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s
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c
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ss
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rticle
u
n
d
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r th
e
CC B
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r
r
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s
p
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uth
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r
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an
d
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lectr
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s
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NT
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[
4
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[
5
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I
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E
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I
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2252
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8
7
9
2
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elem
en
tar
y
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
with
o
u
t a
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
v
eh
icl
es
an
d
elec
tr
ical
v
eh
icles
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
V
C
h
a
r
g
e
r
P
F
C
A
C
/
D
C
D
C
/
D
C
A
C
I
n
p
u
t
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
P
a
c
k
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
ar
g
er
with
i
s
o
lated
DC
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
ar
g
er
with
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
DC
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
OB
C
s
c
h
em
es
n
ec
ess
itates
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
esig
n
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
,
s
im
p
licity
,
an
d
ch
ea
p
co
s
t
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
OB
C
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
an
alter
n
ativ
e
way
to
r
ef
u
el
th
e
ca
r
at
h
o
m
e.
I
t
less
en
s
th
e
elec
tr
i
c
v
eh
icle'
s
r
elian
ce
o
n
p
u
b
lic
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
s
tatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
p
u
b
lic
ch
ar
g
er
s
ar
e
co
m
m
er
cially
p
r
i
ce
d
,
it r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
co
s
t o
f
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
L
i
g
h
t e
le
ctr
ic
v
e
h
icles,
s
u
ch
as e
-
r
ick
s
h
aws,
n
ee
d
a
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
with
l
ess
th
an
1
k
W
elec
tr
icity
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
h
as
class
if
ied
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
OB
C
i
n
to
two
s
tag
es:
u
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
O
B
C
an
d
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
OB
C
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
a
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
OB
C
s
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
t
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
a
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
,
a
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tifie
r
,
an
d
a
p
o
we
r
f
ac
t
o
r
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
is
u
s
ed
to
s
h
ap
e
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e.
I
t
is
u
s
ed
i
n
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
e
I
E
C
6
1
0
0
-
3
-
2
s
tan
d
ar
d
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
'
s
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tifie
r
o
p
er
ates
in
u
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
f
lo
w.
I
n
a
two
-
s
tag
e
elec
tr
ical
v
eh
icl
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
is
a
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tifie
r
with
a
PF
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
cir
cu
it,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
is
a
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
-
s
tag
e
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
ep
ar
ated
i
n
to
two
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
: iso
lated
an
d
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
.
T
h
e
ch
a
r
g
er
h
as
a
cr
u
cial
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
atter
y
life
an
d
th
e
ef
f
i
cien
cy
o
f
th
e
v
e
h
icle.
I
n
E
V
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
b
atter
y
ag
in
g
o
cc
u
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
d
r
ai
n
in
g
an
d
r
ec
h
a
r
g
in
g
.
I
r
r
eg
u
la
r
b
atter
y
c
h
ar
g
in
g
h
a
s
an
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
atter
y
e
n
d
u
r
a
n
ce
a
n
d
life
s
p
a
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
a
t
ex
tr
e
m
ely
l
o
w
an
d
ex
tr
e
m
ely
h
ig
h
lev
el
s
o
f
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
(
SOC
)
;
i
t
d
eter
io
r
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
ce
lls
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
h
elf
life
o
f
an
E
V
b
atter
y
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
ec
lin
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ab
o
u
t
th
e
b
atter
y
m
ay
b
e
d
etec
ted
as
s
tate
o
f
life
(
SOL)
.
A
tr
ad
itio
n
al
is
o
l
ated
co
n
v
e
r
ter
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
6
:
1
4
-
22
16
a
s
et
tu
r
n
r
atio
is
u
n
ab
le
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
at
SOC
v
alu
es
b
elo
w
2
0
%
a
n
d
ab
o
v
e
8
0
%.
I
t
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
u
s
e
a
s
witch
in
g
in
d
u
cto
r
b
u
ck
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
in
an
o
n
-
b
o
ar
d
ch
ar
g
er
s
y
s
tem
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
h
ig
h
PF
,
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
es
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
ep
icts
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
in
cl
u
d
es
a
s
witch
in
g
in
d
u
cto
r
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
te
r
an
d
a
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tifie
r
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Switch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
elim
in
ate
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
ig
,
c
u
m
b
er
s
o
m
e
co
u
p
led
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
/t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
is
i
)
a
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
an
aly
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
r
e
d
u
ce
d
lo
s
s
es
o
f
non
-
is
o
lated
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
b
y
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
t
er
;
ii
)
p
o
wer
f
ac
t
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
;
i
ii
)
c
h
ar
g
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l to
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
atter
y
life
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
v
er
ter
;
an
d
iv
)
s
im
u
latio
n
v
alid
ati
o
n
s
h
o
win
g
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
v
er
ter
with
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
.
2.
