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So
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C
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Dep
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ac
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i
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
o
p
u
latio
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a
n
d
r
a
p
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u
s
tr
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v
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ig
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if
ican
tly
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
[
1
]
.
Fo
s
s
il
f
u
els
r
em
ain
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
en
e
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g
y
p
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d
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h
o
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as
p
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m
p
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m
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y
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ati
o
n
s
to
s
ee
k
alter
n
ativ
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s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
em
e
r
g
es
as
th
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m
o
s
t
v
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alter
n
ativ
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to
f
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s
s
il
f
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els
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u
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to
its
a
b
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n
d
an
t
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d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
n
atu
r
e
[
4
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
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ce
s
,
s
o
lar
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y
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
as
o
n
e
o
f
m
o
s
t
ex
ten
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tili
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p
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o
m
ee
t th
e
g
r
o
win
g
en
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r
g
y
d
em
an
d
s
[
5
]
.
So
lar
r
ad
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r
ea
ch
in
g
E
ar
th
'
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
is
in
ter
m
itten
t
o
r
m
o
s
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
s
ettin
g
s
[
6
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
es
is
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
s
o
lar
is
o
latio
n
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
alt
g
r
ad
ien
t
s
o
lar
pond
(
SGSP
)
is
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
al
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
lar
d
e
v
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d
esig
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ed
to
s
to
r
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lar
en
er
g
y
b
y
h
ar
n
ess
in
g
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
SGSP
o
f
f
er
s
an
e
x
ce
p
tio
n
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
i
s
is
s
u
e,
as
it
ca
n
m
ain
tain
c
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is
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p
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atch
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wet
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lack
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I
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tem
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f
icien
cy
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
tech
n
i
q
u
es
[
1
3
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
er
g
y
an
al
y
s
is
is
ty
p
ically
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
as
well
as
lo
s
s
es,
t
h
er
eb
y
id
en
tify
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
in
g
o
f
SGSP
an
d
aid
s
in
p
r
ed
ictin
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
er
m
al
s
to
r
ag
e
[
1
4
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
co
n
d
u
cted
ex
er
g
y
o
r
en
er
g
y
an
aly
s
es
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
,
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t g
e
o
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
ty
p
es o
f
s
alts
.
E
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
ex
er
g
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
cir
cu
lar
an
d
s
q
u
ar
e
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
was
ex
p
er
im
en
tally
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
a
NaCl
s
alt
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
r
ev
e
aled
t
h
at
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
m
o
n
th
l
y
av
er
ag
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
in
lo
wer
co
n
v
ec
tiv
e
zo
n
e
(
L
C
Z
)
wer
e
8
6
°C
f
o
r
cy
lin
d
r
ical
p
o
n
d
an
d
7
8
°C
f
o
r
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
p
o
n
d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
cy
lin
d
r
ical
p
o
n
d
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ated
m
ax
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
ef
f
ici
en
cy
o
f
2
5
.
8
%
an
d
ex
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
2
.
4
4
%,
wh
er
ea
s
s
q
u
ar
e
p
o
n
d
ac
h
iev
ed
en
er
g
y
an
d
e
x
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cie
s
o
f
2
3
.
6
5
% a
n
d
1
.
9
1
%,
co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
ly
[
1
5
]
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
en
er
g
y
an
aly
s
is
o
f
cy
lin
d
r
ical
-
s
h
ap
ed
SGSP
co
m
b
in
ed
to
4
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
s
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
th
at
in
teg
r
ated
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
(
I
SP
)
ac
h
iev
ed
en
er
g
y
ef
f
i
cien
cies
o
f
2
1
.
3
3
%,
2
3
.
6
%,
2
4
.
6
%
,
an
d
2
6
.
5
%
wh
en
p
air
e
d
with
1
,
2
,
3
,
a
n
d
4
s
o
lar
c
o
llecto
r
s
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
in
g
l
y
,
e
x
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
2
0
%,
2
1
.
7
%,
2
2
.
2
%
,
an
d
2
3
.
4
%.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
I
SP
s
to
r
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
m
o
r
e
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
wh
en
u
ti
lizin
g
all
f
o
u
r
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
th
e
r
m
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ci
r
cu
lar
SGSP
u
n
ited
to
4
id
en
tical
s
o
lar
co
ll
ec
to
r
s
was
ex
p
er
im
en
tally
e
x
am
in
e
d
.
