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[
1
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d
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[
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I
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o
f
th
e
g
en
r
e.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
elem
en
ts
wer
e
p
r
esen
t
in
6
0
%
to
9
9
%
o
f
th
e
tex
ts
,
r
ef
lectin
g
co
m
m
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
u
n
i
v
er
s
ally
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Op
tio
n
al
u
n
it
s
,
f
o
u
n
d
in
less
th
an
6
0
%
o
f
th
e
co
r
p
u
s
,
s
u
g
g
est
d
is
cr
etio
n
ar
y
u
s
ag
e
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
wr
iter
’
s
s
ty
lis
tic
ch
o
ices,
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
g
en
r
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
s
,
o
r
p
er
ce
iv
ed
r
elev
an
ce
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
th
is
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
en
ab
les
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
em
p
ir
ically
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
h
eto
r
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
t
i
n
to
h
o
w
s
tu
d
e
n
t
w
r
iter
s
n
eg
o
tiate
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
s
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
d
is
c
o
u
r
s
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
i
es
h
av
e
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
ac
a
d
em
i
c
wr
itin
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
f
ew
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
o
w
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
er
s
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
an
aly
tical
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
eses
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
i
n
e
co
n
te
x
t.
B
y
lo
o
k
i
n
g
clo
s
ely
at
h
o
w
th
es
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
r
g
an
ize
th
eir
id
ea
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
ad
d
s
a
lo
ca
lized
an
d
lear
n
er
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
wr
itin
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
am
in
ed
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
f
ew
h
av
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
h
o
w
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
E
SL
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
eses
-
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
co
n
tex
t
.
B
y
an
aly
zin
g
h
o
w
th
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
r
g
a
n
ize
an
d
ar
ticu
lat
e
th
eir
id
ea
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
a
lo
ca
lized
,
lear
n
er
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
to
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
W
h
ile
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
to
o
n
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
a
n
d
d
is
cip
lin
e,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
ay
b
e
n
ef
it
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
ac
ad
em
ic
f
ield
s
(
s
cien
c
e,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
ath
em
atics
o
r
STE
M
v
s
h
u
m
an
ities
)
o
r
b
et
wee
n
n
ativ
e
an
d
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
E
n
g
lis
h
wr
iter
s
.
Su
ch
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
co
u
ld
f
u
r
th
e
r
illu
m
in
ate
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
s
an
d
lin
g
u
is
tic
ch
allen
g
es,
th
er
eb
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
m
o
v
e
-
b
ased
g
en
r
e
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
is
wh
e
r
e
o
n
e
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
,
v
alu
e,
an
d
p
er
tin
en
ce
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
aim
to
clar
if
y
an
d
a
s
s
es
s
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
ies,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
h
o
w
th
ey
c
o
n
n
ec
t
t
o
th
e
lit
er
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
an
d
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
to
p
ic
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
o
r
d
is
s
er
tatio
n
wh
ile
also
m
ak
in
g
a
ca
s
e
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
m
ain
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
.
Sin
ce
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
lar
g
ely
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
iewp
o
in
ts
,
a
wr
itin
g
s
ty
le
th
a
t
en
ab
les
au
th
o
r
s
to
s
h
ar
e
th
ei
r
o
p
i
n
io
n
s
o
p
en
ly
is
ess
en
tial.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
ai
m
s
to
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
ap
p
ea
r
s
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
p
a
p
er
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
wh
at
will
be
in
clu
d
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
er
y
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
la
n
n
in
g
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
s
p
an
n
in
g
3
6
y
ea
r
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
at
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
“
co
n
s
titu
tes
a
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ticle
wr
itin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
”
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
au
th
o
r
s
to
o
r
g
an
ize
t
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
with
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
ed
r
h
eto
r
ical
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
in
ter
p
r
et
an
d
co
n
tex
t
u
alize
f
in
d
in
g
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
h
ig
h
-
im
p
ac
t
I
n
d
o
n
esian
jo
u
r
n
als
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
au
th
o
r
s
r
o
u
tin
ely
u
s
e
cr
u
cial
r
h
eto
r
ic
al
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
in
r
elatio
n
to
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
’
s
v
ital
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
ac
a
d
em
ic
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
m
ay
also
en
c
o
m
p
ass
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
r
h
eto
r
ical
elem
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
lim
itatio
n
s
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
im
p
licatio
n
s
[
9
]
.
L
uo
an
d
J
i
[
1
0
]
,
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
a
m
o
v
e
o
p
e
r
ates
as
a
u
n
if
ied
e
n
tity
,
d
ir
ec
tin
g
th
e
r
ea
d
er
to
war
d
s
th
e
au
th
o
r
’
s
in
ten
d
ed
m
ess
ag
e,
wh
er
ea
s
s
te
p
s
o
f
f
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
way
s
th
at
cl
ar
if
y
o
r
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
m
o
tio
n
.
T
h
is
an
aly
tical
p
ar
ad
ig
m
h
as
b
ee
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
r
h
et
o
r
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles,
a
g
e
n
r
e
ess
e
n
tial
f
o
r
ac
ad
e
m
ic
d
is
co
u
r
s
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
R
ah
ay
u
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
n
o
ted
t
h
at
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
i
n
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
o
tio
n
s
an
d
r
ep
et
itiv
e
cy
cles,
en
a
b
lin
g
au
th
o
r
s
to
m
et
h
o
d
ically
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
th
eir
co
m
m
u
n
icati
v
e
o
b
jectiv
es.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
av
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
m
o
v
e
a
n
aly
s
is
as
a
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tex
ts
,
r
eg
is
ter
s
,
an
d
g
en
r
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
ly
wr
itin
g
[
1
2
]
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
in
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
s
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
in
E
n
g
lis
h
-
lan
g
u
ag
e
j
o
u
r
n
als
ca
n
b
e
q
u
ite
d
if
f
icu
lt,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
wh
o
s
e
p
r
im
ar
y
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
n
o
t
E
n
g
lis
h
[
1
3
]
.
E
m
p
lo
y
in
g
m
o
v
e
an
aly
s
is
to
id
en
tify
th
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
o
p
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
in
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
wr
iter
s
,
as
g
r
asp
in
g
th
ese
‘
m
o
v
es
’
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
clar
ity
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
i
n
ess
o
f
th
e
ir
wr
itin
g
.
