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su
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s p
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d
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rg
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K
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s
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PMSG
PV
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an
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W
ater
p
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W
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C
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s
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c
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a
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u
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d
e
r th
e
CC B
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C
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s
p
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A
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:
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Kan
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k
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Dep
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E
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E
k
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a
Un
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Dam
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d
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m
ail: m
u
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a.
s
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a@
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
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y
tech
n
o
lo
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e
b
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m
e
ess
en
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i
n
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lv
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b
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Am
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to
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ca
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b
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m
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s
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[
1
]
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[
2
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T
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in
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[
3
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4
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W
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b
in
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[
5
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[
6
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Per
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m
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ab
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to
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p
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with
o
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ex
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ex
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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-
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142
s
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7
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[
8
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[
9
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[
1
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PMSGs
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p
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p
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r
f
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itio
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[
1
1
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Ho
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ased
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ar
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d
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s
[
1
2
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.
R
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s
h
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ex
p
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ed
v
a
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u
s
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tr
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tr
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to
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th
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ex
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ac
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an
d
en
s
u
r
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s
y
s
tem
s
tab
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y
[
1
3
]
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T
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iq
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is
cr
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tim
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ir
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1
4
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s
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5
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an
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MPC
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f
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f
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im
p
r
o
v
in
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s
tem
r
esp
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s
e
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
e
n
er
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y
s
to
r
ag
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s
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atter
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to
W
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an
o
th
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cr
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[
1
7
]
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Pro
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e
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r
,
l
o
ad
,
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
its
en
s
u
r
es
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
B
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
lik
e
SEPI
C
-
Z
eta
p
lay
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
m
an
a
g
in
g
p
o
wer
f
l
o
ws
b
e
twee
n
th
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
,
b
atter
y
,
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
[
2
0
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
ef
f
icien
t
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
u
s
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
lik
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
e
n
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S
)
,
an
d
AI
-
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
a
v
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
en
h
an
cin
g
m
icr
o
g
r
id
r
esil
ien
c
e
an
d
lo
a
d
-
f
o
llo
win
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
1
]
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
t
h
er
e
r
em
ain
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
a
p
s
in
th
e
s
ea
m
less
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
t
r
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
,
b
atter
y
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
B
E
SS
)
,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
a
u
n
if
ied
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
wate
r
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
m
o
s
t
p
r
io
r
wo
r
k
s
lack
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
d
y
n
am
ic
win
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
f
u
lly
ex
p
lo
it
h
y
b
r
id
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es
to
m
an
ag
e
b
o
th
e
n
er
g
y
ca
p
tu
r
e
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
in
teg
r
ated
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
in
g
an
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
SEPI
C
-
Z
eta
co
n
v
e
r
ter
a
n
d
a
b
atter
y
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
(
B
E
SS
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
tar
g
ets
a
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
:
r
eliab
le
wate
r
p
u
m
p
in
g
u
s
in
g
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
wh
i
le
en
s
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
o
p
tim
ize
d
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
win
d
p
r
o
f
iles
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ar
e:
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e.
Desig
n
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
p
o
wer
-
s
h
ar
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
b
etwe
en
th
e
PMSG,
b
atter
y
,
an
d
wate
r
p
u
m
p
.
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
B
E
SS
to
m
an
ag
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Simu
latio
n
-
b
ased
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
,
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
lo
a
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t u
n
d
er
f
lu
ct
u
atin
g
wi
n
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Sectio
n
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Sectio
n
4
d
i
s
cu
s
s
es
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
Sectio
n
5
co
n
cl
u
d
es
th
e
p
ap
er
with
k
e
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
th
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
in
th
is
p
ap
er
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
a
d
v
an
ce
d
r
esear
ch
in
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l,
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
d
esig
n
,
an
d
g
r
i
d
s
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ey
m
a
y
also
co
m
e
in
h
a
n
d
y
in
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
er
e
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
is
in
teg
r
ated
with
s
o
lar
o
r
b
atte
r
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
o
p
en
in
g
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
s
m
ar
ter
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
en
er
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
2.
