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Ev
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literature
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R
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Dec
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2
0
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Im
p
ro
v
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
a
li
t
y
o
f
se
rv
ic
e
(Qo
S
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o
f
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p
h
o
n
e
n
e
two
r
k
s
in
e
v
it
a
b
ly
in
v
o
lv
e
s
st
u
d
y
in
g
p
re
v
i
o
u
s
wo
r
k
o
n
th
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
it
s
p
e
r
fo
rm
a
n
c
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ica
to
rs.
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e
v
e
ra
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se
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h
a
v
e
a
d
d
re
ss
e
d
th
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s
u
b
jec
t
o
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v
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l
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ti
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g
th
e
p
e
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rm
a
n
c
e
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f
se
rv
ice
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
tele
p
h
o
n
e
n
e
two
r
k
s.
S
o
m
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
e
d
th
ro
u
g
h
u
se
r
s
u
rv
e
y
s
a
n
d
o
th
e
rs
o
p
te
d
fo
r
m
o
re
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
u
sin
g
e
it
h
e
r
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
sc
a
n
n
e
rs
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
:
h
y
p
e
r
te
x
t
m
a
rk
u
p
lan
g
u
a
g
e
(
HTM
L
)
o
r
An
d
ro
i
d
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
w
h
e
th
e
r
b
y
su
b
jec
ti
v
e
o
r
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
s,
th
is
wo
r
k
h
a
s
m
a
d
e
it
p
o
ss
ib
le
t
o
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
a
ll
o
w
o
t
h
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
to
p
r
o
g
re
ss
f
u
rth
e
r
in
th
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
f
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
m
o
b
il
e
n
e
two
r
k
s.
I
n
t
h
is
stu
d
y
w
h
ich
c
o
n
stit
u
tes
a
re
v
iew
o
f
th
e
li
tera
tu
re
,
we
in
v
e
sti
g
a
ted
th
e
d
iffere
n
t
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s,
m
e
th
o
d
s,
a
n
d
m
o
st
re
c
e
n
t
re
s
u
lt
s
m
e
n
ti
o
n
e
d
b
y
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
Qo
S
b
y
re
l
y
in
g
m
u
c
h
m
o
re
o
n
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
.
De
sp
it
e
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
li
m
it
s,
i
n
o
u
r
p
ro
p
o
sa
l
we
in
te
n
d
to
re
l
y
o
n
d
a
ta
sc
ien
c
e
s
th
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
ir
t
o
o
ls
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
Qo
S
wi
th
m
o
re
p
re
c
isio
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Data
s
cien
ce
E
v
alu
atio
n
Mo
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
Qu
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Pas
ca
l V
alan
d
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scien
ce
,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ma
r
o
u
a
4
6
Ma
r
o
u
a,
Ma
r
o
u
a,
C
am
er
o
o
n
E
m
ail: p
ascalv
alan
d
i2
0
@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
he
21
st
ce
n
tu
r
y
h
as
witn
ess
ed
th
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
m
o
b
ile
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
(
MBB
)
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
its
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
4
G
a
n
d
5
G
tech
n
iq
u
es
is
a
n
ew
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
in
s
o
m
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies.
Desp
ite
th
is
d
elay
,
we
ar
e
s
ee
in
g
a
d
esire
to
s
et
u
p
ad
v
an
ce
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
p
lace
o
f
o
ld
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
.
An
elem
en
t
o
f
ev
e
r
y
d
a
y
life
,
th
e
te
lep
h
o
n
e
tak
es
u
p
a
l
ittl
e
m
o
r
e
s
p
ac
e
in
o
u
r
d
aily
liv
es
ev
er
y
d
a
y
.
An
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
it
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
m
ar
k
et
f
o
r
o
p
er
ato
r
s
as
we
ll
as
d
esig
n
er
s
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
Desp
ite
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
et
u
p
an
d
r
ec
e
p
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
lin
k
e
d
to
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
lim
itatio
n
s
h
in
d
er
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ic
e
(
Qo
S
)
.
T
h
e
alter
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
als
is
ev
en
g
r
ea
ter
wh
en
we
f
in
d
o
u
r
s
elv
es
o
n
th
e
m
o
v
e.
T
r
av
el
is
m
ad
e
b
y
cr
o
s
s
in
g
th
ese
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
ich
m
ak
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
th
e
n
ee
d
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
f
id
elity
is
th
eir
m
o
s
t
p
er
m
an
en
t
co
n
ce
r
n
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
f
o
r
ce
u
s
to
q
u
esti
o
n
th
e
r
ea
l
Qo
S
th
at
o
p
er
ato
r
s
o
f
f
e
r
.
T
h
is
led
e
n
g
in
e
er
s
to
d
well
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
ject,
h
en
ce
th
e
m
o
v
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
th
e
f
if
th
g
en
er
atio
n
wh
ich
o
f
f
er
s
m
u
ch
wid
e
r
b
an
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
r
em
ain
u
n
s
atis
f
ied
an
d
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
wh
ich
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
p
u
s
h
s
u
p
p
lier
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
an
d
b
etter
s
atis
f
y
th
eir
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f m
o
b
ile
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etw
o
r
ks:
liter
a
tu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
P
a
s
ca
l
V
a
la
n
d
i
)
129
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
er
v
ice
wh
ich
also
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
in
v
estme
n
ts
an
d
th
e
will
o
f
ope
r
ato
r
s
,
States
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ag
e
n
cies
m
u
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
th
is
Qo
S
[
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
ata
r
elatin
g
to
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
to
b
e
ir
r
eg
u
lar
b
e
ca
u
s
e
it
i
s
co
s
tly
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
an
d
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
p
er
ato
r
s
lack
c
r
ed
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
ea
ch
th
e
r
eg
u
lat
o
r
late
[
1
]
.
As
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
p
r
o
ce
ed
ed
b
y
s
ea
r
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
ar
tic
les
in
en
g
in
es
s
u
ch
as
G
o
o
g
l
e,
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
.
Z
o
ter
o
h
elp
e
d
u
s
o
r
g
an
ize
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ar
ticles
u
s
ed
,
th
e
ch
o
ice
f
ell
o
n
th
e
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
v
er
th
e
last
twen
ty
y
ea
r
s
(
2
0
0
4
-
2
0
2
3
)
a
n
d
wh
ich
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
o
f
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
b
u
t
with
an
em
p
h
asis
o
n
t
h
e
ar
ticles
wh
ich
r
elate
to
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
ar
ticle,
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
n
o
te
-
tak
in
g
ar
e
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
ad
o
p
ted
to
o
b
tain
o
u
r
r
esu
lts
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
f
o
llo
ws
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
f
i
r
s
t
o
n
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
.
W
e
s
tar
ted
f
ir
s
t
with
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
wh
ich
d
e
al
with
s
u
b
jectiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
ex
it
with
th
o
s
e
wh
ich
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
o
b
jectiv
e
ev
a
lu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
ar
t
wh
ich
will
b
e
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
o
u
r
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
is
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
.
