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Ass
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pers
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16
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2
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Ch
a
tG
P
T
is
a
n
AI
-
d
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n
c
o
n
v
e
r
sa
ti
o
n
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l
m
o
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o
ffe
rin
g
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
b
e
n
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fit
s
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p
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n
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l
ize
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lea
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g
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c
h
a
s
a
d
a
p
tab
il
it
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i
n
d
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v
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a
l
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rn
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st
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a
n
d
i
n
c
re
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se
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e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
W
h
il
e
p
rio
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se
a
rc
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h
a
s
larg
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ly
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x
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se
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a
tt
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a
s
b
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e
n
g
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v
e
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to
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d
u
c
a
t
o
rs’
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e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
in
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t
n
a
m
,
wh
e
re
a
c
c
e
ss
to
Ch
a
tG
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T
re
m
a
in
s
in
c
o
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siste
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T
h
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d
y
e
x
a
m
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s
h
o
w
p
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d
i
n
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rm
a
ti
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q
u
a
li
ty
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,
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ste
m
q
u
a
li
t
y
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Q)
,
a
n
d
se
rv
ice
q
u
a
li
t
y
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S
RQ)
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
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tn
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m
e
se
e
d
u
c
a
to
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sa
ti
sfa
c
ti
o
n
(S
F
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a
n
d
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ten
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se
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Ch
a
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T
f
o
r
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
p
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rp
o
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s.
Da
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we
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g
a
th
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th
ro
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g
h
a
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o
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li
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r
v
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6
e
d
u
c
a
to
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fr
o
m
fi
v
e
p
u
b
l
ic
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n
iv
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e
s
in
so
u
th
e
r
n
Vie
tn
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m
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
u
sin
g
p
a
rti
a
l
lea
st
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u
a
re
s
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
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g
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LS
-
S
E
M
)
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lt
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t
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iate
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sa
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th
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x
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e
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d
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h
a
n
c
in
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q
u
it
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c
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ss
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ro
m
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ti
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g
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li
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c
y
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m
o
n
g
e
d
u
c
a
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n
d
c
o
n
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u
c
ti
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n
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g
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lu
a
ti
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s
to
su
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p
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r
t
su
sta
in
a
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h
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d
y
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ig
h
l
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g
h
ts
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sp
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ti
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l
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n
d
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tex
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a
l
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c
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c
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ti
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o
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ra
c
ti
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a
l
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n
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h
ts
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o
r
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teg
ra
ti
n
g
C
h
a
tG
P
T
a
n
d
sim
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r
to
o
ls,
e
sp
e
c
ially
in
u
n
d
e
r
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so
u
rc
e
d
o
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ra
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ica
ll
y
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m
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te ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
tt
in
g
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ad
o
p
tio
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in
te
n
tio
n
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
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ce
C
h
atGPT
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
Sy
s
tem
q
u
ality
User
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
Vietn
am
ese
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
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rticle
u
n
d
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r th
e
CC B
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SA
li
c
e
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se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
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u
y
en
T
h
i K
im
L
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Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
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n
d
u
s
tr
ial
Ma
n
ag
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en
t,
Asi
a
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aster
n
Un
iv
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s
ity
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
No
.
5
8
,
Sec.
2
,
Sich
u
a
n
R
d
.
,
B
an
q
iao
Dis
t.,
New
T
aip
ei
C
ity
2
2
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,
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aiwa
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ail:
n
tk
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m
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ae
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s
t.e
d
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.
tw
1.
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NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
life
r
atio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
tech
n
o
lo
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ies
h
as
r
ev
o
lu
tio
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ized
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
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s
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g
iv
in
g
r
is
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t
o
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tu
al
ass
is
tan
ts
l
ik
e
Siri
(
Ap
p
le)
an
d
Alex
a
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Am
az
o
n
)
.
T
h
e
r
em
ar
k
ab
le
g
r
o
wth
o
f
AI
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
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o
f
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lo
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al
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teg
r
atio
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an
d
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
d
ev
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m
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
,
is
u
n
s
u
r
p
r
is
in
g
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
in
n
o
v
at
iv
e
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
C
h
atGP
T
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
to
o
l.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
GPT
-
3
.
5
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
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y
Op
en
AI
,
it
u
tili
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s
ad
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ce
d
n
at
u
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
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p
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o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
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iq
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im
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late
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m
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v
id
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tailo
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d
r
esp
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to
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er
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Fo
r
in
s
tan
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it
s
im
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lifie
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m
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e
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als
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en
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ap
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tio
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ass
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u
itab
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m
ea
l p
lan
s
[
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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A
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imp
a
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o
f Ch
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(
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Th
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Th
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137
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
C
h
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ex
t
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d
s
to
ed
u
ca
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atic
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en
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to
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ak
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an
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m
o
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s
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[
2
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.
Ad
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tu
d
e
n
ts
[
3
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
b
en
e
f
i
ts
th
at
AI
o
f
f
er
s
u
s
er
s
,
its
r
o
l
e
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
em
ain
s
a
to
p
ic
o
f
d
eb
ate.