SYST
E
M
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
PMSG
-
b
ased
win
d
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
in
t
eg
r
ated
with
in
tellig
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
d
r
iv
es
a
PMSG,
wh
o
s
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
r
e
g
u
lated
b
y
a
m
ac
h
in
e
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
to
ex
tr
ac
t
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
r
eg
u
lated
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
s
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
o
to
r
p
u
m
p
in
v
er
ter
.
A
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
SEPI
C
-
Z
eta
co
n
v
er
ter
,
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
an
ANN
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
m
an
ag
es
b
a
tter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
b
ased
o
n
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
.
Pu
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M
)
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
co
n
tr
o
l
all
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
in
v
e
r
ter
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w
an
d
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
d
etailed
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
PMSG
-
b
ased
W
E
C
S
in
teg
r
ated
with
in
tellig
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
an
d
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
clu
d
es
a
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
a
ck
co
n
v
e
r
ter
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
-
s
id
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
r
eg
u
lates
th
e
PMSG
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
m
ain
tain
s
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e.
An
A
NFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
ca
p
tu
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
y
in
g
win
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
es
w
in
d
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
as
in
p
u
ts
to
g
en
er
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
a
ls
f
o
r
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
-
s
id
e
PW
M
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
is
in
tellig
en
t
m
eth
o
d
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
MP
PT
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
lik
e
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
(
P&
O)
a
n
d
in
c
r
em
en
tal
c
o
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
I
NC
)
to
v
alid
ate
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
it
y
in
d
y
n
am
ic
win
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
eg
u
lated
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ee
d
s
a
lo
a
d
-
s
id
e
in
v
e
r
ter
th
at
s
u
p
p
lies
p
o
wer
to
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
in
g
a
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
u
m
p
.
Po
wer
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
b
ase
d
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
a
n
d
DC
lin
k
s
tab
ilit
y
,
a
b
id
ir
e
ctio
n
al
SEPI
C
-
Z
eta
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
N
F
I
S
-
MPP
T b
a
s
ed
P
MS
G
-
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
in
terf
a
ce
d
w
ith
w
a
ter p
u
mp
in
g
…
(
S
a
r
ith
a
K
a
n
d
u
ku
r
i
)
143
co
n
v
er
ter
is
in
ter
f
ac
ed
with
a
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it.
An
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN)
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
o
v
er
n
s
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
at
io
n
b
ased
o
n
r
e
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
ac
tu
al
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els,
g
e
n
er
a
tin
g
p
r
ec
is
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
als to
co
n
tr
o
l c
h
a
r
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
b
at
ter
y
SOC
an
d
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
.
T
h
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
,
wh
er
e
b
o
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
n
o
v
el
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
m
o
d
ele
d
to
en
ab
le
r
ep
licatio
n
a
n
d
f
u
r
th
er
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ANFI
S
f
o
r
MPPT
an
d
ANN
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
ju
s
tifie
d
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ap
t
to
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
d
y
n
a
m
ics
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ac
cu
r
ac
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
en
ab
les
a
r
eliab
le,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ad
d
r
es
s
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ch
allen
g
e
s
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
win
d
-
b
ased
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
s
ch
em
atic
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
y
s
tem
3.
SYST
E
M
M
O
D
E
L
L
I
NG
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
etailed
,
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
B
o
th
s
tan
d
a
r
d
a
n
d
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
with
th
eo
r
etica
l
ju
s
tific
atio
n
s
an
d
m
ath
em
atica
l f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
to
en
ab
le
r
ep
lic
atio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
.
3.
1
.
Wind
ener
g
y
co
nv
er
s
io
n sy
s
t
em
s
T
h
e
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
(
W
E
C
S)
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
wi
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
in
to
m
ec
h
an
ical
e
n
er
g
y
v
ia
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e,
w
h
ich
is
th
e
n
c
o
n
v
er
ted
to
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
in
g
a
g
en
er
at
o
r
.
T
h
e
in
h
er
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
win
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
ese
ar
e
s
tab
ilized
u
s
in
g
a
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
in
ter
f
ac
e
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
a
r
ec
ti
f
ier
,
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
,
an
d
i
n
v
er
ter
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
g
r
id
-
co
m
p
atib
le
o
u
tp
u
t
[
2
3
]
.
A
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
k
in
e
tic
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
win
d
in
to
r
o
t
atin
g
m
o
tio
n
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
at
o
r
c
o
n
v
er
ts
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
in
to
elec
tr
ical
en
e
r
g
y
.