T
h
e
y
ca
n
estab
lis
h
th
e
f
ield
o
r
to
p
ic,
id
en
tify
a
p
r
o
b
lem
,
an
d
d
eli
n
ea
te
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
is
s
u
e
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
k
ey
asp
e
cts
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
Mo
v
es
ca
n
v
ar
y
in
len
g
th
,
b
u
t
ty
p
ically
in
clu
d
e
at
least
o
n
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
.
So
m
e
ty
p
es
o
f
m
o
v
es
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
f
o
u
n
d
in
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
g
en
r
e
an
d
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
less
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
m
ay
b
e
d
ee
m
ed
o
p
tio
n
al.
Mo
v
es
ca
n
in
v
o
lv
e
m
u
ltip
le
elem
en
ts
th
at,
wh
en
co
m
b
in
ed
o
r
u
s
ed
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
way
s
,
co
m
p
lete
th
e
m
o
v
e.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
ca
lled
“
s
tep
s
”
[
1
]
o
r
“
s
tr
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4
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
740
-
750
742
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
a
m
o
v
e
m
ain
ly
ai
m
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
m
o
v
e
[
1
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
m
o
v
es
r
ef
lect
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
an
d
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
tex
t th
a
t p
o
s
s
ess
d
is
tin
ct
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
Hilm
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
ex
am
in
ed
t
h
e
d
iv
er
s
e
m
o
tio
n
s
an
d
s
tag
e
s
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
as
well
as
th
e
r
h
eto
r
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
atter
n
s
with
in
th
ese
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
ev
er
y
ac
tio
n
in
s
id
e
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
an
aly
ze
b
o
th
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
o
f
ea
ch
ar
g
u
m
en
t
ty
p
e
d
if
f
er
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
t
wo
d
is
tin
ct
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ty
les id
en
tifie
d
in
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
d
is
p
lay
ed
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
w
o
p
r
im
ar
y
k
in
d
s
o
f
p
atter
n
s
ar
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
t
itativ
e
r
esear
ch
:
r
ep
ea
tin
g
p
atter
n
s
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
atter
n
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
t
with
in
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
S
tu
d
y
by
S
ith
lao
th
av
o
r
n
an
d
T
r
ak
u
lk
asem
s
u
k
[
1
7
]
d
is
co
v
e
r
ed
th
at
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
m
o
v
es
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
b
o
th
T
h
ai
a
n
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
le.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
t
o
o
th
e
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
with
clea
r
ly
r
ec
o
g
n
izab
le
m
o
v
e
p
atter
n
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
clu
d
es th
at
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
p
o
r
tio
n
lack
s
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
o
v
e
p
atter
n
.
Swales
[
1
]
a
r
ti
cu
lat
e
d
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
v
iew
p
o
i
n
t
c
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
p
ar
t
i
n
r
es
ea
r
c
h
a
r
ti
cles
.
“
S
p
e
ci
ali
ze
d
/wr
i
tte
n
t
ex
t/
m
o
n
o
l
o
g
u
e/
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
/e
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
+r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
i
n
g
”
p
e
r
t
ai
n
s
to
te
x
t
ty
p
o
l
o
g
y
p
att
er
n
s
,
em
p
h
asi
zi
n
g
t
h
e
e
x
p
l
o
r
at
io
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
,
w
h
i
le
M
o
v
e
2
e
n
ta
ils
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
d
is
c
o
v
e
r
i
es
o
r
o
u
t
c
o
m
es
th
at
t
y
p
ic
all
y
r
ela
te
t
o
p
u
b
l
ic
i
d
e
al
s
o
r
h
y
p
o
t
h
es
es.
T
h
is
g
en
e
r
al
l
y
e
n
ta
ils
ass
ess
i
n
g
m
u
lti
p
l
e
al
te
r
n
ati
v
es
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
lt
in
g
p
r
io
r
r
es
ea
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
T
h
an
aji
r
a
wat
an
d
C
h
u
e
a
-
N
o
n
g
t
h
o
n
[
1
8
]
s
o
u
g
h
t
t
o
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e
p
att
er
n
s
an
d
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
p
r
ese
n
t
in
t
h
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
i
o
n
s
ec
t
io
n
o
f
r
es
ea
r
c
h
p
a
p
e
r
s
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
cla
r
it
y
a
n
d
ef
f
i
cie
n
cy
o
f
au
th
o
r
in
g
t
h
is
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
r
ese
a
r
c
h
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
a
s
am
p
l
e
o
f
3
0
ac
ad
em
ic
p
a
p
e
r
s
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sc
o
p
u
s
d
at
ab
ase
,
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
4
t
o
2
0
1
8
a
n
d
c
lass
i
f
i
ed
wit
h
i
n
Qu
a
r
t
iles
1
-
3
.
A
ll
ch
o
s
e
n
a
r
ti
cles
r
el
at
ed
t
o
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
ities
an
d
s
o
cia
l
s
cie
n
ce
s
,
co
v
er
i
n
g
t
h
r
ee
p
r
i
n
ci
p
al
c
at
eg
o
r
ies
:
l
a
n
g
u
ag
e,
lin
g
u
is
tics
,
an
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
;
b
u
s
in
ess
,
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ics,
m
ar
k
etin
g
,
an
d
f
in
an
ce
;
as
w
ell
as
a
d
d
iti
o
n
al
d
o
m
ai
n
s
wi
th
in
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
it
ies
a
n
d
s
o
ci
al
s
c
ie
n
c
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
i
n
d
ic
ate
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
h
et
o
r
ic
al
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
ec
ti
o
n
s
i
n
r
ese
ar
c
h
p
u
b
lica
ti
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sc
o
p
u
s
d
at
a
b
as
e
(
Qu
ar
til
es
1
-
3
)
p
er
tain
in
g
to
h
u
m
a
n
ities
an
d
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
s
ev
en
m
o
v
e
ty
p
es with
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
eg
m
en
t
.
Al
-
Sh
u
jair
i
an
d
Al
-
Ma
n
aseer
[
1
9
]
ass
er
t
th
at
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
p
ar
t
is
cr
u
cial
in
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
a
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticle
(
R
A)
.