So
m
e
s
ee
AI
as
a
to
o
l
to
en
h
a
n
ce
lear
n
in
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
wo
r
k
lo
a
d
,
wh
ile
o
th
e
r
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
AI
a
n
d
C
h
atGPT
as
p
o
ten
tial
th
r
ea
ts
to
ac
ad
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
o
f
ch
ea
tin
g
an
d
p
lag
iar
is
m
[
4
]
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
c
r
u
cial
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
u
s
e
o
f
C
h
atGPT
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
tak
in
g
in
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
eth
ical
an
d
a
ca
d
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
its
u
tili
za
tio
n
[
5
]
.
E
x
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
eg
u
n
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
b
u
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
g
ap
s
r
em
ain
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Ma
h
esh
war
i
[
6
]
ex
am
in
e
d
C
h
atGPT
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
Vie
tn
am
ese
co
n
tex
t,
b
u
t
th
e
an
aly
s
is
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ath
er
t
h
an
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
Par
k
er
et
a
l.
[
7
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
C
h
atGPT
in
W
ester
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
wh
ile
Al
-
Mu
g
h
air
i
a
n
d
B
h
ask
ar
[
8
]
a
n
aly
ze
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
d
r
iv
er
s
am
o
n
g
teac
h
e
r
s
in
th
e
Mid
d
le
E
ast.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
th
e
b
r
ea
d
th
o
f
co
n
tex
ts
wh
er
e
C
h
atGPT
is
b
ein
g
s
tu
d
ied
,
y
et
th
ey
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
lack
o
f
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
n
h
o
w
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
in
Vietn
am
wh
er
e
d
i
g
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
r
ap
id
b
u
t
u
n
e
v
en
p
er
ce
iv
e
an
d
a
d
o
p
t
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
o
f
ill
th
is
g
ap
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
Vietn
am
ese
e
d
u
c
ato
r
s
an
d
ex
a
m
in
es
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
h
ap
in
g
th
eir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
(
SF
)
an
d
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
(
I
U)
C
h
atGPT
.
Gr
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
(
T
AM
)
,
it
e
x
p
lo
r
es
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
q
u
ality
(
I
Q)
,
s
y
s
tem
q
u
alit
y
(
SQ)
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
(
SR
Q)
,
as we
ll a
s
th
e
m
ed
iatin
g
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
SF
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
r
ee
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
−
Ho
w
d
o
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
SR
Q
in
f
lu
en
ce
SF
with
C
h
atGPT
?
−
Do
es
SF
m
ed
iate
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
ese
q
u
alities
an
d
IU
?
−
W
h
ich
f
ac
to
r
s
m
o
s
t stro
n
g
ly
p
r
ed
ict
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
am
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
?
B
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
n
o
v
el
in
s
ig
h
ts
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
f
o
cu
s
ed
C
h
atGPT
li
ter
atu
r
e.
I
t
ex
p
an
d
s
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
o
r
n
o
n
-
Vietn
am
ese
an
aly
s
es
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
a
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
ex
p
lo
r
ed
n
atio
n
al
co
n
te
x
t.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
f
er
v
alu
a
b
le
g
u
id
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
d
e
v
elo
p
er
s
s
ee
k
in
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
AI
-
ass
is
ted
teac
h
in
g
to
o
ls
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
teg
r
ate
C
h
atGPT
in
to
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
ac
tice.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Cha
t
G
P
T
in educa
t
io
n
C
h
atGPT
h
as
g
ain
ed
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
atten
tio
n
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
its
ab
ilit
y
to
g
en
er
ate
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
s
im
p
lify
in
g
le
ar
n
in
g
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Fo
r
o
u
g
h
i
et
a
l.
[
1
]
s
tu
d
ied
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
C
h
atGPT
,
wh
ile
B
ilq
u
is
e
et
a
l.
[
2
]
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
c
h
atb
o
ts
in
ac
ad
em
ic
ad
v
is
in
g
.
Ma
h
esh
war
i
[
6
]
e
x
am
in
ed
C
h
atGPT
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
Vietn
am
ese
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
.
W
h
ile
m
o
s
t
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asize
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
with
C
h
atGPT
,
f
ewe
r
ex
am
in
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
Stu
d
y
b
y
Par
k
er
et
a
l.
[
7
]
r
e
p
o
r
ted
o
n
g
r
ad
u
ate
teac
h
in
g
as
s
is
tan
ts
in
W
e
s
ter
n
co
n
tex
ts
,
wh
ile
Al
-
Mu
g
h
air
i
an
d
B
h
ask
ar
[
8
]
an
al
y
ze
d
tea
ch
er
s
’
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
th
e
Mid
d
l
e
E
ast,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
b
o
th
b
en
ef
its
an
d
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
.
