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1
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C
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On
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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167
s
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p
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[
4
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.
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6
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7
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Fu
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Ho
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W
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[
8
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h
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p
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p
eten
cies;
en
h
a
n
ce
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
in
u
s
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies;
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
a
s
cien
tific
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
9
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
ly
,
th
ese
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
aim
t
o
p
r
ep
ar
e
teac
h
er
s
to
u
n
d
er
tak
e
a
wid
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
teac
h
in
g
task
s
an
d
to
m
ak
e
o
p
tim
a
l u
s
e
o
f
m
ater
ial
an
d
h
u
m
an
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
1
0
]
.
C
o
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
T
PP
s
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
m
o
v
em
en
t
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
1
]
.
Kim
an
d
Z
ak
[
1
2
]
d
e
f
in
ed
co
m
p
eten
ci
es
as
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
lear
n
er
s
m
u
s
t
en
g
ag
e
in
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
a
b
ilit
ies
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
task
s
c
en
tr
al
to
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
liv
es.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
lies
in
th
eir
d
ir
e
ct
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
lear
n
er
s
’
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ess
en
tial
d
u
ties
p
r
o
f
icien
tly
[
1
3
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ku
o
[
1
4
]
,
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
T
PP
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
eq
u
i
p
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
s
with
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
a
d
d
r
ess
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
lear
n
in
g
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ar
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
a
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
e
d
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
r
o
le
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies.
Ho
llin
s
an
d
W
ar
n
er
[
8
]
n
o
ted
th
at
s
in
ce
th
e
ea
r
ly
1
9
9
0
s
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
g
r
o
win
g
in
ter
e
s
t
am
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
-
b
ased
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
teac
h
er
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
li
ce
n
s
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
g
u
id
e
d
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
a
n
d
s
er
v
ed
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t.
As
s
u
ch
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
s
h
ap
in
g
all
p
o
licies
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
aim
ed
at
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
tea
ch
er
q
u
ality
.
Hef
le
b
o
wer
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
em
p
h
asized
th
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
-
b
ased
ass
ess
m
en
t p
lay
s
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
a
r
atio
n
.
Ma
r
za
n
o
[
1
6
]
ass
er
ted
th
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
o
f
f
er
a
u
n
if
ied
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
s
h
ar
e
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
v
alu
es
an
d
b
elief
s
.
T
h
ese
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
also
s
er
v
e
a
s
ev
alu
ativ
e
to
o
ls
f
o
r
m
ak
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
C
ar
in
ci
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
,
s
ev
er
a
l
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
av
e
ad
o
p
ted
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
f
o
r
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
licen
s
in
g
n
ew
teac
h
er
s
an
d
r
en
ewin
g
th
e
cr
e
d
en
tials
o
f
p
r
ac
ticin
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
W
h
ile
th
er
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
o
v
er
lap
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
in
ten
t
o
f
th
ese
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
co
u
n
tr
ies,
n
o
tab
le
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ex
is
t
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
atio
n
a
l o
r
lo
ca
l e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
io
r
ities
[
1
8
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
c
o
u
n
tr
i
es
th
at
h
av
e
em
p
h
asized
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
is
th
e
Un
ited
States
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
C
o
u
n
cil
o
f
C
h
ief
State
Sch
o
o
l
Of
f
icer
s
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
Natio
n
al
C
o
u
n
cil
f
o
r
Pro
f
ess
io
n
al
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
Stan
d
ar
d
s
was
estab
lis
h
ed
to
ad
v
o
ca
te
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
b
ased
teac
h
er
ev
alu
atio
n
.
I
n
2
0
1
1
,
th
e
co
u
n
cil
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
wer
e
u
p
d
ated
in
2
0
1
3
to
b
etter
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
u
p
d
ated
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
b
ec
am
e
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
in
ter
s
tate
teac
h
er
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
c
o
n
s
o
r
tiu
m
(
I
n
T
ASC
)
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
et
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
eten
cies
th
at
n
o
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
i
n
clu
d
es
f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
d
o
m
ain
s
,
10
co
r
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
,
an
d
3
3
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
First,
th
e
l
ea
r
n
er
an
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
t
h
is
d
o
m
ain
in
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
:
lea
r
n
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
lear
n
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
,
a
n
d
lea
r
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ev
alu
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Seco
n
d
m
ain
d
o
m
ain
is
co
n
ten
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
two
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
:
co
n
ten
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
co
n
te
n
t
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
d
o
m
ain
is
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
s
ix
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
,
t
h
is
d
o
m
ain
in
v
o
lv
es
th
r
ee
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
:
ass
ess
m
en
t,
p
lan
n
in
g
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies.
I
t
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
elev
en
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
i
s
ab
o
u
t
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
d
o
m
ain
th
at
in
c
lu
d
es
two
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
:
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
an
d
eth
ical
p
r
ac
tice,
an
d
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
d
o
m
a
in
is
ev
alu
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
en
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
co
l
lectiv
ely
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
clea
r
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
T
PP
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
Un
ited
States
.
