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c
a
l
or
ur
ba
n
de
p
l
oy
m
e
n
t
s
[21
]
–
[24]
.
In
t
hi
s
r
e
vi
e
w
,
t
h
e
t
e
rm
bi
t
drop
de
n
ot
e
s
t
he
c
u
m
ul
a
t
i
ve
l
os
s
of
us
e
ful
i
nf
orm
a
t
i
on
bi
t
s
a
l
ong
t
h
e
e
nd
-
to
-
e
n
d
p
a
t
h
t
h
a
t
i
s
i
ndu
c
e
d
by
ra
i
n
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
s
i
g
na
l
de
gra
da
t
i
on
,
m
a
ni
f
e
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
rough
a
n
e
l
e
v
a
t
e
d
b
i
t
e
rro
r
ra
t
e
,
fra
m
e
l
os
s
,
p
a
c
ke
t
dro
ps
,
a
nd
a
d
e
gr
a
de
d
qu
a
l
i
t
y
of
s
e
rv
i
c
e
(Q
oS
)
i
n
t
hro
ughpu
t
,
de
l
a
y,
a
n
d
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
hre
e
s
p
e
c
i
fi
c
ga
ps
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
e
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
.
F
i
rs
t
,
t
he
r
e
i
s
a
l
a
c
k
of
s
t
a
n
da
rd
i
z
e
d
r
a
i
n
fa
l
l
pr
opa
g
a
t
i
on
da
t
a
s
e
t
s
fo
r
s
h
ort
-
r
a
ng
e
m
m
W
a
v
e
l
i
nks
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
ul
a
rl
y
f
or
de
ns
e
urba
n
s
m
a
l
l
c
e
l
l
s
.
S
e
c
o
nd,
a
t
t
e
n
ua
t
i
on
a
nd
propa
g
a
t
i
on
m
od
e
l
s
a
r
e
ov
e
rr
e
l
i
a
n
t
on
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
ons
w
i
t
h
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
e
m
p
i
ri
c
a
l
v
a
l
i
da
t
i
o
n
a
ga
i
ns
t
r
e
a
l
t
ra
ffi
c
t
ra
c
e
s
or
p
a
c
ke
t
-
l
e
ve
l
Q
oS
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
s
.
T
h
i
rd
,
fe
w
s
t
u
di
e
s
i
nt
e
gra
t
e
ra
i
n
a
t
t
e
nu
a
t
i
on,
b
i
t
-
l
e
v
e
l
i
m
pa
i
rm
e
nt
,
a
n
d
Q
oS
e
ff
e
c
t
s
i
nt
o
a
un
i
fi
e
d
fra
m
e
w
o
rk.
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
a
d
dre
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
s
e
ga
ps
t
hrough
a
c
ri
t
i
c
a
l
l
i
t
e
ra
t
ure
re
v
i
e
w
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
ng
t
h
e
i
m
pa
c
t
s
of
pre
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
on
5G
m
m
W
a
ve
p
e
rfor
m
a
n
c
e
.
It
offe
rs
pr
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
c
om
m
e
n
da
t
i
ons
.
I
t
l
e
v
e
r
a
ge
s
M
i
ng
e
rs
’
c
ri
t
i
c
a
l
fr
a
m
e
w
ork
[25]
,
[
26]
t
o
s
c
ru
t
i
n
i
z
e
rh
e
t
ori
c
a
nd
obj
e
c
t
i
vi
t
y
a
nd
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
d
e
nt
i
fi
e
s
b
i
a
s
s
ourc
e
s
w
hi
l
e
s
t
r
e
s
s
i
ng
t
h
e
ne
e
d
for
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
e
d
pre
di
c
t
i
ve
m
o
de
l
s
[27
]
–
[29]
.
2.
M
ET
H
O
D
T
hi
s
s
t
u
dy
l
e
ve
ra
g
e
d
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
re
vi
e
w
(S
L
R)
m
e
t
hodo
l
ogy
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
fy
,
s
c
r
e
e
n,
a
nd
c
ri
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
r
e
l
e
va
nt
pe
e
r
-
r
e
vi
e
w
e
d
s
t
ud
i
e
s
.
