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I
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I
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20
26
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195
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1
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196
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ts
,
wh
er
ea
s
p
u
r
ely
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
class
if
ier
s
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
g
e
n
er
alize
b
ey
o
n
d
tr
ain
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Sev
er
al
m
o
d
el
-
b
ased
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
em
er
g
e
d
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
ese
is
s
u
es.
C
las
s
ica
l
s
ig
n
al
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
a
s
Par
k
’
s
v
ec
to
r
[
1
]
,
m
o
to
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
an
al
y
s
is
(
MCS
A)
[
2
]
,
an
d
f
ast
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
3
]
o
f
f
er
u
s
ef
u
l
d
etec
tio
n
t
o
o
ls
b
u
t
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
u
n
d
e
r
m
u
ltip
le
o
r
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
AI
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
in
g
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
6
]
-
[
9
]
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
in
es
[
1
0
]
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
s
tr
o
n
g
class
if
icatio
n
ab
ilit
ies
b
u
t
r
em
ain
lim
ited
b
y
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
lo
a
d
.
T
h
is
m
o
tiv
ates
a
m
o
d
el
-
b
ase
d
y
et
tr
ac
tab
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
I
M’
s
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
b
eh
av
io
u
r
wh
ile
en
ab
lin
g
s
im
p
le
r
esid
u
al
g
en
e
r
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
Fau
lt
esti
m
atio
n
h
as
also
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
f
o
r
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
in
T
ak
ag
i
–
Su
g
en
o
m
o
d
els.
Ou
a
r
id
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
o
f
a
f
u
zz
y
o
b
s
er
v
er
d
esig
n
to
f
au
lt
an
d
s
tate
esti
m
ati
o
n
o
f
T
S
s
in
g
u
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
tem
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
in
co
m
p
lex
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
etu
p
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
Aitd
ar
ao
u
et
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
im
p
licit
T
S
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
f
au
lt
esti
m
atio
n
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
lin
e
with
Su
g
en
o
a
n
d
T
an
ak
a'
s
o
r
ig
in
al
th
e
o
r
y
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
ese
T
S
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
s
lik
e
I
M
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
er
-
b
ased
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
T
S
f
o
r
m
alis
m
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
co
n
tr
o
l
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
o
d
elin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
I
M
f
a
u
lt
d
iag
n
o
s
is
h
as
ev
o
lv
ed
alo
n
g
s
ev
er
al
m
ain
lin
es.
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
an
d
Par
k
-
v
ec
to
r
m
eth
o
d
s
,
p
io
n
ee
r
ed
b
y
Na
n
d
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
an
d
B
e
llin
i
et
a
l
.
[2
0
]
,
r
elied
o
n
m
o
to
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
an
aly
s
is
(
MCS
A)
to
d
etec
t
b
r
o
k
en
r
o
to
r
b
a
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
tead
y
s
lip
,
wh
ile
Par
k
-
v
ec
to
r
an
d
ex
t
en
d
ed
Par
k
-
v
ec
to
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
1
]
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
tato
r
-
f
au
lt
s
en
s
itiv
ity
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
tr
al
o
r
tr
ajec
to
r
y
o
v
er
lap
wh
e
n
f
a
u
lts
co
-
ex
is
t o
r
wh
en
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t c
h
a
n
g
es.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
wav
elet
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
o
s
e
in
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
2
]
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
f
au
lt
s
ig
n
atu
r
es.
B
en
b
o
u
zi
d
a
n
d
Klim
a
n
[
2
2
]
an
aly
ze
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
f
au
lts
u
s
in
g
wav
elet
p
ac
k
et
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
an
d
Y
ar
y
m
b
ash
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
co
u
p
led
wav
elets
with
AN
FIS
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
d
etec
tio
n
.
Hy
b
r
id
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
u
ch
as
Hilb
er
t
–
Hu
an
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
with
S
VM
[
1
0
]
,
a
n
d
DW
T
with
m
a
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
[
2
3
]
,
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
h
an
c
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Nev
e
r
t
h
eless
,
th
eir
h
ig
h
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
s
t
an
d
tu
n
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
r
estrict
p
r
ac
tical
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
I
Ms
ar
e
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
u
s
ed
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
s
im
p
licity
.
Ho
wev
er
,
u
n
ex
p
ec
te
d
f
ailu
r
es
—
esp
ec
ially
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
f
au
lts
af
f
ec
tin
g
b
o
th
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
—
c
an
r
esu
lt
in
s
ev
er
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
o
wn
tim
e
an
d
f
in
an
cial
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
ea
r
ly
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
s
u
ch
f
au
lts
i
s
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Desp
ite
all
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
liter
atu
r
e
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
is
o
lated
f
au
lts
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
/actu
ato
r
f
au
lts
.
