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Dig
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Ar
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AI
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[
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Lim S
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501
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[
2
]
.
Acc
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g
to
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[
3
]
,
a
d
ap
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latf
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s
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ater
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[
4
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.
T
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[
5
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.
T
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s
y
s
tem
s
n
ee
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
lar
g
e
v
o
l
u
m
es
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ata,
wh
ich
r
aises
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
t
h
is
d
ata
is
s
h
ar
ed
,
s
to
r
ed
,
an
d
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
ed
[
6
]
.
A
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
b
s
tacle
is
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
f
u
n
d
e
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
[
7
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
to
o
ls
r
u
n
s
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
ca
u
s
in
g
a
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
less
ac
ce
s
s
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
8
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
also
s
k
ep
ticis
m
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
eh
u
m
an
izatio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
as
d
etr
ac
to
r
s
co
n
ten
d
th
at
an
o
v
er
-
r
elian
ce
o
n
AI
m
ay
u
n
d
e
r
m
in
e
th
e
ess
en
tial
h
u
m
an
b
o
n
d
b
etwe
en
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
an
d
lear
n
er
s
[
1
]
.
C
ar
ef
u
l p
lan
n
in
g
,
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
lic
ies,
an
d
a
d
ed
icatio
n
to
g
u
ar
a
n
teein
g
f
air
ac
ce
s
s
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
g
e
n
er
ati
v
e
AI
h
as
f
u
r
th
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
u
n
h
ea
r
d
-
o
f
c
h
an
ce
s
f
o
r
cr
ea
ti
v
ity
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
[
9
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
n
o
w
c
r
ea
te
co
n
ten
t,
s
o
lv
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
t
with
n
ew
teac
h
in
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
th
a
n
k
s
to
t
o
o
ls
lik
e
C
h
atGPT
an
d
o
th
e
r
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
3
]
.
B
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
b
a
r
r
ier
s
r
elate
d
to
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
y
an
d
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
,
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
d
em
o
c
r
atize
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
0
]
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
lear
n
er
s
ca
n
n
o
w
lea
r
n
n
ew
s
k
ills
f
r
o
m
alm
o
s
t
an
y
wh
er
e
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
th
an
k
s
to
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
i
n
g
ap
p
s
,
v
ir
tu
al
tu
to
r
s
,
an
d
im
m
er
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
[
5
]
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
n
o
w
m
o
r
e
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
th
a
n
k
s
to
th
e
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ab
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
to
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
[
4
]
.
AI
en
ab
les
teac
h
er
s
to
d
ev
o
te
m
o
r
e
tim
e
to
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
v
alu
e
-
d
r
iv
en
teac
h
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
b
y
au
to
m
atin
g
r
ep
etitiv
e
task
s
lik
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
g
r
a
d
in
g
[
1
1
]
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
o
v
er
esti
m
a
te
h
o
w
AI
will
in
f
lu
en
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
AI
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
tack
le
im
p
o
r
tan
t
g
lo
b
al
is
s
u
es
lik
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
an
d
th
e
u
p
s
k
illi
n
g
o
f
a
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
in
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
r
ap
id
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
c
em
en
ts
as
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tin
u
es
to
ad
v
an
ce
.
Platfo
r
m
s
f
o
r
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
lea
r
n
in
g
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
lear
n
er
s
o
f
al
l
ag
es
with
tailo
r
ed
co
n
ten
t,
en
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
a
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
cu
ltu
r
e
[
1
2
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
ch
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
r
o
te
lear
n
in
g
to
m
o
r
e
ex
p
er
ien
tial
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
will
b
e
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
th
e
a
n
ticip
ated
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tices
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ab
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
3
]
.
Po
lic
y
m
ak
er
s
an
d
lead
e
r
s
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t
n
o
w
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
m
ax
im
ize
AI
’
s
ad
v
an
tag
es
wh
ile
r
ed
u
c
in
g
its
r
is
k
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
id
en
tify
in
g
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
,
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
AI
p
o
licy
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice,
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
n
eth
ical
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast
to
ea
r
lier
r
e
v
iews,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
g
iv
es
em
p
ir
ical
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ch
an
g
in
g
f
ield
o
f
AI
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
u
s
in
g
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
to
o
ls
to
m
ap
AI
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
in
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
m
an
n
er
.
