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n
d
f
a
c
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li
t
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t
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g
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-
a
s
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e
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t
,
pr
o
m
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o
-
a
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s
m
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n
t
,
a
l
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w
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ng
e
duc
a
t
or
s
to
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e
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r
e
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t
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o
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t
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s
i
n
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
s
[
3]
.
A
I
h
e
l
p
s
e
nh
a
n
c
e
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
t
h
r
o
ugh
pe
r
s
o
n
a
l
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z
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d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
n
d
im
pr
o
v
e
s
s
t
ude
n
t
s
k
i
ll
s
,
b
ut
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
a
r
i
s
e
a
b
o
ut
e
t
hi
c
a
l
im
pa
c
t
s
[
4]
.
A
I
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
e
nh
a
nc
e
s
pr
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
t
e
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c
hi
ng
by
pr
o
vi
d
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ng
pe
r
s
o
n
a
li
z
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d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
x
pe
r
i
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n
c
e
s
,
b
ut
r
a
i
s
e
s
c
o
nc
e
r
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
r
e
duc
e
d
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
hi
nk
i
ng,
c
r
e
a
t
i
vi
t
y
,
a
n
d
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
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n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
ns
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
ude
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t
s
,
n
e
c
e
s
s
i
t
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t
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c
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r
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l
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t
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o
n
to
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l
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t
s
a
n
d
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
d
r
a
wb
a
c
k
s
[
5]
.
A
I
e
nh
a
n
c
e
s
pr
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
t
e
a
c
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ng
by
im
pr
o
vi
ng
c
o
gni
t
i
v
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l
e
ve
l
s
,
pr
o
m
o
t
i
n
g
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
c
a
pa
bil
i
t
i
e
s
,
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
ng
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
s
u
ppo
r
t
i
n
g
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
a
pp
li
c
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t
i
o
n
de
v
e
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o
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m
e
n
t
,
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m
o
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t
r
a
t
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n
g
A
I
’
s
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
r
o
l
e
i
n
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
[
6]
.
A
I
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
e
nh
a
nc
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s
pr
a
c
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i
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pe
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d
pr
a
c
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,
us
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n
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l
go
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i
t
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f
o
r
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s
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s
m
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t
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d
c
us
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o
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t
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o
n
.
T
hi
s
a
pp
r
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m
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e
n
g
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ne
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r
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pr
a
c
t
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p
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bil
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nn
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d
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to
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v
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s
s
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n
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duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
ut
c
om
e
s
[
7]
.
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
l
a
n
gua
g
e
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
too
l
s
l
i
ke
C
h
a
t
GPT
a
n
d
Gr
a
m
m
a
r
ly
h
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p
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m
pr
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v
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ga
ge
m
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n
t
a
n
d
s
k
il
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de
v
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o
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a
k
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ng
t
h
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a
r
ni
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pr
o
c
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s
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m
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f
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d
to
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n
d
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v
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dua
l
s
t
ude
n
t
n
e
e
d
s
[
8]
.
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
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ll
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g
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n
c
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s
uni
ve
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s
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t
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
h
r
o
ugh
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n
t
e
l
li
ge
n
t
r
e
s
o
ur
c
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m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
,
pe
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
a
n
d
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
too
l
s
.
I
t
s
t
r
e
n
gt
h
e
n
s
c
o
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t
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t
a
n
d
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m
pr
o
v
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n
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o
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z
e
s
e
du
c
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t
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o
n
a
l
pr
o
c
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e
s
[
9]
.
I
t
a
l
s
o
e
nh
a
n
c
e
s
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
by
pr
o
m
o
t
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n
g
c
r
e
a
t
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vi
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y
,
f
a
c
il
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t
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t
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n
g
s
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l
f
-
a
s
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s
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
e
n
c
o
ur
a
gi
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g
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
l
l
o
w
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ng
s
t
ude
n
t
s
to
a
ppr
o
p
r
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a
t
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vi
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pr
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t
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o
m
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w
hil
e
h
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l
p
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c
r
e
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t
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l
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ni
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x
pe
r
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c
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a
n
d
i
m
pr
o
v
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l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
k
il
l
s
[
10]
.
T
hi
s
e
n
a
bl
e
s
i
n
s
t
r
uc
to
r
s
to
pr
o
v
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d
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c
o
n
s
u
l
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
e
n
ga
ge
w
i
t
h
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
i
n
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
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l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
[
11]
.