I
n
th
e
Ar
ab
wo
r
ld
,
m
an
y
co
n
f
er
en
ce
s
,
s
em
in
ar
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
ies h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
b
en
e
f
it f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
o
f
Ar
a
b
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
o
r
ts
h
av
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
em
p
h
asized
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
id
en
tif
y
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
f
teac
h
er
s
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
p
u
b
lic
d
em
a
n
d
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
ta
b
le
s
tu
d
ies
is
th
at
o
f
Al
-
Kh
af
aji
an
d
J
ass
im
[
2
0
]
,
wh
ich
ev
alu
ated
T
PP
s
in
I
r
aq
in
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
teac
h
e
r
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
y
(
2
0
1
3
–
2
0
2
0
)
an
d
r
ec
en
t
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
ailed
to
m
ee
t
m
o
s
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
with
o
n
ly
9
o
u
t
o
f
6
0
in
d
icato
r
s
ac
h
iev
ed
.
I
n
th
e
Su
ltan
ate
o
f
Om
an
,
Al
-
Naa
b
i
[
2
1
]
co
n
d
u
cted
a
s
tu
d
y
to
ass
ess
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
66
-
1
80
168
q
u
ality
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
teac
h
er
s
m
et
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
to
a
m
o
d
er
ate
d
eg
r
ee
.
At
th
e
lo
ca
l
lev
el
in
J
o
r
d
an
,
A
l
-
So
u
q
i
[
2
2
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
e
r
s
p
o
s
s
es
s
s
cien
tific
an
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
f
r
o
m
th
eir
o
wn
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
th
o
s
e
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
r
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
v
ea
led
a
h
ig
h
le
v
el
o
f
o
v
er
all
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
.
W
h
ile
n
o
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
cien
tific
co
m
p
eten
ci
es,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
h
o
wed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
f
av
o
r
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
.
Similar
ly
,
Al
-
Am
ar
ee
n
an
d
Al
-
Sh
r
aa
[
2
3
]
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
p
r
o
g
r
am
at
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
J
o
r
d
an
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
t
in
th
r
e
e
ar
ea
s
:
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
lan
n
in
g
,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
ese
wer
e
r
an
k
e
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
.
Alk
h
ald
i
[
2
4
]
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
t
h
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
in
J
o
r
d
a
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
e
r
tr
ain
in
g
(
N
PS
T
T
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
v
e
r
all,
with
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
tr
o
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
in
ar
ea
s
s
u
ch
as
o
r
g
an
izi
n
g
lear
n
in
g
c
o
n
ten
t,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
lan
n
in
g
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
cr
ea
tio
n
.
Gen
d
e
r
-
b
ased
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
wer
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
av
o
r
o
f
f
em
al
e
teac
h
er
s
,
wh
ile
ex
p
er
ien
ce
-
b
ased
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
wer
e
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
Fin
ally
,
Kh
ad
er
a
n
d
A
b
u
-
Kh
alif
a
[
2
5
]
ev
alu
ated
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
t
o
wh
ic
h
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
n
o
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
Scien
ce
s
a
n
d
Ar
ts
at
UNRW
A
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
J
o
r
d
an
)
m
et
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
d
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
ac
r
o
s
s
all
d
o
m
ain
s
,
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
attr
ib
u
t
ed
to
g
e
n
d
er
a
n
d
y
ea
r
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
elev
an
t
s
tu
d
ies
r
e
v
ea
led
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
u
s
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
T
PP
s
.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
r
elied
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
i
n
c
ip
als,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
s
,
an
d
co
o
p
er
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
,
r
elativ
ely
f
ew
em
p
lo
y
ed
n
atio
n
al
o
r
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
S
u
ch
ex
am
p
le
is
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Alk
h
ald
i
[
2
4
]
,
w
h
ich
u
s
ed
th
e
Natio
n
al
Stan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
T
ea
ch
er
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t.
No
tab
ly
,
o
n
ly
two
s
tu
d
ies
—
Al
-
So
u
q
i
[
2
2
]
an
d
Kh
ad
er
a
n
d
Ab
u
-
Kh
alif
a
[
2
5
]
ap
p
lied
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
b
o
th
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
f
ield
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
io
r
to
ea
r
n
in
g
a
b
ac
h
elo
r
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
o
f
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
v
ar
ie
d
,
with
m
o
s
t
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
t
u
d
en
ts
an
d
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
g
r
a
d
u
at
es
o
f
h
ig
h
er
d
i
p
lo
m
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
s
u
ch
as
Al
-
So
u
q
i’
s
r
esear
ch
[
2
2
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
ten
co
n
ce
n
t
r
ated
o
n
s
in
g
le
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
(
e.
g
.
,
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
,
o
r
p
r
im
ar
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
)
,
as
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
Al
-
Naa
b
i
[
2
1
]
.
Al
th
o
u
g
h
Kh
a
d
er
a
n
d
Ab
u
-
K
h
alif
a
[
2
5
]
i
n
clu
d
ed
m
u
ltip
le
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
,
th
ei
r
s
tu
d
y
r
em
ain
ed
lim
ited
t
o
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
lev
el.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
m
o
s
t
ev
alu
atio
n
s
d
id
n
o
t d
if
f
er
en
tia
te
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies,
o
f
f
er
in
g
o
n
l
y
g
en
e
r
al
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
d
is
tin
ct
in
s
ev
er
al
way
s
.