H
YB
RID
B
UCK
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
I
N
SWI
T
CH
E
D
I
ND
UC
T
O
R
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
s
witch
in
d
u
cto
r
h
y
b
r
id
b
u
ck
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
a
v
a
r
ian
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
u
c
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
4
in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
two
d
io
d
es,
an
d
a
s
in
g
le
m
ain
s
witch
(
M)
.
T
h
e
L
_
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
r
co
r
r
ec
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
lo
w
an
d
s
ep
ar
ates
th
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
in
t
o
f
o
u
r
p
o
r
ti
o
n
s
(
L
_
1
,
L
_
2
,
L
_
3
,
an
d
L
_
4
)
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
is
o
lated
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
ize,
wo
r
k
is
in
em
p
l
o
y
ed
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
d
u
cto
r
s
.
Six
s
witch
es
(
S1
–
S6
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
s
witch
f
o
u
r
in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
an
d
th
ey
o
n
ly
o
p
er
ate
in
d
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
(
DC
M
)
f
o
r
g
r
ea
te
r
ef
f
icien
cy
b
ec
a
u
s
e
ze
r
o
cu
r
r
en
t
s
witch
in
g
(
Z
C
S
)
is
allo
wed
an
d
r
e
v
er
s
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
lo
s
s
is
elim
in
ated
.
DC
M
o
p
e
r
atio
n
ad
d
itio
n
ally
allo
ws f
o
r
s
m
aller
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
wh
ich
r
aises
to
tal
p
o
wer
d
e
n
s
ity
.
In
th
e
s
witch
in
g
i
n
d
u
cto
r
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
p
o
we
r
f
ac
t
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
d
esig
n
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
v
es
ac
r
o
s
s
ev
er
y
o
p
e
r
atin
g
s
tag
e.
R
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
L
_
1
=
L
_
2
=
L
_
3
=
L
_
4
=
L
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
u
cto
r
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
in
d
u
cto
r
s
will
b
e
in
s
er
ies
wh
en
s
witch
M
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
,
th
ey
will
b
e
ch
ar
g
ed
to
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
tu
r
n
in
g
o
n
S3
an
d
S6
,
with
th
e
o
/p
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
to
th
e
b
atter
y
b
ein
g
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
ilter
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
in
d
u
cto
r
=
(
−
)
/
4
.
Du
r
in
g
s
witch
M
b
ein
g
OFF,
th
e
f
o
u
r
in
d
u
cto
r
s
will
b
e
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
lo
ad
b
y
s
witch
in
g
ON
S1
,
S2
,
S4
,
an
d
S5
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
in
d
u
cto
r
=
(
−
)
.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
o
f
a
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
h
y
b
r
id
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
m
ea
n
v
o
ltag
e
alo
n
g
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
m
u
s
t
r
em
ain
ze
r
o
f
o
r
th
e
wh
o
le
tim
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
is
/
=
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4
-
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.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Switch
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in
d
u
cto
r
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
c
u
r
r
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n
t f
lo
w
wh
en
(
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M,
S3
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d
S6
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e
o
n
an
d
(
b
)
M
is
o
f
f
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d
S1
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ar
e
ON
3.
ANALY
SI
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O
F
P
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R
F
ACTOR
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RR
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CT
I
O
N
AND
CH
ARG
E
CU
RREN
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CO
NT
RO
L
ST
RUC
T
UR
E
Fig
u
r
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5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
lete
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o
n
-
is
o
lated
ch
ar
g
in
g
cir
c
u
it
with
b
o
th
p
o
wer
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ac
to
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d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
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its
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u
r
r
en
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
m
o
d
e
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C
C
M)
is
u
s
ed
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th
e
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u
g
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ested
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er
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r
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ate
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c
o
m
p
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cto
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y
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ck
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e
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ter
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C
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M
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im
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le
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n
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d
en
a
b
les
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h
ig
h
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
with
o
u
t
r
e
q
u
ir
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g
in
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
am
p
lin
g
.
T
h
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
’
s
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
v
ar
ies
in
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
t
o
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e;
h
en
ce
,
in
p
u
t
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o
lta
g
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
is
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
C
C
M
m
o
n
ito
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s
,
o
b
s
er
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es,
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d
lim
its
th
e
in
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u
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r
cu
r
r
en
t
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en
ab
le
a
n
d
a
n
aly
ze
ea
ch
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g
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ir
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ich
th
e
in
d
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cu
r
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t
f
lo
ws
all
o
v
er
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ch
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witch
in
g
cy
cle.