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
i
ge
n
ce
c
a
n
b
e
us
e
d
to
t
a
i
l
o
r
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
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a
n
d
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x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
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s
to
m
e
e
t
t
h
e
i
nd
i
v
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dua
l
n
e
e
d
s
a
n
d
u
ni
qu
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
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r
i
s
t
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c
s
o
f
e
a
c
h
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
.
I
t
h
a
s
m
a
de
gr
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a
t
pr
o
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n
d
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c
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v
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m
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t
s
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n
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h
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a
c
hi
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
uni
ve
r
s
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t
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e
s
,
b
ut
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
l
s
o
s
o
m
e
s
h
o
r
t
c
o
m
i
ng
s
[
12]
.
A
c
t
i
o
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
s
a
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
wh
e
r
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
l
e
a
r
n
f
r
o
m
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
a
r
i
s
i
ng
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
r
o
wn
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
o
r
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
.
A
c
t
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o
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
a
bl
e
s
l
e
a
r
n
e
r
s
t
o
de
v
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l
o
p
t
h
e
i
r
kn
o
w
l
e
dge
a
n
d
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
w
hi
le
pr
o
vi
d
i
n
g
o
ppor
t
uni
t
i
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
ll
y
by
t
h
e
m
s
e
l
ve
s
.
M
c
G
il
l
a
n
d
B
r
o
c
kb
a
nk
[
10]
a
n
d
M
c
G
i
ll
a
n
d
B
e
a
t
y
[
11]
de
f
i
ne
d
a
c
t
i
o
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
whi
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
z
e
d
a
s
a
l
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a
r
ni
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
n
d
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
uppo
r
t
e
d
by
gr
o
up
dy
n
a
mi
c
s
,
i
nv
o
l
vi
n
g
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
p
b
e
t
we
e
n
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
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o
n
a
n
d
a
c
t
i
o
n
,
ut
i
li
z
i
ng
b
o
t
h
pr
e
vi
o
us
a
nd
n
e
w
e
x
p
e
r
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e
nc
e
s
t
o
f
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nd
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
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w
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
B
o
o
n
r
ua
n
gr
a
t
[
13]
a
n
d
T
um
t
h
o
n
g
a
n
d
S
o
n
gs
a
n
g
y
o
s
[
14]
a
c
t
i
o
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
s
a
pr
o
c
e
s
s
wh
e
r
e
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nd
i
v
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dua
l
s
wo
r
k
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n
d
l
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a
r
n
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im
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
us
l
y
.
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t
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s
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l
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ni
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ppr
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c
h
t
h
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n
c
o
ur
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ge
s
l
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r
n
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r
s
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o
m
bi
ne
t
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r
pr
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o
us
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r
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c
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s
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h
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w
ly
c
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kn
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h
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t
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ni
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C
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s
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d
T
he
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f
P
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a
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a
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[
9]
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8]
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x
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C
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al.
[
15]
f
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[
6]
,
[
16]
.
Us
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[
17]
,
t
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1
6]
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[
17
]
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[
18]
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ly
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r
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k
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hi
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il
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nc
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f
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c
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n
c
y
[
20
]
.
S
c
hl
e
i
s
s
e
t
al.
[
21
]
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
c
om
b
i
n
i
ng
OE
R
s
a
n
d
P
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g
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ng.
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h
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t
udy
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bi
ne
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pe
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ur
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t
.
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ur
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nv
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o
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GA
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tool
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in
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ngs
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r
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t
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GA
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too
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l
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d
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ude
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e
i
r
o
wn
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r
e
a
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vi
t
y
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o
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t
[
22
]
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
h
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o
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y
,
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ud
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o
f
L
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u
a
n
d
Q
i
a
o
[
23
]
e
x
pl
o
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s
a
n
AI
-
dr
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v
e
n
i
ns
t
r
uc
t
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m
o
de
l
f
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r
hi
g
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h
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l
E
n
g
li
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r
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d
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ng
f
r
o
m
f
i
ve
d
im
e
n
s
i
o
ns
:
t
h
e
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r
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t
i
c
a
l
f
o
un
da
t
i
o
n
,
im
p
l
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m
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n
t
a
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d
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bj
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t
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ve
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pr
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s
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m
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t
,
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e
ks
to
s
uppo
r
t
s
t
ude
n
ts
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in
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pt
h
t
hi
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k
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d
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p
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.