T
h
e
y
n
o
ted
th
at
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
ten
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
a
r
ticu
late
a
c
o
m
p
ellin
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
ei
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
d
u
e
to
a
lack
o
f
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
m
o
ti
o
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
th
at
d
ef
in
e
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
Gen
g
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
th
e
r
h
eto
r
ical
co
n
v
en
tio
n
s
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tr
at
eg
ies an
d
ac
tio
n
s
in
b
o
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
n
o
n
-
Sco
p
u
s
jo
u
r
n
als
an
d
esteem
ed
Sco
p
u
s
jo
u
r
n
als,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
au
t
h
o
r
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
eticu
l
o
u
s
ly
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
r
esear
ch
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
p
u
b
licatio
n
in
Sco
p
u
s
jo
u
r
n
als.
Fin
ally
,
Hlain
g
s
tu
d
y
[
2
1
]
a
n
aly
zin
g
t
h
e
m
o
v
es
in
t
h
e
th
eses
o
f
Ph
.
D.
ca
n
d
id
ates
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
E
n
g
lis
h
in
My
an
m
ar
id
en
tifie
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
eir
‘
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
’
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
ess
en
tial
m
o
v
es
an
d
s
tep
s
p
r
esen
t
in
th
eses
p
er
tain
in
g
to
ap
p
lied
lin
g
u
is
tics
an
d
E
n
g
lis
h
liter
atu
r
e
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
also
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
‘
o
b
lig
ato
r
y
’
,
‘
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
’
,
an
d
‘
o
p
tio
n
al
’
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
s
tep
s
.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tatem
en
t
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
p
o
s
es to
an
s
wer
th
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
q
u
e
r
ies:
−
W
h
at
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
h
et
o
r
ic
al
p
atte
r
n
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
q
u
an
tit
ati
v
e
t
h
es
i
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
e
cti
o
n
s
wr
itt
en
b
y
E
SL
l
ea
r
n
e
r
s
?
−
Ho
w
ar
e
th
ese
r
h
eto
r
ical
p
atter
n
s
u
s
ed
?
−
W
h
at
is
th
e
k
ey
lin
g
u
is
tic
f
ea
t
u
r
es o
f
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
esis
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
?
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
h
o
w
E
SL
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
eir
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
eses
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
h
eto
r
ical
m
o
v
es.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
p
lay
a
v
ita
l
r
o
le
in
p
r
esen
tin
g
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
an
d
lin
k
in
g
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
to
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
h
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
lim
ited
atten
tio
n
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
wr
itin
g
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
la
n
g
u
ag
e
s
tu
d
ies.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
ex
am
in
es
h
o
w
m
o
v
es
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
,
with
ea
ch
m
o
v
e
r
ef
er
r
in
g
t
o
a
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
tex
t
th
at
s
er
v
es
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
r
o
le.
T
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o
n
th
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m
o
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ap
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lied
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a
[
8
]
,
wh
ic
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ted
f
r
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Ya
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d
Allis
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s
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ical
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n
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.
Uly
a
[
8
]
d
em
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ated
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tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
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d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
a
q
u
alitativ
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d
is
co
u
r
s
e
an
aly
tic
m
eth
o
d
t
o
ex
am
in
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th
e
r
h
eto
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ical
f
r
am
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r
k
o
f
d
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cu
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s
o
f
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
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ate
q
u
an
titativ
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th
eses
.
St
r
ateg
ies
wer
e
u
tili
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d
to
d
elin
ea
te
th
e
r
h
et
o
r
ical
s
tr
u
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es
with
in
d
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s
s
io
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s
ec
tio
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s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
e
d
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
m
o
v
e
an
aly
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es o
f
r
esear
ch
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
mo
ve
a
n
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lysi
s
o
f th
e
d
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cu
s
s
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n
s
in
E
S
L lea
r
n
ers
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q
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a
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tita
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eses
(
Ma
r
y
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y
V
.
Hered
ia
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)
743
2
.
2
.
Da
t
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m
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p
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m
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eq
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M
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1
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M
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v
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r
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co
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ev
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th
e
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tu
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y
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a
n
d
M
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7
(
d
ed
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s
f
r
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m
th
e
r
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ch
)
.
W
h
ile
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
es
o
n
ly
1
6
t
h
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d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
o
clar
if
y
t
h
at
th
e
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atu
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e
o
f
th
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tu
d
y
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n
o
t
s
tatis
tical
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en
er
aliza
tio
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b
u
t
q
u
alitativ
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p
atter
n
id
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tific
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th
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m
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aly
s
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a
m
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s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
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s
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estab
lis
h
ed
b
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es
[
1
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.
I
n
g
en
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d
d
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co
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tu
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ies,
r
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ch
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s
o
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ten
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ely
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ca
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lly
s
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etailed
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atter
n
s
.
F
o
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ex
am
p
le,
Kan
est
io
n
an
d
Sin
g
h
[
2
2
]
an
aly
ze
d
a
co
r
p
u
s
o
f
60
ar
g
u
m
e
n
tativ
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s
ay
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to
m
ap
m
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h
ig
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h
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w
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v
en
m
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est
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atasets
ca
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ield
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tan
tial
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to
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tio
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s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
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s
tu
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y
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n
o
t
to
g
en
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alize
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in
d
in
g
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tatis
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b
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t
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o
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o
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s
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r
eo
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er
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en
t
p
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r
-
r
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d
s
tu
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ies
in
m
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s
is
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d
ac
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m
ic
d
is
co
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r
s
e
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
s
m
all
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m
o
d
er
ately
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ized
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r
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eth
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ically
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n
d
f
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s
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if
ic
wr
itin
g
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
r
h
eto
r
ical
ch
allen
g
es.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Gr
ay
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
ir
ty
r
esear
ch
a
r
t
icles
ac
r
o
s
s
d
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cip
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ie
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f
u
l
in
s
ig
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ts
d
esp
ite
lim
ited
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
p
r
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t
s
tu
d
y
d
r
aws
o
n
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
co
r
p
u
s
o
f
th
eses
s
elec
ted
f
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a
s
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ac
ad
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p
r
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a
m
with
in
an
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x
t.
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c
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s
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r
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em
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p
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g
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am
wit
h
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n
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co
n
t
ex
t
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h
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tic
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e
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f
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n
t
d
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p
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f
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q
u
al
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ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
s
is
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
i
ze
w
as
lim
i
te
d
to
1
6
t
h
esis
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
ec
t
io
n
s
,
d
ata
s
a
tu
r
a
ti
o
n
w
a
s
ac
h
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e
v
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d
wh
e
n
ad
d
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ti
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n
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d
o
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m
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ts
n
o
l
o
n
g
er
y
ie
ld
e
d
n
ew
r
h
et
o
r
ic
al
m
o
v
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o
r
p
a
tte
r
n
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
t
h
o
s
e
a
lr
ea
d
y
id
en
ti
f
ie
d
.