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
elec
tr
ical
r
o
to
r
–
s
tato
r
f
au
lts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
u
n
d
er
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
lo
ad
o
r
tr
an
s
ien
t,
ar
e
n
o
t
y
et
p
r
o
p
er
ly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
is
is
an
in
h
e
r
e
n
t
d
ef
icien
cy
,
as
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
am
o
n
g
s
u
ch
f
au
lts
g
en
er
ates c
o
m
p
le
x
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
th
at
ar
e
d
etr
im
en
tal
to
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
n
a
b
id
to
b
r
i
d
g
e
th
is
,
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
en
t
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
ew
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
m
eth
o
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
T
a
k
a
g
i
–
Su
g
en
o
(
T
S)
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
f
a
u
lts
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
s
(
I
Ms)
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
p
a
p
er
o
f
f
er
s
a
g
e
n
er
ic
T
S
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
th
at
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
b
o
th
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
f
a
u
lts
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
if
ied
m
ath
em
atica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
v
e
r
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
ten
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
l
o
ad
ed
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
e.
g
.
,
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
esen
t
f
au
lts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
b
y
tap
p
in
g
in
t
o
f
u
zz
y
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
th
at
p
r
e
v
en
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
d
ataset
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t tu
n
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
g
r
ea
ter
m
o
d
el
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
in
g
o
p
e
r
atin
g
r
e
g
im
es.
T
h
e
o
r
i
g
in
ality
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
l
ies
in
its
co
m
b
in
ed
T
ak
a
g
i
–
Su
g
en
o
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
elin
g
ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
with
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
m
an
ag
e
r
o
to
r
an
d
s
tato
r
elec
tr
i
ca
l
f
au
lts
,
an
u
n
d
er
-
r
esear
ch
e
d
ar
ea
in
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
wo
r
k
.
U
n
lik
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
th
at
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
is
o
lated
f
a
u
lt
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
s
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
/actu
ato
r
f
au
lts
,
o
u
r
s
tr
ateg
y
p
o
r
tr
a
y
s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
f
a
u
lts
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
u
s
in
g
s
u
b
-
lin
ea
r
T
S
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
u
s
in
g
an
e
f
f
icien
t
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
ally
s
im
u
latio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
d
y
n
am
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
tr
an
s
ien
t
an
d
lo
ad
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
imu
lta
n
eo
u
s
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
Ta
ka
g
i
-
S
u
g
e
n
o
mo
d
els
(
S
a
mir
a
S
o
u
r
i
)
197
o
p
er
atio
n
th
at
is
ty
p
ically
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
o
f
in
jectin
g
f
au
lts
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
an
d
v
is
u
aliz
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
q
u
an
tit
ies
s
u
ch
as
to
r
q
u
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
,
s
p
ee
d
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
,
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
asy
m
m
etr
ies.
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
f
au
lt
d
iag
n
o
s
is
s
im
u
latio
n
s
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
s
eu
d
o
-
li
n
ea
r
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
s
with
v
ar
ia
b
le
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
T
S f
u
zz
y
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
I
M.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
d
er
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
i
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ap
p
licab
il
ity
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
T
ak
ag
i
–
Su
g
en
o
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
ellin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
as
well
as
th
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
i
n
b
o
t
h
h
ea
lt
h
y
an
d
f
au
lty
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
h
ea
lth
y
m
o
d
el
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
.
Sectio
n
4
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
e
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
f
a
u
lts
—
an
o
f
ten
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
b
u
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ca
s
e
—
an
d
ex
am
in
es
th
e
m
o
to
r
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
tate
-
s
p
ac
e
an
d
T
S
-
b
ased
m
o
d
els,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
im
u
la
tio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
ar
e
also
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es
th
e
p
ap
er
b
r
ief
ly
b
y
r
ec
ap
itu
latin
g
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
m
ad
e
a
n
d
elab
o
r
atin
g
o
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
m
eth
o
d
to
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
au
lt d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
(
I
Ms)
with
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
f
au
lts
is
a
co
m
p
licated
task
with
in
ter
t
win
ed
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
lts
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
d
iag
n
o
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
a
ten
d
en
c
y
o
f
ca
tch
in
g
o
v
er
l
ap
p
in
g
f
au
lt
s
ig
n
at
u
r
es,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
o
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
is
is
s
u
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
g
en
er
alize
d
m
o
d
elin
g
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
b
ased
o
n
th
e
T
ak
a
g
i
–
Su
g
en
o
(
T
S)
f
u
zz
y
f
o
r
m
alis
m
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
b
eg
in
s
with
estab
lis
h
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
tate
-
s
p
ac
e
m
o
d
els
o
f
th
e
I
M
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
au
lt
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
s
itu
atio
n
,
s
tato
r
f
au
lt,
r
o
to
r
f
a
u
lt,
an
d
co
m
b
in
ed
f
au
lt.
