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15
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332
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elay
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Facu
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u
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m
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
cit
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tech
n
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lo
g
ies
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d
r
iv
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b
y
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
o
l
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tio
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s
th
at
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o
cu
s
o
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ca
lab
ilit
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,
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
r
ea
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-
tim
e
an
aly
tics
.
At
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
is
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
u
r
b
an
p
lan
n
in
g
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
o
p
tim
ize
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
en
h
a
n
ce
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ices,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
life
f
o
r
r
esid
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ts
.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
k
e
y
en
ab
ler
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
cities
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
as
it
allo
ws
s
ea
m
le
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
d
e
v
ices
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
with
clo
u
d
an
d
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
e
n
h
an
c
ed
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
w
h
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e,
cl
o
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
o
f
f
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s
s
ca
lab
le
a
n
d
h
i
g
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p
r
o
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s
s
in
g
an
d
s
to
r
ag
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ca
p
a
b
ilit
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ile
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m
p
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b
r
in
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s
t
h
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ca
p
a
b
ilit
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clo
s
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to
th
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n
etwo
r
k
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d
g
e,
h
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n
ce
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ed
u
ci
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g
th
e
laten
cy
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le,
ef
f
icien
t u
r
b
a
n
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
will d
ef
in
e
th
e
c
ities
o
f
to
m
o
r
r
o
w.
Fo
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
a
k
ey
e
n
ab
ler
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
u
r
b
a
n
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
es.
T
h
is
en
ab
les
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
an
aly
tics
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
in
clu
d
i
n
g
p
u
b
lic
s
af
ety
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
A
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
[
7
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
w
f
o
g
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
im
p
r
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v
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
To
w
a
r
d
s
efficien
t fo
g
co
mp
u
tin
g
in
s
ma
r
t c
ities
:
b
a
la
n
cin
g
e
n
erg
y
co
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
…
(
I
d
a
S
y
a
fiz
a
Md
I
s
a
)
333
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
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.
A
m
u
ltit
ier
f
o
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co
m
p
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tin
g
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
He
et
a
l.
[
10
]
to
o
p
tim
ize
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
b
y
p
lacin
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
clo
s
er
to
t
h
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e
d
g
e
n
etw
o
r
k
,
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u
s
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
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wh
ile
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ed
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cin
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t
h
e
r
elian
ce
o
n
clo
u
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ab
d
ali
et
a
l.
[1
1
]
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
m
a
n
ag
in
g
th
e
m
ass
iv
e
I
o
T
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ata
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
o
f
s
m
ar
t
city
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
class
if
y
in
g
th
e
f
o
g
co
m
p
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tin
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ap
p
licatio
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s
i
n
to
r
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l
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tim
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r
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r
ea
l
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tim
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d
o
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ain
s
.
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en
o
m
ar
et
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l.
[
4
]
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
f
o
g
-
b
ased
ar
c
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itectu
r
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f
o
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th
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i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
I
o
T
(
I
I
o
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)
en
v
ir
o
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t,
wh
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f
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is
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s
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p
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o
s
itio
n
(
SVD)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
tr
af
f
ic
wh
ile
r
ed
u
cin
g
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
was
test
ed
in
a
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
in
g
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
e
r
y
r
atio
(
PDR
)
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
laten
c
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
in
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
ec
to
r
,
v
eh
icu
lar
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
(
VFC
)
en
h
an
ce
s
u
r
b
an
m
o
b
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
T
an
g
et
a
l.
[1
2
]
,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
u
s
e
th
r
e
e
-
lay
er
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es
i
n
VFC
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
task
o
f
f
lo
ad
i
n
g
b
y
u
s
in
g
r
o
a
d
s
id
e
u
n
its
(
R
SUs
)
an
d
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
ch
ed
u
ler
s
f
o
r
task
all
o
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
r
esp
o
n
s
e
laten
cy
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
wh
ile
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
o
d
els.
C
ase
s
tu
d
ies
in
[1
3
]
also
s
h
o
w
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
o
n
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
th
u
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
g
o
als
i
n
s
m
ar
t
cities.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
t
o
th
is
,
th
e
Natio
n
al
Stra
teg
ic
Sm
ar
t
C
i
ty
Pro
g
r
am
(
NSSP
)
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
also
o
u
tlin
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
in
s
m
ar
t
cities
s
u
ch
as
th
e
5
G
an
d
o
th
er
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
er
v
ice
s
in
th
e
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
a
n
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[1
4
]
.