I
t
e
v
alu
ates
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
g
r
ad
u
ate
d
f
r
o
m
HDT
PP
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
A
SC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
all
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
tar
g
eted
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
is
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
f
er
in
g
th
e
d
ip
lo
m
a
an
d
in
clu
d
es
d
ata
co
llected
u
n
d
er
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
t
em
p
o
r
al
a
n
d
s
p
atial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
,
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
o
m
an
ex
ter
n
al,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
b
o
d
y
n
o
t
af
f
iliated
with
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
v
alid
ated
th
eo
r
etica
l f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
b
jectiv
ity
an
d
r
i
g
o
r
in
t
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Un
iv
er
s
ities
in
J
o
r
d
an
h
a
v
e
tak
en
o
n
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
r
o
le
i
n
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
’
s
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
q
u
alif
ied
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
at
b
o
th
p
r
im
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lev
els.
T
h
e
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ic
e
HDT
PP
cu
r
r
en
tly
o
f
f
er
ed
at
J
o
r
d
a
n
ian
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
m
o
d
er
n
,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
in
itiativ
e
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Or
ig
in
ally
lau
n
ch
ed
as
a
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
i
p
lo
m
a
at
th
e
Q
u
ee
n
R
an
ia
Al
A
b
d
u
llah
T
ea
ch
er
Aca
d
em
y
,
i
t
t
ar
g
eted
teac
h
er
s
o
f
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
wh
o
teac
h
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
g
r
ad
e
1
to
g
r
ad
e
3
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
later
ex
p
an
d
e
d
in
to
a
p
o
s
tg
r
a
d
u
ate
d
ip
lo
m
a.
Sin
ce
th
e
2
0
2
2
/2
0
2
3
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
J
o
r
d
an
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
to
p
r
e
p
ar
e
teac
h
er
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
co
r
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
:
Ar
ab
ic,
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ath
em
atics,
an
d
s
cien
ce
f
o
r
g
r
ad
es f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
th
th
r
o
u
g
h
twelf
th
g
r
ad
es.
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
J
o
r
d
a
n
ian
r
esear
ch
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
s
tu
d
ies
ev
alu
at
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ig
h
er
d
ip
lo
m
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
r
em
ai
n
s
ca
r
ce
d
u
e
t
o
its
r
ec
en
t
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
in
2
0
2
2
/2
0
2
3
.
E
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
im
ar
ily
ass
ess
ed
p
r
ac
ticu
m
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
o
f
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ices
teac
h
er
s
at
th
e
b
ac
h
el
o
r
’
s
lev
el
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
—
to
th
e
b
est
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
’
k
n
o
wled
g
e
—
th
at
h
av
e
ev
alu
ated
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
tr
ain
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
HDT
PP
g
r
ad
u
ates
u
s
in
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
u
ch
as
I
n
T
ASC
,
th
er
e
is
a
clea
r
an
d
u
r
g
en
t n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
g
r
a
d
u
ates
wh
o
h
a
v
e
en
ter
ed
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
.
Su
ch
r
esear
ch
is
cr
itical
to
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
r
ete
n
tio
n
o
f
t
ea
ch
in
g
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
ac
q
u
ir
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ip
lo
m
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
u
s
in
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
ac
cr
ed
ited
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
t
ea
ch
er
s
wh
o
g
r
a
d
u
ated
f
r
o
m
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
f
r
o
m
th
e
teac
h
er
s
’
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
ei
r
f
ir
s
t a
ca
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
f
o
llo
win
g
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
an
d
wo
r
k
i
n
g
at
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Nash
wan
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
,
a
c
o
m
p
eten
t
teac
h
er
is
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
p
r
o
f
ici
en
cy
is
ty
p
ically
th
e
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p
r
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ficien
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a
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a
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er p
r
ep
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tio
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ip
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ma
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r
a
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u
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…
(
Je
h
a
d
M.
Al
-
A
n
a
ti
)
169
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
well
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
teac
h
e
r
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
ac
cr
ed
ita
tio
n
b
o
d
ies,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
C
o
u
n
cil
f
o
r
th
e
Acc
r
e
d
itatio
n
o
f
E
d
u
ca
to
r
Pre
p
a
r
atio
n
(
C
AE
P),
an
d
n
atio
n
al
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
in
J
o
r
d
an
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Acc
r
ed
itatio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
,
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
em
p
h
asized
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
ev
id
en
c
e
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
m
o
d
els
to
en
s
u
r
e
q
u
ality
in
teac
h
er
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
as
g
a
in
ed
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
ce
d
u
e
to
its
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
v
alid
ated
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
ass
ess
i
n
g
teac
h
er
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
[
2
9
]
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
,
s
tu
d
ies
ev
alu
atin
g
teac
h
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
u
s
in
g
in
t
er
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
r
em
ai
n
lim
ited
in
J
o
r
d
an
.
Al
-
R
awa
s
h
d
eh
[
3
0
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ass
es
s
ed
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
u
s
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
I
n
T
ASC
,
with
m
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
-
le
v
el
p
r
ac
tical
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
Al
-
So
u
q
i
[
2
2
]
e
m
p
h
asized
th
e
n
ee
d
to
e
v
alu
ate
g
r
a
d
u
ates o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
en
tly
estab
lis
h
ed
HDT
P
P u
s
in
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
g
ap
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
f
ir
s
t
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
o
f
teac
h
in
g
in
th
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ta
r
g
ets
g
r
ad
u
ate
in
th
e
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
:
Ar
ab
ic,
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ath
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
(
in
all
b
r
an
ch
es),
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
e
r
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
g
u
i
d
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
W
h
at
is
th
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
am
o
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
?
ii)
Ar
e
th
er
e
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
(
α
=0
.