O
u
tco
m
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
in
Au
g
u
s
t,
m
ax
im
u
m
as
well
as
m
in
im
u
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
in
L
C
Z
wer
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
5
.
2
an
d
1
6
.
9
1
°C
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
L
C
Z
ac
h
i
ev
ed
its
h
ig
h
est
an
d
lo
west
th
er
m
al
s
to
r
ag
e
ef
f
icien
cies
o
f
3
3
%
an
d
2
9
%
in
Au
g
u
s
t,
wh
ile
in
J
an
u
a
r
y
,
th
ese
ef
f
icien
cies
d
r
o
p
p
ed
to
9
.
5
% a
n
d
6
%
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
m
al
s
to
r
ag
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
SGSP
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
an
aly
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
h
ea
t
s
to
r
ag
e
ef
f
icien
cies
wer
e
2
8
.
4
1
%
an
d
3
0
.
1
6
%
i
n
Au
g
u
s
t
an
d
8
.
2
7
%
a
n
d
1
0
.
7
4
%
i
n
J
an
u
ar
y
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
s
tu
d
ies.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
h
ea
t
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
as
1
8
5
W
/m
²
in
J
an
u
ar
y
an
d
4
7
4
W
/m
²
in
Au
g
u
s
t [
1
8
]
.
E
n
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
as
well
as
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
cir
cu
lar
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
wer
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
n
u
m
er
ical
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Ma
x
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
b
e
7
.
6
8
%
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
co
n
v
ec
tiv
e
zo
n
e
(
NC
Z
)
o
r
9
.
3
7
%
f
o
r
L
C
Z
,
with
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
cies
o
f
0
.
3
2
%
as
well
as
0
.
7
6
%
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
J
u
n
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
ex
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
is
n
o
ticea
b
ly
less
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
is
o
f
lo
w
q
u
ality
,
en
a
b
lin
g
th
is
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
l
o
w
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
9
]
.
So
d
iu
m
c
h
lo
r
id
e
(
NaCl)
[
2
0
]
is
m
o
s
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
u
tili
ze
d
s
alt
in
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
m
in
im
al
s
o
lu
b
ilit
y
v
ar
iatio
n
with
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
c
h
an
g
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
NaCl,
o
th
e
r
s
alts
,
n
am
el
y
m
ag
n
esiu
m
c
h
lo
r
id
e
(
Mg
C
l₂)
[
2
1
]
,
s
o
d
iu
m
ca
r
b
o
n
a
te
(
Na₂
C
O₃)
[
2
2
]
,
m
ag
n
esiu
m
s
u
lf
ate
(
Mg
SO₄)
,
c
alciu
m
ch
lo
r
id
e
(
C
aCl
₂)
[
2
3
]
,
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
s
alts
an
d
f
er
tili
ze
r
s
alts
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
a
m
m
o
n
iu
m
s
alts
[
2
5
]
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
en
er
g
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
in
v
esti
g
ati
o
n
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
SGSP
u
s
in
g
Mg
SO
₄
s
alt
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
was
ex
p
er
im
en
tally
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
t
ested
s
alt
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
4
%
(
SGSP
-
M4
)
,
8
%
(
SGSP
-
M8
)
,
1
2
%
(
SGSP
-
M1
2
)
,
an
d
1
6
%
(
SGSP
-
M1
6
)
Mg
SO₄
in
wate
r
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
id
en
tical
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
SGSP
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
alt
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
m
a
x
im
u
m
t
h
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
was
SGSP
-
M1
6
[
1
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew,
it
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
er
e
is
n
o
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
an
aly
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
Mg
SO
4
in
S
GSP.
Hen
ce
,
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
em
p
h
asizes
esti
m
atin
g
e
n
er
g
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
u
p
p
er
co
n
v
ec
tiv
e
z
o
n
e
(
U
C
Z
)
,
NC
Z
,
an
d
L
C
Z
o
f
SGSP
-
M1
6
alo
n
g
with
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Co
ns
t
ruct
io
n
det
a
ils
T
h
e
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
SGSP
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
p
ly
wo
o
d
o
f
1
8
m
m
th
ick
n
ess
with
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
o
f
1
.