Usi
n
g
to
p
ic
clu
s
ter
in
g
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
v
is
u
al
izatio
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ese
ar
ch
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
AI
an
d
id
en
tifie
s
ar
ea
s
th
at
n
ee
d
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
ch
o
lar
ly
atten
tio
n
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
is
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
em
p
lo
y
s
an
in
teg
r
ated
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
th
at
cr
itically
in
teg
r
ate
s
n
ew
tr
en
d
s
lik
e
d
i
g
ital
eq
u
it
y
an
d
g
e
n
er
ativ
e
A
I
with
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
al
(
SDG
)
4
an
d
p
o
licy
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
w
h
ile
m
a
p
p
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
th
em
atic
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
v
er
a
ten
-
y
ea
r
p
er
i
o
d
(
2
0
1
5
–
2
0
2
4
)
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
b
in
es
em
p
ir
ical
tr
en
d
s
with
g
lo
b
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
io
r
ities
in
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e,
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
m
an
n
er
,
u
n
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
f
r
a
g
m
en
ted
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
o
f
f
er
s
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
r
o
ad
m
ap
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
,
p
o
licy
,
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
in
AI
-
e
n
h
an
ce
d
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
with
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
al
y
s
es
an
d
ar
e
as:
i)
t
o
id
e
n
tify
th
e
m
ain
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
tr
en
d
s
a
n
d
th
e
m
es
in
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
to
2
0
2
4
;
ii)
t
o
an
aly
ze
k
e
y
co
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
;
a
n
d
iii)
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
AI
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
its
f
u
tu
r
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
ich
m
eth
o
d
ically
lo
o
k
s
at
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
an
d
p
atter
n
s
with
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
ield
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
is
a
cr
u
cial
to
o
l
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
in
g
th
e
s
tate
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
r
esear
ch
[
1
6
]
.
I
t
g
i
v
es
r
esear
ch
er
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
in
p
o
in
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t w
o
r
k
s
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ig
u
r
es,
an
d
n
ew
tr
en
d
s
,
g
i
v
in
g
th
e
m
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
th
e
d
is
cip
lin
e
’
s
in
tellectu
al
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
[
1
7
]
.
W
h
en
it
co
m
es
to
AI
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
th
e
f
ield
h
as
ch
an
g
e
d
o
v
er
tim
e,
wh
ich
ar
ea
s
h
av
e
attr
ac
ted
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
ter
est,
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
[
1
8
]
.
Ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
J
alen
iau
s
k
ien
ė
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
,
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
an
aly
s
is
h
elp
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
m
ak
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
s
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
in
f
l
u
en
ce
an
d
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
26
:
500
-
510
502
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
al
y
s
is
is
a
k
ey
elem
en
t
o
f
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
r
esea
r
ch
th
at
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity
an
d
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
l
y
wo
r
k
s
.
I
t
ev
alu
ates
au
th
o
r
s
,
jo
u
r
n
als,
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
’
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ata
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
in
f
lu
en
tial
r
esear
ch
o
n
a
g
i
v
en
s
u
b
ject
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
lead
in
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
th
at
ad
v
an
ce
th
e
f
ield
is
f
ac
ilit
a
ted
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
al
y
s
is
f
o
r
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
1
]
.
Sch
o
lar
s
ca
n
u
s
e
it
to
f
in
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
in
v
esti
g
ate
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
th
e
g
lo
b
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
2
2
]
.
I
t
also
lo
o
k
s
at
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
tr
en
d
s
in
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
id
en
tifie
s
h
ig
h
-
im
p
ac
t
p
ap
er
s
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
-
d
ep
th
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
k
ey
tex
ts
,
w
r
iter
s
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
itatio
n
-
b
ased
r
an
k
in
g
s
th
at
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
b
est
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
n
atio
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
m
ad
e
m
ajo
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
f
ield
will
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
b
y
th
e
an
aly
s
is
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
will
b
e
d
ep
icted
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
u
t
p
u
ts
lik
e
citatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
a
n
d
co
-
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
i
p
m
ap
s
[
1
8
]
.