0
5
)
i
n
th
e
t
ea
ch
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cy
s
co
r
es o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
attr
ib
u
ta
b
le
to
g
en
d
er
an
d
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
?
iii)
W
h
ich
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
a
n
r
e
q
u
ir
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ex
te
n
t
to
wh
ich
its
g
r
ad
u
ates m
ee
t th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
?
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
r
o
m
a
th
eo
r
etica
l st
an
d
p
o
i
n
t,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
in
J
o
r
d
an
a
n
d
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
Ar
ab
w
o
r
ld
b
y
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
T
PP
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
an
Ar
ab
ic
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
u
s
e
n
r
ich
in
g
th
e
Ar
a
b
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
co
r
p
u
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
v
alid
ated
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
g
r
ad
u
at
es,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
in
th
is
f
ield
.
Fro
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ev
alu
ates
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
HDT
PP
in
th
eir
f
ir
s
t
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
o
f
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
wi
th
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
t
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
k
ey
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
:
Ar
ab
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e,
m
ath
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
h
el
p
id
e
n
tify
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
a
r
ea
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
to
wh
ich
g
r
ad
u
ates
m
ee
t
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
ac
tio
n
ab
le
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
ts
at
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
c
atio
n
b
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ti
n
g
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
tal
n
ee
d
s
o
f
n
ewly
ap
p
o
i
n
ted
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
tar
g
ete
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
itiativ
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
also
as
s
is
t
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
ittees
an
d
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
in
p
r
i
o
r
itizin
g
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
r
ev
is
io
n
with
in
th
e
HDT
PP
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
it
eq
u
i
p
s
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
with
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
ex
ce
llen
ce
in
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
HDT
PP
at
J
o
r
d
an
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
eir
f
ir
s
t
y
e
ar
o
f
s
er
v
ice
in
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
As
a
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
ex
ten
t
t
o
wh
ich
th
e
HDT
PP
’
s
im
p
ac
t
p
er
s
is
ted
o
v
er
tim
e.
I
t
also
s
o
u
g
h
t
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
o
v
er
a
ll
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
ese
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
two
v
a
r
iab
les:
g
en
d
er
an
d
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
o
n
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
id
en
tif
y
ar
ea
s
in
n
ee
d
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
with
in
th
e
HDT
PP
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
’
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
le
v
els
as
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
l
im
ited
b
y
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
tim
e,
it
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
2024
–
2
0
2
5
ac
a
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
n
ewly
ap
p
o
in
ted
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
wh
o
g
r
ad
u
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
HDT
PP
d
u
r
in
g
2
0
2
3
–
2
0
2
4
.
Sp
atially
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
f
in
ed
to
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
r
eg
io
n
o
f
J
o
r
d
a
n
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
n
ew
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
co
m
p
leted
th
e
HDT
PP
at
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
J
o
r
d
an
an
d
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
h
u
m
an
lim
its
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
en
c
o
m
p
ass
ed
o
n
l
y
th
ese
n
ew
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
2
0
2
4
–
2
0
2
5
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
th
o
s
e
g
r
ad
u
atin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
HDT
PP
at
t
h
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
th
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
o
f
Ar
ab
ic,
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ath
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
.
Ob
jectiv
el
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
ese
g
r
a
d
u
ates
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lts
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t a
n
d
th
e
o
b
jectiv
ity
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
y
te
r
m
s
ar
e
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
.
First,
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
is
a
o
n
e
-
y
ea
r
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
e
r
q
u
alif
icatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
b
ac
h
elo
r
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
h
o
ld
er
s
asp
ir
in
g
to
b
ec
o
m
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
I
t
co
m
b
in
es
th
eo
r
etica
l
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
an
d
p
r
a
ctica
l
tr
ain
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
ee
s
tag
e
s
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
p
r
ac
ticu
m
in
v
o
lv
in
g
o
b
s
er
v
ati
o
n
,
s
h
ad
o
win
g
,
an
d
co
-
teac
h
in
g
.
T
h
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
tak
es
p
lace
i
n
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
66
-
1
80
170
s
ettin
g
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
v
ar
y
i
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
d
y
n
am
ics.
Seco
n
d
,
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
th
e
H
DT
PP
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
af
te
r
th
eir
o
f
f
icial
ap
p
o
in
tm
en
t
a
s
teac
h
er
s
b
y
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
g
r
ad
u
a
tes
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
o
f
Ar
ab
ic,
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ath
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
cla
s
s
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
.
I
t
in
v
o
lv
es
d
e
ter
m
in
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
t
t
o
wh
ich
th
ese
g
r
ad
u
ates
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
eir
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
r
o
le
s
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical,
s
o
cial,
an
d
m
o
r
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
T
e
ac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icat
o
r
s
is
s
u
ed
b
y
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
2
0
1
3
[
1
9
]
,
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
lev
el
is
r
ep
r
esen
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
to
tal
s
co
r
e
attain
ed
o
n
th
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
th
e
d
es
cr
ip
tiv
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
as
i
t
is
b
est
s
u
ited
to
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
t
ea
ch
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
eir
f
ir
s
t
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
o
f
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
in
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
ei
r
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
g
r
ad
u
ates in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
: A
r
ab
ic
lan
g
u
ag
e,
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e,
m
ath
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
clas
s
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
.
2
.
1
.