7
m
2
an
d
3
0
cm
h
eig
h
t.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
er
ec
ted
in
lo
ca
tio
n
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
S
alem
,
T
am
il
Nad
u
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f a
t
r
a
p
ezo
id
a
l so
la
r
p
o
n
d
u
s
in
g
ma
g
n
esiu
m
s
u
lp
h
a
te
(
Mg
S
O₄)
(
P
.
Din
esh
ku
ma
r
)
405
I
n
d
ia
(
1
1
.
7
1
2
8
°
N
latitu
d
e,
7
8
.
0
8
8
2
°
E
l
o
n
g
itu
d
e)
.
T
h
e
ar
r
an
g
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
SGSP
ar
e
g
iv
en
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
f
o
r
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
co
n
s
t
r
u
ctio
n
al
d
etails.
T
h
e
p
ly
w
o
o
d
is
p
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
f
o
r
its
g
o
o
d
i
n
s
u
latio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ty
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
d
u
r
ab
il
ity
.
T
h
e
in
s
id
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
SGSP
i
s
p
asted
with
p
o
ly
u
r
eth
an
e
p
last
ic
s
h
ee
t
o
f
2
m
m
t
h
ick
n
ess
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ev
en
t
s
ee
p
ag
e
o
f
wate
r
an
d
b
l
ac
k
co
lo
r
co
ated
o
v
e
r
th
e
p
last
ic
s
h
ee
t
to
attr
ac
t
m
ax
im
u
m
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
.
A
PV
C
co
lu
m
n
u
s
ed
to
m
o
u
n
t
s
ix
PT
-
1
0
0
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
s
wh
ich
h
av
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
±
0
.
5
°C
v
er
tically
to
o
b
tain
v
er
tical
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
wate
r
in
SGSP
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
s
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
a
6
4
-
m
o
d
u
le
(
Delp
h
in
-
E
K6
4
)
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
o
b
tain
in
g
v
e
r
tical
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
.
I
n
ten
s
ity
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
at
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
o
l
ar
p
o
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
Py
r
an
o
m
eter
-
L
PP
YR
A0
3
(
DeltaO
HM
)
an
d
h
as a
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
±
1
.
5
W
/m
2
.
C
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
alt
in
p
o
n
d
wate
r
at
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
lev
el
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
les
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
wate
r
ar
e
ta
k
en
u
s
in
g
5
m
m
f
lex
ib
le
p
last
ic
tu
b
es
wh
ich
ar
e
f
ix
ed
alo
n
g
with
PVC
p
ip
e
co
lu
m
n
alr
ea
d
y
m
o
u
n
ted
f
o
r
f
itti
n
g
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
o
b
es
as
s
h
o
wn
c
lear
ly
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
was
th
en
weig
h
e
d
f
o
r
k
n
o
wn
v
o
lu
m
e
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
weig
h
t
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
W
en
s
ar
PGB
2
0
0
d
ig
ital
s
ca
le
h
av
in
g
a
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
±
1
0
–
4
g
an
d
th
e
d
en
s
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
is
d
o
n
e
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
1
0
m
L
p
y
cn
o
m
eter
.
2
.
2
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
f
o
r
dev
elo
pi
ng
s
a
lt
g
ra
dient
in t
he
s
o
la
r
po
nd
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
SGSP
p
r
in
ci
p
le,
p
o
n
d
h
as
3
d
if
f
er
en
t
zo
n
es n
a
m
ely
L
C
Z
,
NC
Z
,
UC
Z
wh
o
s
e
d
ep
th
s
ar
e
0
.
1
1
,
0
.
1
4
,
0
.
0
5
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
HSZ
o
f
th
e
p
o
n
d
is
in
itially
s
u
b
m
er
g
ed
in
th
e
s
alt
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
1
6
%
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
NC
Z
was
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
lin
ea
r
ly
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
alt
f
r
o
m
u
p
p
er
m
o
s
t
lay
er
o
f
L
C
Z
.
Fin
ally
,
UC
Z
h
a
s
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
illi
n
g
f
r
esh
wate
r
.
T
h
e
estab
lis
h
ed
p
o
n
d
was c
o
n
f
in
ed
f
o
r
7
2
h
o
u
r
s
to
attain
a
lin
ea
r
s
alin
it
y
p
r
o
f
ile.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
is
t
in
ct
zo
n
es
o
f
s
o
lar
pond.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
SGSP
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
s
tab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t z
o
n
es o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
(
a)
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
L
C
Z
,
(
b
)
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
NC
Z
,
an
d
(
c
)
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
UC
Z
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
403
-
4
1
1
406
2
.