T
h
e
m
o
d
els
ar
e
th
en
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
n
to
T
S
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
els
u
s
in
g
s
ec
to
r
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
tech
n
iq
u
es,
allo
win
g
co
m
p
lex
d
y
n
am
ics
to
b
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
in
to
a
s
et
o
f
lo
ca
l
lin
ea
r
s
u
b
m
o
d
els.
E
ac
h
lo
ca
l
m
o
d
el
is
lin
k
ed
with
an
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
al
o
p
er
atin
g
ar
ea
,
d
y
n
am
i
ca
lly
weig
h
ted
b
y
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
d
y
n
am
ic
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
in
s
y
s
tem
s
tates.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
ab
les
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
an
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
h
an
d
lin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
an
d
f
au
lt c
o
u
p
li
n
g
s
.
Her
e
we
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
f
a
u
lts
,
T
S
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
p
r
o
b
e
th
e
m
eth
o
d
u
n
d
er
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
a
n
d
l
o
ad
ed
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
p
ar
t
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
o
d
e
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
(
I
M)
o
p
er
ati
o
n
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
ea
lth
y
an
d
f
au
lty
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
m
ath
em
atica
l
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
is
f
ir
s
t
o
b
tain
ed
i
n
th
e
r
o
to
r
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
am
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
a
cilitate
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
d
y
n
am
ics.
T
h
e
m
o
d
els
ar
e
th
en
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
in
s
tate
-
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
b
e
s
im
u
lated
an
d
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
ca
n
b
e
f
a
cilitated
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
T
ak
ag
i
–
Su
g
e
n
o
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
elin
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
is
also
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
at
n
o
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
tr
ac
tab
ilit
y
co
s
t.
3
.
1
.
T
a
k
a
g
i
-
Su
g
eno
f
uzzy
mo
dels
T
h
e
T
ak
ag
i
-
Su
g
en
o
m
o
d
el
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
s
im
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
els,
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
el
d
escr
ib
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
a
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
"o
p
e
r
atin
g
z
o
n
e"
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
els
a
r
e
th
e
n
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
d
y
n
am
ic
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
u
s
in
g
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
weig
h
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
)
d
ef
in
in
g
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
e
ac
h
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
T
ak
ag
i
-
Su
g
en
o
to
r
e
p
r
esen
t
o
r
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
o
f
a
r
ea
l
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
o
n
th
e
o
n
e
h
an
d
,
th
e
y
o
f
f
er
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
d
escr
ib
in
g
v
e
r
y
co
m
p
le
x
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
with
a
s
im
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
els.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
eir
p
a
r
ticu
lar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
allo
w
s
th
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
ce
r
tain
r
es
u
lts
o
b
tain
ed
with
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
S
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
x
p
o
ly
to
p
ic
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wh
ich
lead
s
t
o
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
ca
l
lin
ea
r
tim
e
in
v
ar
ian
t
(
L
T
I
)
m
o
d
els
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
c
o
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
[
1
8
].
T
S r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ca
n
b
e
wr
itt
en
as
(
1
)
.
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av
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
c
o
n
v
ex
s
u
m
:
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I
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t J Ap
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ch
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e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
/o
r
th
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
)
;
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
u
les
;
(
)
∈
,
(
)
∈
,
an
d
(
)
∈
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
s
tate
v
ec
to
r
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ec
t
o
r
,
an
d
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
ec
to
r
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
;
an
d
∈
×
,
∈
×
,
an
d
∈
×
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
th
e
s
tate
m
atr
ix
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
p
u
t m
atr
ix
,
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
m
a
t
r
i
x
[
18
].