I
f
lau
d
ato
r
y
r
esu
lts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
e
d
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
r
esea
r
ch
with
th
e
s
o
le
aim
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
Qo
S
,
th
e
co
m
p
lain
ts
r
e
m
ain
c
o
n
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
it
is
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
we
o
f
f
er
th
is
o
th
e
r
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
Qo
S
wh
ic
h
r
elies
o
n
d
ata
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
i
ts
to
o
ls
ca
p
ab
l
e
o
f
an
aly
zi
n
g
la
r
g
e
d
ata
a
n
d
wh
ich
co
u
ld
p
u
s
h
ac
to
r
s
to
ac
t m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
ly
[
1
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
wo
r
k
,
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t p
a
r
ts
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
:
W
e
will
p
r
esen
t
in
s
ec
tio
n
1
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
a
f
ter
,
s
ec
tio
n
2
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
b
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
k
e
y
r
esu
lts
,
th
eir
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
th
s
a
n
d
wea
k
n
ess
es
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
3
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
will
g
i
v
e
an
o
v
e
r
v
iew
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
al.
W
e
will
clo
s
e
with
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
wh
ich
will c
o
m
e
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
ities
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
co
n
clu
s
iv
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
A
B
O
UT
E
VA
L
UAT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
Q
O
S
I
N
M
O
B
I
L
E
T
E
L
E
P
H
O
NE
NE
T
WO
RK
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
r
v
ey
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
er
s
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
Qo
S
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
jectiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
,
[
2
]
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
ev
alu
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
(
Qo
E
)
is
th
e
o
n
e
th
at
was
u
s
ed
b
y
[
2
]
to
ass
ess
th
e
Qo
S
in
Af
g
h
an
is
tan
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
f
ir
s
t
u
s
es
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
m
eth
o
d
with
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
eo
p
le
in
Kab
u
l.
T
h
e
n
it
ex
te
n
d
s
to
1
5
1
5
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
er
s
.
On
ea
ch
s
h
ee
t
co
n
tain
in
g
1
5
m
u
ltip
le
-
c
h
o
ice
q
u
est
io
n
s
in
th
r
ee
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
la
n
g
u
ag
es
to
en
a
b
le
u
s
er
s
to
f
u
lly
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
,
it
ev
alu
ates
f
iv
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ts
n
etw
o
r
k
s
in
3
0
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
o
f
th
is
co
u
n
tr
y
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
io
d
Au
g
u
s
t
-
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
5
.
T
h
e
lim
ited
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
th
eir
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
e
tele
p
h
o
n
e
h
a
r
d
ly
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
an
y
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
.
I
n
v
iew
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
Qo
S
wh
ich
is
b
ased
m
o
r
e
o
n
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
er
v
ices
th
at
o
p
er
ato
r
s
o
f
f
er
t
o
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
r
etain
ed
as
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
Qo
S
,
it
is
n
o
t
th
e
o
n
e
u
s
ed
i
n
2
0
1
7
b
y
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
a
r
ticle,
th
eir
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
ex
p
lo
itin
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
n
etwo
r
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
(
NM
S)
an
d
an
al
y
zin
g
th
e
m
ain
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
Qo
S
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ce
llu
l
ar
n
etwo
r
k
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
r
ed
ee
m
e
d
C
h
r
is
tian
ch
u
r
ch
o
f
Go
d
(
R
C
C
G)
.
F
r
o
m
th
e
d
atab
ase
o
f
t
h
e
o
n
lin
e
o
p
er
ato
r
’
s
NM
S
,
ce
r
tain
s
er
v
ices
s
u
ch
as
s
er
v
ice
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
laten
cy
an
d
f
ailed
ca
ll
r
ate
ar
e
c
o
llected
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
n
g
r
ess
o
f
th
e
Ho
ly
Sp
ir
it
o
f
th
e
R
C
C
G
in
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
.
C
o
llectio
n
to
o
k
p
lace
b
et
wee
n
1
2
p
.
m
.
a
n
d
7
p
.
m
.
to
ass
ess
th
e
Qo
S
d
u
r
i
n
g
an
d
d
i
r
ec
tly
af
ter
th
e
co
n
g
r
ess
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llected
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
Nig
e
r
ian
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
e
(
NC
C
)
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
th
e
T
ab
le
1
f
r
o
m
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
[
3
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
R
C
C
G,
r
ed
em
p
tio
n
ca
m
p
lag
o
s
[
4
]
K
P
I
s
N
C
C
(
%)
N
o
r
mal
d
a
y
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
(
%)
S
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
e
v
e
n
t
s
(
%)
P
C
O
N
G
≤
2
.
0
0
%
0
.
8
3
2
6
.
5
2
P
C
TR
LFA
I
L
≤
1
.
2
0
%
1
.
8
7
3
2
.
9
7
P
D
R
O
P
≤
2
.
0
0
%
1
.
7
9
1
.
8
7
H
O
S
R
≥
9
9
.
0
0
%
6
3
.
6
0
4
0
.
5
0
C
S
S
R
≥
9
8
.
0
0
%
9
8
.
2
0
4
2
.
7
9
P
TTC
H
≥
9
8
.
5
0
%
1
0
0
.
0
0
8
8
.
7
3
Fro
m
th
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
it
a
p
p
ea
r
s
th
at
th
e
Qo
S
,
wh
ich
is
d
eg
r
a
d
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
g
r
ess
,
is
r
ath
er
ac
ce
p
tab
le
af
ter
th
e
co
n
g
r
ess
.
He
co
n
clu
d
es
th
at
th
e
ex
tr
em
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
p
eo
p
le
in
th
is
ar
ea
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
n
g
r
ess
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
Qo
S
an
d
th
at
b
ase
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
s
tatio
n
(
B
T
S
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
ed
to
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
lar
g
e
g
ath
er
in
g
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
,
h
o
wev
er
,
t
h
at
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
u
ch
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
6
:
1
28
-
1
39
130
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
,
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
d
ef
en
s
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
,
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
p
er
ato
r
s
is
n
o
t
ea
s
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le.
An
d
ev
en
if
t
h
ey
ar
e
a
v
ailab
l
e,
th
ey
ar
r
i
v
e
late
an
d
lack
c
r
ed
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
h
ad
alr
ea
d
y
p
u
s
h
ed
s
cien
tis
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
tellig
en
t
ag
e
n
ts
in
u
s
er
ter
m
in
als
in
o
r
d
er
to
ev
a
lu
ate
th
e
Qo
S
[
5
]
.
I
n
h
is
wo
r
k
,
Au
g
u
s
tin
R
ADU,
to
allo
w
th
e
u
s
er
to
b
e
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
,
f
i
r
s
t
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
wh
ich
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
GSM
)
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
h
e
ch
o
o
s
es
as
a
s
er
v
ice,
em
ail,
o
n
lin
e
s
er
v
ice
(
www)
,
v
id
e
o
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
.
