I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
3
5
2
~
3
6
0
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
1
5
.
i
1
.
pp
352
-
360
352
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
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esco
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co
m/
4
7
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kV
lig
htning i
mpuls
e t
es
t
o
f
a
n
insul
a
tor embedd
ed in
press
urized
and h
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ted
liqui
d ni
trog
en
Ste
f
a
n F
ink
,
Sv
en
L
a
ute
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a
ck
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Vo
l
k
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wec
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I
n
st
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t
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t
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f
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c
h
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c
a
l
P
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y
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c
s
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K
a
r
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sr
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h
e
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
K
I
T)
-
C
a
mp
u
s N
o
r
d
,
E
g
g
e
n
st
e
i
n
-
Le
o
p
o
l
d
s
h
a
f
e
n
,
G
e
r
ma
n
y
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Sep
1
9
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Dec
1
2
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
an
9
,
2
0
2
6
Li
q
u
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d
n
it
r
o
g
e
n
is
t
h
e
m
o
st
c
o
m
m
o
n
flu
id
f
o
r
c
o
o
li
n
g
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
p
o
we
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
d
e
v
ice
s.
Th
e
d
iele
c
tri
c
stre
n
g
th
o
f
a
n
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n
s
u
lato
r
ro
d
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m
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e
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in
li
q
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id
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it
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e
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t
a
p
re
ss
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re
o
f
0
.
3
M
P
a
wa
s
in
v
e
stig
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ted
with
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g
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n
g
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u
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v
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f
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tr
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th
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p
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a
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ll
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u
late
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a
ti
n
g
imp
u
lse
s
with
a
d
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ra
ti
o
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o
f
1
0
.
1
s.
Be
fo
re
tri
g
g
e
ri
n
g
t
h
e
h
e
a
ter
imp
u
lse
,
th
e
li
q
u
i
d
n
it
r
o
g
e
n
wa
s
in
th
e
su
b
c
o
o
led
sta
te
i.
e
.
,
a
p
u
re
li
q
u
i
d
.
Tran
sie
n
t
b
u
b
b
le
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
h
e
a
ter
imp
u
lse
wa
s
c
o
n
firme
d
b
y
v
i
d
e
o
re
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
h
ro
u
g
h
a
n
o
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
win
d
o
w
o
f
th
e
c
ry
o
sta
t
.
Th
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
4
7
3
k
V
wa
s
k
e
p
t
b
y
a
g
a
p
len
g
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o
f
1
8
m
m
in
c
a
se
o
f
imp
u
lse
s
o
f
p
o
siti
v
e
p
o
larit
y
.
A
g
a
p
o
f
3
0
m
m
wa
s
n
e
c
e
ss
a
ry
in
c
a
se
o
f
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
p
o
larity
.
He
n
c
e
,
a
str
o
n
g
p
o
larit
y
e
ffe
c
t
wa
s
fo
u
n
d
.
Ca
lcu
late
d
field
v
a
l
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e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
su
lt
s
d
o
n
o
t
e
x
c
e
e
d
li
m
it
s
u
se
d
fo
r
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
e
si
g
n
st
u
d
y
fo
r
a
su
p
p
o
rt
in
su
lat
o
r
o
f
a
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
fa
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
r.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Flas
h
o
v
er
L
ig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
L
iq
u
id
n
itr
o
g
en
Su
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
Vo
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Stef
an
Fin
k
I
n
s
titu
te
f
o
r
T
ec
h
n
ical
Ph
y
s
ics,
Kar
ls
r
u
h
e
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
KI
T
)
-
C
am
p
u
s
No
r
d
Her
m
an
n
-
v
o
n
-
Helm
h
o
ltz
-
Platz
1
,
7
6
3
4
4
E
g
g
e
n
s
tein
-
L
eo
p
o
l
d
s
h
af
en
,
Ger
m
a
n
y
E
m
ail:
f
in
k
@
k
it.e
d
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
a
u
lt
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
d
u
e
to
r
is
in
g
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
o
r
e
n
h
an
ce
d
m
esh
in
g
is
a
cr
itical
is
s
u
e
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
g
r
id
p
la
n
n
in
g
[
1
]
.
On
e
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
f
ix
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
au
lt
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
t
lim
iter
s
(
S
FC
L
)
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
SF
C
L
f
o
r
m
ed
iu
m
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
ex
is
t
o
r
h
av
e
b
ee
n
o
p
er
ated
in
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
p
r
o
jects
in
g
r
id
[
4
]
–
[
6
]
.
Fo
r
h
ig
h
e
r
v
o
ltag
es
p
r
o
jects
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
e.
g
.
in
[
7
]
–
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
tly
m
o
s
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
ail
y
g
r
id
o
p
er
atin
g
SF
C
L
is
o
p
e
r
ated
in
th
e
2
2
0
k
V
g
r
id
o
f
UNE
C
O
in
Mo
s
co
w,
R
u
s
s
ia
[
1
0
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
[
1
1
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
3
8
0
k
V
SF
C
L
f
o
r
Ger
m
an
y
b
u
t
d
i
elec
tr
ic
is
s
u
es
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
o
n
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
tr
ap
o
la
tio
n
s
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lack
o
f
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
al
d
ata
c
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
an
d
s
ize
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
c
r
y
o
g
en
ic
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
f
ac
ilit
y
is
u
n
d
er
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
with
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
3
8
0
k
V
SF
C
L
.
So
m
e
s
p
ar
k
o
v
er
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
at
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
f
ew
1
0
0
k
V
a
n
d
w
ith
g
ap
len
g
th
s
o
f
f
ew
1
0
t
h
s
o
f
m
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
with
th
e
alr
e
ad
y
ex
is
tin
g
f
ac
ilit
y
“Fatelin
i2
”
m
ay
d
eliv
e
r
u
s
ef
u
l
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
u
tli
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
ap
p
ar
atu
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t p
a
p
er
d
escr
ib
es su
ch
a
“m
ed
iu
m
s
ca
le
”
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
Pre
s
s
u
r
ized
s
u
b
co
o
led
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
was
s
elec
ted
as
elec
tr
ical
f
ield
s
tr
ess
ed
co
o
lan
t
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
p
e
r
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
to
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
s
tate
(
“q
u
en
ch
”
)
is
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
p
er
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
d
ev
ices
,
lik
e
f
u
s
io
n
m
ag
n
ets
u
n
wan
ted
an
d
p
r
e
f
er
ab
ly
a
n
e
v
er
o
cc
u
r
r
i
n
g
f
au
lt
ca
s
e.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
f
o
r
th
e
SF
C
L
,
it
is
th
e
co
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
e.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
n
i
tr
o
g
en
f
lu
id
b
y
h
ea
t
in
p
u
t is an
im
p
o
r
tan
t to
p
ic
[
1
4]
–
[
1
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
4
7
3
kV
lig
h
tn
in
g
imp
u
ls
e
test
o
f a
n
in
s
u
la
t
o
r
emb
ed
d
ed
in
p
r
ess
u
r
iz
ed
a
n
d
h
ea
te
d
…
(
S
tef
a
n
F
in
k
)
353
Fu
ll
wav
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
i
m
p
u
ls
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
test
s
.