S
e
a
r
c
he
s
w
e
r
e
c
ondu
c
t
e
d
i
n
IE
E
E
X
pl
ore
,
A
CM
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
L
i
br
a
ry
,
S
c
i
e
nc
e
D
i
r
e
c
t
,
a
nd
G
oogl
e
S
c
ho
l
a
r
.
T
h
e
E
l
i
c
i
t
t
oo
l
,
Ra
yya
n
,
a
n
d
E
ndN
o
t
e
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
for
f
i
l
t
e
ri
ng
a
nd
de
du
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on.
2.
1
.
D
e
f
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
q
u
e
s
ti
on
T
he
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
q
ue
s
t
i
on
(RQ
),
gu
i
de
d
by
t
h
e
S
L
R
pro
c
e
s
s
out
l
i
n
e
d
i
n
[2
7]
a
nd
re
c
e
n
t
i
ns
i
gh
t
s
from
[30]
,
[3
1]
,
w
a
s
a
s
fo
l
l
ow
s
.
RQ
:
W
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
he
i
m
pa
c
t
s
of
c
l
i
m
a
t
i
c
f
a
c
t
ors
,
pa
rt
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
pr
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
o
n,
on
5G
m
m
W
a
v
e
n
e
t
w
ork
pe
rfo
rm
a
nc
e
.
In
t
e
r
m
s
of
Q
oS
m
e
t
ri
c
s
s
uc
h
a
s
t
hroug
hput
,
pa
c
ke
t
l
os
s
,
a
n
d
d
e
l
a
y?
2.
2
.
K
e
yw
o
r
d
s
an
d
c
or
e
c
on
c
e
p
ts
F
our
c
or
e
c
on
c
e
pt
s
w
e
r
e
de
f
i
n
e
d:
“
pre
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
”
,
“
5G
m
m
W
a
v
e
ne
t
w
orks
”
,
“
ne
t
w
ork
p
e
rfor
m
a
nc
e
m
e
t
ri
c
s
”
,
a
n
d
“
i
m
p
a
c
t
f
a
c
t
ors
”
.
K
e
yw
ords
i
nc
l
ude
d
s
yn
onym
s
a
nd
v
a
ri
a
nt
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
“
5G
m
m
W
a
v
e
”
,
“
pre
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
on”
,
“
r
a
i
n
a
t
t
e
nu
a
t
i
on”
,
“
t
hrough
put
”
,
“
pa
c
ke
t
l
os
s
”
,
“
d
e
l
a
y”
,
a
nd
“
ne
t
w
ork
pe
rf
orm
a
nc
e
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
”
.
2.
3
.
S
e
a
r
c
h
s
tr
i
n
g
d
e
ve
l
op
me
n
t
K
e
yw
ords
w
e
re
c
o
m
bi
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
Bool
e
a
n
op
e
ra
t
ors
,
w
i
l
dc
a
rd
s
,
a
nd
c
o
nt
ro
l
l
e
d
vo
c
a
bul
a
ry
.
T
he
P
I
CO
fra
m
e
w
ork
s
t
ru
c
t
u
re
d
t
h
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
M
e
S
H
t
e
r
m
s
c
a
p
t
ure
d
va
ri
a
t
i
ons
.
2.
3
.
1
.