Study
po
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
pl
e
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
all
g
r
a
d
u
ates
o
f
th
e
H
DT
PP
f
o
r
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
2
0
2
3
/2
0
2
4
,
wh
o
wer
e
n
o
m
i
n
ated
an
d
ap
p
o
in
ted
b
y
t
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
s
p
ec
i
aliza
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
ew
teac
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
was
1
,
3
1
5
tea
ch
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
tar
g
eted
t
h
is
f
u
ll
p
o
p
u
latio
n
b
y
ad
m
in
is
ter
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
two
m
ajo
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
o
f
f
er
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
HDT
PP
:
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
J
o
r
d
an
a
n
d
t
h
e
Hash
em
ite
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
in
clu
d
ed
o
n
ly
th
o
s
e
wh
o
wer
e
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
to
b
e
a
p
p
o
i
n
ted
as
teac
h
e
r
s
in
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
a
f
f
iliated
wi
th
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
2
0
2
4
–
2
0
2
5
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
T
h
ese
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
wer
e
co
n
tacte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
f
o
r
m
e
r
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
in
th
e
HDT
PP
,
wh
o
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
eir
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
av
ailab
l
e
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
6
8
6
teac
h
er
s
.
2
.
2
.
Study
i
ns
t
rum
ent
B
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
1
9
]
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
en
titl
ed
th
e
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cy
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
f
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
.
T
h
e
in
itial
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
co
m
p
r
is
ed
f
o
u
r
g
en
er
al
d
o
m
ain
s
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
10
m
ain
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
3
3
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icat
o
r
s
.
E
ac
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
was
r
ated
u
s
in
g
a
4
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=w
ea
k
l
y
ap
p
licab
le,
2
=m
o
d
er
ately
a
p
p
licab
le,
3
=
h
ig
h
ly
ap
p
licab
le,
4
=v
er
y
h
ig
h
l
y
ap
p
l
icab
le)
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
o
th
er
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
g
r
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d
ed
in
th
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I
n
T
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f
r
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ewo
r
k
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h
e
lev
el
o
f
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h
in
g
co
m
p
et
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d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
o
f
s
co
r
es,
class
if
ied
in
to
th
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ee
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teg
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h
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h
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m
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(
m
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≥
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,
m
ed
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m
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m
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(
m
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≥
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n
d
<3
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d
lo
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m
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n
d
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.
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o
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lis
h
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
lo
g
ical
(
c
o
n
ten
t
)
v
alid
ity
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ass
es
s
ed
.
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h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
r
ev
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d
b
y
1
2
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x
p
er
t
s
s
p
ec
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u
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tio
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a
l
m
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r
em
en
t
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d
e
v
alu
ati
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n
,
cu
r
r
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la
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d
in
s
tr
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tio
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al
lead
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ip
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d
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r
ac
tical
tr
ain
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g
with
in
th
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p
r
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-
s
er
v
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f
th
e
HDT
PP
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h
e
ex
p
er
t
p
an
el
ev
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ated
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h
e
clar
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s
ci
en
tific
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cu
r
ac
y
,
lin
g
u
is
tic
q
u
ality
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d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
ei
r
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
m
ain
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
in
d
icato
r
s
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
v
al
r
atin
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o
f
8
0
%
o
r
h
ig
h
er
wer
e
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etai
n
ed
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iewe
r
s
also
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
t
h
e
d
eletio
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o
f
o
n
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
d
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r
f
r
o
m
th
e
th
ir
d
cr
iter
io
n
(
ed
u
ca
tio
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al
en
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ir
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m
e
n
t)
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d
s
u
g
g
ested
lin
g
u
is
tic
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ev
is
io
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
Ar
ab
ic
tr
an
s
latio
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ac
cu
r
ately
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ef
lecte
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th
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in
ten
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
E
n
g
lis
h
v
er
s
io
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
f
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
clu
d
ed
1
0
m
ain
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
a
n
d
3
2
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le,
th
e
m
ain
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
u
n
d
er
ea
c
h
d
o
m
ain
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
ea
ch
cr
iter
io
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Do
m
ai
n
s
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
in
th
e
co
m
p
eten
c
y
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
f
o
r
g
r
ad
u
ates o
f
th
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b
ased
o
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th
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I
n
T
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tan
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ar
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D
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g
1
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e
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l
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me
n
t
1
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2
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
6
.
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a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
15
-
18
2
.
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c
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3
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7
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l
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19
-
21
3
.
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r
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m
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6
-
8
8
.
Te
a
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22
-
25
C
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4
.
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k
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w
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d
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9
-
11
P
r
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f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
r
e
sp
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s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
9
.
P
r
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f
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ss
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
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g
a
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d
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t
h
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c
a
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p
r
a
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t
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e
26
-
29
5
.
A
p
p
l
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t
12
-
14
1
0
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L
e
a
d
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r
s
h
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p
a
n
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
30
-
32
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
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er p
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(
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Al
-
A
n
a
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)
171
T
o
v
e
r
if
y
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
it
y
o
f
th
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s
tu
d
y
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t,
it
was
ap
p
lied
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a
p
ilo
t
s
am
p
le
o
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8
7
m
ale
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d
f
em
ale
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h
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s
d
r
awn
f
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o
m
th
e
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y
p
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p
u
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b
u
t
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ts
id
e
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m
ain
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
co
r
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ted
co
r
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icien
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lc
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lated
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etwe
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o
m
ai
n
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d
th
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o
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th
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ca
le.