An
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
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ls
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
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e
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
with
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
an
d
with
o
u
t
in
s
u
l
ato
r
was
p
u
b
lis
h
e
d
in
[
1
8
]
with
test
s
o
f
n
e
g
ativ
e
p
o
lar
ity
u
p
to
4
7
5
k
V.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
lis
ted
ex
p
licitly
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
lar
ity
ab
o
v
e
1
0
0
k
V
(
s
o
m
etim
es
p
o
lar
ity
is
n
o
t
c
lear
)
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
it
is
f
o
r
eseen
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
with
b
o
th
p
o
lar
ities
.
Flas
h
o
v
er
s
f
o
r
liq
u
i
d
to
s
o
lid
i
n
s
u
lato
r
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
in
ca
s
e
a
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t stru
ctu
r
e
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
S
u
ch
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
t stru
ctu
r
e
is
in
cl
u
d
ed
as p
o
s
t in
s
u
lato
r
f
o
r
th
e
3
8
0
k
V
SF
C
L
d
esig
n
an
d
was id
en
tifie
d
as o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t c
r
itical
lo
ca
tio
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
ce
iv
in
g
co
m
p
ac
t d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ap
e
r
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
n
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
an
i
n
s
u
lato
r
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
p
r
ess
u
r
ized
s
u
b
c
o
o
led
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
with
a
h
ea
ta
b
le
g
r
o
u
n
d
elec
tr
o
d
e.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
wav
e
f
o
r
m
was
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
o
f
4
8
0
k
V
.
2.
SE
T
UP
AND
T
E
S
T
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
was
a
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
d
m
ad
e
o
f
PE
-
HD
b
ec
au
s
e
th
i
s
m
ater
ial
h
ad
s
h
o
wn
a
b
etter
r
esis
tan
ce
ag
ain
s
t
f
lash
o
v
er
d
estru
ctio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
h
ar
d
er
m
ater
ial
at
least
f
o
r
len
g
th
s
u
p
to
1
0
m
m
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
was
f
ix
ed
b
y
a
s
cr
ew
(
m
ater
ial:
PA
6
.
6
with
g
lass
f
ib
er
)
o
n
th
e
b
o
tto
m
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
,
wh
i
ch
was
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
s
tain
less
s
teel.
T
h
e
s
tain
le
s
s
s
t
ee
l h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
was a
r
r
an
g
ed
a
b
o
v
e
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
el
ec
tr
o
d
e
an
d
h
ad
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
a
b
ell
wh
ich
ca
n
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
co
m
p
letel
y
f
o
r
ad
j
u
s
tm
en
t
o
f
th
e
ze
r
o
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
f
o
r
a
g
ap
ex
a
m
p
le
len
g
th
b
etwe
en
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
o
f
3
0
m
m
.
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
th
e
b
ell
to
u
ch
ed
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
A
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
was
estab
lis
h
ed
with
th
e
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
th
at
n
o
g
ap
e
x
is
ts
b
etwe
en
in
s
u
lato
r
an
d
b
ell,
i.e
.
,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
tr
ip
l
e
p
o
in
t
b
u
t
a
tr
ip
l
e
r
in
g
.
T
h
is
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
allo
ws
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
2
D
m
o
d
el
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
te
d
th
at
th
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
in
s
u
lato
r
s
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
f
o
r
m
etals.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
d
iam
eter
was
r
ed
u
c
ed
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
b
y
2
%
[
2
0
]
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
o
ld
o
w
n
.
T
h
e
r
ad
i
u
s
o
f
th
e
b
o
tto
m
to
r
u
s
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
teel
b
ell
was
k
ep
t
at
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
1
5
m
m
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
h
r
in
k
ag
e
o
f
o
n
ly
0
.
3
% [
2
0
]
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
o
u
ter
m
o
s
t d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
cr
y
o
g
en
ic
b
ell
m
o
d
el
is
1
.
3
1
m
m
s
m
aller
th
an
th
e
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
u
ter
m
o
s
t
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
b
ell
with
1
0
1
m
m
in
ca
s
e
o
f
a
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
to
ler
an
ce
o
f
0
.
E
lectr
o
d
es
an
d
i
n
s
u
lato
r
wer
e
in
s
talled
in
th
e
b
at
h
cr
y
o
s
tat.
T
h
e
b
ell
was
f
ix
e
d
o
n
a
tu
b
e
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
m
o
v
ed
i
n
v
e
r
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
b
y
tu
r
n
in
g
a
h
a
n
d
w
h
ee
l.
E
ac
h
tu
r
n
o
f
th
e
h
an
d
wh
ee
l
s
h
if
ted
th
e
b
ell
f
o
r
2
m
m
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
lo
west
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
b
ell
(
C
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
an
d
th
e
p
lan
e
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
D
is
d
esig
n
ated
as
“g
ap
len
g
th
”.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
te
d
th
at
th
e
len
g
th
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
i
p
le
p
o
i
n
t
(
A
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
wh
e
r
e
th
e
r
o
u
n
d
ed
m
etal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
b
ell
to
u
ch
ed
t
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
an
d
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
elec
tr
o
d
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
t
(
B
)
was
1
5
m
m
lo
n
g
er
th
a
n
th
e
g
ap
le
n
g
th
.
Hea
tin
g
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
was
v
er
if
ied
b
y
b
u
b
b
le
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
o
ws
o
f
th
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
web
ca
m
.
Vid
eo
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
was
ad
ju
s
ted
to
a
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
3
2
0
*
2
4
0
an
d
a
r
ate
o
f
1
5
f
r
am
es
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
wh
ee
l
f
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
was
f
ix
ed
in
air
o
n
to
p
o
f
a
cr
y
o
g
en
ic
b
u
s
h
in
g
.