D
atab
as
e
-
s
p
e
c
i
fi
c
ad
ap
tati
on
T
he
s
e
a
rc
h
s
t
r
i
ngs
w
e
r
e
t
a
i
l
or
e
d
pe
r
d
a
t
a
ba
s
e
:
‒
IE
E
E
X
p
l
o
r
e
,
A
CM
D
i
gi
t
a
l
L
i
bra
ry
,
G
oog
l
e
S
c
ho
l
a
r
,
E
l
i
c
i
t
:
(((((((“
Im
p
a
c
t
of
pr
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
”
O
R
“
Infl
ue
n
c
e
of
pre
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
on
”
O
R
“
E
ff
e
c
t
of
ra
i
n
a
t
t
e
n
ua
t
i
on
”
O
R
“
Infl
ue
n
c
e
of
ra
i
n
a
t
t
e
nu
a
t
i
on
”
O
R
“
I
m
p
a
c
t
of
r
a
i
n
a
t
t
e
nu
a
t
i
on”
)
A
N
D
(
5G
O
R
“
F
i
ft
h
ge
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n”
))
A
N
D
(m
m
W
a
v
e
O
R
“
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
t
e
r
w
a
v
e
”
))
A
N
D
(N
e
t
w
or
k*))
A
N
D
(
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
nc
e
m
e
t
ri
c
s
”
))
O
R
(T
hroug
hput
))
O
R
(
“
P
a
c
ke
t
l
os
s
”
))
O
R
(de
l
a
y)
‒
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
D
i
re
c
t
:
((((((
(“
I
m
pa
c
t
o
f
pre
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
on”
O
R
“
Inf
l
u
e
nc
e
of
pr
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
”
)
A
N
D
(
5G
)
A
N
D
(“
m
m
W
a
v
e
w
a
ve
”
))
A
N
D
(N
e
t
w
ork
))
A
N
D
(“
P
e
rfor
m
a
n
c
e
m
e
t
ri
c
s
”
))
O
R
(T
hr
oughpu
t
))
O
R
(“
P
a
c
k
e
t
l
os
s
”
))
O
R
(
de
l
a
y)
2.
4
.
I
n
c
l
u
s
i
on
an
d
e
xc
l
u
s
i
on
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
A
rt
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
r
e
i
nc
l
ud
e
d
i
f
t
he
y:
i
)
w
e
r
e
p
e
e
r
r
e
vi
e
w
e
d
a
n
d
pub
l
i
s
h
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
201
8
a
nd
2024
,
i
i
)
a
dd
re
s
s
e
d
5G
m
m
W
a
v
e
p
e
rfor
m
a
nc
e
u
nde
r
pr
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
,
i
i
i
)
w
e
r
e
i
n
E
ng
l
i
s
h
a
nd
s
p
a
nne
d
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
s
.
E
xc
l
us
i
o
n
c
ri
t
e
r
i
a
:
i
)
s
t
ud
i
e
s
unre
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
5G
or
pre
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
,
i
i
)
d
i
d
no
t
m
e
e
t
t
h
e
c
ri
t
e
r
i
a
.
T
he
P
RIS
M
A
gui
d
e
l
i
ne
s
[32]
a
nd
C
oc
h
ra
n
e
ha
nd
book
pri
nc
i
pl
e
s
[33]
i
nfor
m
e
d
t
hi
s
proc
e
s
s
.
2.
5
.
S
e
a
r
c
h
e
x
e
c
u
t
i
on
an
d
r
e
s
u
l
ts
T
he
p
ri
m
a
ry
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
t
ur
ne
d
1
3,
31
7
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
.
E
ndN
ot
e
r
e
m
ove
d
983
du
pl
i
c
a
t
e
s
.
T
he
t
i
t
l
e
s
a
nd
a
bs
t
r
a
c
t
s
of
t
he
re
m
a
i
n
i
ng
12
,
334
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
re
fur
t
h
e
r
s
c
re
e
ne
d
i
n
Ra
yy
a
n
.
A
t
ot
a
l
of
12
,
175
r
e
c
or
ds
w
e
re
furt
h
e
r
e
x
c
l
ude
d
.
T
he
re
m
a
i
ni
ng
159
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
re
e
xp
ort
e
d
t
o
M
i
c
ros
of
t
E
x
c
e
l
fo
r
fur
t
he
r
s
c
re
e
n
i
ng
on
t
h
e
ba
s
i
s
of
t
h
e
i
r
i
n
t
rod
uc
t
i
ons
,
m
e
t
hod
ol
og
i
e
s
,
fi
nd
i
ngs
,
a
nd
c
o
nc
l
us
i
ons
.
A
t
o
t
a
l
o
f
141
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
re
e
xc
l
ude
d:
119
l
a
c
ke
d
fu
l
l
t
e
x
t
,
18
h
a
d
ove
r
l
a
p
pi
ng
d
a
t
a
,
a
nd
4
h
a
d
i
ns
uffi
c
i
e
n
t
i
nfo
rm
a
t
i
on.