3
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l pro
ce
du
r
e
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
at
UC
Z
,
NC
Z
,
an
d
L
C
Z
o
f
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
d
aily
f
r
o
m
1
0
:0
0
AM
-
5
:0
0
PM
with
a
ti
m
e
lap
s
e
o
f
1
5
m
in
u
tes.
I
t
is
n
o
ted
th
at
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
ev
er
y
d
ay
b
etwe
en
1
:
30
-
2
:
30
PM
an
d
its
av
er
ag
e
was
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
f
o
r
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
.
Similar
ly
,
t
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
b
etwe
en
1
:
30
-
2
:
30
PM
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
Den
s
ity
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
s
is
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
d
aily
at
2
:
0
0
PM.
T
h
e
m
o
n
t
h
ly
a
v
er
ag
e
d
en
s
ity
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
ex
am
in
in
g
d
en
s
ity
g
r
ad
ien
t
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tal
tr
ials
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
a
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
o
n
t
h
s
.
Mo
n
th
l
y
av
e
r
ag
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
zo
n
es,
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
wer
e
tak
e
n
to
esti
m
a
te
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
.
3.
E
NE
RG
Y
ANA
L
YS
I
S
E
n
er
g
y
a
n
aly
s
is
is
co
m
m
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
eter
m
in
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
2
6
]
.
Du
r
i
n
g
co
n
tex
t
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
,
it
is
o
f
ten
u
tili
ze
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
as
well
a
s
lo
s
s
es,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
SGSP
is
a
d
ev
ice
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
es
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
o
r
r
eser
v
es
t
h
is
as
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
o
v
er
a
n
ex
ten
d
ed
p
er
i
o
d
[
2
8
]
.
Per
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
n
en
er
g
y
an
aly
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
SGSP
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
al
u
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
h
el
p
s
p
r
ed
ict
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
its
h
ea
t
s
to
r
a
g
e
[
2
9
]
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
is
a
n
aly
s
is
,
f
o
llo
win
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
[
3
0
]
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e:
-
Den
s
ities
o
f
UC
Z
an
d
L
C
Z
in
th
e
SGSP
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
tan
t.
-
Ma
s
s
tr
an
s
f
er
is
n
’
t ta
k
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
-
Hea
t tr
an
s
f
er
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
o
n
e
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al.
-
T
h
e
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
in
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tin
g
th
e
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
an
d
is
o
tr
o
p
i
c.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
en
er
g
y
f
lo
ws
ac
r
o
s
s
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
UC
Z
,
NC
Z
,
L
C
Z
o
f
p
o
n
d
.
O
n
e
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
in
co
m
in
g
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
is
r
ef
lecte
d
f
r
o
m
UC
Z
s
u
r
f
ac
e
in
to
air
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
en
e
r
g
y
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
UC
Z
also
tr
an
s
m
its
s
o
m
e
o
f
in
cid
e
n
t
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
to
NC
Z
,
wh
ile
r
em
ain
in
g
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
is
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
with
in
th
e
UC
Z
,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
is
to
h
ea
t u
p
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3.
E
n
er
g
y
f
lo
ws ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
(
a)
e
n
er
g
y
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
UC
Z
,
(
b
)
en
er
g
y
lay
o
u
t o
f
NC
Z
,
an
d
(
c)
en
er
g
y
lay
o
u
t o
f
L
C
Z
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
law
o
f
co
n
s
e
r
v
atio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
,
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
UC
Z
is
wr
itten
as
(
1
)
-
(
3
)
.
=
+
−
(
1
)
=
(
1
−
)
(
1
−
)
−
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f a
t
r
a
p
ezo
id
a
l so
la
r
p
o
n
d
u
s
in
g
ma
g
n
esiu
m
s
u
lp
h
a
te
(
Mg
S
O₄)
(
P
.
Din
esh
ku
ma
r
)
407
=
−
(
)
(
3
)
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
o
f
S
GSP
was
b
u
ilt
u
s
in
g
p
ly
w
o
o
d
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
ed
as
a
n
in
s
u
latin
g
m
ater
ial.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
h
ea
t
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
id
e
alo
n
g
with
b
o
tto
m
w
alls
o
f
ev
er
y
SGSP
p
r
in
cip
all
y
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
to
tal
h
ea
t
lo
s
s
in
3
zo
n
es
was
d
escr
i
b
ed
u
s
in
g
Fo
u
r
ier
'
s
law
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
(
4
)
-
(
6
)
.