T
h
is
b
u
s
h
in
g
is
m
ad
e
o
f
r
esin
im
p
r
e
g
n
ated
p
ap
er
(
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
:
HSP,
Ger
m
an
y
)
.
T
h
e
b
u
s
h
in
g
h
as
an
o
p
er
atio
n
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
es
o
f
5
5
0
k
V
an
d
was
f
ix
ed
o
n
th
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
lid
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
s
en
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
lev
el
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
s
u
lato
r
b
etwe
e
n
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
“b
ell”
elec
tr
o
d
e
an
d
h
ea
tab
le
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
2
D
B
E
M
m
o
d
el
o
f
b
ell
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
with
in
s
u
lato
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
352
-
3
6
0
354
T
h
e
lig
h
tin
g
im
p
u
ls
e
was
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
Ma
r
x
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
m
ain
ly
b
ased
o
n
elem
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
a
co
m
m
er
cial
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
k
it
(
MWB
,
to
d
ay
:
Pfif
f
n
er
g
r
o
u
p
)
wh
ich
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
a
m
ax
im
u
m
s
tag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
r
ee
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
.
E
n
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
wer
e
d
o
n
e
to
e
x
ten
d
t
h
e
s
etu
p
to
a
4
-
s
tag
e
d
ev
ice
with
t
h
e
tar
g
et
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
w
av
ef
o
r
m
with
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
es
u
p
to
4
8
0
k
V
f
o
r
th
e
lo
ad
Fate
lin
i2
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
i
d
er
.
T
h
e
4
8
0
k
V
lim
it wa
s
s
et
b
y
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
Hilo
-
T
est HVT
3
0
0
R
C
R
.
T
h
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
was
f
illed
with
li
q
u
id
n
itro
g
en
.
T
h
en
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
was
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
0
.
3
MPa
(
ab
s
o
lu
te)
.
Af
ter
waitin
g
f
o
r
a
b
o
u
t
1
h
th
e
f
in
e
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
g
ap
len
g
th
was
d
o
n
e
an
d
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
T
h
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
was
r
em
o
v
e
d
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
wer
e
s
tar
ted
.
Firstl
y
,
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
ch
ec
k
o
f
th
e
Ma
r
x
g
en
er
at
o
r
was
d
o
n
e
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
b
elo
w
1
0
0
k
V.
Nex
t,
im
p
u
ls
es
with
2
0
0
k
V,
3
0
0
k
V
,
an
d
4
0
0
k
V
wer
e
a
p
p
lie
d
.
T
h
ese
4
im
p
u
ls
es
wer
e
s
in
g
le
im
p
u
ls
es
if
n
o
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
h
ap
p
en
ed
.
Fin
ally
,
2
0
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
l
s
es
wer
e
d
o
n
e
with
a
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
4
7
3
k
V
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
k
it
elem
en
ts
d
i
d
n
o
t
allo
w
to
r
ea
c
h
th
e
tar
g
et
v
al
u
e
o
f
4
8
0
k
V.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
waitin
g
in
ter
v
al
b
et
wee
n
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
im
p
u
ls
es
was
s
et
to
3
m
in
in
ca
s
e
o
f
n
o
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
th
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
waitin
g
d
u
r
atio
n
was in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
5
m
in
.
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
izin
g
o
f
web
ca
m
,
h
ea
ter
an
d
s
p
ar
k
g
ap
s
was
in
it
iated
b
y
web
ca
m
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
h
ea
ter
was
m
an
u
ally
s
tar
ted
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
af
ter
b
eg
in
o
f
v
id
e
o
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
an
d
o
p
e
r
ated
f
o
r
1
0
.
1
s
.
T
h
e
s
p
ar
k
g
ap
s
wer
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
1
0
.
0
s
af
ter
s
tar
t
o
f
h
ea
tin
g
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
im
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
licatio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
h
ea
tin
g
d
u
r
atio
n
.
Hea
ter
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
p
o
wer
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
with
an
USB
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
to
v
er
if
y
h
ea
tin
g
d
u
r
atio
n
a
n
d
a
v
er
ag
e
h
ea
ter
p
o
wer
o
f
5
5
0
W
.
Star
tin
g
tim
e
o
f
n
itro
g
en
g
a
s
b
u
b
b
le
ascen
s
io
n
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
v
id
eo
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
wa
s
v
is
u
ally
id
en
tifie
d
.
Vid
e
o
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
was
s
to
p
p
ed
a
b
o
u
t
2
0
s
a
f
ter
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
tr
ig
g
e
r
in
g
.
T
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
was
r
ec
o
n
n
ec
te
d
af
ter
t
h
e
2
0
im
p
u
ls
es
with
4
7
3
k
V
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
i
f
th
e
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
is
s
till
s
u
b
co
o
led
.
T
h
e
g
ap
d
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
test
d
ay
was
alr
ea
d
y
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
x
t
p
la
n
n
ed
d
is
tan
ce
v
alu
e
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
in
im
ize
len
g
th
ch
an
g
es
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
n
ex
t
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
er
ies.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
was
s
till
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
f
in
e
tu
n
e
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
er
ies
o
n
an
o
th
er
d
ay
.
F
in
ally
,
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
was r
elea
s
ed
to
allo
w
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
as we
ll a
s
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
f
illi
n
g
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
n
ex
t
test
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
is
n
o
t
lim
ited
f
o
r
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
with
s
elf
-
h
ea
lin
g
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
as
lo
n
g
as
n
o
r
elev
a
n
t
d
e
g
r
ad
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
cc
u
r
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
ast
d
eg
r
a
d
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
f
lash
o
v
er
s
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
to
liq
u
id
n
itr
o
g
en
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ex
clu
d
ed
th
at
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
d
a
m
ag
e
m
ay
also
h
ap
p
en
d
u
e
to
n
ea
r
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
with
o
u
t
d
ir
ec
t
t
o
u
ch
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
s
u
lat
o
r
b
y
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
c
h
an
n
el.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
test
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
o
r
g
a
n
ized
in
a
way
to
o
b
tain
a
lo
w
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
.
Hen
c
e,
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
s
tar
ted
with
a
lar
g
e
g
a
p
o
f
5
0
m
m
wh
er
e
a
lo
w
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
was
ex
p
ec
ted
.
T
h
en
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
was
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
o
r
1
0
m
m
i
f
n
o
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
h
ap
p
e
n
ed
.
B
o
th
p
o
la
r
ities
wer
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
a
p
o
lar
ity
e
f
f
ec
t.