Fro
m
h
is
p
h
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
h
e
ca
n
u
s
e
th
ese
s
er
v
ices,
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
s
an
in
tellig
en
t
ag
en
t
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
J
AVA
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
wh
ich
allo
ws
h
im
to
e
v
al
u
ate
th
ese
s
er
v
ices.
Ver
y
q
u
ick
ly
t
h
is
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
h
o
wed
its
lim
its
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lo
w
m
em
o
r
y
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
n
e
w
h
ich
c
o
u
ld
n
o
t
s
to
r
e
d
ata
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
with
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
t
o
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
g
en
er
atio
n
s
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
at,
th
e
ch
o
s
en
s
er
v
ices w
h
ich
ar
e
n
o
t th
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
es a
cu
s
to
m
er
u
s
es.
Face
d
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
g
r
ess
with
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
g
en
e
r
al
p
ac
k
et
r
ad
io
s
er
v
i
ce
(
GPR
S
)
,
u
n
iv
er
s
al
m
o
b
ile
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
UM
T
S
),
an
d
later
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ev
o
lu
tio
n
(
LTE
)
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
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[
6
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.
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am
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r
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ter
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L
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d
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ates
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g
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o
r
m
f
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aly
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eq
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ir
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.
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h
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ch
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in
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le
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h
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ar
ea
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th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
in
t
h
e
p
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am
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s
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two
test
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ty
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t su
f
f
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ass
ess
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Qo
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,
h
en
ce
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lim
its
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th
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s
t
u
d
y
.
W
ith
th
e
ar
r
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o
f
s
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ar
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o
f
d
ev
el
o
p
in
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An
d
r
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i
d
ap
p
licatio
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s
[
7
]
ca
p
ab
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f
m
ea
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r
in
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a
n
d
co
llectin
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m
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m
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estab
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h
m
en
t o
f
a
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f
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alu
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[
1
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wh
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led
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ev
elo
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an
An
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et
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m
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at
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r
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ar
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ased
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th
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tu
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ato
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tain
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t
h
o
s
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f
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llectin
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p
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r
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eter
s
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elatin
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to
n
etwo
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k
p
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f
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m
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t
h
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s
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ilit
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f
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ap
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ata
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a
n
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ile.
Fu
r
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to
th
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f
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atin
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eter
s
o
th
er
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an
th
e
R
SR
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an
d
s
av
in
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
a
s
er
v
er
was
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
2
0
1
8
[
8
]
.
I
n
h
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
ev
alu
ates
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
s
ix
n
etwo
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k
p
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f
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r
m
an
ce
p
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m
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s
wh
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ar
e
R
SR
P,
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
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r
ec
eiv
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q
u
ality
(
R
SR
Q
)
,
SIN
R
,
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
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s
tr
en
g
th
in
d
icato
r
(
R
SS
I
),
an
d
d
o
w
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lo
ad
(
DL
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(
u
p
an
d
d
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wn
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in
an
d
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d
a
s
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p
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n
ter
an
d
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
L
ag
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s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
[
6
]
a
r
ea
co
v
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s
th
e
U
n
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s
ity
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f
L
ag
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s
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ase
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tatio
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1
(
B
S
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,
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k
o
r
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d
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(
B
S
2
)
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d
On
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(
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S
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.
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h
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d
is
tan
ce
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etwe
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r
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ab
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f
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it
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r
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tak
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f
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with
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1
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m
.
T
o
p
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f
o
r
m
th
e
m
ea
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u
r
em
en
ts
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
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ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
o
f
[
8
]
u
s
es
a
co
m
p
u
ter
i
n
wh
ich
is
in
s
talled
GE
NE
X
PR
OB
E
test
s
o
f
twar
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co
m
p
atib
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with
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4
t
h
g
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er
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telep
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e
o
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Hu
awe
i
m
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el
E
3
9
2
t
y
p
e
co
n
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ted
to
th
e
co
m
p
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ter
.
All
th
is
eq
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ip
m
e
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t
is
p
lace
d
in
a
v
eh
icle
wh
ic
h
h
a
s
a
r
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eiv
in
g
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ten
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o
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ap
p
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x
im
ately
1
.
5
m
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itti
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g
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ten
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at
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4
6
d
B
.
T
h
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m
ea
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u
r
ed
d
ata
is
ex
tr
ac
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
MA
PIn
f
o
to
o
l
an
d
th
e
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tatis
tical
an
aly
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is
is
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o
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e
u
s
in
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MA
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AB
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T
h
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d
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llected
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d
th
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p
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with
th
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ity
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Ho
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f
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th
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au
th
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it is
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ev
alu
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im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
Qo
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e
v
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f
h
is
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r
k
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C
o
n
tin
u
in
g
in
th
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s
am
e
v
ei
n
a
s
[
7
]
an
d
n
o
t
f
ar
f
r
o
m
[
8
]
,
in
2
0
1
8
[
9
]
was
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
h
is
ap
p
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h
is
to
ch
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ck
w
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it
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p
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le
to
ev
alu
ate
th
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R
SR
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o
f
a
n
etwo
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r
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m
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An
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to
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o
r
s
at
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
6
0
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
/s
ec
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
es
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
g
en
er
ated
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
I
n
d
o
o
r
s
,
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e
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lts
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h
o
w
th
at
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h
o
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B
h
as
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o
d
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ep
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n
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ality
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p
h
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e
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b
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o
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n
d
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.
3
1
d
B
,
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t p
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o
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e
A
h
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b
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tan
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ar
d
d
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iatio
n
th
a
n
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h
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p
r
o
o
f
th
at
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h
o
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A
is
m
o
r
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s
tab
le
th
an
p
h
o
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e
A.
B
.
Ou
td
o
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r
s
,
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e
s
am
e
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
r
ep
ea
ts
its
elf
,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
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e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
it
is
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o
s
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i
b
le
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ev
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ate
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ar
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eter
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r
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m
a
n
An
d
r
o
id
a
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p
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n
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s
talled
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telep
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e.
Ho
we
v
er
,
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e
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
e
in
r
es
u
lts
o
b
tain
ed
with
th
e
p
h
o
n
e
s
h
o
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th
at
th
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ar
e
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o
m
e
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r
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e
b
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g
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o
r
e
s
tab
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th
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o
th
er
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it is
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th
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alu
atin
g
th
e
q
u
ali
ty
o
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th
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p
h
o
n
e
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ir
s
t b
ef
o
r
e
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o
m
m
itti
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g
.
I
n
th
e
lo
g
ic
o
f
co
n
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ir
m
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g
th
e
p
o
s
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atin
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er
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r
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r
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m
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An
d
r
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in
s
talled
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ter
m
in
al,
in
2
0
1
8
is
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
its
o
b
jectiv
es,
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
r
ese
ar
ch
er
s
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
A
n
d
r
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id
a
p
p
licatio
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ca
lled
L
T
E
NetSca
n
wh
ich
it
in
s
talls
in
two
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s
u
n
g
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S7
b
r
a
n
d
p
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d
t
h
e
L
G
K2
0
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
e
v
er
s
io
n
(
An
d
r
o
i
d
7
.