T
h
is
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
cy
-
w
h
e
r
e
em
e
r
g
i
n
g
t
h
em
es a
n
d
s
t
r
u
ct
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r
a
l f
ea
tu
r
es
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
r
ec
u
r
r
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
a
m
p
les
-
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n
d
ica
te
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
a
tase
t
w
as
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
r
ca
p
t
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
u
ll
r
an
g
e
o
f
r
h
et
o
r
ica
l
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
es
u
s
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
w
r
it
er
s
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
in
t
er
-
r
at
er
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
an
al
y
s
is
w
as
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
l
y
c
o
d
e
d
b
y
tw
o
r
at
er
s
tr
ai
n
e
d
i
n
g
e
n
r
e
an
al
y
s
is
.
C
o
d
in
g
d
is
c
r
e
p
a
n
c
ies
we
r
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
a
n
d
r
es
o
l
v
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
,
an
d
a
h
i
g
h
d
e
g
r
e
e
o
f
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t
was
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
,
th
u
s
r
ei
n
f
o
r
c
in
g
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
r
i
g
o
r
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
v
e
cl
ass
i
f
ic
ati
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2
.
3
.
E
t
hica
l
s
t
a
nd
a
rds
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
m
ad
e
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
a
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
letter
was
s
en
t
t
o
th
e
lib
r
ar
ian
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
co
l
lectio
n
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
em
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
id
en
titi
es
o
f
th
e
E
S
L
lear
n
er
s
wh
o
au
t
h
o
r
ed
th
e
th
esis
wer
e
k
ep
t
co
n
f
id
en
tial.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
will
n
o
t
b
e
s
h
ar
ed
elsewh
er
e
b
u
t
will
b
e
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
s
ev
er
al
eth
ica
l
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
r
esear
c
h
eth
ics
wer
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
ad
h
er
ed
t
o
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
te
g
r
ity
,
h
o
n
esty
,
ca
u
tio
n
,
r
esp
ec
t,
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
ac
c
o
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
in
ac
tio
n
s
tak
en
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
r
h
eto
r
ical
m
o
v
e
ty
p
ically
d
en
o
tes
a
r
o
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
eg
m
en
t
o
f
a
tex
t.
Swales
[
1
]
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
a
m
o
ti
o
n
as
a
r
h
e
to
r
ical
o
r
d
is
co
u
r
s
e
u
n
it
with
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
o
b
jectiv
e,
r
elev
an
t
i
n
b
o
th
w
r
itten
an
d
s
p
o
k
en
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
id
en
tifi
es
s
ev
en
r
h
eto
r
ical
s
tr
ateg
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
E
SL
lear
n
er
s
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
ei
r
th
eses
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
r
esu
lts
,
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
r
esu
lts
,
co
m
m
e
n
tin
g
o
n
r
esu
lts
,
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
an
d
d
e
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
r
esear
c
h
.
3
.
1
.
Rhet
o
ri
c
a
l m
o
v
es
Mo
v
e
1
(
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
)
s
er
v
es
to
ed
u
ca
te
r
ea
d
e
r
s
an
d
s
h
ar
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
aim
s
a
n
d
o
b
jectiv
es,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
th
eo
r
ies
ty
p
ically
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
.
I
n
all
1
6
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
th
esis
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
ex
am
in
ed
,
M
o
v
e
1
is
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
p
r
esen
t,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
w
ith
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
y
ex
p
lain
h
o
w
M
o
v
e
1
o
u
tlin
es
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
r
esear
ch
aim
s
,
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
o
r
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es,
as
wel
l
as
d
etail
s
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
S
im
ilar
ly
,
Su
h
er
d
i
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
w
h
o
in
v
esti
g
ated
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
th
eses
au
th
o
r
ed
b
y
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
wr
ite
r
s
en
h
an
ce
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
y
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e.
I
n
M
o
v
e
2
(
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
r
esu
lts
)
,
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
b
e
g
in
b
y
o
u
tlin
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
je
ctiv
es
an
d
th
e
r
atio
n
ale
b
eh
in
d
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
it.
T
h
is
m
o
v
e
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
p
ar
ts
wh
er
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
740
-
750
744
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
s
er
v
es
to
p
r
esen
t
an
d
elab
o
r
ate
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
illu
s
t
r
ated
with
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ev
i
d
en
c
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
ex
am
p
les,
g
r
ap
h
s
,
ch
ar
ts
,
an
d
tab
les.
Mo
v
e
3
(
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
r
es
u
lts
)
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
e
n
ca
p
s
u
la
te
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
Mo
v
e
3
is
s
ee
n
in
in
all
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Mo
v
e
4
(
co
m
m
e
n
tin
g
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
)
en
ab
les
au
th
o
r
s
to
o
f
f
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
as
s
is
t
in
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
r
esu
lts
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
etails
o
f
th
e
en
tire
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
wr
iter
s
h
o
u
ld
o
f
f
er
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
to
p
er
s
u
ad
e
r
ea
d
er
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
ess
en
tial
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
M
ove
4
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Hlain
g
s
tu
d
y
[
2
1
]
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
all
m
o
v
es
an
d
s
tep
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
o
b
lig
ato
r
y
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
v
alu
e.
M
o
v
e
5
(
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
)
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
p
r
esen
t
a
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
en
tire
s
tu
d
y
-
n
o
t
m
er
ely
a
r
ec
ap
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
d
ef
in
ed
in
M
o
v
e
3
,
b
u
t
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
I
n
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
is
m
o
v
e,
th
e
au
th
o
r
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
v
ar
io
u
s
p
h
r
ases
th
at
s
ig
n
if
y
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
Mo
v
e
6
(
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
)
is
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
au
t
h
o
r
s
to
e
x
a
m
in
e
th
eir
r
esear
ch
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
,
lim
itati
o
n
s
,
d
elim
itatio
n
s
,
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
,
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
,
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es.
