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2
I
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Vo
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15
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No
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1
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Feb
r
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20
2
6
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ab
lin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
to
o
ls
.
I
n
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
r
id
g
es
ex
is
tin
g
g
ap
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
g
am
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
f
o
r
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
aim
ed
at
en
h
a
n
cin
g
lear
n
in
g
,
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t in
c
h
ild
r
en
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
was
co
n
d
u
cted
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
tly
an
d
m
e
th
o
d
ically
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
a
n
aly
s
is
(
PR
I
SMA)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
r
ed
u
ce
s
b
ias
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
a
clea
r
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
r
e
v
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
r
o
m
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic
to
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
[
7
]
.
2
.
1
.
I
dentif
ica
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
s
tar
ts
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tu
d
ies
to
ad
d
r
ess
r
esear
ch
in
q
u
ir
ies.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
(
W
o
S
)
,
Sco
p
u
s
,
a
n
d
I
E
E
E
Xp
l
o
r
e
to
id
en
tify
r
elev
an
t
p
ap
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
y
y
ield
e
d
8
4
5
ar
ticles,
with
5
5
7
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
r
o
m
W
o
S,
1
6
9
f
r
o
m
Sco
p
u
s
,
an
d
1
1
9
f
r
o
m
I
E
E
E
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
in
g
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
q
u
er
y
8
4
5
item
s
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
m
p
ted
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
to
in
cl
u
d
e
“
p
h
y
g
ital
”
,
“
p
h
y
s
ical
-
d
ig
ital
”
,
“
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
”
,
an
d
“
g
am
es
”
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ter
m
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital g
am
es b
ased
o
n
p
r
i
o
r
r
esear
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tu
d
ies f
o
r
r
ev
iew
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
h
yg
ita
l in
g
a
mes:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
iew
o
f tren
d
s
,
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
,
th
e
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
…
(
N
u
r
a
s
ila
h
Osma
n
)
3
2
.
2
.
Scre
ening
T
h
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
s
tep
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
s
ev
er
al
cr
iter
ia
to
id
en
tify
r
elev
an
t
m
ater
ials
.
On
ly
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
wr
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
4
,
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
.
E
x
clu
d
ed
m
ater
ials
co
m
p
r
is
e
d
th
o
s
e
wr
itten
in
o
th
er
lan
g
u
ag
es,
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
2
0
2
0
,
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
non
-
r
esear
c
h
item
s
s
u
ch
as
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
b
o
o
k
s
,
n
o
tes,
ed
ito
r
ials
,
letter
s
,
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
s
u
r
v
ey
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
1
0
3
d
u
p
licate
ar
ticles
wer
e
elim
in
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
it
ial
d
ataset.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
5
0
2
o
u
t
o
f
7
4
2
ar
ticles
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
o
r
n
o
t m
ee
tin
g
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
2
.
3
.
E
lig
ibi
lity
T
h
e
ar
ticles we
r
e
in
itial
ly
g
ath
er
ed
an
d
f
ilter
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
id
e
n
tical
elig
ib
ilit
y
r
ev
iews.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
th
ir
d
s
tag
e,
k
n
o
wn
as
eli
g
ib
ilit
y
,
th
e
titl
es
an
d
ess
en
tial
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
all
ar
ticles
wer
e
ca
r
e
f
u
lly
e
x
am
in
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
ey
m
et
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
.
Af
ter
r
e
v
iewin
g
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
ap
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
itial
s
tag
e,
2
1
4
wer
e
elim
in
ate
d
as th
ey
w
er
e
ir
r
elev
an
t to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ar
ea
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
4
.
I
nclud
ed
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
elig
ib
ilit
y
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
ti
n
en
t
p
ap
er
s
to
b
e
ex
am
i
n
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
2
6
,
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
elec
te
d
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
in
clu
s
i
o
n
cr
iter
ia
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
d
ataset
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
tr
en
d
s
,
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
en
a
b
lin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
g
a
m
es.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Sy
n
th
esis
an
aly
s
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
an
ex
ce
l
s
p
r
ea
d
s
h
ee
t
:
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
iled
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
v
en
to
r
y
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
an
E
x
ce
l
s
p
r
ea
d
s
h
ee
t
.
T
h
e
in
v
en
to
r
y
in
clu
d
ed
k
e
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
au
th
o
r
(
s
)
,
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
titl
e,
co
u
n
tr
y
,
r
esear
ch
s
am
p
l
es,
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e,
t
o
o
ls
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
u
s
ed
,
an
d
asp
ec
ts
o
f
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
O
n
ly
s
tu
d
ies
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
a
n
d
2
0
2
4
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
cu
r
r
en
c
y
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
g
am
es
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
ess
en
tial
in
ter
f
ac
e
elem
en
ts
,
wh
ile
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
o
w
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital c
o
n
tex
t c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes to
en
g
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
Ph
y
g
ital to
o
ls
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
g
am
es
wer
e
also
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
t
o
id
en
t
if
y
p
r
ev
ailin
g
t
r
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
d
ata
was th
en
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
,
tab
u
lat
ed
,
an
d
in
ter
p
r
eted
to
o
r
g
a
n
ize
an
d
e
x
p
lain
th
e
k
e
y
d
is
co
v
er
ies ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
in
clu
d
ed
s
tu
d
ies.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
2
6
p
a
p
er
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
ic
h
ex
a
m
in
e
d
th
e
attr
ib
u
tes
an
d
u
s
er
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
an
d
to
o
ls
u
tili
ze
d
in
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
ese
s
elec
te
d
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
tr
en
d
s
,
k
ey
d
esig
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
h
y
g
ital g
am
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
3
.
1
.