U
l
t
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
,
1
8
a
rt
i
c
l
e
s
m
e
t
t
he
e
l
i
g
i
bi
l
i
t
y
c
ri
t
e
r
i
a
for
t
he
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
.
T
h
e
P
RIS
M
A
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Com
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2722
-
3221
R
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IS
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2722
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3221
Com
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Com
pu
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S
c
i
Inf
T
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c
h
nol
IS
S
N
:
2722
-
3221
R
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on
a
nd
m
i
s
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
b
i
a
s
e
s
w
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
on
,
of
t
e
n
du
e
t
o
u
n
c
l
e
a
r
r
a
i
n
f
a
l
l
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
o
r
un
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
v
e
s
a
m
pl
i
ng
,
l
i
m
i
t
i
n
g
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
H
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
36
]
d
e
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
d
s
t
ro
ng
r
a
i
n
-
r
a
t
e
c
o
rr
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
b
u
t
l
a
c
k
e
d
m
e
t
h
od
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
r
a
ns
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
O
l
y
a
e
e
e
t
a
l
.
[3
7]
a
pp
l
i
e
d
a
r
ob
us
t
s
t
o
c
h
a
s
t
i
c
m
od
e
l
w
i
t
ho
u
t
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
.
E
r
d
og
a
n
a
n
d
I
l
g
i
n
[
38
]
a
dd
r
e
s
s
e
d
a
t
m
os
ph
e
r
i
c
e
ff
e
c
t
s
b
ut
l
a
c
k
e
d
m
e
t
ho
do
l
og
i
c
a
l
d
e
t
a
i
l
,
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
fo
r
c
a
l
i
br
a
t
e
d
,
re
g
i
o
n
-
s
p
e
c
i
fi
c
m
o
d
e
l
s
.
‒
Cl
i
m
a
t
e
va
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
nd
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
m
ode
l
l
i
ng
:
K
a
n
t
o
r
a
n
d
B
i
t
o
[3
9]
e
m
ph
a
s
i
z
e
d
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
m
od
e
l
s
a
dd
r
e
s
s
i
ng
no
ns
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
p
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
n
s
h
or
t
-
r
a
ng
e
m
m
W
a
v
e
l
i
n
ks
,
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
e
d
t
h
e
a
b
s
e
n
c
e
of
r
a
i
n
f
a
l
l
pr
op
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
n
e
a
r
3
8
G
H
z
,
a
n
d
c
a
l
l
e
d
fo
r
r
e
f
i
n
e
d
m
od
e
l
s
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
e
d
d
a
t
a
.
B
e
y
on
d
a
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
od
e
l
i
ng
,
a
d
a
pt
i
v
e
m
o
du
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
di
n
g
,
po
w
e
r
c
o
nt
r
ol
,
a
n
d
l
i
nk
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
re
s
p
on
s
e
t
o
r
a
i
n
f
a
d
i
ng
h
a
v
e
re
c
e
n
t
l
y
b
e
e
n
pr
op
os
e
d
[4
0]
.
E
m
e
rgi
n
g
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
x
pl
or
e
s
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
rn
i
ng
-
ba
s
e
d
r
a
i
n
p
re
d
i
c
t
i
on
a
nd
s
c
he
du
l
i
n
g
c
or
r
e
c
t
i
on,
a
l
t
hough
t
h
e
s
e
m
ode
l
s
a
r
e
t
yp
i
c
a
l
l
y
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
on
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
or
non
m
m
W
a
ve
da
t
a
s
e
t
s
a
nd
r
a
re
l
y
i
n
c
orpor
a
t
e
pa
c
ke
t
-
l
e
v
e
l
Q
oS
m
e
a
s
ure
m
e
nt
s
.
T
he
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
n
e
s
s
of
t
he
s
e
m
e
t
hods
for
m
a
na
g
i
ng
bi
t
d
rop
a
nd
Q
oS
de
gr
a
d
a
t
i
on
t
h
e
re
fo
re
re
m
a
i
ns
i
ns
uff
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
v
a
l
i
da
t
e
d
.