1
)
.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
er
v
in
g
ce
ll
with
th
e
u
s
er
ter
m
in
al
an
d
th
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
KPI
with
th
e
s
ca
n
n
er
is
d
o
n
e
as sh
o
w
n
in
th
e
F
ig
u
r
e
2
a
p
p
ea
r
e
d
in
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
He
ch
o
s
e
th
e
lo
ca
lity
o
f
Me
l
b
o
u
r
n
e
in
W
est
Flo
r
id
a
as
th
e
s
tu
d
y
a
r
ea
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
r
elatin
g
o
n
ly
to
t
h
e
R
SR
P
ar
e
m
ad
e
in
d
o
o
r
s
an
d
o
u
td
o
o
r
s
.
T
o
co
n
f
ir
m
h
is
r
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lts
,
h
e
co
m
p
ar
es
th
em
to
th
o
s
e
m
ad
e
with
a
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
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wk
b
r
an
d
s
ca
n
n
er
.
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r
in
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two
d
a
y
s
o
f
co
llectio
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in
th
is
r
u
r
al
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f
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p
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o
x
im
ately
2
0
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0
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m
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a
f
lat
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v
ir
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m
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t
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o
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itio
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s
ar
e
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o
n
s
tan
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to
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v
a
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s
an
d
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ad
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g
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ch
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f
ec
ts
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
co
n
d
u
cts h
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
MA
T
L
AB
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
o
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
with
th
e
s
ca
n
n
er
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
s
im
ilar
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ev
alu
ati
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
T
E
NetSca
n
a
p
p
licatio
n
with
a
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
a
r
e
d
ev
iatio
n
(
R
SME
)
o
f
3
d
B
.
T
h
is
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
te
d
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
An
ten
n
a
p
o
s
itio
n
,
g
a
in
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
im
p
ac
t
r
ec
ep
tio
n
q
u
ality
.
B
u
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
e
v
a
lu
ate
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
a
n
t
h
e
R
SR
P
to
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
f
ir
m
h
is
r
esu
lts
.
Seek
in
g
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
id
ea
t
h
at
p
o
s
itio
n
ca
n
im
p
ac
t
r
ec
e
p
t
io
n
q
u
ality
,
a
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
a
r
esear
ch
er
in
Nig
er
ia,
th
is
t
im
e
o
n
th
e
GPR
S
an
d
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
p
ac
k
et
ac
ce
s
s
(
HPS
A
)
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
3
]
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
th
r
ee
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
r
ee
s
ites
,
n
am
el
y
th
e
h
ea
d
q
u
a
r
ter
s
,
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
n
am
ed
A,
B
,
an
d
C
.
Fo
r
6
0
d
ay
s
,
d
ata
is
co
llected
b
etwe
en
7
a.
m
.
-
8
a.
m
.
,
1
p
.
m
.
-
2
p
.
m
.
,
a
n
d
7
p
.
m
.
-
8
p
.
m
.
u
s
in
g
a
T
ec
n
o
Y6
u
s
e
r
ter
m
in
al
in
wh
ich
th
e
C
ellI
n
f
o
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licat
io
n
is
lo
ca
ted
.
T
h
e
c
o
llected
d
ata
is
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
tatis
tic
p
ac
k
ag
e
f
o
r
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
(
SP
S
S
)
s
tatis
t
ical
to
o
l
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
i
s
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
to
g
en
er
ate
g
r
a
p
h
s
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
in
ten
s
ities
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
i
n
t
wo
p
h
ases
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
ea
ch
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
a
s
tati
s
tical
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
in
ten
s
ities
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
et
wo
r
k
s
co
llected
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ea
ch
n
etwo
r
k
h
as
th
e
b
est
s
ig
n
al
in
its
co
llectio
n
ar
ea
an
d
th
at
th
e
q
u
ality
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e
p
e
n
d
s
o
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th
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d
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n
s
ity
.
W
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p
u
s
h
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th
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r
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ch
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th
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A
P
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R
R
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D
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p
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a
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b
a
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d
P
r
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c
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s
s
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
6
:
1
28
-
1
39
132
th
e
s
ig
n
al
in
ten
s
ity
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
th
eir
h
o
m
e
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
o
n
tim
e.
So
m
e
lim
its
ar
e
r
ev
ea
led
in
its
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
esp
ec
ially
with
th
e
en
tr
y
o
n
to
th
e
s
ce
n
e
o
f
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
lo
g
ic
o
f
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
in
a
GSM
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
v
e
r
if
y
in
g
t
h
is
q
u
ality
wh
ich
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
tim
e,
was
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
t
h
e
s
am
e
y
ea
r
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
co
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
f
o
u
r
G
SM
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
n
am
ely
MT
N
Nig
er
ia,
Air
tel,
Glo
b
ac
o
m
,
an
d
E
tis
alat
in
th
e
lo
ca
lity
o
f
Og
o
n
i
in
th
e
S
o
u
th
-
So
u
t
h
o
f
Nig
er
ia.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
last
ed
f
iv
e
d
ay
s
with
one
-
h
o
u
r
in
ter
v
als.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
h
is
o
b
jectiv
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
as e
q
u
ip
m
en
t:
−
A
T
ec
n
o
D3
b
r
an
d
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e
with
th
e
C
ellI
n
f
o
ap
p
licatio
n
p
lace
d
1
.
5
m
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
o
b
e
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
h
eig
h
t o
f
a
u
s
er
.
I
t simu
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
m
ea
s
u
r
es t
h
e
in
ten
s
ities
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t n
etwo
r
k
s
;
−
A
GSM
s
ig
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
an
aly
ze
R
SS
I
an
d
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
;
−
A
lap
to
p
.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
d
ata
is
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
u
s
in
g
Gr
ap
h
Pad
Prism
7
.
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
is
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
g
r
ap
h
s
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
q
u
an
titi
es
v
er
s
u
s
tim
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
etwo
r
k
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ea
c
h
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
v
iew
o
f
th
e
co
llectio
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
co
n
clu
d
es
th
at
MT
N
wh
ich
h
as
t
h
e
b
est
in
te
n
s
ity
also
h
as
th
e
b
est
n
etwo
r
k
b
u
t
ad
d
s
t
h
at
d
u
r
in
g
o
f
f
-
p
e
ak
h
o
u
r
s
th
e
s
ig
n
al
in
ten
s
ity
is
af
f
ec
ted
an
d
th
at
th
e
f
lo
w
v
ar
ies
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
tim
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
em
ain
s
l
im
ited
to
a
s
in
g
le
p
ar
am
eter
,
a
s
in
g
le
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
al
ar
ea
an
d
o
n
ly
th
e
GSM
n
etwo
r
k
.
Usi
n
g
a
s
im
ilar
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
u
t
th
is
tim
e
to
tack
le
th
e
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
,
th
e
s
am
e
y
ea
r
s
aw
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
lo
ca
liti
es
ch
o
s
en
ar
e
lo
ca
te
d
in
th
e
So
u
t
h
E
ast o
f
Nig
er
ia.