A
r
o
ad
m
a
p
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
will
b
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
th
ese
o
u
t
p
u
ts
,
wh
ich
will
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
th
em
es
an
d
n
ew
tr
en
d
s
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
will
b
e
a
u
s
ef
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
allo
win
g
th
em
to
id
en
tif
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
l
ay
er
s
,
r
a
n
k
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
r
io
r
ities
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
g
lo
b
al
co
o
p
er
atio
n
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
e
n
d
,
t
h
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
will
h
elp
u
s
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
h
o
w
AI
is
ch
an
g
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
etter
an
d
d
ir
ec
t o
u
r
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
o
p
tim
ize
its
p
o
ten
tial f
o
r
s
o
cieta
l g
o
o
d
[
2
0
]
.
2
.
1
.
Sea
rc
h
s
t
ring
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
n
AI
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
ca
r
ef
u
lly
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
tar
g
ete
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
in
T
a
b
le
1
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
(
W
o
S)
d
atab
ase,
a
h
i
g
h
ly
r
ep
u
tab
le
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
i
n
d
ex
in
g
q
u
ality
r
esear
ch
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
tim
e
f
r
am
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
p
an
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
to
2
0
2
4
,
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
l
y
in
ter
est
in
AI
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
d
ec
ad
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
o
en
h
a
n
ce
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
tar
g
ets
th
e
t
itle
(
T
I
)
f
ield
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
o
n
ly
a
r
ticles
ex
p
licitly
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
co
m
b
in
e
ter
m
s
s
u
ch
as
“a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
”
OR
“AI
”
with
“e
d
u
ca
t
*
”
(
a
tr
u
n
ca
ted
f
o
r
m
e
n
co
m
p
ass
in
g
wo
r
d
s
lik
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tin
g
)
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
etr
iev
al
o
f
r
elev
an
t liter
atu
r
e
[
1
8
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
W
o
S
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
A
LL
Ti
me
p
e
r
i
o
d
2
0
1
5
t
o
2
0
2
4
S
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
e
l
d
TI
S
e
a
r
c
h
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
“
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
”
O
R
“
AI
”
A
N
D
“
e
d
u
c
a
t
*
”
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
t
y
p
e
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
En
g
l
i
sh
O
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
A
l
l
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
W
o
S
i
n
d
e
x
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
I
n
d
e
x
(
S
S
C
I
)
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
e
x
cl
u
d
es
alt
er
n
ati
v
e
f
o
r
m
ats
l
ik
e
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
p
r
o
c
ee
d
i
n
g
s
o
r
r
e
v
i
ews
an
d
s
o
l
ely
c
o
v
e
r
s
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
co
n
ce
n
t
r
at
in
g
o
n
p
ee
r
-
r
e
v
i
ewe
d
r
esea
r
ch
.
I
n
k
ee
p
i
n
g
wit
h
t
h
e
l
an
g
u
a
g
e
o
f
s
c
h
o
l
ar
l
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
ti
o
n
,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
is
als
o
r
es
tr
ict
e
d
t
o
E
n
g
lis
h
-
la
n
g
u
ag
e
p
u
b
li
ca
t
i
o
n
s
[
2
5
]
.
