
ul
l
y
e
xa
m
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
,
t
h
e
i
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
.
T
o
f
ur
t
h
e
r
e
nh
a
n
c
e
b
o
t
h
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
,
a
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
bri
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
p
r
o
po
s
e
d.
In
t
h
e
pr
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
t
h
e
o
ri
gi
na
l
i
m
a
ge
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
nt
o
f
o
ur
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
(
LL
1
,
H
H
1
,
L
H
1
,
a
n
d
HL
1
)
us
i
n
g
D
W
T
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
t
h
e
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
r
o
bus
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
i
m
a
ge
q
ua
l
i
t
y
,
t
hr
e
e
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
(
HH
1
,
LH
1
,
a
n
d
HL
1
)
a
r
e
f
urt
h
e
r
de
c
o
m
po
s
e
d
us
i
n
g
a
s
e
c
o
n
d
-
l
e
ve
l
D
W
T
.
N
e
xt
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
a
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
a
n
d
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
us
i
n
g
D
CT
.
T
h
e
n
,
D
C
T
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
d
-
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
a
n
ge
s
a
r
e
c
h
o
s
e
n
fo
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
.
A
dd
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
E
P
R
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
s
e
n
c
r
y
pt
e
d
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
b
o
t
h
D
CT
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
nd
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ks
a
r
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
us
i
n
g
S
V
D
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
.
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
ha
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
pr
o
v
i
de
s
hi
g
h
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
t
r
o
ng
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
ga
i
n
s
t
v
a
ri
o
us
m
a
l
i
c
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
2.
R
ELA
TED
WO
R
K
S
2.
1
A
r
n
o
l
d
tr
an
s
fo
r
m
ati
o
n
al
go
r
i
th
m
T
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
f
i
r
s
t
i
nt
r
o
duc
e
d
by
A
r
n
o
l
d
a
n
d
A
v
e
z
[25]
,
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
A
rn
o
l
d’s
c
a
t
m
a
p
.
In
t
hi
s
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
p
i
xe
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
nput
i
m
a
ge
a
r
e
m
a
p
pe
d
t
o
n
e
w
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
i
m
a
ge
s
us
i
n
g
(
1).
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t
,
w
i
t
h
o
ut
t
h
e
ke
y
,
a
t
t
a
c
ke
r
s
f
i
n
d
i
t
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
uc
t
t
h
e
o
ri
gi
na
l
i
m
a
ge
.
[
+
1
+
1
]
=
[
1
1
+
]
[
]
(
mo
d
)
(1)
H
e
r
e
,
a
n
d
i
s
t
h
e
p
i
xe
l
c
oo
r
di
na
t
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
ℎ
i
t
e
ra
t
i
o
n,
w
h
i
l
e
+
1
a
n
d
+
1
a
r
e
t
h
e
up
da
t
e
d
c
o
o
r
di
n
a
t
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
(
+
1
)
ℎ
i
t
e
ra
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
e
rm
×
i
s
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
s
i
z
e
,
a
n
d
a
nd
a
r
e
c
o
n
t
ro
l
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
r
s
t
h
a
t
r
e
gul
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
a
pp
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
2.
2
.
D
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
w
av
e
l
e
t
t
r
an
s
fo
r
m
T
h
e
D
W
T
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
e
l
l
-
kn
o
w
n
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
t
e
c
hni
que
s
i
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
a
nd
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
i
m
a
ge
s
.
I
n
t
w
o
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
,
a
n
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
i
m
a
ge
i
s
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
t
w
i
c
e
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
F
i
r
s
t
,
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
i
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
f
o
ur
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
(
L
L
,
L
H
,
H
L
,
a
n
d
HH
)
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
,
t
h
e
s
ub
-
b
a
n
d
LL
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
pr
e
s
e
nt
t
h
e
c
o
a
r
s
e
-
s
c
a
l
e
D
W
T
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
e
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
a
r
e
us
e
d
t
o
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
f
i
n
e
-
s
c
a
l
e
D
W
T
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
.
A
n
e
xa
m
pl
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
t
e
c
hn
i
que
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
2.
3
.
D
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
c
o
s
i
n
e
t
r
an
s
fo
r
m
T
h
e
D
C
T
,
a
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
,
i
s
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
an
i
m
a
ge
i
nt
o
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
do
m
a
i
n
.
F
o
r
a
n
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
i
m
a
ge
o
f
s
i
z
e
n
×
n,
t
h
e
c
o
rr
e
s
po
n
di
ng
D
C
T
c
o
e
ffi
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
c
o
m
put
e
d
us
i
ng
(2
)
a
n
d
(3)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
A
h
y
br
i
d
D
W
T
-
D
CT
-
SV
D
w
at
e
r
m
ar
k
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
us
i
ng
ar
nol
d
t
r
ans
f
or
m
(
V
an
-
T
hanh
H
u
y
nh
)
1661
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
A
n
e
xa
m
pl
e
o
f
a
t
w
o
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
,
)
=
2
(
)
(
)
∑
∑
(
,
)
(
(
2
+
1
)
2
)
(
(
2
+
1
)
2
)
−
1
=
0
−
1
=
0
(2)
w
h
e
r
e
,
(
)
=
{
1
√
2
,
=
0
1
,
ℎ
(3)
H
e
r
e
,
t
h
e
f
un
c
t
i
o
n
(
,
)
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pi
xe
l
v
a
l
ue
a
t
t
h
e
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
c
oo
r
di
n
a
t
e
(
,
)
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
p
ut
i
m
a
ge
,
w
h
i
l
e
(
,
)
de
n
o
t
e
s
t
h
e
D
CT
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
c
o
o
r
di
na
te
(
,
)
i
n
t
h
e
D
CT
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
m
a
t
r
i
x
.
2.
4
.
Si
n
gu
l
ar
v
al
u
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
T
h
e
S
V
D
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
w
i
de
l
y
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
i
n
d
a
t
a
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
i
m
a
ge
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
o
de
c
o
m
pos
e
a
n
i
m
a
ge
i
nt
o
t
hr
e
e
m
a
t
ri
c
e
s
.
T
h
e
de
c
o
m
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
e
xp
r
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
(4)
.
=
∙
∙
(4)
w
h
e
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
h
e
i
nput
i
m
a
ge
,
a
n
d
a
r
e
o
rt
h
o
go
n
a
l
m
atr
i
c
e
s
,
i
s
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
di
a
go
na
l
m
a
t
r
i
x
,
a
n
d
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
po
s
e
of
.
3.
P
R
O
P
O
S
ED
S
C
H
E
M
E
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
r
o
duc
e
s
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rki
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
t
o
a
dd
r
e
s
s
t
w
o
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
ge
s
of
t
e
l
e
m
e
di
c
i
n
e
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
i
.
e
.
,
a
ut
h
e
nt
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
o
f
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ri
v
a
c
y
of
E
P
R
s
.
T
h
e
pr
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
e
m
b
e
ds
t
w
o
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rks
i
nt
o
a
c
o
v
e
r
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
(
1
),
a
b
i
na
r
y
l
o
go
i
m
a
ge
,
i
s
s
o
l
e
l
y
us
e
d
t
o
v
e
r
i
fy
i
m
a
ge
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
.
I
t
s
p
ri
m
a
r
y
go
a
l
i
s
t
o
r
e
c
ov
e
r
t
h
e
l
o
go
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
l
y
ra
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
o
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
s
e
c
r
e
t
da
t
a
.