T
re
nd
o
f
us
ing
ph
y
g
it
a
l
inte
rf
a
ce
in g
a
m
es
T
h
e
p
an
d
em
ic
h
as
ac
ce
ler
ated
th
e
d
ig
italizatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
we
m
u
s
t
ad
ju
s
t
to
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
q
u
ar
an
tin
e
p
o
licies
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
cr
is
is
.
Ho
wev
er
,
we
s
tar
ted
to
a
d
ju
s
t
to
th
e
r
ea
l
wo
r
l
d
w
h
en
th
e
q
u
ar
a
n
tin
e
was
lifte
d
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
we
f
a
ce
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
p
h
y
g
ital
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
i
n
wh
ich
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
v
ir
t
u
al
wo
r
ld
s
is
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
less
clea
r
[
8
]
.
W
ith
th
e
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
L
awr
y
[
9
]
,
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
at
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
wo
r
ld
s
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
b
lu
r
r
ed
.
A
g
r
o
win
g
tr
en
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
o
f
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es,
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
e
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
elem
e
n
ts
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
g
am
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
c
r
ea
te
n
ew
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
an
d
im
m
er
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
in
g
a
m
in
g
allo
ws
f
o
r
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
d
ee
p
er
g
am
ep
lay
lev
els,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
u
s
er
s
with
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
ag
en
cy
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
tan
g
ib
le
in
ter
f
ac
es
an
d
h
ap
tic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
d
ev
ices,
allo
win
g
th
em
to
s
h
ap
e
th
ei
r
g
am
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
m
o
tes
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
s
k
ills
,
m
ak
in
g
lear
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
[
1
2
]
.
Usi
n
g
a
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
also
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
cr
o
s
s
-
p
latf
o
r
m
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
en
h
an
ce
s
s
o
cial
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
es
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
a
ctiv
ities
,
en
h
an
cin
g
team
wo
r
k
an
d
g
am
e
p
lay
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Ov
e
r
all,
in
teg
r
atin
g
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
i
g
ital e
lem
en
ts
in
g
am
in
g
en
h
an
ce
s
team
wo
r
k
an
d
g
am
e
p
lay
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
a
ce
s
in
g
am
i
n
g
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
ca
n
f
o
s
ter
d
ee
p
e
r
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
am
o
n
g
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
i
n
ten
d
ed
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital in
ter
f
ac
es to
s
tu
d
y
h
o
w
th
ey
c
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
-
1
5
4
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fin
d
i
n
g
s
3
.
2
.
Cha
ra
c
t
er
is
t
ics o
f
ph
y
g
i
t
a
l int
er
f
a
ce
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
e
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
h
as
id
en
tifie
d
s
ev
er
al
k
e
y
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
f
ea
tu
r
es
in
clu
d
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
ity
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
,
a
n
d
m
u
ltis
en
s
o
r
y
elem
en
ts
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
o
cu
s
o
n
en
h
an
cin
g
u
s
er
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
len
d
ed
p
h
y
s
ical
-
d
ig
ital
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
L
ess
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
asp
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
co
n
te
x
tu
al
r
elev
a
n
ce
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
,
s
u
g
g
est o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
d
ee
p
e
r
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
in
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies f
o
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital i
n
ter
f
ac
e
3
.
2
.
1
.
H
y
bridi
za
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
a
u
n
iq
u
e
g
am
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
th
a
t
b
len
d
s
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
elem
en
ts
,
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
with
tan
g
ib
le
o
b
jects
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
s
h
ap
e
th
e
g
am
e
wo
r
ld
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
v
iew
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
th
eir
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
an
io
n
ap
p
s
lik
e
B
o
n
k
e
r
s
B
o
r
d
er
s
,
an
a
u
g
m
en
te
d
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
g
am
e
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
p
h
y
g
ital
lear
n
in
g
,
C
h
atu
r
v
ed
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
at
a
b
len
d
ed
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
elem
en
ts
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
u
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
g
a
m
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
th
e
p
h
y
s
icality
o
f
th
e
r
ea
l w
o
r
ld
with
t
h
e
lim
itles
s
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital r
e
alm
.
22
20
26
26
21
10
13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
H
y
b
r
i
d
i
sat
i
o
n
Ta
n
g
i
b
l
e
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
M
u
l
t
i
senso
r
y
/
M
u
l
t
i
mo
d
a
l
R
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
u
a
l
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
/
C
u
st
o
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
o
f
Phy
g
i
t
a
l
In
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
h
yg
ita
l in
g
a
mes:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
iew
o
f tren
d
s
,
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
,
th
e
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
…
(
N
u
r
a
s
ila
h
Osma
n
)
5
3
.
2
.
2
.
T
a
ng
ibl
es
An
o
th
er
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tic
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
in
g
am
es
is
tan
g
ib
le
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
a
n
g
ib
le
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
lay
er
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
p
h
y
s
ically
with
o
b
jects
o
r
elem
en
ts
with
in
th
e
g
am
e.
T
an
g
ib
le
o
b
jects
in
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
n
atu
r
al,
in
tu
i
tiv
e
way
o
f
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
8
]
.