Yet,
litt
le
i
s
k
n
o
wn
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
Vietn
am
p
er
ce
i
v
e
C
h
atGPT
o
r
h
o
w
tech
n
ical
q
u
ality
s
h
ap
es
th
eir
ad
o
p
tio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
at
g
ap
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
T
AM
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
h
o
w
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
SR
Q
af
f
ec
t V
ietn
am
ese
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
SF
an
d
IU
C
h
atGPT
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
26
:
1
36
-
1
45
138
2
.
2
.
I
nfluencing
f
a
ct
o
rs a
nd
hy
po
t
hes
is
dev
elo
pm
ent
2
.
2
.
1
.
I
nfo
rm
a
t
io
n qua
lity
(
I
Q
)
T
h
e
ter
m
I
Q
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
en
ess
,
tim
elin
ess
,
an
d
in
ter
r
elatio
n
o
f
d
ata
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
an
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tex
t,
I
Q
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
,
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
,
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
an
d
tim
elin
ess
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
C
h
atGPT
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
estab
lis
h
ed
a
r
eliab
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
e
twee
n
I
Q
an
d
u
s
er
SF
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Su
zian
ti
an
d
Par
am
ad
in
i
[
1
2
]
,
r
esear
c
h
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
I
Q
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
im
p
ac
tin
g
u
s
er
SF
with
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
I
Q
ca
n
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
as
in
d
iv
id
u
als
m
u
s
t
in
v
est
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
o
r
t
in
s
cr
u
tin
izin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
en
h
an
ce
d
I
Q
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
,
lead
in
g
to
e
n
h
an
ce
d
u
s
er
s
’
in
ten
tio
n
to
p
er
s
is
t
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
o
n
lin
e
b
a
n
k
in
g
s
er
v
ices [
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
we
h
y
p
o
t
h
esize
th
at:
−
H1
:
I
Q
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
SF
.
−
H2
:
I
Q
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
em
qu
a
lity
(
SQ
)
T
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
is
co
n
tin
g
en
t
u
p
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
s
’
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
as
d
elin
ea
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
an
aly
s
is
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
h
ases
.
W
ith
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
web
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
an
d
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
in
teg
r
ate
d
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
SQ
is
g
au
g
e
d
b
y
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
lin
ess
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e,
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
C
h
atGPT
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
ex
te
n
d
s
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
C
h
atGPT
s
y
s
tem
o
n
t
h
e
web
s
ite,
with
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
’
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
its
q
u
ality
.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
af
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
SQ
o
n
u
s
er
SF
an
d
I
U
e
-
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e’
s
a
d
ea
r
th
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
ass
es
s
in
g
h
o
w
SQ
im
p
ac
ts
u
s
er
SF
an
d
th
eir
willin
g
n
ess
to
u
s
e
C
h
atGPT
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
is
p
a
p
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
h
y
p
o
th
eses
:
−
H3
:
SQ p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
SF
.
−
H4
:
SQ p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
t
h
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
Serv
ice
qu
a
lity
(
SRQ
)
SR
Q
r
ef
lects
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
,
in
d
icativ
e
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
’
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
an
d
g
o
o
d
will [
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
SR
Q
as a
d
eter
m
in
an
t o
f
u
s
er
SF
is
well
-
estab
li
s
h
ed
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
I
ts
ca
p
ac
ity
to
m
ee
t
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
m
an
if
ested
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
in
ter
f
ac
e,
p
la
y
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
d
esig
n
th
at
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
s
u
s
er
co
n
ce
r
n
s
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
es
p
r
o
b
lem
s
p
r
o
m
p
tly
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
elev
ate
SR
Q,
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
e
n
h
an
cin
g
u
s
er
SF
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
an
I
U
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
we
p
o
s
it th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
h
y
p
o
th
eses
:
−
H5
: SR
Q
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
SF
.
−
H6
: SR
Q
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
.
2
.
2
.
4
.
Sa
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n
(
SF)
a
nd
inte
ntio
n
t
o
us
e
(
I
U)
SF
em
b
o
d
ies
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
s
en
tim
en
ts
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
a
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
[
2
6
]
.
Ak
d
im
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
its
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
as
a
d
eter
m
in
in
g
f
ac
to
r
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
u
s
er
s
’
I
U
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Acr
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
co
n
tex
ts
,
SF
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ly
em
er
g
es
as
a
cr
u
cial
f
ac
to
r
af
f
ec
tin
g
u
s
er
s
’
I
U
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
h
y
p
o
th
es
is
:
−
H7
:
SF
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
t
h
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
.
3.
RE
S
E
A
RCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
a
nd
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
3
.
1
.
1
M
ea
s
ures
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
C
h
atGPT
.
Scales
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
liter
atu
r
e.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
I
Q
w
as
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
7
item
s
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Ash
f
aq
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
a
n
d
SQ
was
ass
e
s
s
ed
with
3
item
s
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
Ab
b
asi
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
SR
Q
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
6
item
s
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
Ash
f
aq
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
SF
was
ev
al
u
ated
with
4
item
s
f
r
o
m
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
.