A
r
ec
tifie
r
co
n
v
er
ts
AC
v
o
l
tag
e
in
to
d
c.
A
m
a
n
ag
ea
b
le
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
u
g
g
ests
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t.
All
o
f
t
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
er
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
th
e
win
d
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l f
o
r
g
e
n
er
ated
p
o
wer
is
(
1
)
.
=
1
2
3
(
,
)
2
3
(
1
)
I
n
wh
ich
,
–
p
o
wer
tak
en
th
r
o
u
g
h
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
,
–
a
ir
d
en
s
ity
,
–
p
itch
an
g
le
,
R
–
b
lad
e
r
ad
iu
s
,
an
d
V
–
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
tip
s
p
ee
d
i
n
(
2
)
.
)
=
(
2
)
Her
e,
R
is
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
.
Po
wer
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
)
is
g
iv
en
as
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
.
=
1
2
(
116
1
−
0
.
4
−
5
)
(
−
16
.
5
1
)
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
1
41
-
1
52
144
1
=
1
1
+
0
.
089
−
0
.
035
3
+
1
(
4
)
Her
e,
1
is
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
SR
as tip
-
s
p
ee
d
f
r
ac
tio
n
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
(
5
)
.
=
(
5
)
Her
e,
R
-
tu
r
b
in
e
r
a
d
iu
s
an
d
-
m
ec
h
an
ical
an
g
u
lar
s
p
ee
d
i
n
(
6
)
.
=
(
6
)
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t to
r
q
u
e
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
(
2
)
an
d
(
6
)
.
=
1
2
{
}
3
(
7
)
3
.
2
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
DF
I
G
T
h
e
DFI
G
is
m
o
d
eled
in
t
h
e
d
-
q
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
r
am
e,
an
d
b
o
th
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
e
q
u
atio
n
s
o
f
s
tato
r
as we
ll a
s
r
o
to
r
ar
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
8
)
.
{
=
+
−
=
+
+
=
+
−
=
+
+
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
is
ed
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
ar
e
d
esig
n
ated
as
d
as
well
as
q
,
th
e
s
tato
r
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
ar
e
d
esig
n
ated
as
s
as
well
a
s
r
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
d
esig
n
ated
a
s
v
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
is
d
esig
n
ated
as
i,
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
f
lu
x
is
d
esig
n
ated
as ϕ
,
its
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
is
d
esig
n
ated
as ω
,
an
d
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
is
d
esig
n
ated
as r
.
T
h
e
f
lu
x
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
s
tato
r
a
s
well
as
r
o
to
r
ar
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
a
s
(
9
)
.
He
r
e,
th
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
L
an
d
th
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
a
s
M
.
{
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
(
9
)
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
e
q
u
atio
n
f
o
r
W
E
C
S b
ased
o
n
DFI
G
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
(
1
0
)
.
Ω
=
−
−
Ω
(
1
0
)
W
h
en
th
is
g
en
er
ato
r
'
s
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
is
g
iv
en
as
T
em
,
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
am
p
in
g
is
g
iv
en
as
f
,
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e'
s
to
tal
in
er
tia
is
g
iv
en
as
J
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
DFI
G
s
p
ee
d
is
g
iv
en
as
Ω
.
T
h
e
DFI
G
elec
t
r
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e,
wh
ich
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
1
)
.
=
(
−
)
(
1
1
)
W
h
er
e
p
d
en
o
tes
th
e
p
air
o
f
p
o
les
o
f
th
e
DFI
G.
On
th
e
s
tat
o
r
s
id
e,
th
e
r
ea
l
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
2
)
.
{
=
3
2
(
+
)
=
3
2
(
−
)
(
1
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
N
F
I
S
-
MPP
T b
a
s
ed
P
MS
G
-
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
in
terf
a
ce
d
w
ith
w
a
ter p
u
mp
in
g
…
(
S
a
r
ith
a
K
a
n
d
u
ku
r
i
)
145
3
.
3
.