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a
b
le
2
s
h
o
ws t
h
e
v
alu
es o
f
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
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r
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s
er
v
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d
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cr
im
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p
o
wer
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f
th
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s
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lts
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icate
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icien
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etwe
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er
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m
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co
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e
r
an
g
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r
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m
0
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8
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,
wh
ile
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e
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alu
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itiv
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ig
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ican
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5
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v
el,
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in
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s
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g
d
ir
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s
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ip
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at
in
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es
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in
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ated
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ig
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im
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p
p
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co
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clu
s
io
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t
h
at
th
e
s
ca
le
h
as
s
tr
o
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g
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n
s
tr
u
ct
v
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an
d
ef
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tiv
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m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
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[
3
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
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,
to
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o
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f
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ter
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tr
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C
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T
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le
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o
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ter
n
al
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ten
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e
f
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icien
ts
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ed
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etwe
en
(
0
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6
5
-
0
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8
8
)
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
v
alu
es
[
3
1
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
r
r
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n
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
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d
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r
a
n
d
c
o
r
r
el
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ain
d
o
m
ain
with
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e
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tal
s
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D
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30
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T
ab
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3
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Valu
es
o
f
in
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
co
ef
f
icien
ts
u
s
in
g
C
r
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ac
h
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s
alp
h
a
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et
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d
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o
ma
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t
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t
hica
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co
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E
th
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id
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lly
o
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s
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2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
6
:
1
66
-
1
80
172
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
elev
an
t
a
ca
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
co
n
tacte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
ei
r
f
o
r
m
er
teac
h
er
s
in
HDT
PP
,
wh
o
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
t
o
a
f
in
al
s
am
p
le
o
f
6
8
6
teac
h
e
r
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
ate
o
f
5
2
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
o
r
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
[
31
]
.
Nec
ess
ar
y
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
als
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ele
v
an
t
au
t
h
o
r
ities
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
was
g
u
ar
an
teed
f
r
o
m
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
b
jec
tiv
es
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
,
an
d
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
r
i
g
h
ts
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cla
r
if
ied
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
eir
r
ig
h
t
to
with
d
r
aw
at
an
y
tim
e
with
o
u
t
r
ep
e
r
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
co
n
d
u
cted
co
m
p
letely
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
ly
,
with
o
u
t
co
lle
ctin
g
an
y
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ata
t
h
at
wo
u
ld
id
en
tif
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
to
m
ai
n
tain
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
b
ias o
r
s
o
cial
d
esira
b
ilit
y
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
a
s
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
eir
d
ata
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
o
n
ly
f
o
r
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
an
d
wo
u
ld
h
av
e
n
o
i
m
p
ac
t o
n
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
r
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t statu
s
.
2
.
4
.
Study
v
a
ria
bles
a
nd
s
t
a
t
is
t
ic
a
l t
re
a
t
m
ent
s
T
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
le
in
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
lev
el
to
wh
ich
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
g
r
a
d
u
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
HDT
PP
p
o
s
s
ess
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
is
v
ar
iab
le
is
tr
ea
ted
as
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
co
r
e,
c
alcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
to
tal
s
co
r
es
o
b
tain
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
3
2
s
u
b
-
cr
iter
ia
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
r
atin
g
s
ca
le.
T
wo
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
,
b
o
th
o
f
wh
ic
h
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ical:
i
)
s
p
ec
ializa
tio
n
:
a
n
o
m
in
al
v
a
r
iab
le
with
f
iv
e
lev
els
(
Ar
ab
ic,
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ath
e
m
atics,
s
cien
ce
,
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
)
an
d
ii
)
te
ac
h
er
g
en
d
er
:
a
n
o
m
i
n
al
v
a
r
ia
b
le
with
two
lev
els
(
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
)
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
th
ir
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
m
ea
n
s
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
,
an
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
lev
e
l
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
a
n
d
i
d
en
tify
a
r
ea
s
f
o
r
th
e
HDT
PP
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
o
an
s
wer
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
,
wh
ich
ex
am
in
es
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
s
co
r
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
g
en
d
er
a
n
d
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
,
a
2
-
w
ay
ANOV
A
an
d
MA
NOV
A
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
is
s
tati
s
tical
te
s
t
was
u
s
e
d
to
id
en
tify
an
y
s
tatis
ticall
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ain
ef
f
ec
ts
o
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t v
ar
ia
b
les o
n
th
e
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
s
co
r
es.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
ici
en
cy
am
o
n
g
g
r
a
d
u
ates
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
in
J
o
r
d
an
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
s
elf
-
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
o
f
wo
r
k
in
g
in
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
llo
win
g
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
.
Usi
n
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
iz
ed
r
atin
g
s
ca
le,
th
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
r
g
an
ized
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esear
ch
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
.
3
.
1
.
Wha
t
is
t
he
lev
el
o
f
t
ea
ching
pro
f
iciency
a
m
o
ng
g
r
a
du
a
t
es
o
f
t
he
H
DT
P
P
in
J
o
rda
n
a
cc
o
rding
t
o
t
he
I
nT
A
SC st
a
nd
a
rd
s
?
3
.
1
.
1
.
T
he
lev
el
o
f
t
ea
ching
pro
f
iciency
a
cc
o
rding
t
o
t
he
do
m
a
i
ns
a
nd
s
t
a
nd
a
rd
s
Me
an
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
o
r
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
s
co
r
e
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
o
u
r
ar
ea
s
:
lear
n
er
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
,
c
o
n
ten
t,
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
ti
ce
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
all
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
am
o
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
th
e
HDT
PP
was
2
.