Co
n
s
e
que
n
t
l
y
,
fo
r
s
i
m
p
l
i
c
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
l
o
go
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
s
n
o
t
e
n
c
r
y
pt
e
d.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk,
t
h
e
E
P
R
,
i
s
a
n
i
m
a
ge
c
o
nt
a
i
ni
n
g
t
h
e
pa
t
i
e
n
t
’s
p
ri
v
a
t
e
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n.
It
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
pr
o
t
e
c
t
pa
t
i
e
nt
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
a
nd
i
s
s
c
ra
m
b
l
e
d
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
t
o
e
nha
n
c
e
s
e
c
uri
t
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
t
h
e
c
ove
r
i
m
a
ge
i
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
e
d
us
i
n
g
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
W
T
,
D
CT
,
a
nd
S
V
D
t
o
s
e
l
e
c
t
s
ui
t
a
b
l
e
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
b
o
t
h
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ks
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
pa
r
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
m
a
i
n
p
ha
s
e
s
,
na
m
e
l
y
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
p
ha
s
e
a
nd
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
i
ng
p
ha
s
e
,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
i
l
l
us
t
ra
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
s
2
a
n
d
3,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
de
t
a
i
l
e
d
pr
o
c
e
dur
e
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
ha
s
e
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
ub
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
F
l
o
w
c
h
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
F
l
o
w
c
h
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
40
,
N
o
.
3
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1
65
9
-
1
668
1662
3.
1
.
Th
e
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
i
n
th
e
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
p
h
as
e
T
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
s
e
m
b
e
dd
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
b
e
g
i
n
b
y
a
p
p
l
y
i
ng
a
t
w
o
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
t
o
t
he
c
o
v
e
r
i
m
a
ge
t
o
de
c
o
m
po
s
e
i
t
i
nt
o
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
f
r
e
q
ue
n
c
y
s
ub
-
b
a
nd
s
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
s
u
b
-
b
a
nds
a
r
e
t
he
n
d
i
v
i
de
d
i
nt
o
b
l
o
c
ks
a
nd
f
u
rt
h
e
r
t
ra
ns
f
o
rm
e
d
us
i
ng
t
he
D
C
T
t
ra
ns
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n.
K
e
y
D
C
T
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
re
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
s
t
ruc
t
t
w
o
m
a
t
ri
c
e
s
1
a
nd
2
.
T
h
e
m
a
t
ri
x
1
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
t
he
f
i
rs
t
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
1
,
a
c
o
py
ri
g
ht
l
o
go
of
s
i
z
e
3
2
×
3
2
p
i
xe
l
s
,
w
hi
le
t
he
ma
t
ri
x
2
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
c
e
a
l
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
nd
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
E
P
R
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
a
n
i
m
a
ge
c
o
nt
a
i
ni
ng
p
a
t
i
e
nt
s
’
i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
i
z
e
1
2
8
×
12
8
p
i
xe
l
s
.
T
o
e
nha
nc
e
s
e
c
u
ri
t
y
f
o
r
p
a
t
i
e
nt
s
,
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
E
P
R
i
s
s
c
ra
m
b
l
e
d
u
s
i
ng
t
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
ra
ns
f
o
rm
t
o
ge
n
e
ra
t
e
2
.
T
he
n,
S
V
D
i
s
a
pp
l
i
e
d
t
o
b
o
t
h
t
he
m
a
t
ri
c
e
s
a
nd
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
s
.
T
he
s
i
ng
u
l
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
s
a
r
e
e
m
b
e
d
de
d
i
nt
o
t
h
e
c
o
rr
e
s
po
n
d
i
ng
s
i
ng
ul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
t
ri
c
e
s
,
s
c
a
l
e
d
by
a
s
t
r
e
ng
t
h
f
a
c
t
o
r
α
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
i
n
v
e
rs
e
S
V
D
,
D
C
T
,
a
nd
D
W
T
a
r
e
pe
r
f
o
rm
e
d
t
o
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
ruc
t
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
e
d
i
m
a
ge
.
T
he
p
s
e
u
do
c
o
de
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
e
m
b
e
d
di
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
s
u
m
m
a
ri
z
e
d
i
n
A
l
go
ri
t
hm
1
.
A
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
1
.
W
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
Input: Cover image I, watermark W_1, watermark EPR
Output: Watermarked image I^'
Initialize matrices:
M_1 is matrix of size 32
32
M_2 is matrix of size 128
128
1.
Begin
2.
〖
[LL
〗
_1,
〖
HL
〗
_1,
〖
LH
〗
_1,
〖
HH
〗
_1]←dwt2(I,'Haar')
3.
〖
[LL
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HL
〗
_2HL1,
〖
LH
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HH
〗
_2HL1]←dwt
2(
〖
HL
〗
_1,'Haar')
4.
〖
[LL
〗
_2LH1,
〖
HL
〗
_2LH1,
〖
LH
〗
_2LH1,
〖
HH
〗
_2LH1]←dwt
2(
〖
LH
〗
_1,'Haar')
5.
〖
[LL
〗
_2HH1,
〖
HL
〗
_2HH1,
〖
LH
〗
_2HH1,
〖
HH
〗
_2HH1]←dwt
2(
〖
HH
〗
_1,'Haar')
6.
〖
{512 blocks A of size 8
8} □(←┴form ) HH
〗
_
2
H
L
1
,
〖
HH
〗
_2LH1
7.
for i→1 to 512 do
8.
A_i^'←dct2(A_i)
9.
M_1 □(←┴form ) A_(i(2,5),)^' A_(i(3,4) )^'
10.
end
11.
{2048 blocks B of size 4
4} □(←┴form )
〖
HL
〗
_
2
H
H
1
,
〖
LH
〗
_2HH1
12.
for i
→1 to 2048 do
13.
B_i^'←dct2(B_i)
14.
M
_
2
□
(
←
┴
f
o
r
m
)
〖
[B
〗
_(i(1,2),)^'
B_(i(2,1)
,)^'
B_(i(3,1),)^'
B_(i(2,2),)^'
B_(i(1,3),)^' B_(i(1,4),)^' B_(i(2,3),)^' B_i(3,2)^']
15.
end
16.
W_2←Arnold(EPR)
17.
〖
[U
〗
_1,S_1,V_1]←svd(M_1)
18.
〖
[U
〗
_W1,S_W1,V_W1]←svd(W_1)
19.
〖
[U
〗
_2,S_2,V_2]←svd(M_2)
20.
〖
[U
〗
_W2,S_W2,V_W2]←svd(W_2)
21.
S_1^'←S_1+ α∙S_w1
22.
S_2^'←S_2+ α∙S_w2
23.
M_1^'←U_1∙S_1^'∙V_1^T
24.
M_2^'←U_2∙S_2^'∙V_2^T
25.
for i→1 to 512 do
26.
〖
[A
〗
_(i(2,5)),A_(i(3,4))]←┴update M_1^'
27.
A_i^'←idct2(A_i)
28.
end
29.
for i→1 to 2048 do
30.
〖
[B
〗
_(i(1,2)),B_(i(2,1)),B_(i(3,1)),B_(i(2,2)),B_(i(1,3)),B_(i(1,4)),B_(i(2,3)),B_(i(3,2))]
←┴update M_2^'
31.
B_i^'←idct2(B_i)
32.
end
33.
〖
HH'
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HH'
〗
_2LH1←
〖
{A
〗
_i^'}
34.
〖
HL'
〗
_2HH1,
〖
LH'
〗
_2HH1←{B_i^'}
35.
〖〖
HL
〗
_1^'←idwt2(LL
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HL
〗
_2HL1,
〖
LH
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HH
〗
_2HL1^','Haar')
36.