I
n
Ji
et
a
l.
[1
5
]
,
a
n
A
-
VI
o
T
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
u
s
ed
t
o
m
an
ag
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
id
e
o
d
ata
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
city
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
a
n
d
em
e
r
g
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
lim
i
tatio
n
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
W
ith
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
in
s
m
ar
t
citie
s
,
ef
f
icien
t
task
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
f
o
g
o
f
f
lo
ad
i
n
g
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
m
ain
tain
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
u
tin
g
m
o
d
els
th
at
co
m
b
i
n
ed
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
with
o
th
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
o
p
tim
ize
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
Ali
et
a
l.
[1
6
]
,
a
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
(
VSFC
)
m
o
d
el,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
with
v
o
lu
n
teer
co
m
p
u
tin
g
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
r
e
d
u
c
e
th
e
laten
cy
,
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
a
g
e.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
h
as
g
ain
ed
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
in
s
ev
er
al
cities
in
clu
d
in
g
Helsin
k
i
an
d
Sin
g
ap
o
r
e
wh
er
e
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
b
esid
es
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
ef
f
o
r
t.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
Fo
g
Flo
w
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
T
an
g
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
s
er
v
ices
in
s
m
ar
t
cities
b
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
el
asti
c
s
er
v
ice
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
ac
r
o
s
s
clo
u
d
an
d
ed
g
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
im
p
r
o
v
es
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
laten
cy
,
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
f
o
r
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
u
n
i
f
ied
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
b
o
t
h
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
laten
cy
.
I
n
Kh
a
za
el
et
a
l.
[1
7
]
,
a
n
ew
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
f
o
r
co
m
p
lex
ev
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
C
E
P)
in
s
m
ar
t
city
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
e
s
s
ch
allen
g
es
p
o
s
ed
b
y
m
u
lti
-
ten
an
t
e
d
g
e
d
e
v
ices
with
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
in
teg
r
ates
a
p
u
b
lis
h
-
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
al
p
atter
n
with
s
o
f
t
war
e
-
d
ef
in
ed
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
(
SDN)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
aim
in
g
to
en
h
a
n
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
ev
en
t
n
o
tific
atio
n
s
an
d
em
p
lo
y
s
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te
a
n
d
h
ea
d
s
el
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
tr
af
f
ic.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
in
[
9
]
,
lo
a
d
b
alan
cin
g
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
SDN
with
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
.
Om
o
n
iwa
et
a
l.
[1
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
FECIo
T
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
all
o
ws
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices
to
o
f
f
lo
ad
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
task
s
to
m
o
r
e
ca
p
ab
le
d
ev
ices
to
o
p
tim
ize
o
v
er
all
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
e
v
ea
l
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
at
th
e
e
d
g
e,
a
n
d
m
in
im
izes
th
e
d
elay
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
d
em
an
d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
o
n
eM
2
M
-
b
ased
Fo
g
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[1
9
]
s
h
o
ws
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tim
e
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
im
ag
e
d
ata,
th
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
s
m
ar
t c
ity
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
o
th
e
b
est
o
f
o
u
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
eit
h
er
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
i
cien
cy
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
n
etwo
r
k
d
elay
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
.
Als
o
,
th
ey
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
ice
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
b
alan
ce
s
b
o
th
m
etr
ics.
T
h
is
g
ap
is
cr
itical,
as
s
m
ar
t
city
ap
p
licat
i
o
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
b
o
th
lo
w
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
m
in
im
al
d
elay
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
Q
o
S
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
o
u
r
wo
r
k
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
is
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
an
m
ix
ed
-
in
teg
er
lin
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
(
MI
L
P
)
-
b
ased
f
o
g
-
b
ased
en
e
r
g
y
-
d
ela
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(F
-
E
DO)
m
o
d
el
wh
ich
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
p
la
ce
m
en
t
o
f
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
s
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
wh
ile
r
ed
u
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ela
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
ev
alu
ate
o
u
r
m
o
d
el
in
ter
m
s
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ela
y
in
a
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
u
r
b
a
n
s
ettin
g
,
B
an
d
ar
ay
a
Ma
lacc
a,
Ma
lay
s
ia
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
o
u
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
alig
n
with
p
r
ac
tical
s
m
ar
t
city
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
we
lv
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
in
te
r
est
with
in
B
an
d
ar
ay
a
Ma
lacc
a
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f
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ly
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ir
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ed
f
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ch
itectu
r
e
,
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tr
ad
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ap
p
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u
r
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ch
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ar
t c
ity
ap
p
licatio
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I
n
t J I
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f
&
C
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m
m
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I
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N:
2252
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To
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efficien
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MI
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th
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ly
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er
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u
r
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.