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o
m
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r
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r
t
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f
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c
ial
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te
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gy
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th
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m
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I
to
s
up
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or
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te
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l
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g,
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a
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c
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l
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y
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de
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s
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d
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g,
a
p
p
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a
t
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o
n
,
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d
qu
a
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e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
ou
tc
o
m
e
s
.
F
a
c
tor
s
a
f
f
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t
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f
a
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t
y
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di
n
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n
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l
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d
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te
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n
g
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x
p
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r
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e
n
c
e
,
di
gi
tal
s
ki
l
l
s
,
a
t
ti
tu
d
e
s
t
ow
a
r
d
te
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h
n
o
l
ogy
,
a
n
d
s
e
l
f
-
d
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opm
e
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t
m
oti
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a
t
i
on
.
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d
di
t
i
o
n
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l
l
y
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e
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e
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m
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or
ta
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g
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n
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z
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ti
on
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tor
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n
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l
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di
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p
ol
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n
d
v
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o
n
.
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h
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s
d
e
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on
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tr
a
te
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th
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e
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t
y
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or
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pl
a
tf
or
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t
o
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o
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or
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or
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te
d
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n
s
tr
u
c
ti
on
.
2.
R
E
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
F
i
gur
e
1,
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
pt
ua
l
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
de
v
e
l
o
p
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n
g
f
a
c
u
l
t
y
A
I
c
o
m
pe
t
e
n
c
y
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n
pr
a
c
t
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c
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-
o
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n
t
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d
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
8
m
o
du
l
e
s
:
m
o
du
l
e
1:
A
I
f
u
n
da
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
-
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
un
da
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
de
v
e
l
o
p
i
ng
A
I
us
a
ge
s
k
i
ll
s
.
M
o
du
l
e
2:
A
I
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
a
n
d
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
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s
k
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ll
de
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
ugh
s
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m
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l
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t
e
d
A
I
us
e
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
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d
l
e
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r
ni
ng,
pr
o
vi
d
i
ng
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
A
I
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
.
T
hi
s
m
o
du
l
e
r
e
qu
i
r
e
s
s
k
i
ll
s
f
r
o
m
m
o
du
l
e
1
a
n
d
s
uppo
r
t
s
m
o
du
l
e
3
i
n
A
I
c
o
m
pe
t
e
nc
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.
M
o
dul
e
3:
A
I
c
o
m
pe
t
e
n
c
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
-
ev
a
l
ua
t
e
s
f
a
c
u
l
t
y
pr
o
gr
e
s
s
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n
d
A
I
c
o
m
p
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n
c
y
l
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ve
l
s
f
o
r
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f
f
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t
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v
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k
il
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de
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
us
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n
g
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
f
r
o
m
m
o
du
l
e
s
1
a
n
d
2
t
o
p
r
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vi
de
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
m
o
du
l
e
6.
M
o
dul
e
4:
k
n
o
w
l
e
dge
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
s
uppo
r
t
-
pr
o
m
ot
e
s
e
x
c
h
a
n
ge
o
f
A
I
us
a
ge
c
o
n
c
e
pt
s
a
n
d
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xpe
r
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n
c
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s
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m
o
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g
f
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c
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l
t
y
t
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ha
n
c
e
c
o
l
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c
t
i
v
e
kno
wl
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dg
e
a
n
d
A
I
de
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
.
P
r
o
vi
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s
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s
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r
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up
po
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t
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d
kn
o
wl
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ge
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m
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f
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l
t
y
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l
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t
e
d
to
m
o
du
l
e
s
1
a
n
d
7.
M
o
du
l
e
5:
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
s
k
il
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
s
uppo
r
t
-
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
o
n
go
i
n
g
t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
c
o
ns
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l
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
uppo
r
t
to
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nh
a
n
c
e
A
I
s
k
i
ll
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
i
n
m
o
dul
e
s
1
-
3.