E
v
e
r
y
o
p
e
n
-
ac
ce
s
s
p
a
p
e
r
is
ta
k
e
n
i
n
t
o
ac
c
o
u
n
t,
g
u
a
r
a
n
t
ee
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
th
e
ch
o
s
e
n
s
t
u
d
ies
ar
e
p
u
b
li
cl
y
a
v
aila
b
l
e
t
o
t
h
e
s
c
ie
n
ti
f
i
c
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
o
g
u
a
r
a
n
t
ee
th
a
t
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
i
n
cl
u
d
es
c
r
e
d
ib
l
e
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
-
im
p
a
ct
r
es
ea
r
c
h
in
th
e
s
o
ci
al
s
cie
n
ce
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
d
o
m
ai
n
s
,
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
is
f
u
r
th
er
n
ar
r
o
w
ed
to
o
n
l
y
i
n
c
lu
d
e
p
a
p
e
r
s
lis
te
d
i
n
t
h
e
So
c
ial
Sci
en
ce
s
C
ita
ti
o
n
I
n
d
e
x
(
SS
C
I
)
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
cle
ar
i
n
c
lu
s
io
n
s
t
r
at
e
g
y
g
u
a
r
a
n
te
es
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
,
ta
r
g
et
ed
,
a
n
d
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
b
i
b
li
o
m
et
r
ic
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
f
e
r
s
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
t
o
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
r
esea
r
ch
t
r
e
n
d
s
,
s
e
m
i
n
a
l
p
a
p
e
r
s
,
an
d
d
e
v
el
o
p
i
n
g
th
em
e
s
i
n
AI
a
p
p
li
ca
t
io
n
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
b
y
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
h
ig
h
-
ca
li
b
e
r
,
o
p
e
n
-
a
cc
ess
li
te
r
at
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
ast t
e
n
y
e
ar
s
[
1
8
]
.
A
s
tr
o
n
g
b
asis
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
ev
o
l
u
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
ci
p
l
in
e
a
n
d
p
i
n
p
o
i
n
ti
n
g
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
a
r
e
as
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
s
tu
d
y
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
ic
al
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
,
w
h
ic
h
als
o
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
’
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
u
s
e
f
u
l
n
ess
.
T
h
e
PR
I
SMA
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t
f
ilter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
itially
,
3
,
0
1
7
r
ec
o
r
d
s
wer
e
r
etr
iev
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
W
o
S
d
atab
ase.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
f
ilter
in
g
b
y
p
u
b
licatio
n
y
ea
r
(
2
0
1
5
–
2
0
2
4
)
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
d
ataset
to
2
,
8
8
8
r
ec
o
r
d
s
.
Nex
t,
o
n
ly
o
p
en
-
ac
ce
s
s
,
E
n
g
lis
h
-
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
ie
wed
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
wer
e
r
e
tain
ed
(
1
,
7
1
4
r
ec
o
r
d
s
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
ex
cl
u
d
in
g
n
o
n
-
SS
C
I
-
in
d
ex
ed
ar
ticles,
y
ield
in
g
a
f
in
al
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
2
9
1
ar
ti
cles.
T
h
e
PR
I
SMA
f
lo
wch
ar
t
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
is
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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E
v
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&
R
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d
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N:
2252
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ith
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d
e
n
t
o
n
i
ts
t
o
o
ls
a
n
d
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
eg
u
l
at
o
r
y
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
to
g
u
ar
an
te
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
le
u
s
e.
A
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
-
wi
d
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
f
o
r
t
ac
k
li
n
g
A
I
et
h
ics
i
n
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
H
o
l
m
es
et
a
l
.
[
3
4
]
a
n
d
e
th
ic
al
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
ti
o
n
s
e
m
e
r
g
e
as
a
m
a
jo
r
th
em
e.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
ce
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
il
it
y
,
e
q
u
it
y
,
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
e
n
c
y
i
n
A
I
s
y
s
t
em
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
m
o
r
al
ap
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
.
I
n
k
e
e
p
i
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
is
c
o
n
c
ep
t,
P
o
p
e
n
i
ci
a
n
d
Ke
r
r
[
3
7
]
in
v
esti
g
at
e
A
I
’
s
wi
d
e
r
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
.
T
h
ey
em
p
h
as
ize
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
ti
v
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
AI
a
n
d
th
e
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
c
e
o
f
e
q
u
i
p
p
i
n
g
in
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
e
d
u
ca
t
o
r
s
t
o
d
ea
l
wit
h
t
h
ese
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
ic
al
s
h
if
ts
.
3.
3.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
to
2
0
2
4
o
f
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
ap
p
lied
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
s
o
f
h
o
w
AI
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
a
ctice
s
ar
e
ch
an
g
in
g
to
g
eth
er
.