I
U
was
ass
es
s
ed
with
5
item
s
ad
ap
te
d
f
r
o
m
Ab
b
asi
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
.
E
a
ch
s
tatem
en
t
was
r
ated
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
e
r
t
-
ty
p
e
s
ca
le,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
=stro
n
g
l
y
d
is
ag
r
ee
t
o
5
=stro
n
g
ly
a
g
r
e
e.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
etails
o
n
th
e
v
ar
iab
les,
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
,
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
item
s
.
A
p
ilo
t
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
,
v
alid
ity
,
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
A
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
was
f
o
r
m
u
lated
t
o
en
c
o
m
p
ass
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
u
s
er
s
’
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
with
C
h
atGPT
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
wen
t
tr
an
s
latio
n
a
n
d
b
ac
k
-
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
b
y
ex
p
e
r
ts
p
r
o
f
icien
t
in
Vietn
am
ese
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
s
s
es
s
in
g
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
f Ch
a
tG
P
T in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
p
ers
p
ec
tives fr
o
m
V
ietn
a
mese
…
(
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i Th
u
Th
u
y
)
139
E
n
g
lis
h
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
n
d
er
wen
t
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
r
ev
iew
b
y
two
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
to
ass
es
s
its
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
,
v
alid
ity
,
clar
ity
,
an
d
r
ele
v
an
ce
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
er
,
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
a
s
m
all
co
h
o
r
t
o
f
teac
h
er
s
led
to
s
ev
er
al
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
to
th
e
wo
r
d
in
g
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
en
h
a
n
ce
d
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Deta
ils
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
item
s
La
t
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
M
a
n
i
f
e
st
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
S
t
u
d
y
IQ
I
Q
1
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
A
sh
f
a
q
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
I
Q
2
Th
r
o
u
g
h
C
h
a
t
G
P
T,
I
g
e
t
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
I
n
e
e
d
o
n
t
i
me
I
Q
3
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
i
n
a
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
mat
I
Q
4
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
c
l
e
a
r
I
Q
5
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
I
Q
6
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
u
p
-
to
-
d
a
t
e
I
Q
7
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
s
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
SQ
S
Q
1
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
si
t
e
i
s e
a
s
y
t
o
u
s
e
A
b
b
a
si
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
S
Q
2
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
sy
s
t
e
m
i
s
u
s
e
r
f
r
i
e
n
d
l
y
S
Q
3
I
f
i
n
d
i
t
e
a
s
y
t
o
g
e
t
t
o
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
t
o
se
a
r
c
h
w
h
a
t
I
w
a
n
t
i
t
t
o
d
o
S
R
Q
S
R
Q
1
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
h
a
s a
mo
d
e
r
n
-
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
A
sh
f
a
q
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
S
R
Q
2
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
t
o
m
y
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
S
R
Q
3
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
g
i
v
e
s m
e
a
p
r
o
m
p
t
r
e
sp
o
n
se
S
R
Q
4
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
h
a
s
v
i
s
u
a
l
l
y
a
p
p
e
a
l
i
n
g
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
S
R
Q
5
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
g
i
v
e
s m
e
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
S
R
Q
6
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
h
a
s a
n
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
t
o
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
my
n
e
e
d
s
SF
SF1
I
a
m g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
p
l
e
a
s
e
d
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
9
]
SF2
I
a
m v
e
r
y
sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
SF3
I
a
m h
a
p
p
y
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
SF4
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
,
I
a
m v
e
r
y
sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
IU
I
U
1
I
w
i
l
l
k
e
e
p
u
se
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
A
b
b
a
si
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
I
U
2
I
w
i
l
l
u
s
e
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
o
n
a
r
e
g
u
l
a
r
b
a
si
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
I
U
3
I
w
i
l
l
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
u
se
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
I
U
4
I
w
i
l
l
u
s
e
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
w
e
b
si
t
e
s
f
o
r
m
y
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
j
o
b
I
U
5
I
w
i
l
l
r
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
s t
o
u
se
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
3
.
1
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts a
nd
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
I
Q,
SQ,
an
d
SR
Q
o
n
u
s
er
SF
an
d
IU
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
Vietn
am
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
cl
u
d
ed
Vietn
am
ese
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
Data
co
llectio
n
u
tili
ze
d
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
m
eth
o
d
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
1
2
0
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
co
llected
,
with
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
lack
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
u
s
in
g
C
h
atGPT
b
ein
g
ex
clu
d
ed
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
d
ataset
co
m
p
r
is
ed
9
6
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es,
with
1
2
%
p
o
s
td
o
cto
r
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
7
0
% lec
tu
r
er
s
/in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
,
1
0
% a
s
s
i
s
tan
t p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
,
an
d
8
% p
u
r
s
u
in
g
ass
o
ciate
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
6
1
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
m
ale,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
6
3
.
5
4
%
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le,
wh
ile
3
5
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
f
em
ale,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
3
6
.