M
o
dul
e
6
:
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
c
us
to
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
s
k
i
ll
l
e
v
e
l
-
a
da
pt
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
i
n
d
i
vi
d
ua
l
f
a
c
u
l
t
y
’
s
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
ne
e
ds
,
us
i
n
g
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
m
odul
e
3
to
a
dj
us
t
m
o
d
u
l
e
1
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
to
m
a
tch
f
a
c
ul
t
y
s
k
i
l
l
l
e
v
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l
s
.
M
od
u
l
e
7:
a
p
p
r
op
r
i
a
te
A
I
c
on
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
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m
e
n
t
a
t
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o
n
-
p
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v
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pa
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d
to
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l
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gn
e
d
wi
t
h
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c
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g,
s
up
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or
t
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g
p
r
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c
t
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c
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m
odul
e
2
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n
d
s
ki
l
l
de
v
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l
op
m
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t
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n
m
o
d
u
l
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5
.
M
o
d
ul
e
8
:
r
e
w
a
r
ds
a
n
d
d
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v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
m
ot
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v
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m
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t
s
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s
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n
d
r
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ogn
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to
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A
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ki
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de
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m
odul
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up
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m
odul
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4
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2
.
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p
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to
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s
f
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.
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,
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t
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da
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a
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s
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a
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b
e
f
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i
s
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e
mi
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i
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n
.
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e
que
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t
s
s
h
o
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l
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e
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to
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o
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t
a
c
t
de
t
a
i
l
s
.
R
E
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1]
D
.
M
.
H
ut
t
o
n,
“
T
h
e
que
s
t
f
or
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
:
a
hi
s
t
o
r
y
of
id
e
a
s
a
nd
a
c
hi
e
ve
m
e
nt
s
,
”
K
y
be
r
ne
te
s
,
v
o
l.
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n
o
.
9/
10,
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–
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i:
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[
2]
G
.
P
h
oo
ns
a
w
a
t,
P
.
T
h
o
ng
c
ha
i,
S
.
K
r
a
ic
ha
r
o
e
n,
a
nd
W
.
S
ut
th
ir
a
t,
“
A
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
nt
a
nd
s
c
ie
n
c
e
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
[
in
T
ha
i]
,
”
J
our
nal
of
I
ndus
tr
ia
l
E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
21, n
o
. 1, pp. C
1
–
C
8, 2022.
[
3]
I
.
P
o
nt
-
N
ic
lò
s
,
Y
.
E
c
he
g
oy
e
n
-
S
a
nz
,
P
.
O
r
oz
c
o
-
G
óm
e
z
,
a
nd
A
.
M
a
r
tí
n
-
E
z
p
e
l
e
ta
,
“
C
r
e
a
ti
v
it
y
a
nd
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
:
a
s
tu
d
y
w
it
h pr
o
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
te
a
c
h
e
r
s
,
”
D
ig
it
al
E
duc
at
io
n R
e
v
ie
w
, n
o
. 45, p
p. 91
–
97, J
un. 2024, do
i:
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e
r
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-
97.
[
4]
S
.
A
.
K
a
r
r
o
um,
N
.
-
E
.
M
.
E
ls
ha
ie
kh,
a
nd
K
.
A
l
-
H
ij
ji
,
“
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
r
o
l
e
of
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
in
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n:
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
s
a
nd
di
s
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
s
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
ut
c
o
m
e
s
a
nd
pe
da
go
gi
c
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
o
f
I
nnov
at
iv
e
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
and
M
ul
ti
di
s
c
ip
li
nar
y
P
hy
s
ic
al
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
vo
l.
12,
no
.
4,
pp.
1
–
14,
J
ul
.
–
A
ug.
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do
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J
.
J
.
G
ib
s
o
n,
T
he
E
c
ol
ogi
c
al
A
ppr
oac
h
to
V
is
ual
P
e
r
c
e
pt
io
n:
C
la
s
s
ic
E
di
ti
on
.
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k,
N
Y
,
U
S
A
:
P
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
P
r
e
s
s
,
2
015,
do
i:
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[
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J
. R
. A
nde
r
s
o
n,
C
ogni
ti
v
e
P
s
y
c
hol
ogy
and I
ts
I
m
pl
ic
at
io
ns
, 9t
h e
d. N
e
w
Y
o
r
k, N
Y
, U
S
A
:
W
o
r
th
P
ubl
is
he
r
s
, 2020.
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R
.
L
.
G
r
e
g
or
y
,
E
y
e
and
B
r
ai
n:
T
he
P
s
y
c
hol
ogy
of
Se
e
in
g
,
5t
h
e
d.