〖〖
LH
〗
_1^'←idwt2(LL
〗
_2LH1,
〖
HL
〗
_2LH1,
〖
LH
〗
_2LH1,
〖
HH
〗
_2LH1^','Haar')
37.
〖〖
HH
〗
_1^'←idwt2(LL
〗
_2HH1,
〖
HL
〗
_2HH1^',
〖
LH
〗
_
2
H
H
1
^
'
,
〖
HH
〗
_2HH1,'Haar')
38.
I^'←idwt2(
〖
LL
〗
_1,
〖
HL
〗
_1^',
〖
LH
〗
_1^',
〖
HH
〗
_
1
^
'
,
'
H
a
a
r
'
)
39.
return I^'
40.
End
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
A
h
y
br
i
d
D
W
T
-
D
CT
-
SV
D
w
at
e
r
m
ar
k
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
us
i
ng
ar
nol
d
t
r
ans
f
or
m
(
V
an
-
T
hanh
H
u
y
nh
)
1663
3.
2
.
Wat
e
r
m
ar
k
e
x
tr
a
c
ti
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
T
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
s
t
a
rt
s
by
a
ppl
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
w
o
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
a
n
d
D
C
T
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ke
d
i
m
a
ge
t
o
i
de
nt
i
f
y
t
h
e
m
o
di
f
i
e
d
m
a
t
r
i
c
e
s
1
′
a
nd
2
′
.
S
V
D
i
s
t
h
e
n
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
m
a
t
ri
c
e
s
t
o
e
xt
ra
c
t
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
dde
d
s
i
n
gul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
.
T
h
e
s
i
ngul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
of
t
h
e
o
ri
gi
na
l
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ks
a
r
e
r
e
c
ov
e
r
e
d
us
i
ng
t
h
e
s
c
a
l
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
α
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
1
′
is
di
r
e
c
t
l
y
r
e
c
on
s
t
ruc
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
e
d
s
i
n
gul
a
r
v
a
l
ue
s
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
′
i
s
u
n
s
c
r
a
m
b
l
e
d
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
.
A
dd
i
t
i
o
na
l
l
y
,
t
o
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
ua
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
,
a
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
c
o
rr
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
i
que
i
s
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
us
i
n
g
(5)
.
T
h
e
ps
e
udoc
o
d
e
fo
r
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
e
xt
ra
c
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
p
r
o
v
i
de
d
i
n
A
l
go
r
i
t
hm
2
.
,
=
{
1
,
if
,
≥
0
.
5
0
,
o
t
h
e
r
w
i
se
(5)
A
l
go
r
i
t
h
m
2
.
W
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
e
xt
r
a
c
t
i
n
g
Input: Watermarked image I^'
Output: Extracted watermark W_1^', extracted watermark EPR'
Initialize matrices:
M_1^' is matrix of size 32
32
M_2^' is matrix of size 128
128
1:
Begin
2:
〖
[LL
〗
_1,
〖
HL
〗
_1,
〖
LH
〗
_1,
〖
HH
〗
_1]←dwt2(I','Haar')
3:
〖
[LL
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HL
〗
_2HL1,
〖
LH
〗
_2HL1,
〖
HH
〗
_2HL1]←dwt
2(
〖
HL
〗
_1,'Haar')
4:
〖
[LL
〗
_2LH1,
〖
HL
〗
_2LH1,
〖
LH
〗
_2LH1,
〖
HH
〗
_2LH1]←dwt
2(
〖
LH
〗
_1,'Haar')
5:
〖
[LL
〗
_2HH1,
〖
HL
〗
_2HH1,
〖
LH
〗
_2HH1,
〖
HH
〗
_2HH]←dwt2
(
〖
HH
〗
_1,'Haar')
6:
〖
{512 blocks A of size 8
8} □(←┴form ) HH
〗
_
2
H
L
1
,
〖
HH
〗
_2LH1
7:
for i→1 to 512 do
8:
A_i^'←dct2(A_i)
9:
M_1^' □(←┴form ) A_(i(2,5),)^' A_(i(3,4) )^'
10:
end
11:
{2048
blocks B of size 4
4} □(←┴form )
〖
HL
〗
_
2
H
H
1
,
〖
LH
〗
_2HH1
12:
for i→1 to 2048 do
13:
B_i^'←dct2(B_i)
14:
M
_
2
^
'
□
(
←
┴
f
o
r
m
)
〖
[B
〗
_(i(1,2),)^'
B_(i(2,1)
,)^'
B_(i(3,1),)^'
B_(i(2,2),)^'
B_(i(1,3),)^' B_(i(1,4),)^' B_(i(2,3),)^' B_(i(3,2) )^']
15:
end
16
:
〖
[U'
〗
_1,
〖
S'
〗
_1,
〖
V'
〗
_1]←svd(M_1^')
17:
〖
[U'
〗
_2,
〖
S'
〗
_2,
〖
V'
〗
_2]←svd(M_2^')
18:
S_W1^'←
〖
(S'
〗
_1
-
S_1)/ α
19:
W_1^'←U_W1∙S_W1^'∙V_W1^T
20:
S_W2^'←
〖
(S'
〗
_2
-
S_2)/ α
21:
W_2^'←U_W2∙S_W2^'∙V_W2^T
22:
EPR'←Arnold(W_2^')
23:
Correct watermark W_1^' and EPR' using Eq.
(5)
24:
return W_1^',EPR'
25:
End
4.
EX
P
ER
I
M
EN
TA
L
R
ES
U
L
TS
T
o
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
o
f
s
i
z
e
512
×
5
12
w
e
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
M
e
dP
i
x
®
M
e
di
c
a
l
I
m
a
ge
D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
n
g
M
R
Is
,
ul
t
ra
s
o
un
ds
,
X
-
ra
y
s
,
a
n
d
CT
s
c
a
n
s
.
A
b
i
n
a
r
y
i
m
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
T
V
U
l
o
go
(32
×
32
pi
xe
l
s
)
a
n
d
a
pa
t
i
e
n
t
r
e
c
o
r
d
i
m
a
ge
(1
28
×
128
pi
xe
l
s
)
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
(
1
)
a
nd
t
h
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
pr
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
(
E
P
R
)
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4
i
l
l
us
t
ra
t
e
s
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
s
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
s
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
F
i
gur
e
s
4(a
)
-
(d)
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
f
o
ur
m
e
di
c
a
l
c
ove
r
i
m
a
ge
s
,
w
hi
l
e
F
i
gu
r
e
s
4(e
)
-
(f
)
p
r
e
s
e
nt
t
h
e
c
o
rr
e
s
po
n
di
ng
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
i
m
a
ge
s
.
In
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r,
t
o
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
qua
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
e
d
i
m
a
ge
s
,
t
h
e
pe
a
k
s
i
g
na
l
-
to
-
n
o
i
s
e
r
a
t
i
o
(P
S
N
R
)
i
s
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
e
xpe
ri
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
P
S
N
R
v
a
l
ue
i
s
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
t
o
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
ri
t
y
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
o
r
i
gi
na
l
i
m
a
ge
a
nd
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ke
d
i
m
a
ge
.
T
h
e
P
S
N
R
v
a
l
ue
i
s
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d
by
us
i
n
g
(
6
).
=
10
10
(
2
55
2
(
1
×
)
∑
∑
(
,
−
,
′
)
2
=
1
=
1
)
(
6)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
40
,
N
o
.
3
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1
65
9
-
1
668
1664
w
h
e
r
e
m
n
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
.