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:
2
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I
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26
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2
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336
2
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1
.
F
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ter
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(
3
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.
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h
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ased
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ased
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ased
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T
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s
ed
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r
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4
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C
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tr
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3
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o
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ly
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g
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s
ed
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wh
ile
co
n
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1
4
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u
r
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all
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s
er
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
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f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
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l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
To
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337
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w
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ased
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ize
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wh
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tr
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h
e
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ize
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s
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d
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ize
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ased
o
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e
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2
3
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d
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2
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ased
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Dis
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d
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n
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.
=
/
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
(
2
5
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=
/
∀
∈
,
∀
∈
(
2
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
:
3
3
2
-
3
4
2
338
C
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
(
2
5
)
a
n
d
(
2
6
)
is
t
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
d
elay
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
wir
ed
,
an
d
wir
eless
,
m
ed
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m
t
o
tr
an
s
m
it
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ata
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m
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g
s
er
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tiv
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h
is
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lcu
latio
n
is
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ased
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e
t
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is
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ce
o
f
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ata
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r
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m
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e
s
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2
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/s
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is
3
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m
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.
2
.
2
.
C
-
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DO
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n
th
is
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r
k
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C
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s
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to
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en
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ar
k
th
e
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r
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ed
F
-
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DO
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ter
m
s
o
f
its
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d
d
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y
.
I
n
C
-
E
DO,
th
e
s
er
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er
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lo
ca
ted
at
t
h
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
(
1
)
-
(
2
6
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
C
-
E
DO
wh
ile
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
ca
n
d
i
d
ate
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
er
v
e
r
,
is
ch
an
g
e
to
b
e
o
n
ly
at
th
e
clo
u
d
s
witch
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
F
-
E
DO
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
w
e
allo
w
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
e
r
to
b
e
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
at
ea
ch
ca
n
d
id
ate
lo
ca
ti
o
n
.
Als
o
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
ten
u
s
er
s
p
er
I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
o
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
F
-
E
DO,
we
co
m
p
a
r
ed
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
its
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
d
elay
with
th
e
C
-
E
DO
wh
er
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
th
e
clo
u
d
.
No
te
th
at,
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
ea
ch
I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
is
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t,
h
en
ce
th
e
d
elay
is
ca
l
cu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
i
n
t
to
th
e
f
o
g
s
er
v
e
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
elay
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
tr
af
f
ic
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t
to
a
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
l
o
ca
ted
at
th
e
s
am
e
lo
ca
tio
n
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
e
g
lig
ib
le.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
th
at,
F
-
E
DO
ac
h
iev
es
u
p
to
5
2
.
2
%
en
e
r
g
y
s
av
in
g
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
th
e
C
-
E
DO.
T
h
is
is
m
ain
ly
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
ed
b
y
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
I
n
F
-
E
DO,
th
e
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
is
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
lay
er
,
wh
ich
o
p
tim
izes
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
ac
tiv
atin
g
o
n
ly
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
d
ev
ices
at
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
lay
er
.
M
ea
n
wh
ile
in
C
-
E
DO,
th
e
s
er
v
er
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
co
r
e
lay
er
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
lay
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
r
ev
ea
l
th
at,
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
F
-
E
DO
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
in
C
-
E
DO.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
in
F
-
E
DO,
f
o
g
s
er
v
e
r
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
with
in
lo
ca
l
ac
ce
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
tim
e.