P
r
in
c
e
t
o
n,
N
J
,
U
S
A
:
P
r
in
c
e
t
o
n
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
P
r
e
s
s
,
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[
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R
.
M
a
r
ti
ne
z
a
nd
S
.
L
e
e
,
“
U
nd
e
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
huma
n
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n:
a
c
o
mpr
e
h
e
ns
i
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
P
s
y
c
hol
ogi
c
al
R
e
v
ie
w
,
vo
l.
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n
o
.
4,
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[
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J
. A
nde
r
s
o
n a
nd
K
. W
il
s
o
n,
P
r
ac
ti
c
al
T
e
ac
hi
ng i
n H
ig
he
r
E
duc
at
io
n:
P
r
in
c
ip
le
s
and P
r
ac
ti
c
e
s
. L
o
nd
o
n, U
K
:
R
o
ut
l
e
dg
e
, 2023.
[
10]
I
. M
c
G
il
l
a
nd A
.
B
r
oc
kba
nk,
T
he
A
c
ti
on L
e
ar
ni
ng H
andbook
:
P
o
w
e
r
f
ul
T
e
c
hni
que
s
f
o
r
E
duc
at
io
n,
P
r
of
e
s
s
io
nal
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
and
T
r
ai
ni
ng
. L
o
nd
o
n, U
K
:
R
o
ut
l
e
dg
e
F
a
lm
e
r
, 2004.
[
11]
I
. M
c
G
il
l
a
nd
L
.
B
e
a
t
y
,
A
c
ti
on L
e
ar
ni
ng:
A
P
r
ac
ti
ti
one
r
’
s
G
ui
d
e
, 2nd e
d.
L
o
nd
o
n, U
K
:
K
o
ga
n P
a
ge
, 2001.
[
12]
Z
.
J
in
a
nd
A
.
K
a
ms
in
,
“
P
e
r
s
o
na
li
z
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
o
d
e
l
ba
s
e
d
o
n
ma
c
hi
ne
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
lg
o
r
it
hms
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
I
nf
or
m
at
ic
s
and C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n T
e
c
hnol
ogy
(
I
J
-
I
C
T
)
, vol
. 13, n
o
. 3, pp. 47
0
–
475, De
c
. 2024, d
oi
:
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ji
c
t.
v
13i
3.
pp470
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475.
[
13]
S
.
B
oo
nr
ua
ngr
a
t,
“
A
c
ti
o
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
”
in
E
nc
y
c
lo
pe
di
a
of
E
d
uc
at
io
n
.
B
a
ngko
k,
T
ha
il
a
nd:
S
r
in
a
kha
r
in
w
ir
o
t
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
,
2
015,
pp. 57
–
59.
[
14]
S
.
T
umt
h
o
ng
a
nd
P
.
S
o
ngs
a
ng
y
o
s
,
“
I
mpl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
of
kn
o
w
l
e
dge
ma
na
g
e
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
in
R
M
U
T
S
B
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
ie
d C
om
put
e
r
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and I
n
fo
r
m
at
io
n Sy
s
te
m
s
, v
o
l.
2, n
o
. 2, pp. 56
–
59, Ap
r
. 2013.
[
15]
Y
.
C
he
n,
M
.
Z
ha
o
,
W
.
S
un,
a
nd
T
.
L
iu
,
“
T
h
e
im
pa
c
t
of
A
I
o
n
le
a
r
ni
ng
o
ut
c
o
me
s
in
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
ti
o
n,
”
E
duc
at
io
n
Sc
ie
n
c
e
s
,
vo
l.
13, n
o
.
2, pp. 1
–
14, 2023, d
o
i:
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e
du
c
s
c
i1
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[
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M
.
B
r
o
w
n,
K
.
M
a
gui
r
e
,
S
.
M
a
r
ti
n,
a
nd
L
.
S
t
e
ve
ns
o
n,
“
I
ns
ti
tu
ti
o
na
l
s
upp
o
r
t
f
or
A
I
in
te
g
r
a
ti
o
n
in
hi
gh
e
r
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n,
”
E
ur
ope
an
J
our
nal
of
T
e
a
c
he
r
E
duc
at
io
n
, v
o
l.