,
a
nd
,
′
de
n
o
t
e
p
i
xe
l
v
a
l
ue
s
b
e
fo
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ks
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
In
a
d
di
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
n
o
rm
a
l
i
z
e
d
c
r
o
s
s
c
o
rr
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
(N
CC)
v
a
l
ue
i
s
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
t
o
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
ri
t
y
of
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
e
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
dde
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk.
By
us
i
ng
N
CC
v
a
l
ue
,
de
f
i
n
e
d
by
(
7
),
t
h
e
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rki
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
i
s
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
u
nde
r
v
a
r
i
o
us
m
a
l
i
c
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
=
∑
∑
,
∙
,
′
=
1
=
1
∑
∑
,
∙
,
=
1
=
1
(7)
w
h
e
r
e
W
a
nd
′
de
n
o
t
e
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
dde
d
a
nd
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
e
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ks
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
pa
i
r
(
i
,
j
)
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
c
o
o
r
di
na
te
of
pi
xe
l
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
a
t
t
h
e
i
th
r
o
w
a
n
d
j
th
c
o
l
um
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
dde
d
o
r
e
xt
r
a
c
t
e
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
.
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
(d)
(e
)
(f
)
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
S
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
c
ov
e
r
i
m
a
ge
s
:
(a
)
M
R
Is
,
(b
)
u
l
t
ra
s
o
un
d
s
,
(c
)
X
-
r
ay
s
,
(d)
C
T
s
c
a
n
s
,
(e
)
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
1
,
a
n
d
(f
)
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
E
P
R
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
ga
i
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
(α)
,
α
=
0
.
4
w
a
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
fo
r
t
h
e
e
xpe
ri
m
e
n
t
s
,
a
s
i
t
pr
o
v
i
de
s
a
n
o
pt
i
m
a
l
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
qu
a
l
i
t
y
i
m
a
ge
a
n
d
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
(P
S
N
R
a
nd
N
CC)
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
pe
s
of
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
w
i
t
ho
ut
a
n
y
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
N
o
t
a
b
l
y
,
f
o
r
a
l
l
i
m
a
ge
t
y
p
e
s
,
t
h
e
pr
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
h
i
g
h
P
S
N
R
v
a
l
ue
s
,
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
l
y
e
xc
e
e
di
n
g
68.
3
dB
.
T
hi
s
i
ndi
c
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ke
d
i
m
a
ge
s
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
m
i
ni
m
a
l
d
i
s
t
o
rt
i
o
n
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
o
ri
gi
na
l
c
o
unt
e
r
p
a
r
t
s
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
i
s
t
ha
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
s
D
CT
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
c
a
ndi
d
a
t
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
i
d
-
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
e
gi
o
n
.
Mo
r
e
ov
e
r
,
du
ri
n
g
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
o
n
l
y
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
c
ha
n
ge
s
a
r
e
m
a
de
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
t
o
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
.
F
urt
h
e
rm
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
N
CC
v
a
l
ue
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
fo
r
a
l
l
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
t
y
p
e
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
a
t
1
.
00
,
de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
ng
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
i
t
y
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
dde
d
a
n
d
e
xt
r
a
c
t
e
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ks
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
’s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
α
=
0
.
4
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
P
S
N
R
(d
B)
N
CC
1
CT
s
c
a
n
s
6
8
.
3
5
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
M
RI
s
6
8
.
3
5
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
U
l
t
ra
s
o
u
n
d
s
6
8
.
3
5
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
X
-
Ra
y
s
6
8
.
3
5
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
T
o
i
l
l
us
t
ra
t
e
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
o
rt
i
o
n
r
e
duc
t
i
o
n
a
c
hi
e
v
e
d
by
t
h
e
p
r
o
pos
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
F
i
gu
r
e
5
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
v
i
s
u
a
l
c
o
m
pa
ri
s
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
o
ri
gi
na
l
a
n
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rke
d
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
F
i
gu
r
e
s
5(a
)
-
(d)
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
o
r
i
gi
na
l
M
R
I,
ul
t
r
a
s
o
und,
X
-
ra
y
,
a
n
d
CT
s
c
a
n
i
m
a
ge
s
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
F
i
gu
r
e
s
5(
e
)
-
(
h
)
di
s
p
l
a
y
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
A
h
y
br
i
d
D
W
T
-
D
CT
-
SV
D
w
at
e
r
m
ar
k
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
us
i
ng
ar
nol
d
t
r
ans
f
or
m
(
V
an
-
T
hanh
H
u
y
nh
)
1665
c
o
r
r
e
s
po
n
di
ng
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ke
d
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
s
p
r
o
duc
e
d
by
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
.
A
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d,
n
o
n
o
t
i
c
e
a
b
l
e
v
i
s
ua
l
di
f
fe
r
e
n
c
e
s
c
a
n
b
e
de
t
e
c
t
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
e
a
c
h
p
a
i
r
o
f
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
a
n
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rke
d
i
m
a
ge
s
,
de
m
o
n
s
t
ra
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
T
o
pr
o
v
e
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
a
l
s
o
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
f
o
ur
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
,
i
n
c
l
udi
ng
A
n
j
um
e
t
al
.
[1]
,
A
n
a
nd
a
nd
S
i
n
g
h
[
15]
,
T
ha
ku
r
e
t
al
.
[16]
,
a
nd
S
w
a
r
a
j
a
[
20]
.
T
a
b
l
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
ha
t
t
h
e
P
S
N
R
a
n
d
t
h
e
N
CC
v
a
l
ue
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
by
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
u
rpa
s
s
t
h
o
s
e
of
t
h
e
f
o
ur
e
xi
s
t
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
.
F
o
r
a
f
a
i
r
c
o
m
pa
ri
s
o
n
,
t
h
e
o
pt
i
m
a
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
s
c
h
e
m
e
w
e
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
ga
i
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
α
i
s
s
e
t
t
o
0.
4
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
.
It
i
s
o
bv
i
o
us
t
ha
t
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
pos
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
s
upe
r
i
o
r
t
o
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
f
o
ur
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
i
n
t
e
rm
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
S
N
R
a
n
d
t
h
e
N
C
C
v
a
l
ue
s
.
T
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
t
h
e
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
n
e
s
s
o
f
a
ut
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
ng
m
e
di
c
a
l
i
m
a
ge
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
a
nd
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
pa
t
i
e
nt
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
u
n
de
r
v
a
r
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
c
e
na
r
i
o
s
us
i
n
g
M
R
I
i
m
a
ge
s
.
T
a
b
l
e
s
3
a
n
d
4
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
ha
t
t
h
e
N
CC
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
r
e
c
l
o
s
e
t
o
1
.
00
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
a
t
t
a
c
ks
,
i
n
di
c
a
t
i
n
g
s
t
r
o
ng
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
e
xt
ra
c
t
e
d
a
n
d
o
ri
g
i
n
a
l
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk.
A
l
t
h
o
ug
h
t
h
e
N
CC
i
s
a
c
c
e
pt
a
b
l
e
un
de
r
m
o
s
t
of
t
h
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
a
t
t
a
c
ks
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
fe
r
s
a
l
o
w
N
CC
v
a
l
ue
i
n
t
h
e
c
r
o
ppi
n
g
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
a
l
l
N
CC
v
a
l
ue
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
a
b
o
ve
0.
8
3
,
de
m
o
ns
t
ra
t
i
n
g
go
o
d
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
.
T
a
b
l
e
5
p
r
o
v
i
de
s
a
c
o
m
pa
ra
t
i
v
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
p
ro
pos
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
A
n
a
n
d
a
n
d
S
i
n
g
h
[
15]
.