As
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
r
e
d
ef
in
in
g
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
s
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
AI
.
B
y
b
r
in
g
in
g
ad
a
p
tiv
e,
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es,
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
liter
atu
r
e,
ch
allen
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
th
eo
r
ies o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
d
te
ac
h
in
g
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
y
f
ac
ilit
ate
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lea
r
n
in
g
p
ath
wa
y
s
th
at
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
ac
tiv
e
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
a
n
d
s
k
ill
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
b
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
d
iv
i
d
e
b
etwe
en
b
eh
av
io
r
is
t
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
is
t
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
i
s
p
lace
s
AI
at
th
e
f
o
r
ef
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
to
d
a
y
an
d
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
eo
r
ies
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ex
p
er
ien
tial
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
tiated
lear
n
i
n
g
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
s
h
o
w
th
at
g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
t
o
o
ls
lik
e
C
h
atGPT
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
e
p
r
ev
alen
t,
a
d
d
in
g
lay
er
s
o
f
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
to
c
u
r
r
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
n
ew
th
eo
r
ies
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
ig
ital
eq
u
ity
,
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
-
m
ac
h
in
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
[
2
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
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c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
F
r
o
m
a
lg
o
r
ith
ms to
cla
s
s
r
o
o
ms:
a
d
ec
a
d
e
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
r
esea
r
ch
(
Lim S
eo
n
g
P
ek
)
507
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
m
p
ar
e
d
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
to
estab
lis
h
b
r
o
ad
er
r
esear
ch
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
AI
’
s
p
o
te
n
tial in
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wh
ile
r
ai
s
in
g
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
eth
ical
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
Un
lik
e
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
[
5
]
,
[
3
5
]
,
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
h
o
lis
tic
v
iew
o
f
AI
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
,
lead
i
n
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
o
le
o
f
g
en
er
ati
v
e
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
alig
n
s
with
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asizin
g
C
h
atGPT
’
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
[
2
7
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
AI
eth
ics
an
d
d
ig
ita
l
eq
u
ity
r
em
ain
lar
g
ely
u
n
r
eso
lv
ed
,
as p
o
in
ted
o
u
t in
r
ec
en
t r
es
ea
r
ch
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
f
ea
s
ib
le
way
s
to
ap
p
ly
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
I
t
s
h
o
wca
s
e
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
wo
r
k
s
b
y
well
-
k
n
o
wn
wr
iter
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
an
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
th
at
s
et
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ak
h
m
ad
ie
v
a
e
t
a
l.
[
4
0
]
,
ad
a
p
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
ar
e
u
s
ef
u
l
way
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es,
le
s
s
en
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
wo
r
k
lo
a
d
s
,
an
d
d
e
m
o
cr
atize
ac
ce
s
s
to
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
ettin
g
s
with
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
o
f
f
e
r
s
c
a
l
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l w
a
y
s
t
o
m
e
e
t t
h
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
d
iv
er
s
e
le
ar
n
er
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Af
za
al
et
a
l.
[
4
2
]
,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
n
atio
n
s
lik
e
C
h
in
a
an
d
Au
s
tr
alia
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
n
atio
n
al
in
v
estme
n
ts
in
AI
r
esear
ch
an
d
p
o
licy
-
m
ak
in
g
ca
n
r
esu
lt
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
o
f
f
er
a
p
ath
f
o
r
war
d
f
o
r
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
o
p
in
g
to
ca
p
italize
o
n
AI
’
s
p
o
ten
tial.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
id
en
tifie
s
k
ey
t
h
em
es
an
d
em
e
r
g
in
g
tr
en
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
o
f
g
en
er
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
A
I
with
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
h
av
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
am
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
g
o
in
g
f
o
r
wa
r
d
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
le
ar
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
n
ee
d
to
ch
a
n
g
e
to
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
AI
-
r
ic
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
w
o
r
ld
wid
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
er
e
m
ay
b
e
c
h
an
ce
s
f
o
r
cr
o
s
s
-
b
o
r
d
er
co
o
p
er
atio
n
to
tack
le
s
h
ar
ed
is
s
u
es
an
d
tak
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
v
iewp
o
in
t
s
in
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
4
7
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
ad
v
an
ce
s
o
u
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
u
s
es
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
c
atio
n
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
ics
lik
e
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
AI
in
a
n
eth
ical
m
an
n
er
,
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
[
4
8
]
,
[
4
9
]
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
ese
in
s
ig
h
t
s
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
ad
d
r
ess
AI
’
s
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
its
ad
v
an
tag
es,
o
p
en
in
g
th
e
d
o
o
r
to
a
cr
ea
ti
v
e
an
d
eg
alitar
ian
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t [
5
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
i
s
b
ib
l
io
m
e
tr
ic
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
s
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
iv
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
c
at
io
n
b
y
d
o
cu
m
en
t
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
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y
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s
r
a
p
id
d
ev
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m
en
t
an
d
w
id
e
r
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g
e
o
f
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
5
to
2
0
2
4
.