46, n
o
. 4, pp. 589
–
605, 202
3, do
i:
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023.2256789.
[
17]
P
.
M
it
c
h
e
ll
,
R
.
H
a
r
p
e
r
,
L
.
S
t
o
n
e
,
a
nd
C
.
D
o
ugl
a
s
,
“
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
in
t
e
gr
a
ti
o
n
in
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
te
a
c
hi
ng:
O
pp
o
r
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,
”
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
nal
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, v
o
l.
45, n
o
. 3, pp. 178
–
195
, 2023.
[
18]
S
.
M
o
ha
pa
tr
a
a
nd
A
.
K
uma
r
,
“
D
e
ve
l
o
pi
ng
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
or
a
do
pt
in
g
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
p
ut
e
r
T
he
or
y
and E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g (
I
J
C
T
E
)
, vo
l.
11, n
o
. 2, pp. 19
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E
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X
.
T
a
n,
J
.
W
a
ng,
Y
.
Z
h
o
u,
a
nd
M
.
L
i,
“
Ar
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
in
te
a
c
hi
ng
a
nd
t
e
a
c
he
r
pr
of
e
s
s
i
o
na
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
pme
n
t:
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
C
om
put
e
r
s
and E
duc
at
io
n:
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
, v
o
l.
8, pp. 1
–
19, 2025, do
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.
c
a
e
a
i.
2024.100355.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8776
I
n
t
J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
e
c
hn
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
c
h
20
26
:
1
7
1
-
1
7
8
178
[
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D
.
M
o
,
“
T
h
e
im
pa
c
t
of
A
I
o
n
th
e
a
da
pt
a
ti
o
n
of
e
du
c
a
ti
o
na
l
ma
te
r
ia
ls
a
nd
te
a
c
hi
ng
me
th
o
ds
t
o
th
e
ne
e
ds
of
e
a
c
h
s
tu
de
nt
,
”
L
at
in
A
m
e
r
ic
an J
our
nal
of
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
L
at
I
A
)
,
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3
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–
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a
ti
a
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J
.
S
c
hl
e
is
s
,
A
.
O
r
ti
z
,
T
.
M
ül
le
r
,
a
nd
K
.
W
e
b
e
r
,
“
T
e
a
c
hi
ng
A
I
c
ompe
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
in
e
ngi
n
e
e
r
in
g
us
in
g
pr
o
j
e
c
ts
a
nd
o
pe
n
e
du
c
a
ti
o
na
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
,
”
in
P
r
oc
.
50t
h
A
nnual
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
E
duc
at
io
n
,
S
e
pt
.
2022,
pp.
1592
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1600,
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i:
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c
o
n
f
e
r
e
nc
e
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[
22]
A
.
A
br
i,
N
.
A
l
-
H
a
r
th
i,
a
nd
S
.
M
a
hmo
ud,
“
E
x
p
l
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
im
pl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
of
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
ve
-
A
I
t
oo
ls
in
te
a
c
hi
ng
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
,
”
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
n and E
-
L
e
ar
ni
ng R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, v
o
l.
12, n
o
. 1,
pp. 31
–
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i:
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e
e
lr
.
v
12
i1
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[
23]
Y
.
L
iu
a
nd
C
.
Q
ia
o
,
“
D
e
e
p
le
a
r
ni
ng
-
ba
s
e
d
A
I
-
dr
i
ve
n
te
a
c
hi
n
g
mo
de
ls
in
C
hi
ne
s
e
hi
gh
s
c
hoo
l
E
ngl
is
h
c
la
s
s
:
a
c
a
s
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s
tu
dy
of
r
e
a
di
ng l
e
s
s
o
ns
,
”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
i
n E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
10, pp. 1
–
10, 202
5, do
i:
10.3389/
f
e
du
c
.2025.159139
[
24
]
C
. W
o
ngr
a
tt
a
na
,
St
at
is
ti
c
s
f
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r
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h T
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, 10t
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d. B
a
ngko
k,
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nd:
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ha
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N
e
r
a
mi
tk
it
I
nt
r
o
g
r
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s
s
i
v
e
, 2007.
[
25
]
H
.
K
im
,
D
.
P
a
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k,
a
nd
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.
C
hoi
,
“
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ut
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our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
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nnov
at
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vo
l.
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o
. 2, pp. 45
–
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.
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