V
a
r
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
ks
w
e
r
e
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
e
xpe
ri
m
e
n
t
.
It
i
s
n
o
t
i
c
e
a
b
l
e
t
ha
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
gr
e
a
t
e
r
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
[15]
.
i
n
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
U
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
D
W
T
,
D
C
T
,
a
n
d
S
V
D
m
e
c
h
a
ni
s
m
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
c
a
r
e
f
ul
l
y
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
t
h
e
s
ui
t
a
b
l
e
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
i
n
e
a
c
h
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
do
m
a
i
n
f
o
r
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
s
t
r
o
n
ge
r
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
b
y
de
t
e
r
m
i
ni
n
g
t
h
e
o
pt
i
m
a
l
g
a
i
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
α
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
d
a
t
a
,
i
t
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
a
hi
g
h
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
nd
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
pos
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
.
(
a
)
(b
)
(
c
)
(d
)
(
e
)
(
f
)
(
g
)
(
h
)
F
i
gu
r
e
5
.
V
i
s
u
a
l
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
o
r
i
gi
na
l
a
nd
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
ke
d
i
m
a
ge
s
:
(a
)
-
(d)
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
i
m
a
ge
s
a
nd
(e
)
-
(h
)
t
h
e
c
o
rr
e
s
po
n
di
n
g
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rke
d
i
m
a
ge
s
T
a
b
l
e
2
.
T
h
e
P
S
N
R
(i
n
dB
)
a
nd
N
CC
o
f
f
i
ve
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
w
i
t
h
o
ut
a
t
t
a
c
ks
o
n
t
h
e
M
R
I
i
m
a
ge
M
e
t
h
o
d
A
n
j
u
m
e
t
a
l
.
[1
]
A
n
a
n
d
a
n
d
S
i
n
g
h
[1
5
]
T
h
a
k
u
r
e
t
a
l
.
[1
6
]
S
w
a
ra
j
a
[2
0
]
P
ro
p
o
s
e
d
P
S
N
R
5
5
.
4
9
4
6
.
9
8
5
4
.
4
9
5
6
.
2
3
6
8
.
3
5
N
CC
0
.
9
8
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
T
a
b
l
e
3
.
R
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
un
de
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
t
t
a
c
ks
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
N
CC
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
N
CC
1
1
S
a
l
t
a
n
d
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
s
e
(
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
=
0
.
0
0
1
)
0
.
9
9
2
2
0
.
9
9
4
1
Im
a
g
e
ro
t
a
t
i
o
n
(1
0
0
)
0
.
8
7
0
1
0
.
9
9
7
1
S
a
l
t
a
n
d
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
s
e
(
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
=
0
.
0
0
5
)
0
.
9
9
5
1
1
.
0
0
0
0
Ce
n
t
e
r
c
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
(5
0
%
)
0
.
8
8
9
6
0
.
9
4
4
0
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
1
0
0
)
0
.
9
9
9
0
1
.
0
0
0
0
Ce
n
t
e
r
c
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
(7
5
%
)
0
.
9
9
0
2
0
.
8
7
1
6
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
n
o
i
s
e
(
v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
0
5
)
0
.
9
9
5
1
1
.
0
0
0
0
A
v
e
ra
g
e
fi
l
t
e
ri
n
g
(3
×
3
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
9
3
9
6
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
n
o
i
s
e
(
v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
1
0
)
0
.
9
9
6
1
1
.
0
0
0
0
A
v
e
ra
g
e
fi
l
t
e
ri
n
g
(5
×
5
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
9
3
9
6
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
n
o
i
s
e
(
v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
2
0
)
0
.
9
9
1
2
1
.
0
0
0
0
Bri
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
a
d
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
(+
5
0
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
0
0
Im
a
g
e
ro
t
a
t
i
o
n
(5
0
)
0
.
9
0
6
3
0
.
9
5
1
3
Co
n
t
ra
s
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
(
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
1
.
2
0
)
0
.
9
4
4
3
1
.
0
0
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
40
,
N
o
.
3
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1
65
9
-
1
668
1666
T
a
b
l
e
4
.
N
CC
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
xt
r
a
c
t
e
d
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
i
d
a
t
t
a
c
ks
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
N
CC
1
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
g
(3
×
3
,
0
.
0
1
)
+
M
e
d
i
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
ri
n
g
(3
×
3
)
0
.
9
7
3
6
1
.
0
0
0
0
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
g
(3
×
3
,
0
.
0
1
)
+
A
v
e
ra
g
e
f
i
l
t
e
ri
n
g
(3
×
3
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
9
3
6
8
S
a
l
t
a
n
d
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
s
e
(
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
=
0
.
0
1
)
+
A
v
e
ra
g
e
fi
l
t
e
ri
n
g
(3
×
3
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
9
3
7
7
S
c
a
l
i
n
g
(
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
0
.
5
+
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
5
0
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
8
2
7
5
T
a
b
l
e
5
.
R
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
ur
s
c
h
e
m
e
A
n
a
nd
a
n
d
S
i
ng
h
’s
s
c
h
e
m
e
[15
]
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
A
n
a
n
d
a
n
d
S
i
n
g
h
[1
5
]
P
ro
p
o
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
S
a
l
t
a
n
d
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
s
e
(
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
=
0
.
0
0
0
1
)
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
9
9
2
2
S
a
l
t
a
n
d
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
s
e
(
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
=
0
.
0
0
0
5
)
0
.
9
4
9
1
0
.
9
9
3
2
S
a
l
t
a
n
d
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
s
e
(
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
=
0
.
0
0
1
)
0
.
8
8
3
1
0
.
9
7
0
7
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
n
o
i
s
e
(
v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
0
0
0
1
)
0
.
9
7
3
2
0
.
9
4
7
3
G
a
u
s
s
i
a
n
n
o
i
s
e
(
v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
0
0
0
5
)
0
.
8
4
5
9
0
.
9
7
7
5
Im
a
g
e
ro
t
a
t
i
o
n
(1
0
)
0
.
5
5
8
7
0
.
8
7
0
1
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
1
0
)
0
.
4
0
5
1
0
.
9
8
8
3
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
5
0
)
0
.
8
5
0
3
0
.
9
3
8
5
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
=
9
0
)
0
.
9
9
9
9
0
.
9
6
2
9
S
p
e
c
k
l
e
n
o
i
s
e
(v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
0
0
1
)
0
.
9
8
2
3
0
.
9
9
5
1
S
p
e
c
k
l
e
n
o
i
s
e
(v
a
ri
a
n
c
e
=
0
.
0
0
5
)
0
.
8
7
9
7
0
.
9
9
8
0
Cro
p
p
i
n
g
[2
0
2
0
4
0
0
4
8
0
]
0
.
5
1
5
9
0
.
7
9
1
9
M
e
d
i
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
ri
n
g
[1
1
]
1
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
9
9
3
2
H
i
s
t
o
g
ra
m
e
q
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
0
.
9
8
7
3
0
.
9
4
4
3
In
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
do
m
a
i
n
,
t
h
e
l
o
w
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
s
ub
-
b
a
n
d
LL
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
g
l
o
b
a
l
i
m
a
ge
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n,
e
n
a
b
l
i
ng
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
r
e
c
ov
e
r
y
e
v
e
n
a
f
t
e
r
c
r
o
ppi
n
g
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
m
o
di
fy
i
n
g
LL
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y
di
s
t
o
rt
s
t
h
e
m
a
r
ke
d
i
m
a
ge
.