I
n
ca
s
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
h
ap
p
e
n
e
d
,
it
was
th
e
aim
to
f
in
d
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
g
ap
le
n
g
th
s
at
wh
ich
n
o
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
h
ap
p
e
n
ed
f
o
r
all
2
0
im
p
u
ls
es
at
4
7
3
k
V
an
d
a
g
ap
len
g
th
2
m
m
lo
wer
,
wh
er
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
h
o
r
test
g
ap
len
g
th
at
wh
ich
n
o
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
h
a
p
p
en
e
d
was
th
an
ass
ig
n
ed
as
“with
s
tan
d
g
ap
len
g
th
”
f
o
r
th
e
test
v
o
lt
ag
e
o
f
4
7
3
k
V
u
n
d
er
th
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
m
en
tio
n
e
d
b
ef
o
r
e
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
“
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
g
a
p
le
n
g
th
”
f
o
r
4
7
3
k
V
was 2
m
m
s
h
o
r
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ass
em
b
ly
o
f
in
s
er
t
with
b
ell
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
in
th
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
r
y
o
s
tat
with
b
u
s
h
in
g
,
d
iv
id
e
r
(
o
r
an
g
e
c
o
lo
r
,
r
ig
h
t
f
r
o
m
cr
y
o
s
tat,
p
ar
tly
h
id
d
en
b
y
t
h
e
cr
y
o
s
tat)
,
an
d
Ma
r
x
g
en
er
ato
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
4
7
3
kV
lig
h
tn
in
g
imp
u
ls
e
test
o
f a
n
in
s
u
la
t
o
r
emb
ed
d
ed
in
p
r
ess
u
r
iz
ed
a
n
d
h
ea
te
d
…
(
S
tef
a
n
F
in
k
)
355
T
h
e
r
is
e
tim
e
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
e
r
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
lier
as
6
0
n
s
.
I
n
m
o
s
t
ca
s
es
an
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
T
ek
tr
o
n
ix
T
DS
3
0
1
2
C
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
n
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
ca
b
le
ter
m
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
USB
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
T
iePie
HS5
-
5
3
0
XM
S
allo
wed
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
m
o
r
e
s
am
p
les
b
u
t
it
was
s
lo
wer
to
h
an
d
le.
T
h
e
im
p
u
ls
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
a
n
aly
s
is
was
d
o
n
e
m
an
u
ally
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
with
d
r
awn
s
tan
d
ar
d
I
E
C
6
0
0
6
0
-
1
: 1
9
8
9
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
w
a
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
s
t
o
l
e
r
a
b
l
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
d
i
d
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
o
v
e
r
s
h
o
o
t
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
im
p
u
ls
e
d
i
d
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
th
e
tar
g
et
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
4
8
0
k
V
b
u
t
o
n
ly
4
7
3
k
V
±
3
k
V.
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
tim
e
was
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
u
p
p
er
lim
it
o
f
th
e
to
le
r
an
ce
f
o
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
lig
h
tin
g
im
p
u
ls
es
an
d
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
lim
it
o
f
1
.
5
6
µs
in
ab
o
u
t
1
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
u
ls
es.
Hen
ce
s
o
m
e
test
s
wer
e
n
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
es
b
u
t
o
n
ly
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
es.
T
h
e
tim
e
to
h
alf
v
alu
e
was
5
0
µs
±
2
µs
,
wh
ich
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
f
o
r
s
tan
d
a
r
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e.
A
m
ax
im
u
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
7
8
.
7
K
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
n
ea
r
th
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
in
n
er
wall
at
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
late
af
ter
r
ec
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
Pt1
0
0
s
en
s
o
r
s
af
ter
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
.
T
h
is
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
alu
e
is
well
b
elo
w
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
8
K
f
o
r
a
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
0
.
3
MPa
[
2
2
]
.
Hen
ce
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
e
n
o
t
h
ea
ted
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
was su
b
co
o
led
d
u
r
in
g
all
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
5
0
Hz
h
ea
ter
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
it
tak
es
ab
o
u
t
5
cy
cles
af
ter
s
witch
o
n
u
n
til
th
e
f
in
al
s
in
u
s
s
h
ap
e
was
r
ea
ch
ed
.
Ma
n
u
al
s
witch
o
n
o
f
th
e
h
ea
ter
ca
u
s
ed
s
o
m
etim
es
a
d
elay
u
p
to
1
s
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
v
id
eo
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
tim
e.
T
r
an
s
ie
n
t
b
o
ilin
g
d
u
e
to
h
ea
ter
o
p
e
r
atio
n
was
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
v
id
e
o
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
f
o
r
all
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
.
Hea
ter
p
o
wer
o
f
5
5
0
W
±
1
0
W
was
v
er
if
ied
.
Nu
clea
te
b
o
ilin
g
d
id
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
im
m
ed
iately
with
s
tar
tin
g
th
e
h
ea
ter
.
I
n
s
tead
,
n
u
clea
te
b
o
ilin
g
r
etar
d
atio
n
o
c
cu
r
r
ed
with
th
e
lar
g
est
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
b
u
b
b
les
u
s
u
ally
b
r
id
g
in
g
n
itro
g
en
f
lu
id
s
p
ac
e
b
etwe
en
p
late
an
d
b
ell.
T
h
is
h
ap
p
en
ed
r
an
d
o
m
ly
a
b
o
u
t
1
s
u
p
to
2
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
im
p
u
ls
e.
T
h
en
b
o
ilin
g
co
n
tin
u
e
d
with
lo
wer
b
u
b
b
le
in
ten
s
ity
an
d
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
ed
g
r
ad
u
ally
s
ev
er
al
s
ec
o
n
d
s
af
ter
s
to
p
p
in
g
th
e
h
ea
ter
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
etu
p
an
d
u
n
d
er
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
m
en
tio
n
e
d
ab
o
v
e
d
eliv
er
ed
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
+
4
7
3
k
V
f
o
r
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
g
a
p
l
en
g
th
b
etwe
en
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
o
f
1
6
m
m
.
T
h
e
with
s
tan
d
g
ap
le
n
g
th
f
o
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
+4
7
3
k
V
was
1
8
m
m
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
p
o
la
r
ity
,
th
e
with
s
tan
d
g
ap
len
g
th
f
o
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
-
4
7
3
k
V
was
3
0
m
m
.
Fo
r
th
e
g
ap
len
g
th
o
f
2
8
m
m
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
h
ap
p
e
n
ed
alr
ea
d
y
at
-
4
0
0
k
V
a
n
d
d
am
a
g
ed
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
.