T
h
is
m
o
v
e
also
allo
ws
au
th
o
r
s
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
g
en
e
r
aliza
tio
n
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Mo
v
e
7
(
d
ed
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
)
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
r
esen
t
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
o
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
p
ar
ticu
lar
ch
al
len
g
es.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
f
er
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
m
ig
h
t b
e
p
u
r
s
u
e
d
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
all
1
6
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
esis
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ev
er
y
m
o
v
e
was
u
tili
ze
d
;
h
o
wev
e
r
,
n
o
t
e
v
er
y
m
o
v
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
ea
ch
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
v
es
t
h
at
wer
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
cl
u
d
e
M
o
v
e
1
(
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
,
M
o
v
e
2
(
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
r
esu
lts
)
,
M
o
v
e
3
(
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
)
,
an
d
M
o
v
e
4
(
co
m
m
en
tin
g
o
n
r
esu
lts
)
.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
m
ay
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
f
o
r
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
to
c
o
n
tain
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
etails
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
o
cu
s
a
n
d
p
r
im
ar
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
m
o
v
e,
a
p
p
ea
r
i
n
g
a
to
tal
o
f
1
0
tim
es
ac
r
o
s
s
1
6
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
eses
,
is
M
o
v
e
6
(
e
v
alu
atin
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
)
.
T
h
is
m
o
v
e
wa
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
p
r
esen
t
an
d
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
as
well
as
its
lim
itati
o
n
s
an
d
d
elim
itatio
n
s
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
it
was
n
o
te
d
th
at
M
o
v
e
1
(
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
,
M
o
v
e
2
(
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
r
esu
lts
)
,
M
o
v
e
3
(
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
r
esu
lts
)
,
an
d
M
o
v
e
4
(
co
m
m
en
tin
g
o
n
r
esu
lts
)
wer
e
d
ee
m
ed
o
b
lig
at
o
r
y
,
as
th
e
y
wer
e
p
r
esen
t
in
all
o
f
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
tex
t
s
.
T
h
ese
o
b
lig
ato
r
y
m
o
v
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
in
th
is
f
ield
p
r
io
r
itize
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
co
n
tex
t,
p
r
esen
tin
g
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
k
ey
p
o
in
ts
,
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
r
esu
lts
.
Als
o
,
th
ey
r
e
f
lect
th
e
f
ield
’
s
em
p
h
asis
o
n
c
o
n
te
x
tu
alizin
g
r
esear
c
h
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
,
an
d
th
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
r
esu
l
ts
.
I
t
b
ec
o
m
es
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
a
ll
th
e
m
o
v
es
to
b
e
p
r
esen
t
in
ev
er
y
tex
t
with
in
a
co
r
p
u
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
with
T
ik
h
o
n
o
v
a
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
wh
ich
id
en
tifie
d
M
o
v
e
2
(
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
r
esu
lts
)
an
d
M
o
v
e
4
(
co
m
m
en
t
in
g
r
esu
lts
)
as
ess
en
tial
m
o
v
es
an
d
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
m
o
s
tly
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
m
ed
ical
ar
ticl
es.
T
h
is
m
ak
e
s
en
s
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
m
ain
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
th
at
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
I
t a
ls
o
an
s
wer
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
ak
in
g
it th
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
tan
t a
n
d
r
ele
v
an
t.
T
ab
le
1
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f
r
h
eto
r
ic
al
m
o
v
es
in
E
SL
lear
n
e
r
s
’
th
esis
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
M
o
v
e
s
/
s
t
e
p
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
mo
v
e
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
(
%)
M
o
v
e
1
:
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
16
1
0
0
M
o
v
e
2
:
r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
16
1
0
0
M
o
v
e
3
:
s
u
mm
a
r
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s
16
1
0
0
M
o
v
e
4
:
c
o
m
me
n
t
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
16
1
0
0
M
o
v
e
5
:
s
u
mm
a
r
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
5
3
1
.
2
5
M
o
v
e
6
:
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
me
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
10
6
2
.
5
M
o
v
e
7
:
d
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
sea
r
c
h
4
25
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
o
p
tio
n
ality
o
f
Mo
v
e
5
(
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
)
an
d
Mo
v
e
7
(
d
ed
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
)
m
i
g
h
t
im
p
l
y
th
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
in
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
s
ty
le
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
wh
o
m
a
y
c
h
o
o
s
e
to
s
u
m
m
a
r
ize
o
r
d
e
d
u
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
au
d
ien
ce
,
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
o
r
s
tu
d
y
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
th
ese
a
u
th
o
r
s
m
ig
h
t
ass
u
m
e
r
ea
d
er
s
ar
e
f
am
iliar
with
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
tex
t,
m
ak
in
g
s
u
m
m
ar
ies
o
r
d
ed
u
ctio
n
s
less
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Als
o
,
b
y
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
n
o
v
elty
o
v
e
r
r
ec
a
p
,
au
th
o
r
s
m
ay
Om
it
s
u
m
m
a
r
ies
o
r
d
ed
u
ctio
n
s
s
o
th
ey
co
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
m
o
r
e
o
n
p
r
esen
tin
g
n
ew
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
Op
tio
n
al
m
o
v
es
m
ig
h
t
b
e
o
m
itted
d
u
e
to
wo
r
d
lim
its
o
r
p
ag
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
ac
ad
em
ic
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
eir
o
p
tio
n
ality
c
o
u
ld
also
r
ef
l
ec
t
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
n
o
r
m
s
,
wh
er
e
ce
r
tain
m
o
v
es
ar
e
d
ee
m
ed
less
cr
itical
o
r
ar
e
im
p
licitly
ex
p
ec
ted
.
3
.
2
.
L
ing
uis
t
ic
f
ea
t
ures
Alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
p
att
er
n
s
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
u
n
co
v
er
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lin
g
u
is
tic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
esis
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
au
th
o
r
e
d
b
y
E
SL
lear
n
er
s
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
lin
g
u
is
tic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
s
o
f
b
o
th
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
p
ass
iv
e
v
o
ice,
alo
n
g
with
m
o
d
al
v
er
b
s
,
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
u
s
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
mo
ve
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
in
E
S
L lea
r
n
ers
’
q
u
a
n
tita
tive
th
eses
(
Ma
r
y
Jo
y
V
.
Hered
ia
n
o
)
745
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ice
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
s
with
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ic
h
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ac
tiv
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
s
en
h
an
ce
clar
ity
,
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ea
d
e
r
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
[
2
7
]
.