I
n
c
o
n
t
ra
s
t
,
m
i
dd
l
e
a
nd
hi
g
h
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
s
u
b
-
b
a
n
ds
H
L
,
LH
,
a
n
d
HH
c
a
pt
u
r
e
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
e
d
de
t
a
i
l
s
l
i
ke
e
dge
s
a
n
d
t
e
xt
u
r
e
s
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
m
o
r
e
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
r
e
gi
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
ng
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
c
r
o
ppi
ng.
T
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
us
e
s
m
i
ddl
e
a
n
d
hi
g
h
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
HL
1
,
L
H
1
,
a
n
d
HH
1
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
l
e
v
e
l
D
W
T
.
F
o
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
(
1
),
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
D
W
T
i
s
a
p
pl
i
e
d
t
o
HL
1
a
nd
LH
1
t
o
s
e
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
-
l
e
v
e
l
hi
g
h
f
r
e
q
ue
n
c
y
s
ub
-
b
a
nd
HH
2
H
L
1
a
nd
HH
2
L
H
1
,
re
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
S
i
m
i
l
a
rl
y
,
D
W
T
i
s
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
HH
1
t
o
i
de
nt
i
f
y
s
e
c
o
nd
-
l
e
v
e
l
m
i
d
dl
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
ub
-
b
a
nds
HL
2
H
H
1
a
nd
LH
2HH1
f
o
r
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
ng
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
nd
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
(
E
P
R
)
.
Cr
o
ppi
ng
a
t
t
a
c
ks
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
r
e
m
o
v
e
pa
r
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
ge
,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
n
g
hi
g
h
-
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
de
t
a
i
l
s
i
n
t
h
e
a
f
fe
c
t
e
d
r
e
gi
o
n
s
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
s
h
i
dde
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
r
e
gi
o
n
s
,
t
h
e
c
o
rr
e
s
po
n
d
i
n
g
po
rt
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
w
i
l
l
b
e
pe
r
m
a
n
e
nt
l
y
l
o
s
t
,
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
t
o
i
n
c
o
m
pl
e
t
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
r
e
c
ove
r
y
.
Cr
o
ppi
n
g
i
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
gi
ng
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
f
o
r
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
n
o
e
xc
e
pt
i
o
n
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
by
us
i
n
g
o
pt
i
m
a
l
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
i
n
m
i
ddl
e
a
nd
hi
g
h
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
s
ub
-
b
a
n
ds
,
t
h
e
pr
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
s
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
.
A
l
t
h
o
ug
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
l
e
s
s
r
o
b
us
t
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
c
r
o
ppi
n
g
a
t
t
a
c
ks
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
t
y
pe
s
of
a
t
t
a
c
ks
,
i
t
o
ut
pe
r
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
us
m
e
t
h
o
d
[
15]
,
a
c
h
i
e
v
i
ng
a
n
N
CC
o
f
0.
7919
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
0
.
515
9
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
5
.
A
ddi
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
s
upe
ri
o
r
i
m
a
ge
qu
a
l
i
t
y
a
s
i
l
l
us
t
ra
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
,
a
c
hi
e
v
i
ng
6
8
.
3
5
dB
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
55
.
4
9
dB
,
4
6
.
9
8
dB
,
54
.
49
d
B
,
a
nd
5
6
.
2
3
dB
a
c
hi
e
v
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
ds
of
[1]
,
[1
5]
,
[1
6]
,
[2
0
]
,
re
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
o
e
nha
nc
e
r
o
b
us
t
ne
s
s
a
g
a
i
ns
t
c
r
o
pp
i
ng
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
,
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
i
ng
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
m
a
y
n
e
e
d
t
o
s
a
c
ri
f
i
c
e
i
m
a
ge
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
b
y
e
m
b
e
dd
i
ng
i
n
LL
o
r
us
i
ng
re
d
u
nd
a
nt
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
ng
a
c
r
o
s
s
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
s
ub
-
b
a
nd
s
.
5.
C
O
N
C
LU
S
I
O
N
In
t
hi
s
p
a
pe
r,
a
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
D
W
T
-
D
CT
-
S
V
D
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
fo
r
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
t
w
o
di
s
t
i
n
c
t
w
a
t
e
rm
a
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
s
a
l
o
go
i
m
a
ge
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
t
h
e
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
E
P
R
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
o
e
nha
n
c
e
rob
us
t
n
e
s
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
s
o
pt
i
m
a
l
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
D
W
T
,
D
CT
,
a
n
d
S
V
D
do
m
a
i
n
s
f
o
r
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
rm
o
r
e
,
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
A
rn
o
l
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
a
ppl
i
e
d
t
o
e
n
c
o
de
t
h
e
E
P
R
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
b
e
f
o
r
e
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
.
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
i
m
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
D
CT
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
d
-
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
e
gi
o
n
a
r
e
c
a
r
e
f
ul
l
y
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d,
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
pt
i
m
a
l
ga
i
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
i
s
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
d
u
r
i
ng
t
h
e
e
m
b
e
ddi
n
g
p
ha
s
e
.
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
t
ha
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
h
i
g
h
-
qua
l
i
t
y
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ke
d
i
m
a
ge
s
a
nd
s
t
r
o
n
g
r
o
b
us
t
n
e
s
s
a
ga
i
n
s
t
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
m
a
l
i
c
i
o
us
a
t
t
a
c
ks
.
I
n
f
ut
u
r
e
w
o
r
k,
w
e
a
i
m
t
o
e
xt
e
n
d
t
h
e
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
c
o
l
o
r
i
m
a
ge
s
a
n
d
e
xpl
o
r
e
t
h
e
i
nt
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
dv
a
n
c
e
d
a
l
go
ri
t
hm
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
de
e
p
l
e
a
rn
i
ng,
t
o
f
urt
h
e
r
e
nha
n
c
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rki
n
g
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
A
h
y
br
i
d
D
W
T
-
D
CT
-
SV
D
w
at
e
r
m
ar
k
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
us
i
ng
ar
nol
d
t
r
ans
f
or
m
(
V
an
-
T
hanh
H
u
y
nh
)
1667
F
U
N
D
I
N
G
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
TI
O
N
A
ut
h
o
r
s
s
t
a
t
e
n
o
f
un
d
i
n
g
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d.
A
U
TH
O
R
C
O
N
TR
I
B
U
TI
O
N
S
S
TA
T
EM
EN
T
T
h
i
s
j
o
urna
l
us
e
s
t
h
e
Co
n
t
ri
b
ut
o
r
R
o
l
e
s
T
a
xo
n
o
m
y
(CR
e
di
T
)
t
o
r
e
c
o
gn
i
z
e
i
n
d
i
v
i
dua
l
a
ut
h
o
r
c
o
n
t
ri
b
ut
i
o
n
s
,
r
e
duc
e
a
ut
h
o
r
s
hi
p
di
s
pu
t
e
s
,
a
n
d
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
c
o
l
l
a
bo
r
a
t
i
o
n.
N
am
e
o
f
A
u
th
o
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
V
a
n
-
T
ha
nh
H
u
y
n
h
T
h
a
i
-
S
o
n
N
guy
e
n
T
h
a
nh
-
C
V
o
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
m
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
s
o
u
rc
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
Cu
ra
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
ri
t
i
n
g
-
O
ri
g
i
n
a
l
D
ra
ft
E
:
W
ri
t
i
n
g
-
Re
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
s
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
ro
j
e
c
t
a
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
ra
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
C
O
N
F
LI
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
ER
ES
T
S
TA
T
EM
EN
T
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
s
t
a
t
e
n
o
c
o
n
f
l
i
c
t
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
.