=
+
(
4
)
=
[
(
)
]
(
5
)
=
4
[
(
)
]
(
6
)
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
ea
ch
z
o
n
e
ca
n
g
en
e
r
ally
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
(
7
)
.
=
1
−
+
(
7
)
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
s
u
itab
ilit
y
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
,
it
wa
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at
SGSP
-
M1
6
h
as
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
alt
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
s
to
r
in
g
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
th
er
m
al
en
e
r
g
y
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
f
u
r
th
er
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
SGSP
-
M1
6
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
d
en
s
ity
g
r
ad
ien
t,
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
with
in
th
e
L
C
Z
,
NC
Z
,
an
d
U
C
Z
.
T
h
ese
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
v
er
a
f
o
u
r
-
m
o
n
th
p
er
io
d
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
m
ete
o
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
Salem
an
d
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
4
.
1
.
Densi
t
y
p
ro
f
ile
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
ep
icts
co
r
r
elatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
d
e
n
s
ity
g
r
ad
ien
t
o
f
SG
SP
-
M1
6
s
alt
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
th
e
p
o
n
d
d
e
p
th
o
v
er
a
f
o
u
r
-
m
o
n
th
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
d
en
s
ity
g
r
ad
ien
t
in
L
C
Z
s
h
o
ws
lit
tle
v
ar
iatio
n
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
lo
w
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
Mg
SO₄
s
alt
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
n
s
ity
p
r
o
f
ile
i
n
t
h
e
NC
Z
is
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
in
J
an
u
ar
y
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
Ap
r
il,
wh
ich
is
attr
ib
u
ted
t
o
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
t
h
e
NC
Z
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Den
s
ity
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
M
g
SO
4
SGSP
4
.
2
.
T
em
pera
t
ure
dis
t
ributi
o
ns
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
o
n
th
ly
a
v
er
ag
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
p
o
n
d
d
ep
t
h
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
as
well
as
m
in
im
u
m
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
es
in
L
C
Z
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
0
°C
an
d
5
0
°C
in
Ap
r
il
an
d
J
an
u
ar
y
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
I
t
w
as
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
cir
cu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
alt
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
th
e
L
C
Z
h
elp
ed
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
o
f
t
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
403
-
4
1
1
408
Hig
h
est
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
NC
Z
h
as
b
ee
n
5
3
°C
in
A
p
r
il,
wh
ile
lo
west
wa
s
4
7
°
C
i
n
J
an
u
ar
y
.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
NC
Z
was
n
ea
r
ly
lin
ea
r
,
in
d
icati
n
g
s
tab
le
th
er
m
al
s
tr
atif
icatio
n
with
in
th
e
p
o
n
d
,
allo
win
g
it
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
as
a
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
in
s
u
lato
r
.
I
n
th
e
UC
Z
,
th
e
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
es
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
3
2
°C
in
Ap
r
il
t
o
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
30
°C
in
J
an
u
a
r
y
.
L
ar
g
est
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
2
8
°C
,
was o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
L
C
Z
an
d
UC
Z
in
Ap
r
il.
Fig
u
r
e
5.
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
Mg
SO4
SGSP
4
.
3
.
E
nerg
y
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
SGSP
-
M1
6
was
esti
m
ated
u
s
in
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
v
alu
es
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
wo
r
k
.
I
t
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
o
n
th
e
UC
Z
s
u
r
f
ac
e
was
r
ef
lecte
d
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
f
it wa
s
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
th
e
UC
Z
.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
p
ar
t is tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
L
C
Z
th
r
o
u
g
h
NC
Z
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
e
p
icts
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
UC
Z
o
f
SGSP
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
m
o
n
th
s
.
O
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
m
ax
im
u
m
alo
n
g
with
m
in
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
is
3
1
W
/m
2
an
d
1
2
.
6
W
/m
2
in
Ap
r
il
an
d
J
an
u
ar
y
f
o
r
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
o
f
3
4
6
W
/m
2
an
d
1
7
8
W
/m
2
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Similar
ly
,
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
NC
Z
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
.
Gr
ea
test
an
d
s
m
allest
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
t
o
b
e
4
9
an
d
2
0
.