A
f
u
r
th
e
r
i
m
p
u
ls
e
test
at
-
4
0
0
k
V
with
t
h
e
s
am
e
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
2
8
m
m
ca
u
s
ed
a
d
estru
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
.
No
f
u
r
th
e
r
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
was
ap
p
lied
t
o
th
e
d
am
ag
ed
s
etu
p
.
T
est
s
eq
u
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
wh
er
e
b
lack
ico
n
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
ca
s
e
o
f
2
0
im
p
u
ls
es
o
f
±
4
7
3
k
V
with
n
o
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
.
R
ed
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
ca
s
e
o
f
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
.
1
/
2
0
ab
o
v
e
an
ico
n
m
ea
n
s
th
at
f
o
r
th
is
s
er
ies ex
ac
tly
1
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
2
0
im
p
u
ls
es
with
±
4
7
3
k
V.
(
x
)
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
is
s
in
g
le
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
f
o
r
im
p
u
ls
e
n
u
m
b
er
x
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
2
0
i
m
p
u
ls
es.
2
/0
m
ea
n
s
th
at
2
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
h
ap
p
e
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
-
4
7
3
k
V.
W
h
ite
an
d
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
em
is
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
f
o
r
f
ew
s
ec
o
n
d
s
af
ter
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
o
n
ly
.
A
u
n
iq
u
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
was
th
e
m
is
s
in
g
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
5
0
W
L
E
D
s
p
o
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
is
s
p
o
t
h
ad
u
s
u
ally
illu
m
in
ated
th
e
in
ter
io
r
o
f
th
e
cr
y
o
s
t
at.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
i
s
s
p
o
t
f
ailed
d
u
e
to
a
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e,
th
e
v
id
eo
f
r
am
e
is
d
ar
k
er
th
an
with
L
E
D
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
lig
h
t
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
was
m
ain
ly
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
a
f
ter
th
e
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
(
b
esid
es
m
in
o
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
ca
b
in
)
.
T
h
e
r
ed
p
o
in
t
b
elo
w
th
e
p
late
was
th
e
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
h
ea
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
h
ap
p
en
e
d
b
ef
o
r
e
s
to
p
o
f
h
ea
t
in
g
.
On
e
ca
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
s
o
m
e
b
o
ilin
g
ac
tiv
ity
esp
ec
ially
o
n
th
e
r
ig
h
t
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
d
ir
ec
tly
ab
o
v
e
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
late
as
well
as
b
o
ilin
g
o
n
th
e
lef
t
s
id
e
b
etwe
en
p
late
an
d
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
to
r
u
s
s
h
ap
ed
en
d
o
f
th
e
b
ell.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
ca
lcu
latio
n
was
d
o
n
e
with
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
elem
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
csp
[
2
3
]
.
A
2
D
m
o
d
el
was
es
tab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
with
s
tan
d
g
ap
len
g
t
h
o
f
3
0
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
v
alu
es
a
lo
n
g
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
b
etwe
en
PE
in
s
u
lato
r
r
o
d
a
n
d
liq
u
i
d
n
itr
o
g
en
(
B
to
A)
an
d
th
e
f
ield
with
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
v
s
.
th
e
v
er
tical
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
p
late
(
D
to
C
)
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
was
n
o
t
ex
p
ec
ted
to
ex
is
t
at
th
e
lo
wer
m
o
s
t
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
to
r
u
s
(
C
)
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lar
g
e
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
p
late
an
d
th
e
cr
y
o
s
tat
wall.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ield
alo
n
g
th
e
b
o
tto
m
h
alf
o
f
t
h
e
b
ell
to
r
u
s
was a
d
d
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws th
e
e
lectr
ic
f
ield
alo
n
g
t
h
is
h
alf
cir
cle
(
A
–
C
–
F).
An
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
7
.
5
k
V/m
m
was
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
th
e
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
n
ea
r
th
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
t
(
A)
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
with
in
th
e
liq
u
i
d
n
itro
g
en
n
ea
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
t
(
B
)
was
ca
lcu
lated
as
1
3
k
V/m
m
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
is
also
ca
lcu
lated
n
ea
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
late
lo
ca
tio
n
b
elo
w
th
e
lo
west
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
to
r
u
s
(
D)
.
T
h
e
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
n
ea
r
th
e
lo
west
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
to
r
u
s
(
p
o
s
itio
n
C
,
an
g
le
2
7
0
°)
was
ca
lcu
lated
as 2
5
k
V/m
m
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est f
ield
v
alu
e
o
f
2
6
k
V/m
m
was f
o
u
n
d
o
n
th
e
to
r
u
s
f
o
r
a
n
an
g
le
o
f
2
9
8
°.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
352
-
3
6
0
356
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Gap
len
g
th
v
s
.
test
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
e
r
f
o
r
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
test
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
View
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
cir
cu
lar
cr
y
o
s
tat
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
win
d
o
w
with
o
u
t e
x
te
r
n
al
L
E
D
illu
m
in
atio
n
:
T
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
em
itted
wh
ite
an
d
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t a
f
ter
d
is
r
u
p
tiv
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
with
-
4
7
4
.
5
k
V
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
v
s
.
d
is
t
an
ce
z
f
r
o
m
p
late
alo
n
g
th
e
i
n
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
B
A)
an
d
with
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
(
DC
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
lectr
ic
f
ield
v
s
.
an
g
le
alo
n
g
th
e
l
o
wer
h
alf
o
f
th
e
to
r
u
s
o
f
th
e
b
ell
s
tar
tin
g
with
1
8
0
° f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
t A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
4
7
3
kV
lig
h
tn
in
g
imp
u
ls
e
test
o
f a
n
in
s
u
la
t
o
r
emb
ed
d
ed
in
p
r
ess
u
r
iz
ed
a
n
d
h
ea
te
d
…
(
S
tef
a
n
F
in
k
)
357
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
t
o
a
4
-
s
tag
e
Ma
r
x
g
en
er
ato
r
allo
wed
3
0
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
test
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
3
6
5
k
V
f
o
r
th
e
MWB
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
k
it
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
v
alu
e
o
f
4
8
0
k
V
f
ailed
b
y
1
.
5
%.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
i
s
co
m
p
lies
f
o
r
th
e
3
%
to
ler
a
n
ce
f
o
r
th
e
test
v
o
ltag
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
th
is
is
n
o
t
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
way
o
n
e
s
h
o
u
ld
r
ea
s
o
n
.