V
i
n
D
1
C
L
o
a
d
S
w
i
t
c
h
(
T
)
D
2
S
w
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t
c
h
e
d
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
C
e
l
l
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w
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d
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r
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I
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l Po
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E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
xten
d
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b
a
tter
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life a
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d
r
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cin
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n
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a
m
K
is
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u
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17
Fig
u
r
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6
d
ep
icts
h
o
w
th
e
i
n
d
u
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cu
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r
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en
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atin
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o
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itio
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lar
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ef
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icien
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th
at
n
o
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alize
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e
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lo
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e
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m
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en
s
atio
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am
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e
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r
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f
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y
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g
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ce
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ty
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atio
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ch
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its
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u
m
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al
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e,
p
r
o
v
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h
at
th
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cu
r
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t
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c
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th
e
co
m
p
en
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atio
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am
p
'
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alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
A
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
ch
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g
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g
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
with
p
o
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f
ac
to
r
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l u
n
it
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Switch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
c
h
ar
g
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c
o
n
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e
r
ter
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l m
o
d
e
I
t
is
s
et
to
0
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8
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
u
ty
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atio
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MA
T
L
AB
is
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
ev
al
u
ate
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if
f
er
en
t
Ks
v
alu
es,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
to
1
0
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
PF
an
d
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD
)
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
g
en
e
r
ally
s
h
o
wn
as Ks
=
1.
T
h
e
s
tab
iliza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ad
e
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ates
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v
er
u
s
ag
e
tim
e
is
th
e
m
ai
n
f
a
cto
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
eir
f
all
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cy
cle
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u
n
t.
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h
is
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eh
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io
r
s
u
g
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ests
th
at
t
h
e
p
ass
iv
atio
n
lay
er
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co
n
tin
u
in
g
to
g
r
o
w
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d
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n
s
o
lid
ate
at
th
e
s
o
lid
elec
tr
o
ly
te
co
n
tact,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
m
o
r
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tab
le
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ter
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ac
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th
at
s
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ws
d
o
wn
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r
r
o
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io
n
.
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m
o
r
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u
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m
ain
r
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s
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p
r
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d
u
r
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e
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to
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ag
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tag
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ter
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ce
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ig
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ich
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m
ain
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n
f
lu
en
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d
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Ar
r
h
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s
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n
,
5
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g
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r
r
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n
t sh
o
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l
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e
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s
ed
wh
en
ch
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r
g
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g
th
e
b
atter
y
b
etwe
en
2
0
% a
n
d
8
0
% o
f
SOC
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
7
9
2
I
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18
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
,
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
-
i
s
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
is
o
lated
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
t
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
on
-
i
s
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
th
e
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
o
f
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
b
atter
y
SOC
an
d
b
atter
y
a
p
p
lied
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
w
ith
th
e
n
on
-
i
s
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e,
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
tan
d
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
in
an
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
with
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
an
d
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
s
:
(
a)
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
with
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
i
n
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
,
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
with
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lt
ag
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
T
HD
lev
els o
f
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t in
an
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
with
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
a
n
d
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
s
:
(
a)
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
T
HD
o
f
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
(
b
)
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
T
H
D
o
f
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
xten
d
in
g
b
a
tter
y
life a
n
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
ch
a
r
g
in
g
c
o
s
ts
in
elec
tr
i
c
ve
h
icles th
r
o
u
g
h
…
(
Ja
n
g
a
m
K
is
h
o
r
e
B
a
b
u
)
19
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
An
E
V
b
atter
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
en
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
co
n
v
er
ter
:
(
a)
b
atter
y
SOC
with
non
-
is
o
lated
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
an
d
(
b
)
b
atter
y
ap
p
lied
cu
r
r
en
ts
with
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fo
r
u
s
e
as
an
elec
tr
ic
ca
r
ch
ar
g
er
,
a
n
on
-
i
s
o
lated
b
u
ck
to
p
o
lo
g
y
PF
C
co
n
v
er
te
r
with
a
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
e
was
p
r
esen
ted
,
ex
am
in
ed
,
an
d
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
A
b
r
ief
in
g
was
g
iv
e
n
o
n
h
o
w
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
Ks
r
am
p
v
alu
e
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
e
g
u
lated
m
o
d
e
t
o
a
s
witch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
b
u
ck
PF
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
ese
d
ata
v
al
id
ate
th
e
n
o
n
-
is
o
lated
s
witch
in
g
in
d
u
cto
r
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
ef
f
i
cien
cy
as
an
elec
tr
ic
ca
r
ch
ar
g
er
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
s
witch
ed
-
in
d
u
cto
r
h
y
b
r
id
-
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
im
p
r
o
v
es
u
tili
ty
-
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
in
u
s
o
id
al,
b
a
lan
ce
d
,
an
d
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
ch
ar
ac
ter
.
I
t
a
d
ju
s
ts
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
u
tili
ty
-
g
r
id
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
a
n
d
ac
h
iev
es
h
ig
h
e
r
p
o
wer
-
q
u
ality
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
m
ak
in
g
it
id
ea
l
f
o
r
two
-
wh
ee
l
er
E
V
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
T
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.