Fo
r
ea
ch
lo
ca
lity
,
t
h
e
co
llectio
n
last
ed
eig
h
t
d
ay
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
two
GI
ONE
E
M5
b
r
an
d
p
h
o
n
es
in
wh
ich
th
e
C
ellI
n
f
o
ap
p
licatio
n
is
in
s
talled
to
o
k
p
lace
b
etwe
en
Au
g
u
s
t
1
8
an
d
Sep
tem
b
er
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
T
h
e
c
o
lle
ctio
n
to
o
k
p
lace
in
th
e
ce
n
ter
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
v
illag
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
an
d
at
n
ig
h
t
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
es.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
ab
le
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
in
te
n
s
ities
o
f
th
e
L
T
E
,
wid
eb
a
n
d
c
o
d
e
d
i
v
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
(
W
C
DM
A
)
,
C
DM
A
,
an
d
GSM
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
e
co
llectio
n
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
l
y
o
n
th
e
GSM
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ev
alu
ated
ar
e
Aitel
,
Glo
b
ac
o
m
,
MT
N
,
a
n
d
9
Mo
b
ile.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
is
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
d
eter
m
in
es
t
h
e
GSM
co
v
er
ag
e,
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
th
ese
lo
ca
liti
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
r
ev
ea
l
t
h
at
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
in
ce
r
tain
lo
ca
liti
es
is
n
o
n
-
e
x
is
ten
t,
it
is
a
litt
le
p
r
es
en
t
in
th
e
lo
ca
liti
es
wh
er
e
th
e
d
en
s
ity
is
a
litt
le
h
i
g
h
with
a
lev
el
o
f
co
v
er
a
g
e
also
a
litt
le
h
ig
h
er
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lim
ited
to
GSM,
we
ca
n
n
o
t
co
n
cl
u
d
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
w
co
v
er
a
g
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
a
r
e
o
th
e
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
L
T
E
)
in
th
is
ar
ea
wh
ich
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
ev
alu
ate
d
,
h
en
ce
th
i
s
n
ew
p
u
b
licatio
n
in
2
0
2
0
wh
ich
d
ea
ls
with
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
o
f
an
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
f
r
o
m
a
n
An
d
r
o
id
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
ca
lled
C
o
v
er
Me
i
n
s
talled
in
a
GM
8
m
o
b
ile
t
er
m
in
al
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t in
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
o
f
I
s
p
ar
ta
is
d
o
n
e
in
tw
o
way
s
:
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
ce
s
s
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
R
S
R
P b
y
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
s
ca
n
n
er
T
h
e
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
c
o
lle
ctio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
iag
r
am
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
o
f
[
1
5
]
.
Au
to
m
atica
lly
p
ass
iv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
is
s
av
ed
in
SQLlite
with
o
u
t
click
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
with
th
e
r
ec
eip
t o
f
a
m
ess
ag
e
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
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f m
o
b
ile
telep
h
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n
e
n
etw
o
r
ks:
liter
a
tu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
P
a
s
ca
l
V
a
la
n
d
i
)
133
B
y
click
in
g
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
in
t
h
e
latter
ca
s
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
wn
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ad
s
a
1
0
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f
ile
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d
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iv
id
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it
b
y
tim
e
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
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o
wn
lo
ad
s
p
ee
d
.
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f
o
r
laten
cy
,
it
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
u
s
in
g
Pin
g
an
d
is
u
s
ed
j
u
s
t
to
c
o
n
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ir
m
th
e
p
r
ec
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io
n
d
u
r
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g
m
ea
s
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r
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8
5
%
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f
t
h
e
m
ea
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en
ts
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at
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ee
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o
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ar
o
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n
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4
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k
m
/h
,
i.e
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,
a
to
ta
l
o
f
1
1
8
6
R
SR
P,
R
SR
Q,
R
SS
I
,
an
d
C
Q
I
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
T
h
e
o
b
ject
is
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
es
o
f
R
SR
Q,
R
S
R
P,
R
SS
I
,
an
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
R
SS
NR
)
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
v
alu
es
with
t
h
e
d
o
wn
lo
ad
s
p
ee
d
[
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
we
r
ea
lize
th
at
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
ar
e
th
e
R
SS
I
an
d
th
e
R
SR
Q
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
th
e
d
ata
d
o
wn
lo
ad
s
p
ee
d
b
u
t
th
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ec
is
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ata
o
r
th
e
d
ata
r
ate.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
a
g
o
o
d
d
ata
r
ate
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
at
a
p
o
in
t w
h
er
e
th
e
R
SR
Q
is
l
o
w.
Desp
ite
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
v
an
ce
s
with
th
eir
lim
its
,
th
e
will
an
d
th
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
t
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
s
talled
in
a
ter
m
in
al,
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
p
u
ttin
g
th
e
u
s
er
a
t
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
is
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
er
e
was
talk
o
f
test
in
g
th
e
d
r
iv
e
test
(
DT
)
Sig
n
alDe
tect
ap
p
licatio
n
in
th
r
ee
ter
m
in
als,
n
am
ely
th
e
N
o
k
ia
6
,
th
e
Sam
s
u
n
g
A
-
6
a
n
d
th
e
Sam
s
u
n
g
S7
E
g
d
e.
I
n
t
h
ei
r
d
esig
n
,
th
e
t
h
r
ee
ter
m
in
als
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
p
h
o
n
e
to
an
o
th
er
wit
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
ter
f
ac
es.
T
h
e
c
o
llected
d
ata
is
s
im
u
lated
with
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
0
.
9
9
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
g
r
a
p
h
o
b
tain
ed
f
o
r
th
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
is
d
if
f
er
en
t,
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
p
ick
ed
u
p
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
o
n
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
twar
e,
s
o
m
eth
in
g
wh
ic
h
co
n
f
ir
m
s
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
.
He
co
n
clu
d
es th
at
b
e
f
o
r
e
e
v
alu
ati
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
with
th
e
DT
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
f
ir
s
t v
alid
ate
its
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
r
o
m
2
G
to
4
G
b
ein
g
m
a
d
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
r
o
m
ce
r
tain
ter
m
in
als
with
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
,
th
is
tim
e
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
ar
e
tack
lin
g
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
2
0
2
1
,
m
a
d
e
o
n
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
3
G
an
d
4
G
in
I
b
r
a
C
ity
in
Om
an
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
f
r
o
m
an
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
Gy
o
k
o
v
So
lu
tio
n
ca
lled
G
-
Net
t
r
ac
k
in
s
talled
in
two
Sam
s
u
n
g
Gal
ax
y
co
llects
R
SR
P,
R
SR
Q,
C
QI
,
d
o
wn
an
d
u
p
lo
a
d
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
p
e
r
ato
r
,
n
am
el
y
Om
an
tel
an
d
Oo
r
ed
o
o
.