B
y
au
to
m
a
tin
g
ad
m
in
i
s
t
r
a
tiv
e
t
as
k
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
ity
,
an
d
o
f
f
er
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
a
li
ze
d
le
ar
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t
s
AI
’
s
p
o
ten
ti
al
to
co
m
p
le
te
ly
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
tea
ch
i
n
g
an
d
le
ar
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
es
s
.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
we
ll
-
k
n
o
wn
s
ch
o
la
r
s
,
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
s
,
an
d
n
at
io
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
e
a
co
o
p
e
r
a
tiv
e
in
t
er
n
a
tio
n
al
ef
f
o
r
t
to
in
v
e
s
tig
at
e
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
i
l
it
ie
s
o
f
AI
an
d
ta
ck
l
e
it
s
d
if
f
ic
u
l
ti
e
s
.
L
e
ad
in
g
th
em
e
s
l
ik
e
g
en
e
r
at
iv
e
AI
,
ad
ap
t
iv
e
lea
r
n
in
g
,
an
d
s
u
s
ta
in
ab
l
e
ed
u
c
at
io
n
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t
AI
i
s
in
i
n
f
lu
en
c
in
g
m
o
d
er
n
t
ea
ch
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
o
b
s
tacle
s
ar
e
also
n
o
ted
b
y
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
,
s
u
ch
as
m
o
r
al
d
ilem
m
as,
d
ig
ital
d
is
p
ar
ities
,
an
d
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
AI
.
Mu
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
esear
ch
in
i
tiativ
es,
f
air
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
p
o
licies
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
ese.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
alig
n
s
with
SDG
4
—
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
—
b
y
a
d
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
eq
u
itab
le
ac
ce
s
s
to
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
ls
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
clu
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
all.
Fo
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
lo
o
k
i
n
g
t
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
u
s
e
AI
,
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
-
im
p
ac
t
p
ap
er
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
em
er
g
in
g
tr
e
n
d
s
o
f
f
er
in
v
alu
ab
le
g
u
id
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
v
o
ca
tes
f
o
r
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
eth
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
th
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
to
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
an
d
a
g
r
ea
ter
e
m
p
h
asis
o
n
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
.
I
t
also
ac
ts
as
a
r
o
ad
m
ap
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
ca
n
u
n
leash
AI
’
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
o
ten
tial
an
d
b
u
ild
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
v
en
tiv
e,
eq
u
itab
le,
an
d
f
lex
ib
l
e
lear
n
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
c
o
m
in
g
g
en
e
r
atio
n
s
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
an
d
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
A
I
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was su
p
p
o
r
ted
an
d
f
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
I
NT
I
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Ma
lay
s
ia.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
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h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
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s
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th
e
C
o
n
t
r
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u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
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y
(
C
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to
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th
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tio
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,
r
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au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
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co
llab
o
r
atio
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.
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[
1
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.
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.
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n
,
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[
6
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W
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d
a
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t
i
,
H
a
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o
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.
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.
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ca
tio
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r
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(
Lim S
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ek
)
509
[
1
9
]
E.
J
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D
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[
2
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mez
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2
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[
2
5
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.
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2
6
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(
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[
2
7
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.
C
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[
2
8
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