4
6
%.
Mo
s
t
lectu
r
er
s
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
wer
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
ag
es o
f
3
1
to
4
0
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
5
2
.
0
8
% o
f
th
e
t
o
tal.
Me
an
wh
ile,
3
2
.
2
9
% o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
u
n
d
er
3
0
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
est we
r
e
b
e
twee
n
4
1
to
5
0
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
3
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
l
y
s
is
a
nd
re
s
ult
s
Par
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
es
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
(
PLS
-
SE
M)
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
an
aly
tical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
ass
es
s
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el,
wit
h
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
Sm
ar
t
PLS
s
o
f
twar
e
v
er
s
io
n
3
.
0
.
PLS
-
SEM
is
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
ex
am
in
in
g
ca
u
s
al
r
elatio
n
m
o
d
els
an
d
n
a
v
i
g
atin
g
co
m
p
lex
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
[
3
0
]
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
PLS
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
was
ad
o
p
ted
,
with
5
0
0
0
s
u
b
s
am
p
les
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
test
in
g
,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
H
air
an
d
Alam
er
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
to
ascer
tain
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
l
ev
els
o
f
lo
ad
in
g
s
,
weig
h
ts
,
an
d
p
ath
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
with
in
th
e
m
o
d
el.
3
.
2
.
1
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
m
o
del a
s
s
es
s
m
ent
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el,
test
s
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
ity
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
I
n
itially
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a,
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
,
an
d
a
v
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
AV
E
)
wer
e
e
x
am
in
ed
to
estab
lis
h
co
n
v
er
g
en
t v
alid
ity
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hair
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a,
C
R
,
an
d
item
lo
ad
in
g
v
alu
es
s
h
o
u
ld
s
u
r
p
ass
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
0
.
7
,
wh
ile
th
e
AVE
v
alu
e
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
ce
ed
0
.
5
f
o
r
all
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
in
th
e
m
o
d
el.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
a
n
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
th
at
all
o
b
s
er
v
a
b
le
ite
m
s
h
ad
o
u
te
r
lo
ad
in
g
v
alu
es
a
b
o
v
e
0
.
7
.
T
h
e
5
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les
also
ac
h
iev
ed
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
a
lp
h
a
an
d
CR
co
ef
f
icien
ts
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
0
.
7
,
with
AVE
v
alu
es
ex
ce
ed
in
g
0
.
5
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
a
lid
ity
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
I
n
lin
e
with
r
ec
e
n
t
SEM
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
d
is
cr
im
in
a
n
t
v
alid
ity
was
f
u
r
t
h
er
ass
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
eter
o
tr
ait
-
m
o
n
o
tr
ait
(
HT
MT
)
r
atio
[
3
2
]
.
R
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
HT
MT
b
etwe
en
IQ
a
n
d
SR
Q
was
0
.
9
1
0
,
s
lig
h
tly
a
b
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
26
:
1
36
-
1
45
140
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
0
.
9
0
.
T
o
a
d
d
r
es
s
th
is
is
s
u
e,
th
e
d
ataset
was
r
e
-
ex
am
in
e
d
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
es
with
ze
r
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
item
s
o
f
th
ese
two
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
as
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
a
n
d
r
em
o
v
ed
.
Af
ter
ex
clu
d
in
g
s
ix
s
u
ch
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
,
th
e
HT
MT
v
alu
es
f
o
r
all
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
p
air
s
f
ell
with
in
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
i
ty
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
wa
s
r
e
-
test
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
o
f
all
item
s
wer
e
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
0
.
6
.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
an
d
CR
o
f
all
la
ten
t
v
ar
iab
les
wer
e
h
ig
h
er
th
an
0
.
8
an
d
th
e
AVE
v
alu
es
wer
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
5
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
HT
MT
v
alu
es
wer
e
less
th
an
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
0
.
9
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
,
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
t
a
n
d
d
i
v
er
g
e
n
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
laten
t
co
n
s
tr
u
cts is
estab
lis
h
ed
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
v
alid
ity
test
r
esu
lts
La
t
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
CR
A
V
E
IQ
0
.
8
9
2
0
.
8
9
6
0
.
6
0
7
SQ
0
.
8
8
1
0
.
8
8
2
0
.
8
0
8
S
R
Q
0
.
8
8
8
0
.
8
9
6
0
.
6
4
2
IU
0
.
9
0
4
0
.
9
1
1
0
.
7
3
0
SF
0
.
9
2
9
0
.
9
3
5
0
.
8
2
5
T
ab
le
3
.
HT
MT
r
atio
–
m
atr
i
x
La
t
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
IQ
IU
SF
S
R
Q
SQ
IQ
IU
0
.
7
6
6
SF
0
.
8
0
9
0
.
8
6
7
S
R
Q
0
.
8
7
4
0
.
7
9
6
0
.
8
4
8
SQ
0
.
6
4
8
0
.
7
8
3
0
.
7
4
5
0
.