8
8
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
m
ed
iu
m
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
is
s
co
r
e
is
c
lo
s
e
to
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
f
o
r
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
(
3
.
0
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
d
,
b
u
t
d
id
n
o
t
f
u
lly
attain
h
ig
h
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
o
v
er
all.
W
h
en
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
(
m
=
2
.
9
3
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
(
M
=2
.
8
9
)
,
an
d
th
e
n
b
o
th
lear
n
er
an
d
lear
n
in
g
an
d
co
n
ten
t d
o
m
ain
s
,
wh
ich
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
eq
u
al
m
ea
n
s
o
f
2
.
8
6
.
All d
o
m
ain
s
f
ell
with
in
th
e
m
e
d
iu
m
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
d
o
m
ai
n
s
co
r
es
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
teac
h
er
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
h
ad
a
b
alan
ce
d
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
all
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
HDT
PP
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
eq
u
itab
le
tr
ai
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ately
em
p
h
asize
o
n
e
ar
ea
o
v
er
o
th
er
s
.
As
s
u
ch
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
ef
lect
a
lev
el
o
f
c
o
h
er
e
n
ce
in
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
a
d
d
r
ess
es
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
e
q
u
ally
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
h
o
u
ld
alig
n
with
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
alan
ce
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
ea
n
s
r
an
g
e
d
b
etwe
en
2
.
7
8
a
n
d
3
.
0
3
.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
,
th
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
e
an
s
co
r
e
(
M=
3
.
0
3
)
,
wh
ich
r
ef
l
ec
ts
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
is
is
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
ates
’
p
r
ac
tical
te
ac
h
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
af
ter
c
o
m
p
letin
g
th
e
HDT
PP
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
ed
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
ap
p
ly
p
r
ac
tical
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
class
r
o
o
m
s
ettin
g
s
.
Su
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
th
at
ass
es
s
teac
h
er
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
[
3
2
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
Ma
r
za
n
o
’
s
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
[
1
6
]
th
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
as v
ital b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
q
u
ality
i
n
teac
h
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
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&
R
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d
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
tea
ch
in
g
p
r
o
ficien
cy
a
mo
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te
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er p
r
ep
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ip
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tes
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(
Je
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d
M.
Al
-
A
n
a
ti
)
173
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ea
c
h
in
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p
r
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f
icien
c
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o
n
g
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ates o
f
th
e
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in
g
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an
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g
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d
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m
ain
s
an
d
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ar
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n
T
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D
o
ma
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t
a
n
d
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e
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7
8
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6
3
M
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i
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m
2
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2
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6
2
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u
m
3
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3
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3
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To
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o
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8
6
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5
5
M
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4
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p
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Te
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6
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2
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6
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i
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7
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l
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a
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g
2
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9
9
0
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6
2
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d
i
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8
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a
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h
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n
g
st
r
a
t
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i
e
s
2
.
8
4
0
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5
8
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2
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9
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5
6
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m
P
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p
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b
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9
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P
r
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f
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i
o
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a
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e
a
r
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i
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g
a
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c
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2
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5
0
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5
9
M
e
d
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u
m
10
.
L
e
a
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r
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p
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n
2
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0
0
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6
3
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d
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u
m
To
t
a
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f
o
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h
e
d
o
mai
n
2
.
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3
0
.
5
8
M
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d
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m
To
t
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l
f
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h
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u
d
y
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n
s
t
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u
m
e
n
t
2
.
8
8
0
.
5
3
M
e
d
i
u
m
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
l
o
west
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
was
lear
n
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
(
M
=
2
.
7
8
)
,
wh
i
le
lear
n
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
also
s
h
o
wed
a
r
elativ
ely
lo
w
s
co
r
e
(
M=
2
.
7
8
)
.
B
o
th
r
em
ai
n
ed
with
in
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
lev
el
b
u
t
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
Desp
ite
m
o
d
er
ate
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
v
er
all,
p
atter
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
g
ap
s
in
lear
n
e
r
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
r
a
ctice
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
wea
k
in
clu
s
iv
en
ess
an
d
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
m
ay
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
HDT
PP
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
ex
p
er
ien
ce
with
o
u
t
g
i
v
in
g
a
d
eq
u
ate
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ies
an
d
d
e
d
icate
d
co
u
r
s
ewo
r
k
i
n
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
tal
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Su
ch
co
u
r
s
es
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
teac
h
er
s
to
r
esp
o
n
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
el
y
to
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
eq
u
itab
le
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
g
ap
s
co
u
ld
lea
d
to
m
o
r
e
well
-
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
te
ac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
Fin
ally
,
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
wed
ali
g
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
d
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
Alk
h
ald
i
[
2
4
]
,
wh
ich
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
h
ig
h
teac
h
er
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
i
n
cr
ea
tin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Simila
r
ly
,
Al
-
So
u
q
i
[
2
2
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
all
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
was
m
o
d
er
ate,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
5
]
,
[
29
]
f
o
u
n
d
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
am
o
n
g
n
ew
teac
h
er
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
co
n
tex
tu
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
,
o
r
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
ch
an
g
es m
ay
ac
co
u
n
t f
o
r
th
e
d
is
cr
ep
a
n
cies.
3
.
1
.
2
.