SE
P
I
C
-
Z
et
a
co
nv
er
t
er
A
d
u
al
-
m
o
d
e
SEPI
C
-
Z
eta
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
b
id
ir
ec
t
io
n
al
en
e
r
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
allo
ws
s
tep
-
u
p
/s
tep
-
d
o
wn
o
p
er
ati
o
n
with
im
p
r
o
v
ed
e
f
f
icien
cy
u
s
in
g
s
o
f
t
-
s
witch
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Switch
es
S1
to
S4
co
n
tr
o
l
SEPI
C
o
r
Z
eta
m
o
d
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
d
y
n
am
ically
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
r
ed
u
ce
s
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tr
ess
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
e
f
f
icien
cy
b
y
elim
i
n
atin
g
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
,
en
a
b
lin
g
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
u
tili
zin
g
s
in
g
le
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l f
o
r
s
ea
m
less
m
o
d
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
Step
-
u
p
a
n
d
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
f
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
g
u
id
an
ce
,
as
th
ey
wer
e
in
th
e
in
itial
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
SEPI
C
/Z
eta
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
Du
e
o
f
th
e
d
u
alis
m
o
f
SEPI
C
an
d
Z
eta
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
m
a
y
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
th
e
b
ilater
al
o
r
i
en
tatio
n
.
W
h
en
all
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
y
v
alv
es
ar
e
s
witch
ed
o
u
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
s
im
ilar
ly
to
th
e
class
ic
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
SEPI
C
/Z
eta
co
n
v
er
ter
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
v
a
r
iatio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
W
ith
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
in
ter
leav
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
m
ay
elim
in
ate
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
S1
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
witch
in
SEPI
C
o
p
er
atio
n
,
S2
is
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
ec
tifie
r
,
a
n
d
S3
an
d
S4
ar
e
th
e
a
u
x
iliar
y
s
witch
es.
S1
co
n
d
u
cts
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
ec
tifie
r
i
n
Z
E
T
A
o
p
er
atio
n
,
S2
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
witch
,
an
d
S3
an
d
S4
ar
e
th
e
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
s
witch
es.
T
h
e
g
en
tle
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
an
s
itio
n
am
o
n
g
s
t switch
es is
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
L
a.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
SEPI
C
-
Z
E
T
A
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
3
.
4
.
ANF
I
S ba
s
ed
M
P
P
T
T
h
e
ANFI
S
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
MPPT
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
w
in
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
win
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
as
in
p
u
ts
,
wh
ile
it
s
o
u
tp
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
o
f
th
e
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
m
o
d
el
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
tak
es
th
r
ee
in
p
u
ts
—
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
in
)
,
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
I
in
)
,
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
—
ea
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
p
u
t
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
(
m
f
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
r
u
le
lay
er
th
at
m
ap
s
f
u
zz
y
r
u
l
es
b
ased
o
n
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
ts
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
th
en
p
as
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
tp
u
t
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
ag
g
r
eg
ated
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
in
g
le
o
u
tp
u
t v
alu
e
,
d
en
o
ted
as D.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
ANFI
S m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as
lin
ea
r
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
in
p
u
ts
,
an
d
th
e
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as f
o
llo
ws:
-
If
=
1
an
d
=
1
,
th
en
1
=
1
+
1
+
1
.
-
If
=
2
an
d
=
2
,
th
en
2
=
2
+
2
+
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
1
41
-
1
52
146
L
ay
er
1
co
n
tain
s
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
o
d
es
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
v
alu
es
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
lin
g
u
is
tic
ter
m
s
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
p
u
t sig
n
als.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es a
r
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
s
u
itab
ly
p
ar
am
eter
ize
d
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
1
=
(
)
=
1
1
+
|
−
|
2
(
1
3
)
Her
e,
1
d
en
o
tes
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
ℎ
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
in
itial
lay
er
,
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
p
u
t
to
th
at
n
o
d
e.
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
lin
g
u
is
tic
lab
el
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
=
(
1
,
2
,
1
,
2
)
,
wh
ich
d
ef
in
es
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
et.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
{
,
,
}
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
p
r
em
is
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
et
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
i
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
L
ay
er
2
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
ix
ed
n
o
d
e
s
,
d
en
o
ted
b
y
Π
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
th
e
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
ea
ch
r
u
le.
I
n
th
is
lay
er
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
ev
e
r
y
n
o
d
e
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
f
u
zz
y
AND
o
p
er
atio
n
to
all
in
p
u
t sig
n
als.