Pra
ttico
an
d
L
am
b
er
ti
[
1
9
]
m
en
tio
n
ed
t
h
at
tan
g
ib
le
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
es
allo
w
u
s
er
s
to
m
a
n
ip
u
late
d
ig
ital
d
ata
p
h
y
s
ically
an
d
c
o
m
b
in
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ar
tef
ac
ts
with
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
m
ed
iated
d
ig
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
R
ef
lex
,
ca
n
m
an
ip
u
late
p
h
y
s
ical
ite
m
s
wh
ile
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
m
u
ltime
d
ia
co
n
ten
t
o
n
a
tab
let
s
cr
ee
n
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
tan
g
ib
le
in
ter
ac
tio
n
allo
ws
p
lay
er
s
to
h
av
e
a
m
o
r
e
tactile
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
b
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
v
ir
tu
al
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
wo
r
ld
s
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
I
nte
ra
ct
iv
e
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
te
r
ac
tiv
ity
th
at
en
h
an
ce
s
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
to
u
s
er
ac
tio
n
s
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
ag
en
cy
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
to
u
c
h
s
cr
ee
n
s
,
m
o
ti
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
g
estu
r
es,
ey
e
tr
a
ck
in
g
,
a
n
d
h
ap
tic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
m
an
ip
u
lat
e
d
ig
ital
co
n
ten
t,
n
av
i
g
ate
in
ter
f
ac
es,
an
d
cu
s
to
m
ize
th
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
s
h
o
r
t,
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
ity
in
g
a
m
ep
lay
f
ac
ilit
ates
d
y
n
am
ic
u
s
e
r
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
p
l
ay
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
P
er
s
o
na
lized
/
c
us
t
o
m
ized
Per
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
an
d
cu
s
to
m
iz
atio
n
ar
e
i
n
teg
r
al
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
a
ce
s
.
T
ailo
r
ed
an
d
ad
ap
te
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ca
ter
to
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
u
s
er
s
’
u
n
iq
u
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
ese
in
te
r
f
ac
es
lev
er
ag
e
u
s
er
d
ata
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
d
eliv
er
co
n
ten
t
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
r
elev
an
t
an
d
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
to
ea
ch
u
s
er
.
R
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
ca
n
e
n
h
an
c
e
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
r
eten
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
c
o
n
ten
t
th
at
ali
g
n
s
with
u
s
er
s
’
in
ter
ests
,
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
an
d
p
ast
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
ad
ap
ted
an
d
ev
o
l
v
ed
p
er
s
o
n
alize
co
n
ten
t
d
eliv
e
r
y
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
ize
o
p
tio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
er
p
r
o
f
iles
,
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
s
ettin
g
s
,
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
3
.
2
.
5
.
M
ultisen
s
o
ry
/
m
ultim
o
da
l
P
h
y
g
i
t
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
es
e
n
g
a
g
e
u
s
e
r
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
l
t
i
p
le
s
e
n
s
es
a
n
d
m
o
d
a
l
i
t
i
es
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
s
i
g
h
t
,
s
o
u
n
d
,
t
o
u
c
h
,
a
n
d
s
m
e
ll
.
I
t
c
r
e
a
te
s
r
i
c
h
a
n
d
im
m
e
r
s
i
v
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
es
t
h
at
s
t
im
u
l
a
t
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
es
s
i
m
u
lt
an
e
o
u
s
l
y
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
g
am
e
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
en
jo
y
ab
le
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
B
y
in
te
g
r
ati
n
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
y
in
p
u
ts
,
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
es
en
h
a
n
ce
u
s
er
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
o
n
w
h
i
le
p
r
o
m
o
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ev
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
s
k
i
ll
s
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
M
u
l
t
is
e
n
s
o
r
y
a
n
d
m
u
l
ti
m
o
d
a
l
it
y
d
e
s
i
g
n
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
ze
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
es
t
h
at
a
p
p
e
a
l
t
o
u
s
er
s
’
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
c
a
p
a
b
i
li
t
ie
s
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
T
o
h
a
n
d
K
i
r
s
c
h
n
e
r
[
3
1
]
,
i
t
c
a
n
e
n
a
b
l
e
p
l
a
y
e
r
s
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
u
d
i
o
c
u
e
s
,
t
a
c
t
i
l
e
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
,
a
n
d
v
i
s
u
a
l
a
n
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
c
a
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
lay
er
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
en
r
ich
in
g
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital in
ter
f
ac
e
.
3
.
2
.
6
.
Co
nte
x
t
ua
l
r
elev
a
nce
C
o
n
tex
tu
al
r
elev
an
ce
in
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
ese
in
ter
f
ac
es
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
co
n
ten
t
an
d
in
ter
a
ctio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
s
itu
atio
n
,
an
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
v
ir
t
u
al
co
n
ten
t
,
p
h
y
g
ital
in
te
r
f
ac
es
ca
n
ad
ap
t
an
d
tailo
r
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
a
n
d
task
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
Stu
d
i
es
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
t
h
at
r
elev
an
t
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
m
ak
e
th
e
g
am
e
f
ee
l
cl
o
s
er
to
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
u
s
in
g
lo
ca
ti
o
n
-
b
ased
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
co
n
tex
t
-
awa
r
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
u
s
er
s
’
co
n
tex
t
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Ov
er
all,
co
n
tex
tu
al
r
elev
an
ce
i
n
p
h
y
g
ital g
am
es c
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
.
3
.
2
.
7
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
inte
g
ra
t
i
o
n
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
in
teg
r
ate
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
p
lay
th
in
g
s
with
m
ec
h
an
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
af
f
o
r
d
a
n
ce
s
ca
n
cr
ea
tin
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
g
am
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
th
e
t
o
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
ese
in
ter
f
ac
es
lev
er
ag
e
v
a
r
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
d
is
p
lay
s
,
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
to
cr
ea
te
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
im
m
er
s
iv
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
am
less
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
elem
en
ts
in
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e.
I
n
s
u
m
,
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
th
e
in
te
r
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
AR
,
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
,
an
d
r
o
b
o
tics
ca
n
o
f
f
er
n
o
v
el
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
f
o
r
a
b
etter
q
u
ality
o
f
life
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
in
teg
r
ates
s
ev
en
k
ey
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
en
h
an
ce
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
b
y
b
len
d
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
elem
en
ts
.
T
an
g
ib
les
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
p
h
y
s
ical
o
b
jects
f
o
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
wh
ile
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
m
e
r
g
es
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
I
t
is
in
ter
ac
tiv
e,
allo
ws
d
y
n
am
ic
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
e
r
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
/
c
u
s
to
m
izatio
n
to
a
d
ap
t
t
o
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
.