Mo
v
e
1
:
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
is
m
o
v
e,
b
o
th
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
p
ass
iv
e
v
o
ice
s
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
esen
t
an
d
p
ast
s
im
p
le
ten
s
es.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
T
h
an
ajir
aw
at
an
d
C
h
u
ea
-
N
o
n
g
th
o
n
[
1
8
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles
m
ain
ly
u
s
e
b
o
th
p
r
esen
t
an
d
p
ast
ten
s
es
in
th
eir
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
im
p
le
ten
s
e
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
co
n
v
ey
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
r
ar
ticu
late
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
’
s
v
iews o
r
th
o
u
g
h
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
ten
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ies
tr
u
th
s
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
with
th
e
o
r
ies,
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
o
r
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
.
E
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
h
o
w
t
h
is
was
r
ea
lized
in
clu
d
e
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
“
Th
is
ch
a
p
ter
d
ea
ls
w
ith
th
e
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
,
a
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
in
ter
p
r
eta
tio
n
o
f
d
a
ta
.
F
u
r
th
ermo
r
e,
th
is
p
r
o
vid
es
a
n
s
w
ers
to
th
e
s
ta
teme
n
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
ex
ten
t
o
f
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
vita
lity
o
f
S
u
b
a
n
en
in
terms
o
f
S
o
cia
l
D
o
min
a
n
ce
P
a
tter
n
a
n
d
C
o
h
esiven
ess
,
fr
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
err
o
r
s
in
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
cin
g
w
o
r
d
s
w
ith
b
a
s
ic
I
P
A
vo
w
el
s
o
u
n
d
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
mma
r
y
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
in
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
cin
g
w
o
r
d
s
w
ith
b
a
s
ic
I
P
A
vo
w
el
s
o
u
n
d
s
.
”
(
T
h
esis
1
0
)
Mo
v
e
2
was
illu
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
s
ag
e
o
f
lin
g
u
is
tic
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
is
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
v
e
r
b
al
s
ig
n
als
an
d
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
n
u
m
e
r
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
v
er
b
s
an
d
p
h
r
ases
th
at
p
r
esen
t
f
o
r
th
co
m
in
g
r
esu
lts
lik
e
g
r
ap
h
s
,
d
ia
g
r
am
s
,
e
x
a
m
p
les,
an
d
tab
les
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
“
Ta
b
le
1
r
ev
ea
ls
th
e
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
u
s
ed
a
t h
o
me
b
y
th
e
kin
d
erg
a
r
ten
p
u
p
ils
.
”
(
T
h
esis
5
)
“
Th
e
ta
b
le
a
b
o
ve
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
a
n
ts
leve
l o
f v
o
ca
b
u
la
r
y
.
”
(
T
h
esis
7
)
Mo
v
e
3
w
as
id
e
n
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
lin
g
u
is
tic
clu
es
th
at
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
v
er
b
s
,
n
o
u
n
s
,
an
d
p
h
r
ases
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
eir
ex
am
p
les
ar
e
“
to
s
u
m
u
p
”
,
“
to
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
”
,
“
in
s
u
m
m
ar
y
”
,
an
d
“
i
n
b
r
ief
”
.
E
v
id
en
ce
s
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
v
e
in
cl
u
d
e:
“
Gen
era
lly
,
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
s
ta
ti
s
tica
l
co
mp
u
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ta
b
l
e
a
b
o
ve
,
th
e
ex
ten
t
u
s
e
o
f
g
a
d
g
ets
o
f
Gra
d
e
-
11
s
en
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
b
ta
in
ed
its
w
eig
h
ted
mea
n
o
f
2
.
5
8
a
n
d
its
o
ve
r
a
ll
in
terp
r
eted
a
s
“Hig
h
”
.”
(
T
h
esis
1
5
)
Mo
v
e
4
:
t
h
e
wr
iter
s
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
ter
m
s
th
at
c
o
n
v
e
y
ce
r
tain
ty
o
r
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
in
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
s
u
ch
as
“
s
ee
m
”
,
“
s
u
g
g
est
”
,
“
in
d
icate
”
,
“
ap
p
ea
r
”
,
an
d
m
o
d
al
v
er
b
s
lik
e
“
m
ay
”
,
“
m
ig
h
t
”
,
“
wo
u
ld
”
,
“
co
u
ld
”
,
an
d
“
lik
ely
to
”
.
T
h
e
s
e
v
er
b
al
s
ig
n
als
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
eith
er
th
e
ac
tiv
e
o
r
p
a
s
s
iv
e
v
o
ice
in
th
eir
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
m
.
I
n
ac
tiv
e
v
o
ice
,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
ac
tio
n
,
wh
ile
in
p
ass
iv
e
v
o
ice,
th
e
atten
tio
n
is
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
ath
er
th
an
t
h
e
o
n
e
wh
o
in
itiates
it
[
2
8
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
m
o
d
als,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
r
esu
lts
lar
g
ely
ali
g
n
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
9
]
,
wh
er
e
‘
m
ay
’
was
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
to
i
n
d
icate
‘
p
r
o
b
ab
i
lity
’
in
th
e
s
eg
m
en
ts
in
ten
d
e
d
to
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
ex
p
lo
r
ati
o
n
o
f
g
a
p
s
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e,
as we
ll a
s
in
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
s
tu
d
y
o
u
tco
m
es.
E
x
am
p
les o
f
t
h
is
m
o
v
e
a
r
e
as:
“
Th
is
mea
n
s
th
a
t
th
e
leve
l
o
f
th
e
a
ca
d
emic
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
u
p
ils
in
th
eir
Mo
th
er
To
n
g
u
e
s
u
b
ject
is
w
ith
in
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f “s
a
tis
fa
cto
r
y”
.
”
(
T
h
esis
1
)
“
Th
is
in
d
ica
tes
th
a
t
th
e
Gra
d
e
3
p
u
p
ils
if
Mil
a
g
r
o
s
a
E
leme
n
ta
r
y
S
ch
o
o
l
c
a
n
e
a
s
ily
r
ea
d
t
h
e
text
a
n
d
ca
n
co
r
r
ec
tly
co
mp
r
eh
en
d
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
w
r
itten
in
Mo
th
er To
n
g
u
e
o
r
in
th
eir fi
r
s
t
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
.