7
2
3
3
.
2
.
2
.
Str
uct
ura
l m
o
del a
s
s
ess
m
ent
Af
ter
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
was
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
m
o
d
el’
s
q
u
ality
was
ass
ess
ed
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
b
y
Hair
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
ev
al
u
atio
n
in
v
o
lv
e
d
th
r
e
e
cr
iter
ia:
v
ar
ian
ce
in
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
VI
F),
R
2
co
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
Q
2
co
ef
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
d
th
at
all
th
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les
h
ad
VI
F
co
ef
f
icien
ts
less
th
an
5
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
4
;
h
en
ce
,
a
s
er
io
u
s
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
p
r
o
b
lem
m
ay
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
in
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
m
o
d
el
[
3
0
]
.
B
esid
es
,
R
2
v
alu
es
o
f
SF
an
d
IU
wer
e
6
9
.
2
%
an
d
7
0
.
1
%
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
Q,
SQ,
an
d
SR
Q
ca
n
ex
p
lain
6
9
.
2
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
SF
,
wh
ile
th
e
wh
o
le
m
o
d
el
is
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
f
o
r
7
0
.
1
%
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
IU
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
ca
n
m
o
d
er
ately
ex
p
lain
th
e
e
n
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
v
ar
iab
les [
3
1
]
.
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
V
I
F test
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
VIF
IQ
→
SF
2
.
6
9
3
IQ
→
IU
2
.
9
9
0
SQ
→
SF
1
.
7
7
6
SQ
→
IU
1
.
9
8
2
S
R
Q
→
SF
3
.
0
4
8
S
R
Q
→
IU
3
.
5
1
4
SF
→
IU
3
.
2
4
7
L
astl
y
,
t
h
e
B
l
i
n
d
f
o
l
d
t
e
s
t
w
a
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
Q
2
co
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
wed
th
at
SF
an
d
IU
h
ad
Q
2
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
0
.
5
5
8
an
d
0
.
4
9
3
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
m
o
d
el
e
x
h
ib
ited
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
p
r
ed
ictin
g
SF
an
d
I
U
[
3
0
]
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
H
y
po
t
hes
is
t
esting
re
s
ults
A
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
i
n
g
test
with
5
,
0
0
0
s
u
b
s
am
p
les
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
ea
c
h
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
At
a
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
lev
el
o
f
9
5
%,
SF
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
I
Q,
SQ,
an
d
SR
Q
with
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
0
.
3
0
3
,
0
.
2
5
2
,
a
n
d
0
.
3
7
9
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
(
p
-
v
alu
e<
0
.
0
5
)
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
H1
,
H3
,
a
n
d
H5
.
H
o
wev
er
,
H2
an
d
H6
wer
e
n
o
t su
p
p
o
r
ted
as I
Q
a
n
d
SQ d
id
n
o
t h
a
v
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t i
m
p
ac
t o
n
IU
(p
-
v
alu
e>
0
.
0
5
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
s
s
es
s
in
g
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
f Ch
a
tG
P
T in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
p
ers
p
ec
tives fr
o
m
V
ietn
a
mese
…
(
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i Th
u
Th
u
y
)
141
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
I
U
was
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
p
r
e
d
icted
b
y
SQ
(
β=0
.
2
5
6
an
d
p
-
v
alu
e<
0
.
0
5
)
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
H
4
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
SF
an
d
I
U
was
also
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
H7
(
β=0
.
4
3
0
a
n
d
p
-
v
alu
e<
0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
wh
ile
I
Q,
SQ
,
an
d
SR
Q
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
SF
,
o
n
l
y
SQ
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
I
U.
Ad
d
itio
n
a
lly
,
th
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
SF
an
d
I
U,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
h
ig
h
er
lev
els o
f
SF
with
C
h
atGPT
u
s
e
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
g
r
ea
ter
in
ten
tio
n
to
co
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
it.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
el
T
ab
le
5
.
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
i
n
g
test
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
H
y
p
o
t
h
e
s
i
s
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
s
a
mp
l
e
(
O
)
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
s
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
IQ
→
SF
H1
0
.
3
0
3
0
.
0
8
6
0
.
0
0
0
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
IQ
→
IU
H2
0
.
1
4
0
0
.
1
1
0
0
.
2
0
4
N
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
SQ
→
SF
H3
0
.
2
5
2
0
.
0
8
1
0
.
0
0
2
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
SQ
→
IU
H4
0
.
2
5
6
0
.
0
8
5
0
.
0
0
3
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
S
R
Q
→
SF
H5
0
.
3
7
9
0
.
0
8
8
0
.
0
0
0
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
S
R
Q
→
IU
H6
0
.
1
1
3
0
.
1
2
1
0
.
3
5
1
N
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
SF
→
IU
H7
0
.
4
3
0
0
.
1
4
8
0
.
0
0
4
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
3
.
2
.
4
.