Mu
ltis
en
s
o
r
y
/m
u
ltimo
d
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
en
h
an
ce
im
m
er
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
to
u
ch
,
s
o
u
n
d
,
a
n
d
v
is
io
n
,
wh
ile
co
n
te
x
tu
al
r
elev
an
ce
e
n
s
u
r
es
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
L
astl
y
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
em
b
ed
s
ad
v
an
ce
d
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
ed
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
elem
en
ts
m
ak
e
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital in
ter
f
ac
e
a
v
alu
ab
le
ass
et
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
en
ter
tain
m
en
t,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
-
1
5
6
3
.
3
.
P
hy
g
it
a
l int
er
f
a
ce
im
pr
o
v
es us
er
ex
perience
while
p
la
y
ing
g
a
m
es
T
h
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
id
e
n
tifie
d
k
e
y
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
asp
ec
ts
in
p
h
y
g
ital
g
am
es
,
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
with
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
ess
,
an
d
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
em
er
g
i
n
g
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t.
E
lem
e
n
ts
lik
e
p
lay
f
u
ln
ess
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
wer
e
also
n
o
ted
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
in
g
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t,
w
h
ile
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
ap
p
ea
r
ed
less
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
g
ap
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esea
r
ch
.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
esig
n
in
g
p
h
y
g
ital g
a
m
es th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t,
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
en
jo
y
a
b
le
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies f
o
r
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
u
s
in
g
p
h
y
g
i
tal
g
am
es
3
.
3
.
1
.
I
m
m
er
s
iv
e
Ph
y
g
ita
l
i
n
t
er
f
ac
es
c
r
ea
t
e
im
m
e
r
s
i
v
e
e
x
p
e
r
ie
n
ce
s
b
y
b
le
n
d
in
g
p
h
y
s
ic
al
a
n
d
d
i
g
it
al
el
em
en
ts
,
w
h
ic
h
en
v
e
lo
p
u
s
e
r
s
i
n
a
n
in
te
r
a
cti
v
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
AR
,
V
R
,
o
r
m
i
x
e
d
r
e
ali
ty
(
MR
)
o
v
e
r
lay
s
,
s
p
ati
al
s
o
u
n
d
,
v
is
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
h
ap
tic
f
e
ed
b
a
c
k
,
u
s
e
r
s
e
n
g
a
g
e
wit
h
c
o
n
te
n
t
i
n
a
h
i
g
h
l
y
i
m
m
e
r
s
i
v
e
t
h
a
t
cr
ea
t
es
a
m
o
r
e
r
e
alis
t
ic
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
[
3
7
]
.
S
o
m
e
r
esea
r
ch
i
n
d
i
ca
t
ed
th
at
i
m
m
e
r
s
i
v
e
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
s
f
o
s
te
r
u
s
e
r
s
’
l
o
n
g
-
te
r
m
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
m
o
ti
v
at
io
n
,
a
n
d
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
g
a
in
s
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
u
s
er
s
a
r
e
i
m
m
e
r
s
e
d
in
th
e
d
i
g
i
tal
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,
le
ad
in
g
to
d
ee
p
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
ac
ti
o
n
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
a
l
co
n
n
e
cti
o
n
[
4
0
]
.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l,
u
s
e
r
s
wh
o
a
r
e
im
m
e
r
s
e
d
in
p
h
y
g
i
tal
i
n
te
r
f
ac
es
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
a
m
e
m
o
r
a
b
l
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
e
r
ie
n
c
e,
l
ea
d
i
n
g
to
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
en
t
,
p
er
s
o
n
a
liz
ati
o
n
,
a
n
d
em
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
[
4
1
]
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
M
o
t
iv
a
t
io
n
Mo
tiv
atio
n
al
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
le
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
in
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t,
p
e
r
s
is
ten
ce
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
em
o
tio
n
s
,
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
,
an
d
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
[
4
2
]
.
Gam
e
d
esig
n
elem
en
ts
lik
e
lead
er
b
o
ar
d
s
,
g
am
if
icatio
n
,
r
ewa
r
d
s
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
o
tiv
a
te
u
s
er
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
g
o
als an
d
co
m
p
lete
task
s
with
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
en
j
o
y
m
en
t
[
4
3
]
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
d
esig
n
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
task
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
y
tap
p
in
g
in
to
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
m
o
tiv
ato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
au
t
o
n
o
m
y
,
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
an
d
r
elate
d
n
ess
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
lay
f
u
l
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
in
s
p
ir
e
u
s
er
s
to
en
g
ag
e
with
co
n
ten
t a
n
d
ac
h
iev
e
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
o
u
tco
m
es a
ctiv
ely
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
Sea
m
less
i
nte
g
ra
t
io
n
On
e
o
f
th
e
cr
u
cial
elem
en
ts
in
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
Ph
y
s
ical
in
ter
f
ac
es
b
lu
r
th
e
lin
e
b
etwe
en
r
ea
l
an
d
v
i
r
tu
al
wo
r
ld
s
.
Seam
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
s
m
o
o
th
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
elem
en
ts
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
cr
ea
te
a
co
h
esiv
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
im
m
e
r
s
io
n
,
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t,
a
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
3
3
]
.
An
em
p
ir
ica
l
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Gelso
m
in
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
u
s
ed
R
ef
lex
m
o
d
e,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
r
ewa
r
d
s
,
wh
e
r
e
u
s
er
s
ca
n
m
an
ip
u
late
o
b
jects.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
co
n
t
r
ib
u
ted
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
er
s
with
s
ea
m
less
,
ea
s
y
-
to
-
u
s
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
asp
ec
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
d
is
p
lay
s
,
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
.
3
.
3
.
4
.