D
A
TA
A
V
A
I
LA
B
I
LI
T
Y
D
a
t
a
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
do
e
s
n
o
t
a
p
pl
y
t
o
t
hi
s
p
a
pe
r
a
s
n
o
n
e
w
da
t
a
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
o
r
a
na
l
y
z
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
u
dy
.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[1
]
R.
A
n
j
u
m
,
P
.
V
e
r
m
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
V
e
r
m
a
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
fo
r
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
t
o
ra
g
e
a
n
d
t
ra
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
”
i
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
D
a
t
a
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
p
p
.
9
2
–
102
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
981
-
13
-
9942
-
8_9.
[2
]
A
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
B.
K
u
m
a
r,
G
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
o
h
a
n
,
E
d
s
.
,
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
Im
a
g
e
W
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
n
g
.
Ch
a
m
:
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
In
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
,
2017
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
3
-
319
-
57699
-
2.
[3
]
B.
H
a
s
s
a
n
,
R.
A
h
m
e
d
,
B.
L
i
,
a
n
d
O
.
H
a
s
s
a
n
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
b
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
i
n
g
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
fo
r
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
e
d
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
i
s
o
f
r
e
t
i
n
a
l
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
i
n
a
n
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
”
IE
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
6
9
7
5
8
–
6
9
7
7
5
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
CCE
S
S
.
2
0
1
9
.
2
9
1
9
3
8
1
.
[4
]
K
.
A
n
n
a
d
u
ra
i
a
n
d
S
.
Ra
n
i
,
“
T
w
o
l
e
v
e
l
s
e
c
u
ri
t
y
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
/
e
n
c
ry
p
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
ri
t
h
m
s
,
”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Im
a
g
i
n
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
i
m
a
.
2
2
0
8
6
.
[5
]
F
.
Y
.
S
h
i
h
a
n
d
X
.
Z
h
o
n
g
,
“
H
i
g
h
-
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
fo
r
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
”
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
7
–
3
6
8
,
p
p
.
6
4
8
–
6
5
9
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
n
s
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
7
.
0
1
5
.
[6
]
D
.
A
w
a
s
t
h
i
,
A
.
T
i
w
a
ri
,
P
.
K
h
a
re
,
a
n
d
V
.
K
.
S
ri
v
a
s
t
a
v
a
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
fo
r
c
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
E
x
p
e
r
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
2
,
p
.
1
2
2
8
3
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
s
w
a
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
2
2
8
3
0
.
[7
]
A
.
Ba
m
a
t
ra
f
,
R
.
I
b
ra
h
i
m
,
a
n
d
M
o
h
d
.
N
.
B
.
M
.
S
a
l
l
e
h
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
w
a
t
e
rm
a
rk
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
ri
t
h
m
u
s
i
n
g
L
S
B,
”
i
n
2
0
1
0
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
–
159
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
ICCA
IE
.
2
0
1
0
.
5
7
3
5
0
6
6
.
[8
]
S
.
D
.
M
u
y
c
o
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
H
e
r
n
a
n
d
e
z
,
“
L
e
a
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
b
i
t
h
a
s
h
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
fo
r
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
1
9
5
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
In
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
i
n
IC
C
A
I
’1
9
.
N
e
w
Y
o
rk
,
N
Y
,
U
S
A
:
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
fo
r
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
r
y
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
–
154
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/
3
3
3
0
4
8
2
.
3
3
3
0
5
2
3
.
[9
]
A
.
B
o
o
n
y
a
p
a
l
a
n
a
n
t
,
M
.
K
e
t
c
h
a
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
i
y
a
n
e
e
ra
n
a
rt
,
“
H
i
d
i
n
g
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
i
n
j
u
ry
i
n
fo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
w
i
t
h
Q
R
c
o
d
e
,
”
i
n
R
e
c
e
n
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
2
0
1
9
,
P
.
Bo
o
n
y
o
p
a
k
o
r
n
,
P
.
M
e
e
s
a
d
,
S
.
S
o
d
s
e
e
,
a
n
d
H
.
U
n
g
e
r
,
E
d
s
.
,
i
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
.
Ch
a
m
:
S
p
r
i
n
g
e
r
In
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
,
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
–
2
6
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
3
-
030
-
19861
-
9_25.
[1
0
]
H
.
E
.
R
o
s
t
a
m
,
H
.
M
o
t
a
m
e
n
i
,
a
n
d
R.
E
n
a
y
a
t
i
f
a
r
,
“
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
-
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
s
m
a
rt
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
s
t
e
g
a
n
o
g
ra
p
h
y
a
n
d
c
h
a
o
t
i
c
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
D
N
A
,
”
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
e
3
6
3
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
s
p
y
2
.
3
6
3
.
[1
1
]
Q
.
D
a
i
,
J
.
L
i
,
U
.
A
.
B
h
a
t
t
i
,
Y
.
-
W
.
C
h
e
n
,
a
n
d
J
.
L
i
u
,
“
S
W
T
-
D
CT
-
b
a
s
e
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
,
”
i
n
In
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
a
n
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
a
n
d
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
,
Y
.
-
W
.
C
h
e
n
,
A
.
Z
i
m
m
e
r
m
a
n
n
,
R.
J
.
H
o
w
l
e
t
t
,
a
n
d
L
.
C.
J
a
i
n
,
E
d
s
.
,
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
e
:
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
9
3
–
103
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
981
-
13
-
8566
-
7_9.
[1
2
]
S
.
K
u
m
a
r,
A
.
Ra
j
p
a
l
,
N
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
S
.
Ra
j
p
a
l
,
A
.
N
a
y
y
a
r,
a
n
d
N
.
K
u
m
a
r,
“
RO
S
E
m
a
rk
:
R
o
b
u
s
t
s
e
m
i
-
b
l
i
n
d
E
CG
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
u
s
i
n
g
S
W
T
-
D
CT
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
,
”
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
9
,
p
.
1
0
3
6
4
8
,
S
e
p
t
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
d
s
p
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
3
6
4
8
.
[1
3
]
F
.
N
.
T
h
a
k
k
a
r
a
n
d
V
.
K
.
S
ri
v
a
s
t
a
v
a
,
“
A
b
l
i
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
:
D
W
T
-
S
V
D
b
a
s
e
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
t
e
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
T
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
6
6
9
–
3
6
9
7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
016
-
3928
-
7.
[
14]
T
.
K
.
A
ra
g
h
i
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
M
a
n
a
f
,
“
A
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
h
y
b
ri
d
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
s
e
c
u
ri
t
y
o
f
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
D
W
T
a
n
d
2
-
D
S
V
D
,
”
F
u
t
u
r
e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
3
–
1
2
4
6
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
f
u
t
u
r
e
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
7
.
064.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
40
,
N
o
.
3
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
20
25
:
1
65
9
-
1
668
1668
[1
5
]
A
.
A
n
a
n
d
a
n
d
A
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
D
W
T
-
S
V
D
d
o
m
a
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
fo
r
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
u
ri
t
y
,
”
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
2
,
p
p
.
7
2
–
8
0
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
m
c
o
m
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
1
.
0
3
8
.
[1
6
]
S
.
T
h
a
k
u
r,
A
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
S
.
P
.
G
h
r
e
ra
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
o
h
a
n
,
“
Ch
a
o
t
i
c
b
a
s
e
d
s
e
c
u
re
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
T
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
9
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
4
2
6
3
–
4
2
7
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
018
-
6691
-
0.
[1
7
]
S
.
A
.
H
o
s
s
e
i
n
i
a
n
d
P
.