T
h
e
d
o
wn
lo
ad
f
ile
weig
h
s
o
n
e
Gig
ab
it.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
two
t
er
m
in
als
f
ix
ed
i
n
a
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/h
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eth
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d
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o
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llect
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d
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aly
s
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ata
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Fig
u
r
e
4
i
n
[
1
7
]
is
n
o
t v
e
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y
d
if
f
er
en
t t
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an
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
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an
d
o
v
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a
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d
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eselectio
n
o
f
ce
lls
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e
also
r
ec
o
r
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ed
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u
r
in
g
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C
o
n
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am
eter
s
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llected
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u
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r
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n
etwo
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G
an
d
at
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m
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s
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m
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t
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es
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a
g
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o
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s
ig
n
al
lev
el
an
d
a
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o
d
d
ata
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ate.
Fo
r
th
e
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u
th
o
r
,
th
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g
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o
d
Q
o
S
f
r
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m
ea
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er
at
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en
t f
ac
to
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m
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er
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f
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ites
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th
e
n
u
m
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e
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an
d
t
y
p
e
o
f
ac
tiv
e
s
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b
s
cr
ib
er
s
.
All
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
ts
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e
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ata
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ate
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n
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e
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tly
d
eg
r
a
d
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
h
e
n
o
tes
as
a
lim
itatio
n
o
f
h
is
wo
r
k
:
M
o
b
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m
e
a
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t
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N
o
d
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a
t
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p
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r
S
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D
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b
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s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
6
:
1
28
-
1
39
134
−
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
o
f
its
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
;
−
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t (
o
u
td
o
o
r
)
;
−
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
test
p
er
io
d
(
p
ea
k
tim
e)
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
lo
w
d
em
an
d
at
t
h
is
tim
e;
−
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
ice
(
web
p
ag
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y
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u
ca
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t
r
y
v
o
ice
o
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v
id
e
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s
tr
ea
m
in
g
.
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o
ad
d
m
o
r
e
to
h
is
wo
r
k
,
an
o
th
er
ar
ticle
is
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
[
1
8
]
.
Fo
r
th
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
Po
lis
h
ca
p
ital,
W
ar
s
a
w,
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
w
o
r
k
in
g
g
r
o
u
p
is
wo
r
k
in
g
o
n
t
wo
o
p
er
ato
r
s
an
d
is
in
ter
ested
in
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
v
o
ice
ca
lls
,
v
id
e
o
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
a
n
d
we
b
p
ag
e
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
in
g
[
1
8
]
.
Of
t
h
e
two
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
o
n
e
u
s
e
s
UM
T
S a
n
d
L
T
E
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
ly
L
T
E
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gen
e
r
al
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
a
n
d
a
n
aly
s
is
I
n
s
ev
er
al
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
,
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
ca
m
p
ai
g
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
b
o
th
u
r
b
an
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
[
1
8
]
.
A
Sam
s
u
n
g
Gala
x
y
M
2
0
e
q
u
i
p
p
ed
with
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
a
p
p
licatio
n
was
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
R
S
R
P,
SIN
R
,
an
d
R
SR
Q,
wh
ile
a
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ca
n
n
er
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
ev
al
u
ate
s
ig
n
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
tr
en
g
th
,
o
v
er
all
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
,
an
d
r
ad
io
ch
an
n
el
q
u
ality
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
en
ab
led
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
Q
o
S
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
a
n
etwo
r
k
in
teg
r
atin
g
m
u
ltip
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
n
am
ely
UM
T
S
an
d
L
T
E
,
r
ev
ea
ls
a
lo
wer
lev
el
o
f
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
a
n
e
two
r
k
o
p
e
r
atin
g
e
x
clu
s
iv
ely
o
n
L
T
E
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
UM
T
S
r
eso
u
r
c
es
ar
e
o
cc
asio
n
ally
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
L
T
E
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
th
e
Qo
S
o
f
th
e
o
p
e
r
ato
r
u
s
in
g
o
n
ly
L
T
E
i
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
,
as
d
u
r
in
g
DT
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
h
an
d
o
v
er
s
b
etwe
en
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
o
th
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ailed
o
r
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
ca
lls
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
in
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
p
er
a
tin
g
with
a
s
in
g
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
ev
alu
atin
g
Qo
S
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
an
d
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
e
two
r
k
s
[
1
8
]
.
W
h
en
a
m
u
lti
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
n
etw
o
r
k
(
UM
T
S
an
d
L
T
E
)
en
co
u
n
ter
s
d
if
f
icu
lties
d
u
r
in
g
h
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
s
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
r
elev
a
n
t
to
f
o
cu
s
th
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
o
n
th
e
UM
T
S
n
etwo
r
k
,
esp
ec
ially
s
in
ce
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
alr
ea
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
L
T
E
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
r
atio
n
ale
led
to
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
i
es
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
UM
T
S
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
MT
N,
Glo
b
ac
o
m
,
Air
tel,
an
d
9
Mo
b
ile)
in
C
alab
ar
,
Nig
er
ia.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
e
tu
p
u
s
ed
is
s
im
ilar
to
th
at
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
SIM
ca
r
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
u
r
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
as
well
as
a
lap
to
p
f
o
r
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
T
E
MS
d
is
co
v
e
r
y
s
o
f
twar
e
[
1
9
]
an
d
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
llected
d
ata
wer
e
an
al
y
ze
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
tab
les
an
d
f
ig
u
r
es,
af
ter
wh
ich
th
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
o
s
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
NC
C
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
t
o
id
e
n
tify
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
wi
th
th
e
b
est
k
ey
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
(
KPI
s
)
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ar
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
NC
C
r
esu
lts
;
h
o
wev
er
,
it
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
p
t
im
ize
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
n
ew
g
en
e
r
atio
n
s
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
er
ca
p
ac
ity
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
th
ey
s
till
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
eg
u
lar
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
,
a
s
co
m
p
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r
elate
d
S
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V
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C
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L
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t
a
V
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a
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A
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b
a
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C
o
l
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c
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f m
o
b
ile
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etw
o
r
ks:
liter
a
tu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
P
a
s
ca
l
V
a
la
n
d
i
)
135
to
Qo
S
r
em
ain
wid
esp
r
ea
d
.
A
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
2
0
2
3
[
2
1
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
e
v
alu
ati
o
n
o
f
Qo
S
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
o
f
th
r
ee
L
T
E
o
p
er
ato
r
s
(
lab
el
ed
1
,
2
,
a
n
d
3
)
i
n
Naja
f
city
,
I
r
aq
.
Usi
n
g
a
DT
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ass
ess
ed
th
e
KPI
s
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
o
p
er
a
to
r
s
o
p
er
atin
g
o
n
th
e
1
,
8
0
0
MH
z
b
an
d
with
a
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
2
0
MH
z.
Data
c
o
llectio
n
in
clu
d
ed
R
SS
I
,
SIN
R
,
R
SR
P,
R
SR
Q,
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ac
r
o
s
s
3
7
7
ce
lls
lo
ca
ted
alo
n
g
a
1
9
k
m
r
o
u
te,
with
th
e
test
v
eh
icle
m
o
v
in
g
at
an
a
v
er
ag
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
0
k
m
/h
.