Co
nn
ec
t
iv
it
y
C
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ev
ices
an
d
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
to
s
ea
m
less
ly
co
m
m
u
n
icate
an
d
in
ter
ac
t,
e
n
ab
lin
g
u
s
er
s
to
e
x
ch
an
g
e
d
ata,
s
h
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
c
o
llab
o
r
ate
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
is
c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
is
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
B
lu
eto
o
th
,
W
i
-
Fi,
n
ea
r
f
i
eld
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
NFC
)
,
an
d
I
o
T
,
wh
ich
e
n
ab
l
e
d
ev
ices
to
ex
c
h
an
g
e
d
ata
a
n
d
co
m
m
an
d
s
wir
eless
ly
[
1
3
]
,
[
4
7
]
.
I
t
c
o
n
n
ec
ts
u
s
er
s
to
th
e
g
am
e
an
d
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e
as
it
in
v
o
lv
es
th
em
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
g
e
s
tu
r
es
th
at
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
s
en
s
e
o
f
p
r
esen
ce
an
d
e
m
b
o
d
im
e
n
t
[
4
8
]
.
B
esid
es
th
at
,
it
also
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es,
allo
win
g
u
s
er
s
to
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
b
etwe
en
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
ev
ices
a
n
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
wh
ile
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
co
n
tin
u
ity
in
th
eir
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
18
14
26
19
23
25
10
15
20
25
30
M
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
S
e
a
ml
e
ss
I
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t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
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A
c
t
i
v
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P
a
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i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
P
l
a
y
f
u
l
n
e
ss
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
n
e
ss
Use
r
E
xp
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
u
si
n
g
P
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y
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t
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G
am
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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al
&
R
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d
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I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
h
yg
ita
l in
g
a
mes:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
iew
o
f tren
d
s
,
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
,
th
e
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
…
(
N
u
r
a
s
ila
h
Osma
n
)
7
3
.
3
.
5
.
P
la
y
f
uln
ess
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
p
lay
f
u
l
elem
en
ts
th
at
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
u
s
er
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
with
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
m
u
n
d
an
e
task
s
in
to
p
la
y
f
u
l
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
th
at
ca
p
tiv
ate
u
s
er
s
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
g
am
e
-
lik
e
m
ec
h
an
ics,
wh
im
s
ical
an
im
atio
n
s
,
s
u
p
er
im
p
o
s
in
g
an
im
ated
d
ig
ital
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
4
9
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
Play
f
u
ln
ess
en
h
an
ce
s
u
s
e
r
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
b
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
cu
r
io
s
ity
,
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
,
an
d
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tatio
n
,
wh
ic
h
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
es
u
s
er
s
to
d
is
co
v
er
an
d
in
ter
ac
t
with
co
n
ten
t
cr
ea
tiv
ely
[
2
0
]
,
[
5
1
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
lay
f
u
l
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
s
,
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
m
ak
e
task
s
m
o
r
e
en
jo
y
ab
le,
w
h
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t.
3
.
3
.
6
.
Co
lla
bo
ra
t
i
o
n
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
b
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
in
ter
f
ac
es
in
teg
r
ate
d
i
g
ital
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
elem
en
ts
,
al
lo
win
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
r
eg
a
r
d
less
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
’
s
lo
ca
tio
n
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
p
atial
af
f
o
r
d
an
ce
s
th
at
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
allo
w
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
u
s
er
s
to
s
h
ar
e
id
ea
s
,
ac
h
iev
e
g
o
als,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
3
2
]
,
[
5
2
]
.
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
co
o
p
er
atio
n
b
etwe
en
tea
m
m
em
b
er
s
b
y
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
s
h
ar
ed
wo
r
k
s
p
ac
e,
lea
d
in
g
to
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
a
n
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
team
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
d
esig
n
p
latf
o
r
m
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
h
an
ci
n
g
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
[
5
3
]
.
3
.
3
.
7
.
E
ng
a
g
ing
/
a
ct
iv
e
pa
r
t
icipa
t
io
n
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
ar
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
g
am
if
ie
d
to
o
ls
th
at
e
n
h
an
ce
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
b
y
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
cr
ea
ti
v
ity
.
T
h
e
y
u
s
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
elem
en
ts
to
m
o
tiv
ate
u
s
er
s
to
en
g
ag
e
with
co
n
ten
t,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
ag
en
cy
,
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
,
an
d
e
n
jo
y
m
e
n
t
[
4
8
]
,
[
5
4
]
.
User
s
ca
n
p
er
s
o
n
alize
t
h
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
av
atar
s
,
a
d
v
en
tu
r
e
s
,
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
an
d
ac
tio
n
s
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
[
5
5
]
.
I
m
m
e
r
s
iv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies lik
e
AR
,
VR
,
an
d
MR e
n
h
an
ce
im
m
er
s
io
n
an
d
en
g
ag
em
en
t b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
tact
ile
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
y
-
r
ich
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[
5
6
]
,
[
5
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
a
ctiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
u
s
er
s
’
u
n
iq
u
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
s
ev
en
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
m
m
ar
ies
th
at
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ea
m
less
ly
in
teg
r
ates
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
elem
en
t
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
n
e
n
g
ag
in
g
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
k
e
y
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
im
m
er
s
io
n
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
p
la
y
f
u
l
n
ess
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
p
h
y
g
i
tal
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
As
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tin
u
es
to
ev
o
lv
e,
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
p
h
y
g
ital
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
to
en
r
ich
lear
n
in
g
,
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
will
o
n
ly
ex
p
an
d
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
way
s
to
co
n
n
ec
t
u
s
er
s
with
b
o
th
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
wo
r
ld
s
.
3
.
4
.
P
hy
g
it
a
l t
o
o
ls
o
r
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
ies us
ed
in g
a
m
es
Ph
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
b
len
d
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
elem
en
ts
t
o
o
f
f
er
a
n
ew
way
o
f
in
ter
a
ctin
g
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
W
ith
in
th
is
r
ea
l
m
,
g
am
es
ar
e
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
s
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
.