T
h
is
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
wh
er
e
F
-
E
DO
m
ain
tain
n
eg
lig
ib
le
d
elay
s
wh
ile
th
e
d
elay
in
C
-
E
DO
is
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
1
5
m
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
clo
u
d
-
b
ase
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
ly
lim
ited
b
y
d
is
tan
ce
-
r
elate
d
laten
cies,
m
ak
in
g
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
tin
g
th
e
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
I
o
T
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Dela
y
i
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
F
-
E
DO
an
d
C
-
E
DO
W
e
also
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
F
-
E
DO
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
p
er
I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
t
o
2
0
an
d
3
0
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
to
tal
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
b
o
th
F
-
E
DO
an
d
C
-
E
DO.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
F
-
E
DO
r
em
ain
s
m
o
r
e
en
e
r
g
y
-
e
f
f
icien
t
th
an
C
-
E
DO
with
4
3
.
2
%
an
d
3
3
.
4
%
f
o
r
2
0
an
d
3
0
u
s
er
s
p
e
r
I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t
is
wo
r
th
n
o
tin
g
th
at,
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
r
af
f
ic
in
F
-
E
DO
is
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
er
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
as
h
ig
h
er
u
s
er
d
e
m
an
d
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
o
g
s
er
v
e
r
s
to
m
ain
tain
lo
w
d
elay
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
th
e
d
ela
y
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
F
-
E
DO
is
n
e
g
lig
ib
le
wh
ile
h
ig
h
er
d
elay
o
cc
u
r
s
in
C
-
E
DO
f
o
r
all
I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
s
ize.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
am
e
r
ea
s
o
n
as
e
x
p
lain
ed
e
ar
lier
wh
ich
is
th
e
p
r
o
x
im
ity
o
f
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
s
in
F
-
E
DO
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
in
d
icate
th
at,
th
e
d
elay
in
C
-
E
DO
r
em
ain
co
n
s
tan
t,
as th
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
er
s
ar
e
alwa
y
s
at
th
e
clo
u
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
To
w
a
r
d
s
efficien
t fo
g
co
mp
u
tin
g
in
s
ma
r
t c
ities
:
b
a
la
n
cin
g
e
n
erg
y
co
n
s
u
mp
tio
n
…
(
I
d
a
S
y
a
fiz
a
Md
I
s
a
)
339
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t w
ith
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
/I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Dela
y
i
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
with
d
if
f
er
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
/I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
F
-
E
DO
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
e
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
er
s
th
at
h
as
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
th
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
we
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
3
0
u
s
er
s
p
e
r
I
o
T
g
r
o
u
p
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
F
-
E
DO.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
p
u
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
er
s
S
e
r
v
e
r
I
n
t
e
l
X
5
6
7
5
[2
4
]
5
7
W
5
1
7
µ
W
/
M
I
P
S
7
3
.
4
4
k
M
I
P
S
N
v
i
d
i
a
T
4
G
P
U
[2
5
]
4
5
W
2
7
.
7
µ
W
/
M
I
P
S
1
,
0
8
0
k
M
I
P
S
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
at,
as
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
er
in
cr
ea
s
es,
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
in
b
o
th
F
-
E
DO
an
d
C
-
E
DO
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
m
ain
ly
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
as
f
ewe
r
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
s
er
v
e
u
s
er
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at,
t
h
e
d
ela
y
in
F
-
E
DO
r
em
ain
s
n
eg
lig
ib
le
wh
ile
in
C
-
E
DO
th
e
d
elay
r
em
ain
s
th
e
s
am
e
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t w
ith
d
i
f
f
er
en
t ty
p
e
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
er
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
e
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
e
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
:
3
3
2
-
3
4
2
340
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Dela
y
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
e
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
er
v
er
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
F
-
E
DO
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
ed
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
C
-
E
DO
m
eth
o
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
d
elay
.
O
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
at
F
-
E
DO
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
C
-
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RE
F
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
E.
H
.
H
o
u
ss
e
i
n
,
M
.
A
.
O
t
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a
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d
,
a
n
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,
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n
g
s
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n
smar
t
c
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s
:
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o
f
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h
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1
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1
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0
2
4
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3
4
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.
[
2
]
A
.
K
i
r
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v
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1
.
[
3
]
L.
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K
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Y
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q
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EEE
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4
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Z.
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5
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P
.
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s,
E
.
Tr
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.
[
6
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I
.
M
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,
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.
S
.
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a
f
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,
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.
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a
y
,
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D
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ma
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ms
:
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y
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[
7
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M
.
B
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t
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l
.
,
“
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c
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s
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p
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s:
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[
8
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R
.
K
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m
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m
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c
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p
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