F
a
ra
h
m
a
n
d
,
“
A
n
a
t
t
a
c
k
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
t
h
y
b
ri
d
b
l
i
n
d
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
W
T
,
D
CT
a
n
d
P
C
A
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
T
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
8
8
2
9
–
1
8
8
5
2
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
023
-
1
6
2
0
2
-
2.
[1
8
]
A
.
T
i
w
a
ri
,
D
.
A
w
a
s
t
h
i
,
a
n
d
V
.
K
.
S
r
i
v
a
s
t
a
v
a
,
“
I
m
a
g
e
s
e
c
u
ri
t
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
s
b
y
R
D
W
T
-
D
CT
-
S
c
h
u
r
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
t
s
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
BRI
S
K
fe
a
t
u
re
s
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
T
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
3
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
8
8
3
–
6
1
9
1
2
,
J
u
l
y
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
023
-
15878
-
w.
[1
9
]
D
.
S
.
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
,
A
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
B.
K
u
m
a
r
,
a
n
d
J
.
P
.
S
a
i
n
i
,
“
Q
u
a
n
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
n
fo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
f
o
r
s
e
c
u
re
e
-
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
.
T
o
o
l
s
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
1
1
–
3
9
2
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
017
-
4886
-
4.
[2
0
]
K
.
S
w
a
ra
j
a
,
“
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
f
o
r
s
e
c
u
re
d
t
e
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
T
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
7
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
2
4
9
–
2
8
2
8
0
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
018
-
6020
-
7.
[2
1
]
G
.
A
z
i
z
o
g
l
u
a
n
d
A
.
N
.
T
o
p
ra
k
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
re
v
e
r
s
i
b
l
e
f
ra
g
i
l
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
D
W
T
d
o
m
a
i
n
fo
r
t
a
m
p
e
r
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
i
m
a
g
e
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
B
i
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
8
4
,
p
.
1
0
5
0
1
5
,
J
u
l
y
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
b
s
p
c
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
5
0
1
5
.
[2
2
]
S
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
J
.
J
.
Z
o
u
,
G
.
F
a
n
g
,
P
.
S
h
u
k
l
a
,
a
n
d
W
.
Ca
i
,
“
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
f
o
r
i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
p
ro
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
v
e
ri
fi
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
T
o
o
l
s
A
p
p
l
,
S
e
p
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
0
4
2
-
023
-
16843
-
3.
[2
3
]
S
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
S
.
S
h
i
v
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
N
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
“
A
n
e
ffi
c
i
e
n
t
f
ra
g
i
l
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
fo
r
t
a
m
p
e
r
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
”
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
9
,
p
.
1
0
8
7
8
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
m
p
e
l
e
c
e
n
g
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
8
7
8
3
.
[2
4
]
P
.
A
b
e
rn
a
a
n
d
L
.
A
g
i
l
a
n
d
e
e
s
w
a
ri
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
a
l
s
e
m
i
-
fra
g
i
l
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
rk
i
n
g
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
n
t
r
o
p
y
ra
n
d
o
m
w
a
l
k
a
n
d
s
w
i
n
t
ra
n
s
fo
r
m
e
r
fo
r
t
a
m
p
e
r
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
IE
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
7
7
5
7
–
3
7
7
8
1
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
CCE
S
S
.
2
0
2
4
.
3
3
7
0
4
1
1
.
[2
5
]
V
.
I.
A
rn
o
l
ʹ
d
a
n
d
A
.
A
v
e
z
,
E
r
g
o
d
i
c
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
o
f
Cl
a
s
s
i
c
a
l
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
s
.
A
d
d
i
s
o
n
-
W
e
s
l
e
y
,
1
9
8
9
.
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
ES
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
V
an
-
T
h
an
h
H
u
y
n
h
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
b
a
c
he
l
o
r
’
s
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
f
r
om
C
a
n
T
ho
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
C
a
n
T
ho
C
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
na
m
,
i
n
200
5.
F
r
o
m
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
200
5,
h
e
ha
s
be
e
n
a
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
r
a
t
T
r
a
V
i
nh
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
T
r
a
V
i
nh
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
.
I
n
2017
,
h
e
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
M
.
S
.
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
f
r
o
m
t
he
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
nc
e
a
nd
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
H
o
C
hi
M
i
n
h
C
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
.
H
e
i
s
c
ur
r
e
n
t
l
y
w
o
r
ki
ng
t
o
w
a
r
d
a
P
h.
D
.
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
a
t
T
r
a
V
i
nh
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
.
H
i
s
c
ur
r
e
n
t
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
s
i
nc
l
ude
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
i
ng
,
s
t
e
g
a
no
g
r
a
phy
,
i
m
a
g
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
,
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
a
nd
c
o
m
put
e
r
ne
t
w
o
r
ki
ng
.
H
e
c
a
n
be
c
o
nt
a
c
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l
:
hv
t
ha
nh
@t
v
u.
e
du
.
v
n
.
T
h
ai
-
S
o
n
N
gu
y
e
n
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
he
M
.
S
.
a
nd
P
h.
D
.
d
e
g
r
e
e
s
f
r
o
m
F
e
ng
C
hi
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
T
a
i
c
hung
,
T
a
i
w
a
n,
i
n
2
011
a
nd
20
15
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
a
l
l
i
n
c
o
m
put
e
r
s
c
i
e
nc
e
.
H
e
ha
s
s
e
r
v
e
d
a
s
a
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
r
a
t
T
r
a
V
i
nh
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
,
s
i
nc
e
2006
.
F
r
o
m
20
19
,
he
w
a
s
D
e
a
n
o
f
t
h
e
S
c
ho
o
l
o
f
E
ng
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
,
T
r
a
V
i
nh
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
.
H
e
i
s
c
ur
r
e
n
t
l
y
a
n
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
o
r
.
H
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
s
i
nc
l
ude
i
m
a
g
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
,
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
h
i
d
i
ng
,
i
m
a
g
e
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
o
n
,
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
I
o
T
,
a
nd
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
nc
e
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
.
D
r
.
S
o
n
h
a
s
s
e
r
v
e
d
a
s
a
m
e
m
be
r
o
f
t
he
E
di
t
o
r
i
a
l
B
o
a
r
d
f
o
r
t
he
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
J
o
ur
na
l
o
f
T
r
a
V
i
nh
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
a
nd
t
he
J
o
ur
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
i
e
nc
e
,
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
.
H
e
c
a
n
be
c
o
nt
a
c
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l
:
t
ha
i
s
o
n
@t
v
u.
e
du
.
v
n
.
T
h
an
h
-
C
V
o
w
a
s
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
he
ba
c
he
l
o
r
’
s
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
f
r
om
t
he
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
nc
e
,
H
o
C
hi
M
i
nh
C
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
,
i
n
20
03
a
nd
t
h
e
M
.
S
.
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
f
r
o
m
C
a
n
T
ho
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
C
a
n
T
ho
C
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
na
m
,
i
n
2016
.
H
e
i
s
c
ur
r
e
n
t
l
y
a
P
hD
s
t
u
de
n
t
.
H
e
ha
s
w
o
r
ke
d
a
s
a
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
r
i
n
t
he
S
c
ho
o
l
o
f
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
,
T
r
a
V
i
nh
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
s
i
nc
e
20
08.
H
i
s
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
i
nc
l
ude
da
t
a
h
i
di
ng
,
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
a
nd
i
m
a
g
e
a
nd
s
i
g
na
l
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
nt
a
c
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l
:
v
o
t
ha
nh
c
@t
v
u.
e
du
.
v
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.