Gam
es
th
at
u
s
e
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
en
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
,
en
te
r
tain
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
r
ap
y
[
1
7
]
,
[
5
8
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
h
as
id
e
n
tifie
d
f
o
u
r
f
ield
s
th
at
u
s
e
th
e
p
h
y
g
ital
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
:
en
ter
tain
m
e
n
t,
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
ed
u
tain
m
en
t,
an
d
o
th
e
r
d
o
m
ain
s
.
3
.
4
.
1
.
E
nte
rt
a
inm
ent
g
a
m
es
E
n
ter
tain
m
en
t g
am
es
ar
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
j
o
y
m
en
t
an
d
im
m
e
r
s
iv
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
r
ath
er
th
an
s
er
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
s
e
r
io
u
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
[
5
9
]
.
Ov
e
r
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
p
h
y
g
ital
to
o
ls
h
av
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
g
am
in
g
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
i
g
ital
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
elem
en
ts
to
e
n
h
an
c
e
u
s
er
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
AR
,
VR
,
r
o
b
o
tics
,
a
n
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
ar
e
s
h
a
p
in
g
m
o
d
er
n
g
a
m
e
d
esig
n
,
m
ak
i
n
g
en
ter
tain
m
en
t g
a
m
es m
o
r
e
in
t
er
ac
tiv
e
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
On
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tr
e
n
d
is
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
m
ix
ed
-
r
ea
lity
an
d
r
o
b
o
tics
-
b
ased
g
am
e
p
lay
,
a
s
s
ee
n
in
m
ix
ed
-
r
ea
lity
r
o
b
o
tic
g
am
es
(
MRR
G
s
)
,
VR
in
d
ig
ital
s
p
o
r
ts
an
d
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
al
g
am
es,
an
d
t
h
e
wo
o
d
s
.
MRR
Gs
u
tili
ze
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e,
h
ea
d
s
et
-
b
ased
AR
,
an
d
r
o
b
o
t c
o
n
tr
o
l to
cr
ea
te
en
g
a
g
in
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[
1
9
]
.
VR
-
b
ased
d
ig
ital
s
p
o
r
ts
in
teg
r
ate
VR
g
las
s
es,
d
ig
ital
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
y
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
to
en
h
an
ce
g
a
m
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
f
it
n
ess
an
d
s
p
o
r
ts
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
3
2
]
.
Similar
ly
,
T
h
e
W
o
o
d
s
co
m
b
in
es
g
am
e
e
n
g
in
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
AR
,
an
d
tab
leto
p
g
am
in
g
,
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
Ph
o
to
n
Un
ity
Netwo
r
k
f
o
r
s
ea
m
less
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
[
3
3
]
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
ch
a
llen
g
es su
ch
as h
ar
d
war
e
lim
it
atio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
c
o
s
ts
,
an
d
u
s
er
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
co
n
tin
u
e
to
h
in
d
er
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
ch
is
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
[
6
0
]
.
B
ey
o
n
d
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
VR
,
en
ter
tain
m
en
t
g
am
es
a
r
e
also
e
v
o
lv
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
am
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
an
d
d
ig
ital
f
ash
io
n
,
b
o
t
h
o
f
wh
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
Gam
e
n
etw
o
r
k
in
g
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
d
ig
ital
twin
s
,
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
lear
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
ad
v
an
cin
g
ar
tific
ia
l
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
-
d
r
iv
e
n
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[
6
1
]
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
d
ig
i
tal
f
ash
io
n
m
e
r
g
es
AR
,
v
ir
tu
al
clo
s
et
ap
p
s
,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
-
1
5
8
non
-
f
u
n
g
i
b
le
to
k
e
n
s
(
NFTs)
to
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ize
in
-
g
am
e
c
u
s
to
m
izatio
n
an
d
b
r
id
g
e
g
a
m
in
g
wit
h
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
a
n
d
th
e
m
etav
er
s
e
[
6
2
]
.
W
h
ile
th
ese
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
m
er
cial
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
co
n
ce
r
n
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
d
at
a
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t,
an
d
d
ig
ital a
s
s
et
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
r
e
q
u
ir
e
f
u
r
th
er
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
[
6
3
]
,
[
6
4
]
.
An
o
th
er
n
o
ta
b
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
g
am
es
in
to
p
h
y
g
ital
f
o
r
m
ats.
Min
ec
r
af
t
E
ar
th
,
E
d
u
Par
k
,
an
d
U
r
b
an
AR
in
teg
r
ate
AR
,
to
u
ch
s
cr
e
en
d
e
v
ices,
an
d
s
o
cial
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
s
to
m
o
d
er
n
ize
g
am
ep
la
y
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
g
a
m
in
g
ele
m
en
ts
[
5
2
]
.
T
h
ese
g
am
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
en
ter
tain
b
u
t
also
o
f
f
er
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
s
o
cia
l
b
en
ef
its
,
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
p
lay
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
[
5
2
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
d
ev
ice
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
r
em
ain
k
ey
ch
a
llen
g
es.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
T
-
R
ex
Go
o
g
le
Din
o
s
au
r
Gam
e
h
as b
ee
n
e
n
h
an
ce
d
with
p
h
y
g
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
ess
u
r
e
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
ch
am
b
er
s
,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
an
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
g
a
m
e
m
o
r
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
Py
th
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
an
d
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
6
5
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
h
y
g
ital
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
in
f
lu
en
c
e
p
lay
er
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ph
y
g
ital
to
o
ls
in
en
t
er
tain
m
en
t g
am
es
3
.
4
.
2
.
E
du
ca
t
io
na
l
g
a
m
es
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
am
es
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lear
n
in
g
b
y
m
ak
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e.