T
o
o
b
tain
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
KPI
s
wa
s
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
an
k
s
to
SP
S
S,
MA
T
L
AB
an
d
PYTH
ON.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
KPI
s
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
ar
e
g
o
o
d
with
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
s
tan
d
in
g
o
u
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
s
.
Desp
ite
th
is
d
esire
to
ad
v
an
ce
s
cien
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
wa
s
lim
ited
to
ce
r
tain
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
at
a
s
in
g
le
h
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
d
ay
an
d
in
m
o
b
ili
ty
with
o
u
t
also
tak
in
g
d
e
n
s
ity
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
[
2
1
]
.
KPI
an
aly
s
is
was p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
,
MA
T
L
A
B
,
an
d
Py
th
o
n
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
o
p
er
ato
r
s
is
g
en
er
ally
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
,
with
o
n
e
o
p
er
ato
r
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
o
th
er
s
.
Desp
ite
its
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
s
cien
tific
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
ce
r
tain
lim
itatio
n
s
,
n
o
tab
ly
its
f
o
cu
s
o
n
a
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
,
a
s
in
g
le
tim
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
d
a
y
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
ly
i
n
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
with
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
u
s
er
d
en
s
ity
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
es
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
a
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tu
d
y
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
2
0
2
3
[
2
2
]
aim
ed
to
an
aly
ze
MBB
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
o
u
t
d
ir
ec
tly
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
ev
alu
ated
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
C
o
n
d
u
cted
in
C
y
b
er
jay
a
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
—
a
city
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
s
m
ar
t
city
d
u
e
to
its
a
d
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
—
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ass
es
s
ed
f
iv
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
(
Ma
x
i
s
,
C
elco
m
,
Dig
i,
Um
o
b
ile,
an
d
Un
if
i)
,
lab
ele
d
A,
B
,
C
,
D,
an
d
E
,
o
p
er
atin
g
o
n
3
G
an
d
4
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
2
]
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
d
r
iv
e
test
s
in
clu
d
ed
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ate,
an
d
p
in
g
,
with
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
R
S
R
P,
R
S
R
Q,
an
d
SN
R
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
n
An
d
r
o
i
d
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
Gy
o
k
o
v
So
lu
tio
n
s
,
in
s
talled
o
n
an
OPPO
F1
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e,
with
a
d
ata
f
ile
s
i
ze
o
f
1
GB
.
Data
co
llectio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
two
k
ey
p
e
r
io
d
s
o
f
th
e
d
ay
—
b
etwe
en
7
:
0
0
a.
m
.
an
d
8
:0
0
a.
m
.
,
a
n
d
b
etwe
en
2
:
0
0
p
.
m
.
an
d
4
:0
0
p
.
m
.
—
u
s
in
g
a
v
e
h
icle
tr
av
elin
g
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
7
0
k
m
/h
.
I
n
d
o
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
th
r
ee
f
lo
o
r
s
o
f
a
b
u
ild
i
n
g
s
er
v
in
g
as
th
e
city
’
s
ce
n
tr
al
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
m
all.
I
n
d
o
o
r
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
f
iv
e
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
o
o
d
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
an
d
ac
c
ep
tab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
wh
ich
co
u
l
d
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
in
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
s
ites
[
2
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
h
ig
h
e
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
u
s
ed
b
y
5
G
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
g
r
ea
te
r
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
lo
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
u
ild
in
g
m
ater
ials
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
4
G
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
Ou
td
o
o
r
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
SIN
R
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
o
i
s
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
.
M
o
s
t
o
p
er
ato
r
s
ac
h
iev
ed
d
ata
r
ates
o
f
u
p
t
o
2
0
M
b
p
s
with
a
cc
ep
t
ab
le
SIN
R
an
d
p
in
g
v
al
u
es,
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
4
G
co
v
er
ag
e
alo
n
g
th
e
test
r
o
u
te.
Desp
ite
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
a
d
d
r
es
s
s
er
v
ices
s
u
ch
as
v
id
eo
s
tr
ea
m
in
g
,
web
b
r
o
wsi
n
g
,
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
o
r
b
illi
n
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
was
lim
ited
to
a
s
in
g
le
s
tu
d
y
ar
ea
an
d
d
id
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
e
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
s
h
ar
i
n
g
,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
f
u
tu
r
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
W
ith
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
we
ar
e
n
o
w
witn
ess
in
g
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
d
ata
s
cien
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
d
ata
r
elatin
g
t
o
n
e
two
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
iv
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
in
ter
est
an
d
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
ata
s
cien
ce
in
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
o
p
er
at
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
ese
g
lo
win
g
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
f
u
tu
r
e
ev
alu
atio
n
wo
r
k
.
Fo
r
ass
u
r
ed
q
u
ality
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
r
eg
u
l
ar
ly
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
Qo
S
is
v
er
y
n
ec
ess
ar
y
b
y
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
.
As
n
etwo
r
k
s
ev
o
lv
e,
th
e
s
er
v
ices
r
eq
u
ested
also
in
cr
ea
s
e,
wh
ich
g
en
er
ates
n
ew
co
n
t
r
ac
ts
b
etwe
en
o
p
er
ato
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
eg
u
lat
o
r
an
d
b
etwe
en
o
p
er
ato
r
s
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
.
I
f
th
is
is
th
e
ca
s
e,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
er
m
an
en
t a
n
d
f
o
llo
w
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
b
u
t th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
an
d
n
ew
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
,
h
e
n
ce
o
u
r
p
e
n
ch
an
t
f
o
r
th
is
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
C
am
er
o
o
n
wh
e
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
lain
ts
ar
e
p
aten
t
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
’
d
ata
lack
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
wh
e
r
e
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
is
ir
r
eg
u
lar
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
co
s
tly
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
e
g
u
lato
r
[
1
]
.
T
o
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
is
o
b
jectiv
e,
it
will
b
e
a
q
u
esti
o
n
f
o
r
u
s
o
f
r
ely
in
g
o
n
th
e
e
x
is
ten
tial
b
y
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
with
a
n
o
b
jectiv
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Qo
S
o
f
t
h
e
te
lep
h
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
KPI
s
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
ar
e
th
o
s
e
r
etain
e
d
b
y
th
e
r
e
g
u
lato
r
an
d
wh
i
ch
f
all
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
[
2
4
]
.
Mo
r
e
p
r
ec
is
el
y
,
it
will
b
e
a
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
a
u
s
e
r
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
UE
)
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
ec
is
ely
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
b
y
v
alid
atin
g
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
test
s
with
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ca
n
n
e
r
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
An
d
r
o
id
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
in
s
talled
in
th
is
p
h
o
n
e
t
o
co
n
tin
u
e
to
co
llect
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
.
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wi
th
o
th
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
th
e
co
llectio
n
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
ter
m
in
al,
o
v
er
a
lo
n
g
p
er
i
o
d
(
at
least
s
i
x
m
o
n
th
s
,
d
ay
a
n
d
n
ig
h
t
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
clim
atic
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
ea
c
h
s
e
aso
n
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
tak
en
w
ill
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
ter
m
in
al
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
co
m
m
a
s
ep
ar
ate
d
v
al
u
es
(
C
SV
)
ex
ten
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
will
b
e
to
an
al
y
ze
th
ese
i
n
d
icato
r
s
u
s
in
g
d
ata
s
cien
ce
to
o
ls
.