1
3
W
/m
2
in
Ap
r
il
an
d
J
an
u
ar
y
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
o
la
r
r
ad
iatio
n
i
n
th
e
NC
Z
is
3
2
9
W
/m
2
in
Ap
r
il
an
d
1
7
0
W
/m
2
in
J
an
u
ar
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6.
E
n
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
UC
Z
o
f
Mg
SO
4
SGSP
Fig
u
r
e
7.
E
n
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
NC
Z
o
f
Mg
SO
4
SGSP
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
L
C
Z
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
an
d
lo
west
q
u
an
tity
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
b
u
ild
u
p
i
n
L
C
Z
is
9
5
a
n
d
3
8
.
6
2
W
/m
2
in
m
o
n
th
o
f
Ap
r
il
an
d
J
an
u
ar
y
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
o
f
2
9
6
W
/m
2
an
d
1
5
3
W
/m
2
.
Hea
t
lo
s
s
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
was
esti
m
ated
u
tili
zin
g
Fo
u
r
ier
h
ea
t
co
n
d
u
ct
io
n
eq
u
atio
n
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
h
ea
t
lo
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
UC
Z
ar
e
1
6
5
.
4
,
2
2
3
,
2
4
0
,
3
1
5
W
/m
2
in
m
o
n
th
o
f
J
an
u
ar
y
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
,
Ma
r
ch
,
an
d
Ap
r
il
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
wh
ile
f
o
r
t
h
e
NC
Z
ar
e
1
4
9
.
8
7
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f a
t
r
a
p
ezo
id
a
l so
la
r
p
o
n
d
u
s
in
g
ma
g
n
esiu
m
s
u
lp
h
a
te
(
Mg
S
O₄)
(
P
.
Din
esh
ku
ma
r
)
409
2
0
0
,
2
1
5
,
2
8
0
W
/m
2
.
Similar
l
y
,
L
C
Z
ar
e
1
1
4
.
3
8
,
1
5
1
,
1
6
0
,
2
0
1
W
/m
2
in
th
e
m
o
n
th
s
o
f
J
an
u
ar
y
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
,
Ma
r
ch
,
an
d
Ap
r
il
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cies
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
tim
e
o
f
th
e
SGSP
-
M1
6
ar
e
d
ep
icted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cies
o
f
UC
Z
ar
e
7
.
0
8
%,
7
.
4
7
%,
7
.
8
7
%
,
an
d
8
.
9
6
%
in
J
an
u
ar
y
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
,
Ma
r
c
h
,
an
d
Ap
r
il
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
e
s
tim
ated
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cies
o
f
NC
Z
ar
e
1
1
.
8
4
%,
1
2
.
5
5
%,
1
3
.
1
7
%
,
an
d
1
5
.
0
5
%
in
J
an
u
ar
y
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
,
Ma
r
ch
,
an
d
Ap
r
il
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Simil
ar
ly
,
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cies
o
f
L
C
Z
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
2
5
.
2
4
%,
2
6
.
8
0
%,
2
8
%
,
an
d
3
2
.
0
9
% Jan
u
ar
y
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
,
M
ar
ch
,
an
d
Ap
r
il
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
n
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
L
C
Z
o
f
Mg
SO
4
SGSP
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
E
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
Mg
SO
4
SGSP
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
SGSP
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
in
v
ar
io
u
s
g
eo
m
etr
ic
s
h
ap
e
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
s
h
ap
e
i
s
g
en
er
ally
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
d
u
e
to
its
e
n
h
an
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
L
a
b
o
r
at
o
r
y
-
s
ca
le
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
SGSP
with
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
o
f
1
.
7
m
²
h
as
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
an
aly
s
is
o
f
Mg
SO₄
s
alt
u
tili
ze
d
in
s
o
lar
p
o
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
er
m
al
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
in
th
e
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
SGSP
.
I
n
Ap
r
il,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
av
er
ag
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
UC
Z
,
L
C
Z
,
an
d
NC
Z
w
ith
SGSP
-
M1
6
wer
e
3
2
°C
,
5
3
°C
,
an
d
6
0
°C
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
an
al
y
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cies
wer
e
8
.
9
6
%
f
o
r
UC
Z
,
1
5
.
0
5
%
f
o
r
NC
Z
,
an
d
3
2
.
0
9
%
f
o
r
L
C
Z
in
Ap
r
il.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cies
in
J
an
u
ar
y
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