W
ith
th
e
r
is
e
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
es
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
i
g
ital
elem
en
ts
,
lear
n
in
g
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
im
m
er
s
iv
e,
allo
win
g
ch
ild
r
en
to
in
ter
ac
t
wit
h
b
o
th
tan
g
i
b
le
o
b
jects
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
co
n
ten
t
[
5
9
]
.
T
h
ese
g
am
es
in
te
g
r
ate
AR
,
r
o
b
o
tics
,
AI
,
an
d
I
o
T
-
b
ased
t
o
o
ls
to
c
r
ea
te
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
le
ar
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
s
ev
e
r
a
l
p
h
y
g
ital
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
am
es
u
tili
ze
d
if
f
er
en
t
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
to
en
h
a
n
ce
lear
n
i
n
g
in
u
n
iq
u
e
way
s
.
On
e
k
ey
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
ese
g
am
es
is
th
eir
a
b
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
u
ltis
en
s
o
r
y
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
h
el
p
s
ch
ild
r
en
d
ev
elo
p
c
o
g
n
itiv
e,
m
o
to
r
,
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
s
k
i
lls
[
1
2
]
,
[
6
6
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
O
s
m
o
,
E
s
ca
p
e
B
o
x
,
an
d
L
iv
e
L
ea
r
n
in
g
Gam
es
u
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
o
b
jects,
AR
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
tr
ac
k
in
g
to
cr
ea
te
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
ese
g
am
es
en
co
u
r
ag
e
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
lear
n
in
g
,
allo
win
g
ch
ild
r
e
n
to
m
an
i
p
u
late
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ite
m
s
wh
ile
r
ec
eiv
in
g
in
s
tan
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
d
ig
ital
elem
en
ts
[
5
0
]
.
Similar
ly
,
Sp
h
er
o
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
v
ir
tu
al
s
p
o
r
t
s
(
PVS)
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
AI
-
d
r
iv
e
n
m
o
tio
n
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
b
o
th
l
ea
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
[
2
0
]
,
[
6
7
]
.
T
h
es
e
g
am
es h
elp
ch
ild
r
en
d
e
v
elo
p
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
an
d
s
p
atial
awa
r
en
ess
wh
ile
m
ak
in
g
lear
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
en
g
a
g
in
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
h
y
g
ital
g
am
es
en
h
an
ce
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
b
y
u
s
in
g
AI
a
n
d
I
o
T
to
ad
ap
t
to
in
d
iv
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
l
e,
I
o
T
Go
an
d
tr
an
s
m
ed
ia
s
k
ills
m
an
if
ested
in
t
h
e
g
am
es
u
s
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
AI
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
c
h
ild
r
en
r
ec
eiv
e
g
u
id
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
6
8
]
,
[
6
9
]
.
T
h
e
PH2
D
Hy
b
r
id
T
o
o
ls
et,
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ates
3
D
p
r
in
tin
g
an
d
d
ig
ital
twin
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
allo
ws
lear
n
er
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
with
v
ir
tu
al
m
o
d
els
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ettin
g
s
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
cr
ea
tiv
ity
an
d
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
[
7
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
ile
th
ese
to
o
ls
o
f
f
e
r
g
r
ea
t
b
en
ef
its
,
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
d
e
p
en
d
en
c
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
l
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
[
7
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
h
yg
ita
l in
g
a
mes:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
iew
o
f tren
d
s
,
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
,
th
e
u
s
er e
xp
erien
ce
…
(
N
u
r
a
s
ila
h
Osma
n
)
9
Ph
y
g
ital
g
am
es
ar
e
also
v
alu
ab
le
f
o
r
c
u
ltu
r
al
a
n
d
c
o
n
te
x
tu
al
lear
n
in
g
.
C
u
ltu
r
al
h
er
it
ag
e
s
er
io
u
s
b
o
ar
d
g
am
es
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
i
ca
n
v
id
eo
g
a
m
es
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
R
FID
-
b
ased
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
AR
,
h
elp
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
is
to
r
y
a
n
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
n
ar
r
ativ
es
in
a
m
o
r
e
im
m
er
s
iv
e
way
[
2
0
]
.
L
ik
ewise,
liv
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
g
am
es
u
s
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
an
d
s
p
atial
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
m
ak
e
cu
ltu
r
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
[
6
7
]
.
W
h
ile
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
elp
p
r
eser
v
e
h
er
itag
e
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
au
th
e
n
ticity
in
d
ig
ita
l
f
o
r
m
ats
r
em
ain
s
a
ch
allen
g
e
[
7
0
]
.
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Ph
y
g
ital
to
o
ls
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
am
es
3
.
4
.
3
.
E
du
t
a
inm
ent
g
a
m
es
E
d
u
tain
m
en
t
g
am
es
co
m
b
in
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
e
n
ter
tain
m
en
t
t
o
m
ak
e
lear
n
in
g
en
j
o
y
ab
le
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
in
to
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
g
am
e
f
o
r
m
ats,
th
ese
g
am
es
en
co
u
r
ag
e
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
g
ital
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
ich
b
len
d
s
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ital
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
en
h
an
ce
s
lear
n
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
im
m
er
s
iv
e
a
n
d
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
[
5
4
]
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ed
u
tain
m
en
t
g
am
es
i
n
clu
d
in
g
Po
ly
-
U
n
iv
er
s
e,
H
y
b
r
id
E
s
ca
p
e
R
o
o
m
,
Kid
Sp
ac
e,
Go
Natu
r
e
Gam
e,
an
d
Per
io
d
ic
Fab
le
Dis
co
v
er
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
AR
,
VR
,
AI
,
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
d
ta
n
g
ib
le
m
ater
ials
to
cr
ea
te
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l le
ar
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
7
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ph
y
g
ital to
o
ls
in
ed
u
tain
m
en
t g
am
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t J E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
-
1
5
10
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
g
am
es
in
te
g
r
a
tes
d
if
f
er
en
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Po
ly
-
Un
i
v
er
s
e
u
s
es
Geo
Geb
r
a
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
a
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
p
atial
an
d
m
ath
em
atica
l
s
k
ills
[
7
3
]
.