Su
itab
le
lo
wer
d
am
p
in
g
r
esis
to
r
s
wo
u
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
tim
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
o
th
er
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
lab
wo
u
ld
h
a
v
e
ca
u
s
ed
lar
g
er
d
ev
iatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
tim
e
v
alu
e
o
f
1
.
2
µs
o
r
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
tr
an
s
ien
t
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
in
th
e
Ma
r
x
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
f
ield
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
f
ield
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
th
e
to
r
u
s
f
ar
awa
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
i
n
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
ts
ca
n
s
till
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
wea
k
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
esp
ec
ially
in
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
id
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
i
n
t
wh
er
e
n
o
r
elief
ex
is
ted
an
d
b
u
b
b
le
d
en
s
ity
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
h
ea
ter
was
h
ig
h
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
p
ar
k
o
v
er
with
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
as we
ll a
s
f
lash
o
v
er
alo
n
g
th
e
s
o
lid
i
n
s
u
lato
r
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Hig
h
est
v
alu
es
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
g
a
p
len
g
th
a
n
d
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
lta
g
e
lis
ted
with
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
f
o
r
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
[
1
8
]
was
ac
h
iev
ed
i
n
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
[
2
5
]
,
th
e
lar
g
est
g
a
p
len
g
th
is
1
5
m
m
f
o
r
a
s
p
h
er
e
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
at
0
.
1
MPa
(
ab
s
o
lu
te)
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
lta
g
e
is
g
iv
en
as
ab
o
u
t
475
k
V.
On
ly
v
alu
es
f
o
r
n
eg
a
tiv
e
p
o
lar
ity
wer
e
r
e
p
o
r
ted
.
T
wo
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ex
a
m
p
les
wer
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
d
etail
with
th
e
l
o
west
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
ca
lcu
l
ated
as
3
5
k
V/m
m
,
wh
ich
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
th
e
r
esu
lt
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
Fatelin
i2
,
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
was
lo
wer
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
2
5
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
[
2
5
]
,
n
o
h
ea
ter
was
u
s
ed
.
Av
er
ag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
es
b
etwe
en
2
5
5
k
V
an
d
4
2
5
k
V
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
u
p
to
5
0
%
h
ig
h
er
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
es
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
lar
ity
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
eg
ativ
e
p
o
lar
ity
i
n
[
2
6
]
f
o
r
lig
h
tn
i
n
g
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
with
s
tain
le
s
s
s
te
el
s
p
h
er
e
to
s
p
h
e
r
e
an
d
s
p
h
er
e
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
s
u
p
to
8
m
m
d
is
tan
ce
.
Pre
s
s
u
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
p
h
er
e
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
ca
u
s
es in
u
n
if
o
r
m
o
r
wea
k
ly
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
ield
s
u
s
u
ally
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
liq
u
id
n
itr
o
g
en
at
lea
s
t
u
p
to
0
.
5
MPa
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
e.
g
.
,
in
[
1
2
]
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
ab
o
u
t
2
0
%
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
a
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
MPa
to
0
.
3
MPa.
Du
e
to
th
e
d
estru
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
Fatelin
i2
,
it
was
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ad
d
a
test
s
er
ies
at
0
.
1
MPa
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
I
n
c
r
ea
s
e
o
f
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
r
d
ec
r
e
ase
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ca
n
lead
to
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
ield
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Su
ch
a
b
eh
av
io
r
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
u
n
ex
p
ec
te
d
b
u
t
is
well
k
n
o
w
n
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
air
g
a
p
s
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
n
th
e
b
ell
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
o
f
Fatelin
i2
is
o
n
ly
wea
k
ly
n
o
n
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
o
r
th
e
ex
am
in
ed
g
ap
len
g
th
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
u
ch
a
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
is
n
o
t
ex
p
ec
ted
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
with
h
ea
ter
an
d
u
n
if
o
r
m
o
r
wea
k
l
y
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
ield
(
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
2
7
]
)
p
o
lar
ity
ef
f
ec
t
was
l
o
w
o
r
was
r
ed
u
ce
d
af
ter
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
e.
Scalin
g
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
well
k
n
o
w
n
f
o
r
AC
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
v
alu
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
u
t
also
e.
g
.
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
“h
ig
h
f
ield
”
v
o
l
u
m
e.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
wh
at
t
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
“h
ig
h
”
m
ea
n
s
is
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
[
2
9
]
wh
ich
m
ak
es
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
licated
.
Fo
r
i
m
p
u
ls
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
c
h
ef
f
ec
ts
also
ex
is
t
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
al
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
with
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
with
o
u
t
in
s
u
lato
r
“m
a
n
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
g
ap
d
is
tan
ce
,
v
o
ltag
e
p
o
lar
ity
,
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
a
n
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iz
atio
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
h
ar
d
ly
p
r
e
d
ictab
le
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
e”
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
f
lash
o
v
er
s
alo
n
g
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
it
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
alu
es a
r
e
lo
wer
o
r
i
n
th
e
b
est ca
s
e
as h
ig
h
as with
o
u
t in
s
u
lato
r
.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
f
lash
o
v
er
s
,
lig
h
t
n
in
g
test
s
with
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
a
r
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
0
]
f
o
r
f
l
at
s
am
p
les
with
f
ib
er
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
p
last
ic
in
s
u
lato
r
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
p
lan
e
to
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
cir
cle
etc
h
e
d
co
p
p
er
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
etu
p
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e
5
%
W
eib
u
l
l
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
was
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
b
e
b
elo
w
2
5
0
k
V
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
p
o
la
r
ities
f
o
r
a
d
is
tan
ce
u
p
to
1
2
0
m
m
.
L
o
wer
f
lash
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
es
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
lar
ity
.
T
h
e
lo
w
d
ie
lectr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
e
d
m
ain
ly
b
y
th
e
s
h
ar
p
ed
g
es o
f
th
e
etch
e
d
elec
tr
o
d
es.
Flas
h
o
v
er
s
etu
p
with
tr
ian
g
le
to
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
with
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
o
n
PTFE
o
r
PA
s
u
r
f
ac
e
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
3
1
]
.
Dielec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
lar
ity
w
as
h
ig
h
er
th
an
f
o
r
n
e
g
ativ
e
p
o
lar
ity
f
o
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
in
th
e
o
p
en
cr
y
o
s
tat
f
o
r
g
ap
s
lo
n
g
er
th
an
1
0
m
m
.