”
(
T
h
esis
2
)
Mo
v
e
5
em
p
lo
y
s
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
o
s
e
in
M
o
v
e
3
.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
“
i
n
s
u
m
”
an
d
“
in
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
”
ar
e
ev
id
en
t
in
t
h
e
ex
ce
r
p
ts
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
is
tin
ctio
n
is
th
at
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
in
Mo
v
e
5
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
b
y
c
o
m
m
en
ts
o
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
v
e
r
all
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
Mo
v
e
3
u
s
u
ally
c
o
m
es
b
ef
o
r
e
d
etailed
r
esu
lts
.
E
x
am
p
les o
f
th
is
m
o
v
e
ar
e
as:
“
Th
erefo
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
fr
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
th
a
t
th
ere
w
a
s
n
o
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t
r
ela
ti
o
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
h
a
b
it
in
w
a
tch
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
mo
vi
es
a
n
d
th
eir
leve
l
o
f
vo
ca
b
u
la
r
y
co
mp
eten
ce
.
”
(
T
h
esis
1
4
)
“
Th
erefo
r
e,
a
ll
in
d
ica
to
r
s
p
r
o
ve
a
s
ig
n
ifica
n
t
d
iffer
en
ce
in
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
”
(
T
h
esis
5
)
Mo
v
e
6
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
o
t
h
p
r
esen
t
an
d
p
ast
s
im
p
le
ten
s
es.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
im
p
le
ten
s
e
is
u
s
ed
to
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
er
m
s
s
u
ch
as
‘
v
alu
e’
,
‘
b
en
ef
it’
,
‘
ad
v
an
tag
e’
,
an
d
‘
ess
en
tial’
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
.
E
x
am
p
le
o
f
th
is
m
o
v
e
in
clu
d
es th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
740
-
750
746
“
Mo
r
eo
ve
r
,
th
is
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
id
ea
th
a
t
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
h
a
vin
g
h
i
g
h
h
a
b
its
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
b
u
t it
d
o
es n
o
t a
s
s
is
t th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
g
ettin
g
b
etter a
ca
d
emic
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
.
”
(
T
h
esis
4
)
To
ac
h
iev
e
Mo
v
e
7
,
p
r
esen
t
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
s
im
p
le
ten
s
es
ar
e
d
o
m
in
an
tly
s
ee
n
,
alo
n
g
with
th
em
ar
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
d
al
v
er
b
s
wh
ich
we
r
e
o
f
te
n
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
m
ak
in
g
claim
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
E
x
am
p
le
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
v
e
in
cl
u
d
es:
“
Th
e
u
s
e
o
f
To
n
e
A
n
a
lyzer
is
a
ls
o
a
g
o
o
d
h
elp
a
s
it
s
o
mewh
a
t
va
lid
a
tes
th
e
p
r
e
-
a
n
a
lysi
s
ma
d
e
b
y
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
er
a
s
to
th
e
to
p
fr
eq
u
en
t
w
o
r
d
s
a
n
d
p
h
r
a
s
es
s
h
o
w
in
g
th
e
d
o
min
a
tin
g
id
e
a
o
f
h
a
tr
ed
o
r
a
n
g
er a
s
a
n
emo
tio
n
a
n
d
g
i
ve
s
fu
r
th
er th
e
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
tyle
u
s
ed
.
”
(
T
h
esis
1
1
)
T
h
ese
lin
g
u
is
tic
f
ea
tu
r
es
in
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
esis
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
au
th
o
r
ed
b
y
E
SL
lear
n
er
s
lies
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
th
ese
f
ea
t
u
r
es
im
p
ac
t
th
e
clar
ity
,
co
h
e
r
en
ce
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
E
SL
lear
n
er
s
’
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
ese
lin
g
u
is
tic
f
ea
tu
r
es
co
u
ld
r
ef
lect
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ici
en
cy
lev
el,
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
f
am
iliar
ity
w
ith
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
s
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
clea
r
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
m
aster
y
o
f
g
e
n
r
e
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
a
te
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
.
3
.
3
.
Rhet
o
ric
a
l
pa
t
t
er
ns
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
wr
itten
b
y
E
SL
lea
r
n
er
s
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
m
o
v
e
p
atter
n
s
.
An
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
h
eto
r
ical
m
o
v
e
p
atter
n
s
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
eg
m
en
ts
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
th
eses
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
p
atter
n
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
ty
p
ically
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
o
n
l
y
f
o
u
r
to
s
ix
m
o
v
es.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
2
,
s
ev
er
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
r
h
eto
r
ical
m
o
v
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
e
n
tifie
d
in
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
16
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
th
eses
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
en
tly
,
th
e
r
h
eto
r
ical
p
atter
n
s
M1
+M
2
+M
3
+M
4
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
tili
ze
d
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
a
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
3
1
.
2
5
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt,
h
o
wev
er
,
co
n
f
licts
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
Gao
an
d
Pra
m
o
o
ls
o
o
k
[
3
0
]
an
d
Hen
d
r
awa
n
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
,
wh
o
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
ewly
s
u
g
g
ested
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
3
m
o
v
es
an
d
1
2
s
tep
s
,
with
all
th
r
e
e
m
o
v
es
d
ee
m
ed
ess
en
tial.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
th
e
m
o
v
e
s
tep
s
,
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
o
v
es we
r
e
n
o
ted
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
r
h
et
o
r
ical
m
o
v
e
p
atter
n
s
in
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
R
h
e
t
o
r
i
c
a
l
mo
v
e
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
M
1
+
M
2
+
M
3
+
M
4
5
3
1
.
2
5
M
1
+
M
2
+
M
3
+
M
4
+
M
5
+
M
6
4
25
M
1
+
M
2
+
M
3
+
M
4
+
M
6
3
1
8
.
7
4
M
1
+
M
2
+
M
3
+
M
4
+
M
6
+
M
7
2
1
2
.
5
M
1
+
M
2
+
M
3
+
M
4
+
M
5
+
M
6
+
M
7
1
6
.
2
5
M
1
+
M
2
+
M
3
+
M
4
+
M
7
1
6
.
2
5
To
t
a
l
16
1
0
0
T
h
e
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
o
f
th
e
M
1
+M
2
+M
3
+M
4
p
atter
n
i
n
E
SL
lear
n
er
s
’
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
s
m
ig
h
t
b
e
d
u
e
to
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
.
T
h
i
s
p
atter
n
m
ay
b
e
em
p
h
asized
i
n
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
c
o
u
r
s
es
o
r
g
u
id
elin
es,
lead
in
g
E
SL
lear
n
er
s
to
ad
o
p
t
it
as
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
A
n
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
if
lo
g
ical
c
o
h
er
en
ce
.