2
=
=
(
)
(
)
,
=
1
,
2
,
…
(
1
4
)
L
ay
er
3
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
ℎ
n
o
d
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
a
s
th
e
r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
ℎ
r
u
le
to
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
all
r
u
les.
3
=
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
1
+
2
(
1
5
)
L
ay
er
4
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
n
o
d
es d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
tili
zin
g
.
4
=
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
̅
̅
̅
̅
(
+
+
)
(
1
6
)
Her
e,
̅
̅
̅
̅
d
en
o
tes
th
e
f
ir
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
f
r
o
m
th
e
t
h
ir
d
lay
er
a
n
d
(
,
,
)
ar
e
th
e
n
o
d
es
co
n
s
eq
u
en
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
et.
L
ay
er
5
g
i
v
es th
e
o
v
e
r
all
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
ANFI
S f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
ta
l o
f
th
e
in
p
u
ts
o
f
n
o
d
es.
5
=
∑
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
∑
∑
(
1
7
)
T
h
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
en
e
r
ates
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
r
atio
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
as
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
la
b
els
en
ab
le
th
e
ANFI
S
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
t
r
o
l
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
o
wer
ad
ap
tatio
n
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
a
ttain
ed
f
o
llo
win
g
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
e
an
ticip
ated
task
s
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
4
an
d
5
s
h
o
w
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
id
e
an
d
b
at
ter
y
s
id
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
iag
r
am
o
f
a
win
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
f
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
ec
t
if
ier
an
d
a
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
er
e
an
i
n
d
u
cto
r
(
L
)
h
elp
s
c
o
n
tr
o
l
cu
r
r
en
t
r
i
p
p
l
e.
Vo
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
to
r
eg
u
late
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
ac
tu
al
v
alu
es
with
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
lev
els,
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tab
le
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
en
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
ag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
as
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
o
v
er
a
1
-
s
ec
o
n
d
tim
e
in
ter
v
al.
T
h
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
als,
ea
ch
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
b
y
1
2
0
°,
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
y
m
m
etr
y
an
d
b
alan
c
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
u
r
ati
o
n
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
s
cillates
b
etwe
en
±
1
V,
in
d
icatin
g
a
well
-
r
eg
u
lated
an
d
s
tab
le
g
r
i
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
v
er
a
tim
e
s
p
an
o
f
1
s
ec
o
n
d
.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
em
ain
s
r
elativ
ely
s
tead
y
ar
o
u
n
d
1
1
0
0
V
with
m
in
o
r
r
ip
p
les,
in
d
icatin
g
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
in
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tag
e.
T
h
is
s
tab
ilit
y
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
b
etwe
en
th
e
AC
-
DC
an
d
DC
-
AC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
b
atter
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lts
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
(
a
)
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e,
(
b
)
b
atter
y
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
(
c)
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
(
SOC
)
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
o
v
er
1
s
e
co
n
d
.
B
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
r
em
ain
s
s
tab
le
ar
o
u
n
d
1
2
V,
in
d
icatin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
er
io
d
.
B
atter
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
h
o
v
er
s
clo
s
e
to
ze
r
o
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
m
in
im
al
ch
a
r
g
in
g
/
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
,
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
in
d
icatin
g
an
i
d
le
o
r
e
q
u
ilib
r
iu
m
s
tate.
B
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
(
SOC
)
s
tay
s
co
n
s
tan
t
at
6
0
%,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
en
er
g
y
in
f
lo
w
o
r
o
u
tf
lo
w
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
tim
ef
r
am
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
N
F
I
S
-
MPP
T b
a
s
ed
P
MS
G
-
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
in
terf
a
ce
d
w
ith
w
a
ter p
u
mp
in
g
…
(
S
a
r
ith
a
K
a
n
d
u
ku
r
i
)
147
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mo
t
o
r
s
id
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
atter
y
s
id
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Gr
id
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
DC
v
o
ltag
e
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
1
41
-
1
52
148
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
atter
y
r
esu
lts
:
(
a)
v
o
ltag
e,
(
b
)
c
u
r
r
en
t
,
an
d
(
c)
SOC
Fig
u
r
e
9
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.