T
h
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
tr
en
g
th
f
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
o
lar
ity
an
d
2
0
m
m
g
a
p
was h
ig
h
er
th
an
f
o
r
3
0
m
m
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
p
o
lar
ity
.
L
ig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
f
o
r
PMM
A
cy
lin
d
er
s
(
h
eig
h
t:
5
m
m
,
d
iam
eter
:
4
0
m
m
)
with
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
an
d
b
etwe
en
p
late
e
lectr
o
d
es
in
an
o
p
e
n
cr
y
o
s
tat
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
3
2
]
.
Flas
h
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
e
was
1
0
0
k
V
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
o
lar
ities
,
i.e
.
n
o
p
o
lar
ity
ef
f
ec
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
.
L
ig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
f
o
r
PE
cy
lin
d
er
s
(
d
iam
eter
:
4
0
m
m
,
m
ax
im
u
m
h
eig
h
t
6
m
m
o
r
1
0
m
m
)
with
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
an
d
b
etwe
en
p
late
elec
tr
o
d
es
in
an
o
p
en
c
r
y
o
s
tat
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
[
1
9
]
.
T
wo
s
im
ilar
s
etu
p
s
b
u
t w
ith
d
if
f
er
e
n
t e
d
g
e
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
m
aller
to
p
p
late
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
m
ater
ial
(
zin
ce
d
ir
o
n
a
n
d
s
tain
less
s
teel)
r
esu
lted
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
esu
lts
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
p
o
lar
ity
ef
f
ec
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
p
o
lar
ity
e
f
f
ec
t w
it
h
o
u
t h
ea
ter
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
e
d
in
ca
s
e
o
f
h
ea
tin
g
.
Su
m
m
ar
izin
g
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
al
r
esu
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
p
o
lar
ity
e
f
f
ec
ts
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
etu
p
s
an
d
o
n
e
ch
a
n
g
e
e.
g
.
b
y
h
ea
tin
g
o
r
m
in
o
r
s
h
ap
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
d
esig
n
o
f
a
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
lo
n
g
g
a
p
test
d
ev
ice
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
n
o
t
o
n
ly
test
in
g
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
b
u
t
also
in
ca
s
e
o
f
test
in
g
s
o
lid
in
s
u
lato
r
f
lash
o
v
er
s
etu
p
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
352
-
3
6
0
358
T
h
e
d
estru
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
u
la
to
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
f
lash
o
v
e
r
s
h
ap
p
en
ed
alth
o
u
g
h
it
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ex
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
d
estru
ctio
n
i
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
ea
r
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
i
n
liq
u
id
n
itr
o
g
en
o
r
th
at
th
e
d
i
s
r
u
p
tiv
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
wer
e
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es
s
p
ar
k
o
v
er
s
in
th
e
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
s
p
ac
e
an
d
in
o
th
er
ca
s
es
f
lash
o
v
er
s
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
R
ib
s
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
lig
h
tin
g
im
p
u
ls
e
f
lash
o
v
er
v
o
ltag
e.
D
if
f
er
en
t
PTFE
in
s
u
lato
r
s
with
a
h
eig
h
t
o
f
1
5
m
m
wer
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
en
an
d
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
AC
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
b
est
r
ib
s
h
ap
ed
in
s
u
lato
r
ac
h
iev
es
a
f
lash
o
v
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
1
3
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
f
lat
in
s
u
lato
r
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
r
ib
in
f
lu
en
ce
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
test
ed
in
Fatelin
i2
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
n
o
t
co
m
p
atib
le
with
th
e
g
ap
len
g
th
v
ar
iatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
d
u
e
to
d
estru
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
it
was
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ad
d
AC
te
s
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ield
v
alu
es f
o
r
liq
u
id
n
itro
g
e
n
alo
n
g
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
d
id
n
o
t e
x
ce
e
d
3
.
4
k
V/m
m
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
[
1
1
]
,
wh
ich
is
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
v
alu
es
at
r
elev
a
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
f
o
r
Fatelin
i2
with
at
least
7
.
5
k
V/m
m
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
E
BA
o
u
ts
id
e
in
s
u
lato
r
n
ea
r
A)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
was
h
ea
ter
d
u
r
atio
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
a
n
d
d
id
n
e
v
er
m
ee
t th
e
r
an
d
o
m
b
u
b
b
le
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
m
ax
im
u
m
wh
ich
m
ay
r
esu
lt in
a
lo
wer
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
e.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
2
2
0
lig
h
t
n
in
g
im
p
u
ls
es
o
f
±
4
7
3
k
V
wer
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
th
e
b
ell
to
p
lan
e
s
etu
p
with
th
e
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
Ma
r
x
-
g
en
er
ato
r
b
ef
o
r
e
d
am
a
g
in
g
t
h
e
PE
in
s
u
lato
r
.
W
ith
s
tan
d
g
ap
len
g
th
was
6
7
%
lar
g
e
r
f
o
r
n
e
g
ativ
e
p
o
lar
ity
.
T
h
e
d
am
ag
e
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
lato
r
b
y
v
o
ltag
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
n
u
m
b
er
4
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
test
m
eth
o
d
o
f
s
tar
tin
g
with
lar
g
e
g
ap
s
an
d
a
lo
w
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
ests
.
Up
an
d
d
o
w
n
m
eth
o
d
s
wh
ich
ca
u
s
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
wo
u
l
d
lead
to
an
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
ex
p
er
im
en
t
d
u
r
atio
n
d
u
e
to
s
am
p
le
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
o
r
to
lo
w
test
n
u
m
b
er
s
.
Prio
r
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
an
d
test
s
o
f
o
th
e
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
d
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
e
b
r
e
ak
d
o
w
n
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
b
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
c
h
an
g
es
o
f
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
p
a
r
am
et
er
s
lik
e
g
ap
len
g
th
,
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
h
ig
h
f
iel
d
v
o
lu
m
e,
an
d
h
ea
tin
g
alr
ea
d
y
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
a
s
p
ar
k
o
v
er
with
in
liq
u
i
d
n
itr
o
g
en
with
o
u
t
in
s
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
s
o
lid
in
s
u
lato
r
to
g
eth
er
with
a
m
is
s
in
g
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
r
elief
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
late
s
id
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
t
h
e
s
itu
atio
n
.
A
f
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
7
.
