I
nte
rna
t
io
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l J
o
urna
l o
f
I
nfo
rm
a
t
ics a
nd
Co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
2
1
~
29
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/iji
ct
.
v
1
5
i
1
.
pp
2
1
-
29
21
J
o
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m
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:
h
ttp
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DFIG
int
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p
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p
o
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sy
ste
m
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th
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t
d
e
p
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n
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o
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o
we
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tro
n
ics
,
r
e
n
e
wa
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e
rg
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so
u
rc
e
s
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a
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e
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e
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l
fo
r
m
e
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d
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s
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p
a
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o
d
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r
m
a
x
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m
p
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r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
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g
(
MPPT
)
in
d
o
u
b
ly
fe
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
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g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs
(
DFIG
)
sy
ste
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sin
g
a
n
Ad
a
p
ti
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e
n
e
two
rk
b
a
se
d
f
u
z
z
y
in
fe
re
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
(
AN
F
IS
)
in
fe
re
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
.
Th
e
su
g
g
e
ste
d
AN
F
IS
M
P
P
T
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
ly
m
o
d
ifi
e
s
d
isc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
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s
c
o
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g
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in
to
re
d
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c
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c
h
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g
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
in
th
e
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x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
wh
il
e
p
re
se
rv
in
g
t
h
e
re
sili
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
c
lo
se
d
-
lo
o
p
sy
ste
m
.
P
rio
r
t
o
u
si
n
g
a
DQ
c
o
n
tro
l
th
e
o
ry
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
ro
to
r
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
a
d
ju
stm
e
n
t
to
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
s
h
v
e
c
to
r
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r,
t
h
e
t
u
rb
i
n
e
a
n
d
DFI
G
m
u
st
b
e
m
o
d
e
led
.
Th
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter
m
a
x
imi
z
e
s
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
wh
il
e
stri
v
in
g
fo
r
u
n
it
y
p
o
we
r
fa
c
to
r
a
n
d
a
ll
o
wa
b
le h
a
rm
o
n
ic co
n
ten
t
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
ller
Do
u
b
ly
f
e
d
in
d
u
ctio
n
g
en
er
ato
r
Gr
id
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
Ma
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
i
n
t tr
ac
k
in
g
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
lo
s
s
es
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ar
av
in
d
h
a
n
Kar
u
n
a
n
ith
y
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
St.
J
o
s
ep
h
’
s
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
C
h
en
n
ai
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
ar
av
i1
9
8
9
n
d
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
esp
ec
ially
th
o
s
e
th
at
u
s
e
win
d
p
o
wer
—
h
av
e
attr
ac
ted
a
lo
t
o
f
in
ter
est
as
a
v
ia
b
le
way
to
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
w
o
r
ld
’
s
e
x
p
an
d
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
n
ee
d
s
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
,
a
co
m
p
le
x
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
o
f
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
is
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
o
u
b
ly
f
e
d
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
(
DFI
Gs)
with
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
tallatio
n
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
p
e
cial
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
n
tr
o
l
p
o
wer
s
ep
ar
ately
,
DFI
Gs
ar
e
a
to
p
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
win
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
R
ec
tifie
r
an
d
i
n
v
er
ter
(
R
eL
I
FT)
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
a
r
e
u
s
ed
t
o
in
ter
f
ac
e
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
’
s
v
ar
ia
b
le
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
u
tp
u
t
with
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
iza
tio
n
with
th
e
m
ain
p
o
wer
g
r
id
,
th
er
eb
y
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
DFI
Gs
with
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
ad
d
s
to
th
e
to
tal
m
ix
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
R
E
S)
b
y
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
tr
a
n
s
it o
f
g
en
e
r
ated
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ef
f
icien
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ax
im
ize
p
o
wer
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
s
h
if
tin
g
win
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
DFI
G
-
b
ased
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
’
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
at
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
m
eth
o
d
s
w
on
’
t
b
e
ab
le
to
ad
ju
s
t
to
ch
an
g
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
u
s
e
an
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
M
PP
T
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
n
etwo
r
k
b
ased
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
c
e
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S
)
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
is
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
ests
an
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
DFI
G
th
at
ar
e
co
u
p
led
with
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
is
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
d
ep
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
iab
le
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
b
y
d
y
n
am
ically
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
’
s
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
2
1
-
29
22
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
with
g
r
id
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
f
u
r
th
er
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
esear
c
h
e
f
f
o
r
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
,
in
th
e
en
d
,
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
b
r
o
ad
u
s
e
o
f
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
will
b
e
s
h
o
wn
b
y
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
an
aly
s
is
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
its
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
m
a
x
im
izin
g
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
an
d
g
r
i
d
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
in
DFI
G
-
b
ased
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
wi
n
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
R
elev
an
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
DFI
G
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
e
r
ter
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
f
o
r
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
will
b
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
lac
e
th
is
s
tu
d
y
with
in
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t b
o
d
y
o
f
liter
atu
r
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
DFI
G
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
win
d
en
er
g
y
u
s
in
g
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
with
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
two
DFI
G
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ca
n
g
en
e
r
ate
an
d
k
ee
p
tr
ac
k
o
f
p
o
wer
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
o
to
r
s
id
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
(
R
SC
)
an
d
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
(
GSC
)
an
d
m
ain
tain
a
co
n
s
tan
t
r
o
to
r
v
elo
city
.