T
he
lev
el
o
f
t
ea
ching
pro
f
iciency
a
cc
o
rding
t
o
s
pecia
liza
t
io
ns
T
o
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
ce
s
i
n
t
e
ac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
za
t
i
o
n
,
m
e
a
n
s
,
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
f
iv
e
m
ajo
r
ar
ea
s
o
f
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
tar
g
eted
b
y
th
e
HDT
P
P:
Ar
ab
ic,
E
n
g
lis
h
,
m
ath
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
s
(
all
b
r
an
ch
es),
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
er
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
an
o
v
er
all
t
ea
ch
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
s
co
r
e
was
co
m
p
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
all
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
5
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
v
iew
o
f
h
o
w
g
r
ad
u
ates in
ea
ch
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
r
elatio
n
to
t
h
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
ab
le
5
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
Ar
ab
ic
l
an
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
er
s
ac
h
iev
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
iv
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
s
,
with
a
m
ea
n
o
f
2
.
9
8
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
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8
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J
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R
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Vo
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15
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Feb
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66
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80
174
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
ar
ti
ally
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
Al
-
So
u
q
i’
s
s
tu
d
y
[
2
2
]
,
wh
ich
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
n
av
er
ag
e
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
lev
el
am
o
n
g
Ar
a
b
ic
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
t
teac
h
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
f
ield
tr
ain
in
g
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
it
d
i
f
f
er
s
with
r
eg
ar
d
t
o
m
ath
em
atics
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
a
h
i
g
h
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
lev
el,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
m
at
h
em
atics
teac
h
er
s
to
h
av
e
th
e
lo
west
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
Alk
h
ald
i
s
tu
d
y
[
2
4
]
o
f
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
I
n
T
ASC
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
was
at
a
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
el.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
le
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
ca
ll
f
o
r
d
ee
p
er
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
with
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
c
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
to
r
aise p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
lev
el
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
led
im
p
o
r
tan
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
tate
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
J
o
r
d
an
.
First,
it
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
p
o
s
s
ess
s
u
f
f
icien
t
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
to
m
ee
t
th
e
b
asic
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
,
b
u
t
th
eir
lack
o
f
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
s
k
ills
lim
i
ts
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ak
e
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
im
p
ac
t.
Seco
n
d
,
th
er
e
ar
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
s
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
lear
n
er
d
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
in
clu
s
iv
en
ess
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
c
h
allen
g
e
in
t
h
e
J
o
r
d
an
ia
n
c
o
n
tex
t,
wh
ich
is
witn
ess
in
g
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
s
o
cial,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
ar
ities
.
W
ith
o
u
t
en
h
an
cin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t,
g
r
ad
u
ates
m
ay
b
e
u
n
a
b
le
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
r
esp
o
n
d
to
t
h
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
all
lea
r
n
er
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
o
f
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t g
a
p
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
b
etwe
en
d
is
cip
lin
es
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ch
allen
g
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
ea
ch
f
ield
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
in
lig
h
t
o
f
n
atio
n
al
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
em
p
o
wer
teac
h
er
s
with
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
th
at
alig
n
with
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
R
ely
in
g
s
o
lely
o
n
av
e
r
ag
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
m
ay
lim
it
g
r
ad
u
ates
’
ab
ilit
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
cr
itica
l
th
in
k
in
g
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
,
a
n
d
cr
ea
tiv
ity
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
ar
e
p
iv
o
tal
elem
en
ts
o
f
J
o
r
d
an
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
e
f
o
r
m
ag
en
d
a.
Fin
ally
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
am
en
ta
l
r
ef
o
r
m
s
in
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
s
p
ec
if
ically
tar
g
eted
at
in
clu
s
iv
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
b
ject
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
teac
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies.
Stre
n
g
th
e
n
in
g
th
ese
ar
ea
s
will
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
r
aisi
n
g
teac
h
er
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
,
b
u
t
will
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
n
ati
o
n
al
d
r
iv
e
to
war
d
g
r
ea
ter
eq
u
ality
,
q
u
ality
,
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
e
n
ess
in
th
e
J
o
r
d
an
ia
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
3
.
2
.
Are
t
here
s
t
a
t
is
t
ica
lly
s
ig
n
if
ica
nt
diff
er
ence
s
(
α
=
0
.
0
5
)
in
t
he
t
ea
ching
co
m
pet
en
cy
s
co
re
s
o
f
g
ra
du
a
t
es o
f
t
he
H
DT
P
P
in
J
o
rda
n a
t
t
ributa
ble t
o
g
ender
a
nd
s
pecia
liza
t
io
n?
T
o
an
s
wer
th
is
q
u
esti
o
n
,
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
w
er
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
6
.
T
h
e
tab
le
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
a
b
le
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
th
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
s
co
r
es
b
ased
o
n
g
en
d
er
an
d
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
th
ese
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
s
tatis
tica
lly
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
(
α
=0
.
0
5
)
,
a
2
-
way
ANOV
A
wa
s
co
n
d
u
c
ted
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
an
aly
s
i
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
7
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
tat
is
tical
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
o
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
(
p
<0
.
0
5
)
with
a
s
m
all
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
(
η
²=
0
.
0
3
0
)
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
in
w
h
ich
t
h
e
teac
h
er
was
tr
ai
n
ed
h
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le,
th
o
u
g
h
m
o
d
est,
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
ei
r
o
v
e
r
all
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
n
o
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
g
e
n
d
er
o
n
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
m
ale
a
n
d
f
em
ale
teac
h
er
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
im
ilar
lev
els o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
am
p
le.
T
ab
le
6
.
Me
an
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
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