I
nd
irec
t
ef
f
ec
t
t
est
re
s
ults
T
ab
le
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
e
f
f
ec
t
test
,
r
ev
ea
le
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
I
Q,
S
Q,
an
d
SR
Q
on
IU
th
r
o
u
g
h
SF
(p
-
v
alu
e<
0
.
0
5
)
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
o
f
I
Q
an
d
SR
Q
o
n
IU
w
er
e
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
SF
.
Hen
ce
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
SF
f
u
lly
m
ed
iates
s
u
ch
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
SQ
an
d
IU
r
em
ain
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
with
th
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
SF
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
p
ar
tial
m
ed
iatin
g
r
o
le
o
f
SF
in
s
u
ch
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
wh
ile
I
Q,
SQ,
a
n
d
SR
Q
in
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
IU
th
r
o
u
g
h
SF
;
SF
f
u
lly
m
ed
iates
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
etwe
en
I
Q
a
n
d
SR
Q
with
IU
.
Ho
wev
er
,
SF
o
n
ly
p
a
r
tially
m
ed
iates th
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
SQ a
n
d
IU
.
T
ab
le
6
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t te
s
t
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
s
a
mp
l
e
(
O
)
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
T
st
a
t
i
st
i
c
s
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
s
IQ
→
SF
→
IU
0
.
1
3
0
0
.
0
5
7
2
.
2
9
5
0
.
0
2
2
SQ
→
SF
→
IU
0
.
1
0
8
0
.
0
5
0
2
.
1
5
1
0
.
0
3
2
S
R
Q
→
SF
→
IU
0
.
1
6
3
0
.
0
6
9
2
.
3
5
0
0
.
0
1
9
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
26
:
1
36
-
1
45
142
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lity
,
s
er
v
ice
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
s
h
ap
in
g
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
’
SF
with
C
h
atGPT
.
SF
em
e
r
g
ed
as
a
k
ey
m
ed
iat
o
r
,
in
d
ic
atin
g
th
at
tech
n
ical
q
u
ality
m
u
s
t
lead
t
o
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
to
d
r
iv
e
co
n
tin
u
ed
u
s
e.
W
h
ile
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
SR
Q
d
id
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
IU
,
th
eir
in
d
ir
ec
t in
f
lu
en
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
SF
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t sy
s
tem
s
an
d
r
eliab
le
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
m
et
ic
u
l
o
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
f
o
r
d
ata
c
o
l
lec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
al
y
s
is
i
n
s
t
ill
ed
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
c
e
i
n
th
e
r
el
ia
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
r
el
ev
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
r
e
v
e
al
ed
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
r
e
lati
o
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
d
I
Q
,
SQ
,
SR
Q
,
an
d
u
s
er
SF
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
S
p
ec
i
f
i
ca
l
ly
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
ed
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
Viet
n
a
m
es
e
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
a
n
d
r
es
ea
r
c
h
e
r
s
r
ec
e
iv
e
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ali
ty
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
ee
d
b
a
c
k
f
r
o
m
C
h
at
GPT
,
e
x
p
e
r
ie
n
c
e
s
m
o
o
t
h
f
u
n
cti
o
n
a
lit
y
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
,
an
d
r
e
ce
i
v
e
s
a
tis
f
ac
t
o
r
y
s
e
r
v
ice
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
l
atf
o
r
m
,
t
h
ei
r
SF
wit
h
C
h
atG
PT
i
n
c
r
e
ases
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
s
y
s
t
em
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
it
y
,
a
n
d
s
e
r
v
ice
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
a
r
e
cr
u
cial
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
u
s
er
SF
with
C
h
atGPT
am
o
n
g
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
in
Vietn
am
.
It
i
s
in
tr
ig
u
in
g
to
n
o
te
th
at
wh
ile
I
Q,
SR
Q
d
id
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
t
ly
im
p
ac
t
th
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
,
th
is
f
in
d
in
g
d
iv
er
g
es
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
r
esear
c
h
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
ex
er
t
an
in
d
ir
e
ct
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
I
U
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
er
SF
.
T
h
is
d
ev
iati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
attr
i
b
u
ted
t
o
C
h
atGPT
’
s
n
o
v
elty
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
wh
e
r
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
its
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
b
o
u
n
d
[
4
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
u
s
er
SF
with
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
C
h
atGPT
b
ec
o
m
es
p
iv
o
tal
in
d
r
iv
in
g
th
eir
in
ten
tio
n
to
co
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
it.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
c
e
an
d
SF
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
C
h
atGPT
with
in
ac
ad
em
ic
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
at
SQ
p
lay
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
b
u
t
also
in
ex
er
tin
g
an
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
er
SF
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
in
clu
d
in
g
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
,
ea
s
e
-
of
-
u
s
e,
in
te
g
r
atio
n
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ity
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
an
d
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
t
b
o
th
u
s
er
SF
an
d
th
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
with
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ity
in
Vietn
am
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
also
r
ev
ea
led
a
n
o
tewo
r
t
h
y
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
u
s
er
SF
an
d
th
e
IU
C
h
atGPT
.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
alig
n
s
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
at
u
s
er
SF
s
er
v
es
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
tili
ze
C
h
atGPT
.