W
ith
its
v
er
y
s
tead
y
an
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
DFI
G
-
b
ased
win
d
m
ill
is
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
f
o
r
m
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
MPPT
of
DFI
G
-
b
ased
win
d
m
ills
is
cr
u
cial
to
r
aisi
n
g
th
eir
win
d
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
W
in
d
en
er
g
y
is
g
en
er
ated
with
a
DFI
G
th
at
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
p
ee
d
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
.
T
h
e
two
DFI
G
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
th
e
R
SC
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
an
d
GR
S
,
ar
e
ab
le
to
g
en
er
ate
an
d
tr
ac
k
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
s
tead
y
r
o
to
r
v
elo
city
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
es
r
i
g
h
t
n
o
w
ar
e
DFI
G
-
b
ased
win
d
m
ills
d
u
e
to
th
eir
a
d
v
an
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
s
tab
ilit
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
M
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
a
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
in
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
th
e
MPPT
o
f
win
d
m
ills
b
ased
o
n
DF
IG
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
DFI
G,
ef
f
icien
t
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
eliab
ly
id
en
tify
an
d
m
ain
tain
t
h
e
MPP
u
n
d
er
win
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
is
co
u
p
le
d
to
th
e
3
φ
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M
)
p
u
ls
es.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
MPPT
m
o
n
ito
r
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
it
also
g
en
er
ates
PW
M
p
u
ls
es
th
at
ar
e
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
R
e
L
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
.
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
is
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
wo
r
k
to
k
ee
p
th
e
d
c
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
s
tan
t.
B
y
co
n
tr
o
l
lin
g
an
d
s
tab
ilizin
g
th
e
d
c
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
with
in
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
r
a
n
g
e,
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
a
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
q
u
esti
o
n
.
T
h
e
L
C
f
ilter
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
3
φ
VSI
an
d
s
u
p
p
lies
it
to
th
e
3
φ
g
r
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
2
.
1
.
Adv
a
nt
a
g
es o
f
r
esea
rc
h m
et
ho
d
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
m
eth
o
d
in
cl
u
d
e
h
ig
h
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ich
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
m
in
im
al
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
wastag
e,
lead
in
g
to
co
s
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
asp
ec
ts
.
B
y
elim
in
atin
g
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
lo
s
s
es,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
en
h
an
ce
s
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
p
o
wer
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
with
o
u
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
Ad
d
i
tio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
tain
s
a
co
n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
th
e
u
tili
ty
s
id
e,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
i
lity
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
e
v
ices,
wh
ich
is
cr
u
cial
in
av
o
id
in
g
d
am
a
g
e
o
r
in
ef
f
icien
ci
es.
Ov
er
all,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
lea
d
s
to
a
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
b
o
th
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
2
.
2
.
ReLI
F
T
co
nv
er
t
er
It
’
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
at
th
e
wo
r
d
“
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
”
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
h
asn
’
t
b
ec
o
m
e
well
-
k
n
o
wn
o
r
estab
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
’
s
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le,
t
h
o
u
g
h
,
th
at
s
in
ce
th
en
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
o
r
n
ew
ter
m
s
h
av
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
th
e
ar
ea
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
ab
le
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
u
s
ag
e
in
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
co
n
v
er
ter
s
a
r
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
er
tin
g
elec
tr
ical
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
DF
I
G
in
teg
r
a
tio
n
w
ith
R
eLI
F
T c
o
n
ve
r
ter fo
r
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
te
d
…
(
A
r
a
vin
d
h
a
n
K
a
r
u
n
a
n
ith
y
)
23
en
er
g
y
b
etwe
en
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
wo
r
d
“
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
”
m
ig
h
t
r
ef
er
t
o
a
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
s
u
r
f
ac
ed
s
in
ce
m
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
u
p
d
ate,
p
r
iv
ate
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
o
r
an
ab
b
r
ev
iatio
n
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
am
in
g
p
atter
n
u
tili
ze
d
in
r
ec
en
t stu
d
y
.