‒
A
t
m
os
ph
e
ri
c
e
f
fe
c
t
s
on
m
m
W
a
ve
b
a
nds
:
E
rdo
ga
n
a
nd
I
l
gi
n
[3
8]
de
m
ons
t
ra
t
e
d
t
ha
t
fog
,
ra
i
n
,
a
n
d
ga
s
a
bs
orpt
i
on
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y
i
m
p
a
i
r
pr
opa
g
a
t
i
on
.
W
hi
l
e
h
i
gh
l
i
gh
t
i
n
g
ba
nd
a
l
l
oc
a
t
i
on
i
s
s
ue
s
,
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
m
e
t
hodo
l
ogi
c
a
l
t
ra
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
i
n
c
o
m
pl
e
t
e
r
e
por
t
i
ng
w
e
a
k
e
ne
d
i
nt
e
rna
l
v
a
l
i
di
t
y
.
‒
M
m
W
a
ve
ba
c
kh
a
ul
a
t
t
e
n
ua
t
i
on
:
H
a
n
e
t
al
.
[36]
re
p
ort
e
d
a
0.
731
c
orr
e
l
a
t
i
on
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
ra
i
n
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
s
i
gna
l
de
gr
a
d
a
t
i
on
i
n
32
G
H
z
L
O
S
-
M
IM
O
l
i
n
ks
,
bu
t
t
h
e
l
a
c
k
of
m
e
t
hod
ol
og
i
c
a
l
d
e
t
a
i
l
re
d
uc
e
d
re
pl
i
c
a
bi
l
i
t
y,
a
l
t
h
ough
t
h
e
i
r
fi
ndi
n
gs
r
e
i
nfo
rc
e
d
w
e
a
t
he
r
s
e
ns
i
t
i
vi
t
y
i
n
ba
c
kh
a
ul
l
i
nks
.
‒
P
re
di
c
t
i
ve
m
o
de
l
l
i
ng
:
L
i
vi
e
ra
t
os
e
t
al
.
[41]
prop
os
e
d
a
n
i
m
prove
d
r
a
i
n
a
t
t
e
nua
t
i
o
n
m
od
e
l
us
i
ng
I
T
U
R
S
G
3
d
a
t
a
,
w
hi
c
h
i
m
pr
ove
d
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
o
f
L
O
S
l
i
nks
but
l
a
c
k
e
d
re
gi
on
a
l
v
a
ri
a
t
i
on
t
re
a
t
m
e
n
t
a
nd
ful
l
de
s
i
gn
de
t
a
i
l
,
re
qu
i
ri
ng
va
l
i
d
a
t
i
on
a
c
r
os
s
di
ve
rs
e
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
s
i
n
fut
ur
e
w
ork
.
‒
M
e
s
h
n
e
t
w
or
k
f
e
a
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
unde
r
r
a
i
n
e
ve
n
t
s
:
F
a
r
a
gó
e
t
al
.
[
4
2]
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
d
ra
i
n
i
m
pa
c
t
s
on
5G
m
m
W
a
v
e
a
d
ho
c
n
e
t
w
o
rks
vi
a
M
A
T
L
A
B
a
n
d
s
ugg
e
s
t
e
d
l
i
nk
a
l
i
g
nm
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
d
i
re
c
t
i
on
,
a
l
t
h
ough
undoc
u
m
e
nt
e
d
e
nv
i
ron
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
ond
i
t
i
ons
a
nd
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
rs
l
i
m
i
t
t
ra
ns
fe
r
a
bi
l
i
t
y.
‒
S
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
of
a
t
m
os
phe
r
i
c
i
m
p
a
i
r
m
e
n
t
s
:
N
a
g
a
r
a
j
[43]
s
i
m
ul
a
t
e
d
a
t
t
e
nua
t
i
on
un
de
r
fog
,
ra
i
n
,
a
nd
a
t
m
os
phe
r
i
c
a
bs
orp
t
i
on
a
t
10
G
H
z
v
i
a
M
A
T
L
A
B
.