Hy
b
r
id
E
s
ca
p
e
R
o
o
m
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
v
ir
tu
al
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
g
am
if
icat
io
n
elem
en
ts
,
v
id
eo
c
r
ea
tio
n
to
o
ls
,
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
g
am
e
elem
en
ts
,
en
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
[
7
4
]
.
Kid
Sp
ac
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
AI
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
ag
en
t,
h
u
m
an
-
s
ca
le
wall
p
r
o
j
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
s
en
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
in
t
er
ac
t
with
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
7
5
]
.
Go
Natu
r
e
Gam
e
ap
p
lies
VR
,
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
a
n
d
d
i
g
ital
twin
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
lear
n
er
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
a
n
im
m
er
s
iv
e
way
[
7
6
]
.
Per
io
d
ic
Fab
le
Di
s
co
v
er
y
c
o
m
b
in
es
AR
,
tan
g
ib
le
cu
b
es,
an
d
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
to
h
elp
ch
ild
r
en
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
co
m
p
lex
s
cien
tific
co
n
ce
p
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
[
5
4
]
.
T
h
ese
g
am
es
en
co
u
r
ag
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ac
tiv
ely
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
less
o
n
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
an
d
r
eten
tio
n
[
1
7
]
.
Desp
ite
th
eir
m
an
y
a
d
v
an
tag
e
s
,
p
h
y
g
ital
ed
u
tain
m
en
t
g
am
e
s
co
m
e
with
ch
allen
g
es.
O
n
e
co
n
ce
r
n
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
,
w
h
ich
m
ay
lim
it
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
esp
ec
ially
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
7
7
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
d
ig
ital
s
tim
u
li
m
ay
lead
to
co
g
n
itiv
e
o
v
er
lo
a
d
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
lear
n
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
if
n
o
t
p
r
o
p
er
ly
b
alan
ce
d
with
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ities
[
7
8
]
.
An
o
th
e
r
ch
allen
g
e
i
s
u
s
er
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
as
th
ese
g
am
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
d
if
f
er
en
t
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les
an
d
ab
ilit
ies
to
en
s
u
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
ity
[
7
9
]
.
E
th
ical
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
is
k
s
also
ar
i
s
e
wh
en
u
s
in
g
AI
a
n
d
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ca
r
ef
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
af
ety
m
ea
s
u
r
es
[
8
0
]
.
3
.
4
.
4
.
O
t
her
t
y
pes
o
f
g
a
m
es
Fig
u
r
e
8
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
g
a
m
es
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
u
s
in
g
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
p
lay
in
g
with
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
(
s
er
io
u
s
g
am
es
)
a
n
d
Ho
lo
L
en
s
2
(
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
ettin
g
)
,
b
o
th
o
f
wh
ic
h
s
h
o
wca
s
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
elem
en
ts
in
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
tr
ain
in
g
,
a
n
d
u
s
er
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t.
Play
in
g
wit
h
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
in
teg
r
ates
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
m
o
d
elin
g
with
p
h
y
s
ical
-
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
cu
ltiv
ate
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
in
d
y
n
am
ic,
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
[
8
1
]
.
B
y
m
e
r
g
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
d
ig
ita
l
elem
en
ts
,
th
ese
s
er
io
u
s
g
am
e
s
cr
ea
te
im
m
er
s
iv
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
at
ac
tiv
ely
e
n
g
ag
e
u
s
er
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
th
em
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
.
Similar
ly
,
Ho
lo
L
e
n
s
2
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
ettin
g
s
lev
er
ag
es
m
ix
ed
-
r
ea
lity
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
d
a
ta
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
to
o
ls
,
an
d
s
en
t
im
en
t
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
en
h
an
ce
m
ed
ical
tr
ain
in
g
,
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
,
an
d
th
e
r
ap
y
[
2
3
]
.
B
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
r
ea
l
-
t
im
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
lex
m
ed
ical
d
ata,
MR
im
p
r
o
v
es c
lin
ical
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Desp
ite
th
eir
b
en
e
f
its
,
p
h
y
g
ital
g
am
es
f
ac
e
ch
allen
g
es
t
h
at
h
in
d
e
r
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Hig
h
co
s
ts
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
lex
i
ty
m
ay
lim
it
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
esp
ec
ially
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
s
ettin
g
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
u
s
er
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
r
em
ain
s
a
co
n
ce
r
n
,
as
n
o
t
all
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
in
d
m
i
x
ed
-
r
ea
lity
i
n
ter
f
ac
es
in
tu
itiv
e
o
r
en
g
a
g
in
g
.
I
n
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
et
h
ical
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
s
en
tim
en
t
an
aly
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
tr
in
g
en
t saf
eg
u
ar
d
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
m
e
d
ical
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
tect
u
s
er
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
[
8
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Ph
y
g
ital
to
o
ls
in
o
t
h
er
ty
p
es o
f
g
am
es
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
id
en
tifie
d
2
6
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
ex
am
in
e
d
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
p
h
y
g
ital
in
ter
f
ac
es.
Sev
e
n
k
ey
f
ea
tu
r
es
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
,
s
u
ch
as
tan
g
i
b
ilit
y
,
h
y
b
r
id
i
za
tio
n
,
in
ter
ac
tiv
ity
,
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
,
m
u
ltis
en
s
o
r
y
in
p
u
t,
c
o
n
tex
tu
al
r
elev
an
ce
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
im
m
er
s
iv
e,
p
lay
f
u
l,
an
d
s
o
c
ially
co
n
n
ec
ted
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
at
s
u
r
p
ass
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
ig
ital
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
lim
itatio
n
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
n
ar
r
o
w
d
atab
ase
s
co
p
e
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
s
h
o
u
l
d
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
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