As
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
en
g
ag
e
with
C
h
atGPT
f
o
r
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
,
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
SF
with
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
ex
p
e
r
ien
c
e
it p
r
o
v
id
es d
u
r
in
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
th
eir
in
clin
atio
n
to
c
o
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
it.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
m
ir
r
o
r
b
r
o
ad
e
r
d
ig
ital
ad
o
p
tio
n
tr
en
d
s
in
Vietn
am
,
wh
er
e
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
an
d
u
n
ev
e
n
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
s
h
ap
e
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t,
esp
ec
i
ally
b
etwe
en
u
r
b
an
an
d
p
e
r
i
-
u
r
b
an
ca
m
p
u
s
es.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
s
tr
o
n
g
er
im
p
ac
t
o
f
SQ
r
ef
lects
o
n
g
o
in
g
ch
alle
n
g
es
in
AI
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
er
e
tech
n
ical
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
lan
g
u
a
g
e
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
ar
e
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
ex
ten
d
to
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
eq
u
ity
,
as
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
less
co
n
n
ec
te
d
r
eg
io
n
s
m
a
y
lack
th
e
s
am
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
e
x
ac
er
b
atin
g
d
is
p
a
r
ities
in
teac
h
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
a
g
em
en
t.
Ur
b
an
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies
s
h
o
u
ld
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
AI
r
ea
d
in
ess
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
b
a
n
d
wid
th
,
d
ev
ice
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
r
e
p
r
io
r
itized
in
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
ed
ar
ea
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
ed
h
o
w
IQ
,
SQ
,
an
d
SR
Q
in
f
lu
en
ce
Vietn
am
ese
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
SF
an
d
IU
C
h
atGPT
in
ac
ad
em
ic
co
n
tex
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
SQ
was
th
e
o
n
ly
d
ir
ec
t
p
r
e
d
icto
r
o
f
u
s
ag
e
in
ten
ti
o
n
,
w
h
ile
SF
ac
ted
as
a
k
ey
m
e
d
iato
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
o
th
er
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
lin
ess
,
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
m
o
r
e
cr
itical
t
h
an
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
c
o
n
ten
t
o
r
s
er
v
ice
alo
n
e
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
AI
to
o
ls
.
SF
p
lay
s
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
in
b
r
i
d
g
in
g
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
q
u
ality
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
th
eo
r
etica
l in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
d
o
p
tio
n
r
esear
c
h
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
Fro
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t,
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
b
u
ild
in
g
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
Po
licy
m
ak
e
r
s
ca
n
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
b
r
o
ad
tr
ai
n
in
g
in
itiativ
es
b
y
p
ilo
tin
g
AI
liter
ac
y
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
,
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
p
r
o
m
p
t
d
esig
n
,
cr
itical
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
AI
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
an
d
eth
ical
class
r
o
o
m
u
s
e.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
in
v
estme
n
t
in
lo
ca
lized
Vietn
am
ese
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
d
atasets
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
C
h
atGPT
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
b
a
r
r
ier
s
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
f
ac
e
wh
en
wo
r
k
in
g
i
n
Vietn
am
ese.
Un
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ag
e
n
c
ies
co
u
ld
f
o
r
m
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
h
ip
s
with
lo
ca
l
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
ir
m
s
to
co
-
d
ev
elo
p
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
co
r
p
o
r
a
an
d
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
to
o
ls
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
wo
u
ld
co
m
p
lem
en
t
tar
g
eted
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
p
er
i
-
u
r
b
an
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ar
e
n
o
t e
x
cl
u
d
ed
f
r
o
m
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
n
o
t
with
o
u
t
lim
itatio
n
s
.
First,
wh
ile
it
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
SQ
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
test
m
o
d
er
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
wh
eth
er
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
o
r
less
s
en
io
r
ed
u
c
ato
r
s
p
lace
g
r
ea
ter
weig
h
t
o
n
SQ
wh
en
d
ec
id
in
g
to
u
s
e
C
h
atGPT
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esea
r
ch
co
u
ld
e
x
am
in
e
s
u
ch
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
to
r
ef
in
e
p
o
licy
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
ally
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
p
atial
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ers
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143
eq
u
ity
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
u
r
b
an
an
d
r
u
r
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
u
ld
in
teg
r
at
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
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ar
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les
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n
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er
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h
o
w
in
f
r
astru
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r
al
d
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p
ar
it
ies
s
h
ap
e
ad
o
p
tio
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Fin
ally
,
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
an
d
q
u
a
litativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
h
o
w
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ev
o
lv
e
o
v
er
tim
e,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
r
ich
e
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
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in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
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B
UT
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M
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h
is
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u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
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o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
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co
llab
o
r
atio
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.
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f
Aut
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C
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lt
tr
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d
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.
v
n
.
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