W
hi
l
e
o
ffe
ri
n
g
pra
c
t
i
c
a
l
i
ns
i
gh
t
s
,
un
c
l
e
a
r
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
ga
ps
a
nd
de
s
i
gn
de
t
a
i
l
s
w
e
a
k
e
n
re
l
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y.
‒
L
ow
d
e
ns
i
t
y
p
a
ri
t
y
c
he
c
k
c
od
i
ng
for
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
on
:
S
e
t
yow
a
t
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
44]
r
e
p
or
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
qu
a
d
ra
t
u
re
a
m
pl
i
t
ud
e
m
o
du
l
a
t
e
d
(
QAM
)
l
ow
d
e
ns
i
t
y
pa
ri
t
y
c
h
e
c
k
(
L
D
P
C
)
c
od
i
n
g
a
t
60
G
H
z
i
m
pro
v
e
d
t
h
e
B
E
R
un
d
e
r
ra
i
n,
b
ut
m
o
de
ra
t
e
bi
a
s
of
un
a
d
dr
e
s
s
e
d
ra
nd
om
i
z
a
t
i
on
a
nd
b
l
i
nd
i
n
g
r
e
du
c
e
d
i
nt
e
r
na
l
c
ons
i
s
t
e
n
c
y
,
s
ug
g
e
s
t
i
n
g
c
on
t
i
nu
e
d
c
o
d
e
op
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
l
a
rg
e
r
s
c
a
l
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
on
.
‒
S
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
l
i
n
k
a
t
t
e
n
ua
t
i
on
:
K
ot
a
m
r
a
j
u
a
nd
K
or
a
d
a
[45]
e
xa
m
i
n
e
d
c
l
oud
-
i
ndu
c
e
d
a
t
t
e
n
ua
t
i
on
i
n
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
l
i
nks
a
bov
e
10
G
H
z
a
nd
r
e
c
om
m
e
nde
d
m
u
l
t
i
s
i
t
e
va
l
i
d
a
t
i
on
t
o
e
n
ha
n
c
e
m
od
e
l
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
bu
t
t
h
e
w
e
a
k
m
e
t
hodo
l
ogy
l
i
m
i
t
s
t
ra
ns
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
e
rr
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
5G
n
e
t
w
orks
.
‒
S
D
S
a
nd
r
a
i
n
m
ode
l
l
i
ng:
Ol
y
a
e
e
e
t
al
.
[37
]
a
ppl
i
e
d
s
t
o
c
ha
s
t
i
c
g
e
o
m
e
t
ry
a
nd
t
h
e
P
o
i
s
s
on
po
i
nt
pro
c
e
s
s
(P
P
P
)
t
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
ra
i
n
a
n
d
s
a
nds
t
o
rm
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
.
T
h
e
fra
m
e
w
o
rk
i
s
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
s
ound
b
ut
l
a
c
ks
fi
e
l
d
va
l
i
da
t
i
on
,
re
d
uc
i
ng
i
t
s
e
x
t
e
r
na
l
a
ppl
i
c
a
bi
l
i
t
y.
‒
Re
gi
o
n
-
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
ra
i
n
m
od
e
l
s
:
L
a
m
e
t
a
l
.
[28]
us
e
d
t
hr
e
e
y
e
a
rs
of
r
a
i
nd
rop
s
i
z
e
d
i
s
t
ri
but
i
on
(D
S
D
)
da
t
a
i
n
M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
t
o
i
m
p
rove
28
-
a
nd
3
8
-
G
H
z
pr
e
d
i
c
t
i
ons
,
s
urp
a
s
s
i
ng
I
T
U
R
b
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
s
a
nd
hi
gh
l
i
g
ht
i
ng
t
he
i
m
por
t
a
nc
e
of
l
oc
a
l
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
rs
;
how
e
ve
r,
bro
a
de
r
t
ri
a
l
s
a
r
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
for
ge
n
e
ra
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n.
‒
P
e
rform
a
n
c
e
i
n
T
r
opi
c
a
l
S
uburbs
:
P
r
a
s
e
t
yo
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6]
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c
onfi
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m
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53
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9],
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A
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por
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8]
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or
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T
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6]
,
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4]
,
a
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