I
t
co
u
ld
also
b
e
a
s
p
ec
ial
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
o
r
ad
a
p
tio
n
o
f
an
alr
ea
d
y
-
ex
is
tin
g
co
n
v
er
t
er
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
er
v
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Ge
n
er
ally
s
p
ea
k
in
g
,
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
[1
3
]
,
[
14
].
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
AC
lo
ad
s
o
r
co
n
n
ec
t
to
th
e
g
r
id
,
u
tili
ze
in
v
er
ter
s
to
co
n
v
er
t
DC
to
A
C
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
lev
els
to
co
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
with
lo
ad
s
o
r
g
r
id
n
ee
d
s
.
E
n
h
an
ci
n
g
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
m
ea
n
s
m
a
k
in
g
s
u
r
e
th
at
lin
k
e
d
lo
a
d
s
o
r
th
e
g
r
id
r
ec
eiv
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
.
I
f
th
is
p
h
r
ase
h
as
o
r
ig
in
ated
o
r
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
in
th
e
s
ec
to
r
s
in
ce
m
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
u
p
d
ate,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e,
r
esear
c
h
p
ap
er
s
,
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
p
r
e
cise
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
I
w
o
u
ld
b
e
h
ap
p
y
to
h
el
p
f
u
r
th
er
b
ased
o
n
an
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
y
o
u
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
if
it
r
elate
s
to
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
th
eir
u
s
e,
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
.
I
n
th
e
ev
en
t
th
at
th
e
“
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
e
r
ter
”
is
a
n
o
v
el
o
r
ex
cl
u
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t,
it
ca
n
p
o
s
s
ess
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
r
in
ci
p
les
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ax
im
ize
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
f
ac
ets
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
i
o
n
,
g
r
id
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
,
o
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
e
f
f
icien
cy
i
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
m
ater
ial
p
er
tain
in
g
to
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
r
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
ch
i
tectu
r
e,
as
well
a
s
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles
an
d
p
aten
ts
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
a
r
e
lik
ely
t
o
in
clu
d
e
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
it
o
p
er
ates.
T
h
r
ee
lay
er
s
m
ak
e
u
p
th
e
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
ey
a
r
e
a
s
f
o
llo
ws:
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
s
in
g
r
ec
tifie
r
g
en
er
ated
AC
is
c
o
n
v
er
ted
in
to
DC
an
d
g
i
v
en
to
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
will
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
co
n
v
er
ted
DC
p
o
wer
an
d
it
will
s
tep
u
p
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
DC
p
o
wer
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
VSI
will
co
n
v
e
r
t
s
tep
u
p
DC
in
to
r
eg
u
lated
(
s
y
n
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r
o
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is
ed
)
v
o
ltag
e,
wh
ich
is
th
en
g
iv
en
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
cu
it d
iag
r
am
o
f
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
e
r
ter
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it d
iag
r
am
o
f
R
eL
I
FT
co
n
v
e
r
ter
(
lay
er
-
2)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
ir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
o
f
R
eL
I
FT
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
(
l
ay
er
-
3)
2
.
3
.
P
I
c
o
ntr
o
ller
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
Sta
tic
Ou
tp
u
t
Feed
b
ac
k
is
th
e
m
eth
o
d
th
at
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
to
ac
h
iev
e
g
lo
b
al
s
tab
ilit
y
am
o
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
.
As
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
e
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
lan
t
an
d
th
e
s
et
p
o
i
n
t
Yo
s
er
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es
as
th
e
in
p
u
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th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
.
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t
p
u
t o
f
t
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e
co
n
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r
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u
m
ay
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e
ex
p
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ess
ed
as:
=
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(
1
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w
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e,
k
p
an
d
k
i a
r
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
s
tan
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
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Vo
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5
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1
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Ma
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ch
20
2
6
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1
-
29
24
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n
(
1
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ca
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b
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,
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[
∫
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t
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e,
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u
tp
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a
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b
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=
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a
n
d
PI
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n
tr
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ca
n
b
e
d
escr
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ed
as
,
=
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t
wo
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k
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r
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atr
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e
q
u
alities
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
o
n
th
e
SOF
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Static
o
u
t
p
u
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
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o
d
if
y
t
h
e
PI
co
n
t
r
o
ller
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
an
im
p
u
ls
e
-
f
r
ee
an
d
s
to
ch
asti
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lly
s
tab
le
cl
o
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
B
o
u
k
as
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
lated
PI
v
alu
es
ar
e
k
i
=
4
.
6
6
4
7
a
n
d
k
p
=
0
.
0
8
1
4
.
2
.
4
.
G
SC
co
ntr
o
l sy
s
t
em
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
GSC
,
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
DC
b
u
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
’
s
v
o
ltag
e,
d
-
ax
is
o
f
th
e
r
o
tat
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
-
q
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
GS
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
’
s
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
1.