5
k
V/m
m
was
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
liq
u
id
n
itr
o
g
en
n
ea
r
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
tr
ip
le
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
th
e
with
s
tan
d
g
ap
len
g
th
o
f
3
0
m
m
in
ca
s
e
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
b
ell
p
o
lar
ity
an
d
b
u
b
b
le
g
e
n
er
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
o
r
th
e
3
8
0
k
V
SF
C
L
an
d
ca
u
s
es
n
o
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
d
esig
n
r
ev
is
io
n
f
o
r
its
s
u
p
p
o
r
t in
s
u
lato
r
s
ec
tio
n
.
Pu
b
lis
h
ed
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata
a
b
o
v
e
4
7
3
k
V
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
e
test
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
o
lar
ities
with
in
s
u
lato
r
with
in
p
r
ess
u
r
ized
s
u
b
co
o
le
d
li
q
u
id
n
itro
g
en
d
o
es
s
till
h
ar
d
ly
e
x
is
t.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
ten
tativ
ely
u
s
ed
as
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
te
s
t
s
etu
p
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
e
r
s
p
ar
k
o
v
er
an
d
f
lash
o
v
er
v
o
lta
g
es.
An
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ete
cted
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
lar
ity
ef
f
ec
t
w
h
ich
is
r
ev
er
s
ed
to
th
e
o
n
e
in
air
is
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
u
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
air
len
g
th
an
d
ap
p
ly
lig
h
tn
in
g
im
p
u
ls
es
o
n
ly
with
n
eg
ativ
e
p
o
la
r
ity
in
ca
s
e
o
f
la
b
lim
itatio
n
s
.
I
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
ch
ec
k
ed
b
y
f
u
r
th
e
r
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
if
th
e
3
8
0
k
V
SF
C
L
d
esig
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
s
af
ety
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
b
ell
to
h
ea
tab
le
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
with
a
n
ew
PE
in
s
u
lato
r
is
f
o
r
eseen
f
o
r
AC
with
s
tan
d
test
in
g
with
Fatelin
i2
as th
e
n
ex
t c
r
y
o
g
en
ic
e
x
p
er
im
en
t.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
Ger
m
an
Fed
er
al
Min
is
t
ry
f
o
r
E
co
n
o
m
ic
Af
f
air
s
an
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
r
an
t n
u
m
b
er
0
3
E
I
6
1
2
8
A
f
o
r
t
h
e
jo
in
t p
r
o
ject
“CUR
L
3
8
0
”
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT
)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
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m
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f
Aut
ho
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Fo
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Vi
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P
Fu
Stef
an
Fin
k
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Sv
en
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au
ten
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ac
k
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Vo
lk
er
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wec
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C
:
C
o
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p
t
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a
l
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a
t
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:
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So
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So
f
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Va
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Va
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-
8
7
9
2
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kV
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h
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imp
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ls
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test
o
f a
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in
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359
CO
NF
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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L
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Der
iv
ed
d
ata
s
u
p
p
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f
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in
g
s
o
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e
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ailab
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f
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th
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co
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o
n
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est.
RE
F
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v
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[
2
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Z.
Esma
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,
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3
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.
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4
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[
5
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[
6
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[
7
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8
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3
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[
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4
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[
1
5
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W
.
Z
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.
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[
1
6
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.
C
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[
1
7
]
R
.
C
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h
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B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
te
fa
n
F
in
k
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
t
In
stit
u
te
fo
r
Tec
h
n
ica
l
P
h
y
sic
s
o
f
Ka
rlsru
h
e
In
st
it
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
KI
T
),
G
e
rm
a
n
y
,
si
n
c
e
1
9
9
5
.
He
is
a
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
a
t
t
h
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Cry
o
g
e
n
ic
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Lab
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
.
fr
o
m
th
e
U
n
iv
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rsit
y
o
f
Ka
rlsru
h
e
,
G
e
rm
a
n
y
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
d
irec
ti
o
n
s
i
n
c
lu
d
e
c
ry
o
g
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h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
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n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fo
r
fu
sio
n
m
a
g
n
e
ts
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
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n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
d
e
v
ice
s
.
He
h
a
s
p
e
rf
o
rm
e
d
a
n
d
su
p
e
rv
ise
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
tran
sie
n
t
lo
w
v
o
lt
a
g
e
tes
ts o
n
IT
ER
TF
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
il
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
fin
k
@
k
it
.
e
d
u
.
S
v
e
n
La
u
te
n
s
a
c
k
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
rk
i
n
g
a
t
th
e
Cry
o
g
e
n
ic
Hig
h
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Lab
o
f
t
h
e
In
stit
u
te
fo
r
Tec
h
n
ica
l
P
h
y
sic
s
o
f
Ka
rlsru
h
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
KIT
),
G
e
rm
a
n
y
.
He
h
a
s
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
p
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
in
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
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n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
c
ra
ft
fro
m
th
e
Ch
a
m
b
e
r
o
f
Cra
fts
Ka
rlsru
h
e
.
His
m
a
in
in
tere
st
is
m
icro
stru
c
tu
re
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
stre
ss
e
d
ste
e
l
m
a
teria
ls
fo
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fu
si
o
n
re
a
c
to
r
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ri
n
g
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n
d
h
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g
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v
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lt
a
g
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tes
ti
n
g
fo
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n
ic
p
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we
r
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n
g
i
n
e
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rin
g
d
e
v
ice
s
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sv
e
n
.
lau
te
n
sa
c
k
@k
it
.
e
d
u
.
Vo
lk
e
r
Zwe
c
k
e
r
is
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
t
th
e
Cr
y
o
g
e
n
ic
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
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L
a
b
o
f
t
h
e
In
st
it
u
te
fo
r
Tec
h
n
ica
l
P
h
y
sic
s
o
f
Ka
rlsru
h
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
KIT
)
,
G
e
rm
a
n
y
.
He
h
a
s
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
p
r
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fe
ss
io
n
a
l
in
t
h
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
C
ra
ft
fr
o
m
th
e
Ch
a
m
b
e
r
o
f
Cra
fts
Ka
rlsru
h
e
.
He
m
a
d
e
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
c
u
rre
n
t
tes
ts
o
n
larg
e
f
u
sio
n
m
a
g
n
e
ts
(LCT
,
P
o
lo
,
ITE
R
TF
M
C)
.
H
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
e
d
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
fo
r
larg
e
f
u
sio
n
m
a
g
n
e
ts
a
n
d
c
ry
o
g
e
n
ic
p
o
we
r
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
v
o
lk
e
r.
z
we
c
k
e
r@k
it
.
e
d
u
.
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