T
h
is
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
t
p
r
esen
ts
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
an
d
co
h
e
r
en
t
m
an
n
er
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
r
ea
d
er
s
’
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
n
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
p
atter
n
M1
+M
2
+M
3
+M
4
m
ig
h
t
also
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
wid
ely
ac
ce
p
ted
n
o
r
m
s
in
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
,
wh
er
e
clar
ity
an
d
co
n
cisi
o
n
ar
e
v
alu
e
d
.
T
h
is
p
atter
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al
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to
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ts
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as
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n
d
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ch
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it
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d
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w
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y
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es
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m
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p
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x
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t
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h
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tte
n
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o
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is
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r
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,
o
r
t
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k
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ce
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cla
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o
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h
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n
l
ig
h
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o
f
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ce
n
t
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
,
th
e
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
o
f
AI
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ass
is
te
d
w
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it
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g
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o
ls
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to
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n
c
o
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ti
n
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s
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c
h
d
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g
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e
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ce
s
in
to
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t
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u
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y
e
n
h
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v
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n
ess
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n
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t
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o
n
.
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in
all
y
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f
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m
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4.
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f
co
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s
is
ten
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th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
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p
ar
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o
f
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u
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th
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Actio
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s
u
p
p
l
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g
b
ac
k
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r
o
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n
d
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f
o
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r
ep
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t
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d
s
u
m
m
a
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lts
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d
co
m
m
e
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tin
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o
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th
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lts
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id
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tifie
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d
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ter
p
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et
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r
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tly
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d
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f
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ly
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m
e
m
o
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m
ay
also
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lect
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ap
s
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th
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tu
d
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n
d
er
s
tan
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n
g
o
f
w
h
at
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ak
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tio
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co
m
p
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h
en
s
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d
ac
ad
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ically
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m
p
lete.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
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ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
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ex
p
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tr
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c
tio
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in
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ch
w
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itin
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o
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r
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ticu
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g
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tr
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ctu
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ely
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ated
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ly
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th
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d
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s
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io
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b
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to
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o
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w
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.
Ad
d
itio
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ally
,
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
th
e
co
r
p
u
s
to
in
cl
u
d
e
m
o
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am
p
les
f
r
o
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d
if
f
er
e
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t
in
s
titu
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an
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d
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th
e
n
th
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ap
p
licab
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th
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f
in
d
in
g
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Giv
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th
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cu
r
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’
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lim
itatio
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o
f
o
n
ly
1
6
th
eses
,
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
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k
wo
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l
d
b
en
ef
it
f
r
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r
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s
t
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tu
d
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u
tp
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lo
win
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o
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m
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e
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o
b
u
s
t
ex
p
lo
r
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o
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r
h
et
o
r
ical
p
atter
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
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M
A
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h
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was c
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f
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r
o
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g
a
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izatio
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s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
740
-
750
748
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Ma
r
y
J
o
y
V.
Her
e
d
ian
o
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
R
iziel
E
.
Secr
etar
io
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ar
n
o
ld
M.
Su
m
p
o
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
I
v
y
F.
Am
an
te
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
R
o
v
y
M.
B
an
g
u
is
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Gay
E
m
ely
n
L
.
L
ar
io
s
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
No
r
h
an
ie
D.
Ma
ca
r
a
o
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
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M
:
M
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y
So
:
So
f
t
w
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Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
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Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
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n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
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n
v
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s
t
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g
a
t
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R
:
R
e
so
u
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s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
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a
t
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o
n
O
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W
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i
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g
-
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l
D
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f
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:
W
r
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Vi
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su
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Su
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Su
p
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v
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s
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P
:
P
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mi
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Fu
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Fu
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g
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q
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CO
NF
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ST
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NT
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e
au
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s
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tate
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th
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y
d
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t
h
av
e
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y
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ec
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g
n
ize
d
f
i
n
an
cial
co
n
f
licts
o
f
i
n
ter
est
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
th
at
m
ay
h
a
v
e
im
p
ac
ted
th
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
th
at
b
ac
k
s
t
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
co
n
ta
ctin
g
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
a
u
th
o
r
,
[
MJVH]
.
T
h
is
d
ata
in
clu
d
es
d
etails
th
at
m
ay
jeo
p
ar
d
ize
th
e
c
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
u
b
jects,
wh
ich
is
wh
y
it is
n
o
t a
cc
ess
ib
le
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
lim
itat
io
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
M
.
S
w
a
l
e
s,
“
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
d
i
s
c
o
u
r
se
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
,
”
A
s
p
:
l
a
re
v
u
e
d
u
G
E
RA
S
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
p
p
.
7
–
1
9
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
0
0
0
/
a
s
p
.
4
7
7
4
.
[
2
]
A
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
“
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
u
ssi
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
d
i
a
n
S
o
c
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e
t
y
o
f
P
e
ri
o
d
o
n
t
o
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o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
4
2
1
–
4
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e
p
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2
0
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2
,
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:
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/
j
i
s
p
.
j
i
s
p
_
3
1
7
_
2
2
.
[
3
]
R
.
S
a
v
o
l
a
i
n
e
n
,
“
Th
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
d
i
sc
u
ss
i
o
n
se
c
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s:
t
h
e
c
a
se
o
f
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
-
s
e
e
k
i
n
g
st
u
d
i
e
s,
”
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
:
An
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
3
–
9
2
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
7
9
8
9
/
i
r
3
0
3
4
1
8
1
2
.
[
4
]
S
.
A
r
sy
a
d
,
M
.
Za
i
m,
a
n
d
D
.
S
u
sy
l
a
,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
y
l
e
i
n
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s
:
A
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
st
u
d
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
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n
t
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n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
En
g
l
i
s
h
-
med
i
u
m
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
s
i
n
me
d
i
c
a
l
s
c
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n
c
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s
,
”
D
i
sc
o
u
rse
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
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n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
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–
5
1
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
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:
1
0
.
5
8
1
7
/
D
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2
0
1
8
-
1
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2
8
.
[
5
]
W
.
A
mn
u
a
i
a
n
d
A
.
W
a
n
n
a
r
u
k
,
“
I
n
v
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s
t
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g
a
t
i
n
g
mo
v
e
st
r
u
c
t
u
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o
f
E
n
g
l
i
sh
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
l
i
n
g
u
i
st
i
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s
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t
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.
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