Fo
r
th
is
an
aly
s
is
p
h
ase,
we
will
u
s
e
Py
th
o
n
to
wr
ite
o
u
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
its
lib
r
ar
y
will b
e
u
s
ed
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
41
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
6
:
1
28
-
1
39
136
g
en
er
ate
th
e
f
ig
u
r
es a
n
d
s
tatis
t
ics
as
s
tated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fo
r
a
s
o
m
ewh
at
g
lo
b
al
ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
will
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
r
u
r
al
an
d
u
r
b
a
n
ar
ea
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
p
er
m
an
en
t
o
r
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
d
e
n
s
ity
,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
s
tatio
n
er
y
a
n
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
n
o
u
r
r
o
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
ca
p
itals
o
f
th
e
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
t
o
r
r
e
g
io
n
,
b
o
r
d
er
ar
ea
s
will a
ls
o
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t to
ass
ess
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
in
lo
ca
liti
es b
o
r
d
e
r
in
g
o
t
h
er
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Data
co
llectio
n
,
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
5
]
4.
CO
M
P
ARA
T
I
V
E
AP
P
RO
A
CH
O
F
WO
RK
CO
NSUL
T
E
D
Sev
er
al
p
o
in
ts
in
co
m
m
o
n
ex
i
s
t b
etwe
en
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
r
ticle
s
s
elec
ted
.
−
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e:
it
is
a
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
ev
alu
atin
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
Qo
S
b
y
co
llectin
g
n
etwo
r
k
KPI
s.
−
T
h
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
u
s
ed
:
m
o
s
t
u
s
e
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
a
n
d
in
d
icato
r
co
llectio
n
,
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
o
r
ter
m
in
al
f
o
r
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
o
n
ly
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
s
o
f
twar
e
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
g
en
e
r
ate
th
e
f
ig
u
r
es.
−
Data
co
llectio
n
:
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
eir
o
b
jectiv
es,
d
ata
m
u
s
t
alwa
y
s
b
e
c
o
llected
.
I
t
is
d
o
n
e
eit
h
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Dr
iv
e
test
,
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es o
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
’
s
er
v
er
s
.
−
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
v
alu
es:
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
R
SR
P
an
d
R
SR
Q
v
alu
es
in
T
ab
le
2
o
f
[
2
6
]
,
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
ely
o
n
t
h
ese
v
alu
es to
ass
ess
t
h
e
Qo
S
[
2
6
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
tab
le
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
a
r
am
eter
v
alu
es
[
2
6
]
R
S
R
P
R
S
R
Q
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
≥
-
80
≥
-
9
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
F
a
st
a
n
d
l
o
s
sl
e
ss
-
8
0
t
o
-
90
-
9
t
o
-
10
G
o
o
d
F
a
st
a
n
d
l
o
s
sl
e
ss
-
9
0
t
o
-
100
-
1
0
t
o
-
15
N
o
r
mal
N
o
r
mal
l
y
a
l
i
t
t
l
e
l
o
n
g
e
r
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
-
1
0
0
t
o
-
1
2
0
-
1
5
t
o
-
20
B
a
d
Lo
n
g
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
,
l
o
w
d
a
t
a
s
p
e
e
d
,
≤
-
1
2
0
≤
-
20
V
e
r
y
b
a
d
M
a
y
n
o
t
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
V
E
CO
NS
I
DE
R
AT
I
O
N
I
n
v
iew
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
we
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
te
n
o
tab
le
ad
v
an
ce
s
co
n
c
er
n
in
g
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
Qo
S
.
T
o
d
a
y
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
o
r
u
s
er
is
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
.
W
ith
d
ata
s
cien
ce
h
elp
in
g
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
m
b
in
e
th
is
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
b
y
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
asp
ec
ts
lin
k
e
d
to
t
h
e
r
e
g
u
lar
ity
o
f
c
o
llectio
n
,
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
,
th
e
d
u
r
ati
o
n
o
f
co
llectio
n
an
d
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
to
o
l to
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
e
N
o
d
e
1
R
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
d
a
t
a
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
e
N
o
d
e
2
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
t
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
D
i
s
p
e
r
s
i
o
n
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
t
r
e
n
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
M
e
a
n
M
e
d
i
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
V
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
e
x
t
e
n
d
A
N
A
L
Y
S
I
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f m
o
b
ile
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etw
o
r
ks:
liter
a
tu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
P
a
s
ca
l
V
a
la
n
d
i
)
137
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Ou
r
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
s
h
ed
d
in
g
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
ar
ticles
wh
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
etwo
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
O
f
th
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
twen
ty
ar
ticles
s
elec
ted
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
im
ilar
ities
in
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ar
ticles
allo
wed
u
s
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es o
f
ea
ch
a
r
ticle.
I
t
is
with
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
th
at
i
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
we
ca
n
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Qo
S
o
f
m
o
b
ile
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
C
am
e
r
o
o
n
o
v
e
r
a
v
er
y
lo
n
g
p
er
io
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
ata
s
cien
ce
to
o
ls
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
th
at
we
will
h
av
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
a
ter
m
in
al
in
wh
ich
an
An
d
r
o
id
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
is
in
s
talled
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
will
a
l
lo
w
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
er
s
to
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
u
s
er
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
Q
o
S,
to
ev
alu
ate
at
a
lo
wer
co
s
t a
n
d
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t in
th
e
Qo
S.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
W
e
ex
ten
d
o
u
r
s
in
ce
r
e
th
an
k
s
to
all
o
u
r
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
at
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ma
r
o
u
a,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
o
cto
r
al
s
ch
o
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
Natio
n
al
Ad
v
an
ce
d
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
o
f
Ma
r
o
u
a,
f
o
r
th
eir
s
h
ar
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
in
g
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Pas
ca
l
Vala
n
d
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Djo
r
we
T
em
o
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Nso
u
an
d
ele
J
ea
n
L
u
c
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
T
s
am
a
E
lo
u
n
d
o
u
Pas
ca
l
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Do
k
r
o
m
Fr
o
u
m
s
ia
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
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n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
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-
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D
r
a
f
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:
W
r
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R
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v
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&
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d
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t
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Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
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z
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t
i
o
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Su
:
Su
p
e
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v
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s
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P
:
P
r
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j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
e
h
av
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t f
r
o
m
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als in
c
lu
d
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
e
r
ec
h
ea
r
c
h
r
elate
d
to
h
u
m
a
n
u
s
e
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
p
lied
with
all
th
e
r
elev
an
t
n
atio
n
al
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
ten
ets
o
n
Helsin
k
i
Dec
lar
atio
n
an
d
h
as
b
e
en
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
DATA AV
AI
L
I
B
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
a
u
th
o
r
.
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