T
h
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
Vd
c
in
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
th
e
d
an
d
q
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
AC
cu
r
r
en
ts
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
m
an
ag
ed
.
2.
A
DC
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
m
ak
es
u
p
th
e
o
u
ter
r
eg
u
latin
g
lo
o
p
.
3.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
cr
ea
te
d
b
y
th
e
G
SC
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
eg
u
lato
r
.
I
t
is
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
d
g
c
r
ef
,
w
h
ich
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
,
a
n
d
a
s
et
I
q
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
DQ
th
eo
r
y
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
p
o
wer
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
th
e
g
r
i
d
.
DQ
th
eo
r
y
,
also
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
Par
k
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
AC
m
ac
h
in
es
lik
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
AC
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
PI
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
in
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
GSC
c
o
n
tr
o
l
2
.
5
.
ANF
I
S
T
h
e
ANFI
S
in
f
er
en
ce
tech
n
i
q
u
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
c
o
m
b
in
es
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
wo
r
k
s
with
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Fu
z
zy
lo
g
ic
an
d
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
e
r
to
m
ak
e
it
a
b
etter
tr
an
s
lato
r
a
n
d
lear
n
er
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
a
r
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
o
f
ANFI
S c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
iv
e
tier
s
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
First
l
ay
er
:
MF
an
d
u
s
er
-
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
p
u
t v
ar
iab
les m
ak
e
u
p
th
e
ad
a
p
tiv
e
f
u
zz
if
icatio
n
lay
e
r
Seco
n
d
l
ay
er
:
Af
ter
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
MF,
ch
o
o
s
es
an
d
f
ee
d
s
th
e
m
atch
ed
f
u
zz
y
s
et
to
th
e
n
ex
t la
y
er
.
T
h
ir
d
l
ay
er
:
T
h
e
weig
h
t o
f
ev
er
y
n
o
r
m
aliz
ed
n
o
d
e
is
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
ir
d
lay
er
.
Fo
r
th
l
ay
er
:
E
v
er
y
n
eu
r
o
n
is
n
o
r
m
alize
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
r
th
lay
er
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
v
alu
es
b
ased
o
n
in
f
er
en
ce
r
u
les.
Fifth
l
ay
er
:
T
o
co
n
v
er
t th
e
f
u
zz
y
v
alu
es in
to
a
cr
is
p
v
alu
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t la
y
er
m
ix
es to
g
eth
er
all
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
ts
f
r
o
m
f
o
r
t
h
lay
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
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f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
DF
I
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in
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r
a
tio
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w
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R
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F
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r
ter fo
r
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r
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co
n
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d
…
(
A
r
a
vin
d
h
a
n
K
a
r
u
n
a
n
ith
y
)
25
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
ANFI
S
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Usi
n
g
an
ANFI
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co
n
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m
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d
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SP
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M
v
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s
o
u
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in
v
e
r
ter
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t,
MA
T
L
AB
Simu
lin
k
w
as
u
s
ed
to
cr
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te
th
e
s
im
u
latio
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m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
DFI
G
with
R
e
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n
v
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te
r
f
ed
g
r
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co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
,
as sh
o
wn
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
an
d
its
tu
r
b
in
e
s
ec
tio
n
is
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
ANFI
S M
PP
T
s
im
u
lin
k
m
o
d
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
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n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
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T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
2
1
-
29
26
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
u
r
b
in
e
s
ec
tio
n
T
h
e
(
5
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
elec
tr
icity
th
at
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
en
e
r
ates.
=
1
2
2
3
(
,
)
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
air
d
en
s
ity
in
k
ilo
g
r
am
s
p
er
c
u
b
ic
m
eter
(
k
g
/m
3
)
,
R
is
th
e
tu
r
b
i
n
e
’
s
r
o
t
o
r
r
ad
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s
in
m
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(
m
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,
s
h
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,
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r
e
p
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e
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wer
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f
icien
t a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
it
ch
an
g
le
(
β)
a
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d
tip
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p
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r
ati
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(
λ
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.
(
6
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6
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5
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n
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r
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ay
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e
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in
an
MPPT
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p
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r
an
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e.
Fig
u
r
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1
0
.
Gen
er
ated
v
o
ltag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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f
&
C
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m
m
u
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T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
DF
I
G
in
teg
r
a
tio
n
w
ith
R
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F
T c
o
n
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ter fo
r
g
r
id
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co
n
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…
(
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r
a
vin
d
h
a
n
K
a
r
u
n
a
n
ith
y
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27
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
B
o
o
s
ted
v
o
ltag
e
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
o
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
win
d
e
n
er
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y
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r
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