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
m
o
d
elin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
T
ak
a
g
i
–
Su
g
en
o
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
f
lex
ib
le
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
d
escr
ib
in
g
b
o
th
h
ea
lth
y
an
d
f
a
u
lty
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
u
lati
o
n
en
s
u
r
es
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
a
n
d
ea
s
e
o
f
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
au
lt scen
ar
io
s
,
wh
ic
h
will b
e
d
etailed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
t
he
ind
uct
io
n m
o
t
o
r
(
I
M
)
in t
he
f
ra
m
e
o
f
re
f
er
ence
lin
k
ed
t
o
t
he
ro
t
o
r
in hea
lt
hy
ca
s
e
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
I
M
in
p
ar
k
f
r
am
e
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
2
)
a
n
d
(
3
)
.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
T
e
in
Par
k
'
s
f
r
am
e
is
as (
4
)
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
al
s
p
ee
d
eq
u
atio
n
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
5
)
.
{
=
+
+
(
2
)
0
=
+
(
2
)
{
=
+
(
+
)
=
(
+
)
(
3
)
=
(
−
)
(
4
)
=
2
(
−
)
−
−
(
5
)
W
h
er
e:
R
s
an
d
R
r
ar
e
r
esp
ec
ti
v
ely
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
t
o
r
r
esis
t
an
ce
;
L
f
an
d
L
m
ar
e
r
o
to
r
leak
ag
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
a
n
d
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
s
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
;
an
d
ar
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
f
lu
x
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
am
e
(
d
,
q
)
;
T
e
an
d
T
r
ar
e
e
lectr
o
m
ag
n
e
tic
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
I
M
an
d
r
esis
tan
t
to
r
q
u
e
;
J
is
m
ac
h
in
e
in
e
r
tia
;
f
is
Vis
co
u
s
f
r
ictio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
;
is
s
p
ee
d
r
o
tatio
n
; a
n
d
p
is
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
o
le
p
air
s
.
3.
2
.
1.
Sta
t
e
-
s
pa
ce
re
presenta
t
io
n in hea
lt
hy
ca
s
e
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
h
ea
lth
y
in
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
s
y
s
tem
(
d
en
o
ted
M
1
)
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
b
aselin
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
o
r
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
f
au
lt
-
in
d
u
ce
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ag
ain
s
t
wh
ich
an
o
m
alies
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
S
f
u
zz
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
s
p
a
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
t
h
e
I
M
i
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
o
r
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
s
t
a
t
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
.
I
M
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
by
(
6
)
[
19
]
:
{
̇
(
)
=
(
)
⋅
(
)
+
(
)
⋅
(
)
(
)
=
⋅
(
)
(
6
)
w
i
t
h
:
(
)
=
[
]
,
(
)
=
[
]
,
a
n
d
(
)
=
[
]
.
(
)
=
[
−
+
−
−
+
−
0
−
0
0
0
−
]
,
=
[
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
]
,
=
[
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
]
.
3.
2
.
2.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ults in h
ea
lt
hy
ca
s
e
T
h
e
u
s
ed
I
M
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
ar
e
:
r
ated
p
o
wer
1
.
1
k
W
,
s
tato
r
r
esis
tan
ce
=
9
.
81
,
R
o
to
r
r
esis
tan
ce
=
3
.
83
,
m
ag
n
etizin
g
in
d
u
ctan
ce
s
=
0
.
436
,
g
lo
b
al
leak
ag
e
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
r
e
f
er
r
e
d
to
s
tato
r
=
0
.
0762
,
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
le
p
air
s
=
2
[
2
0
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
s
im
u
lati
o
n
s
,
a
r
esis
tiv
e
to
r
q
u
e
eq
u
al
to
3
.
5
N
.
m
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
I
M
at
tim
e
t
=
0
.
7
s
.
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ied
-
o
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
well
to
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
I
M
at
t
h
e
n
o
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
b
ala
n
c
ed
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
th
e
ev
alu
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
Af
ter
a
t
r
an
s
ien
t
r
eg
im
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
imu
lta
n
eo
u
s
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
Ta
ka
g
i
-
S
u
g
e
n
o
mo
d
els
(
S
a
mir
a
S
o
u
r
i
)
199
s
tar
tin
g
p
h
ase,
th
e
last
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
v
alu
es
af
ter
0
.
5
s
.
W
e
n
o
tice
th
at,
at
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
a
s
er
ies
o
f
h
ig
h
am
p
litu
d
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ar
e
d
am
p
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
o
f
th
e
I
M
an
d
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
s
p
ee
d
0
.
7
s
.
T
h
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
ea
ch
es
its
m
ax
im
u
m
v
al
u
e,
an
d
th
en
atte
n
u
ates
to
r
ea
c
h
its
r
esis
tiv
e
v
alu
e
an
d
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
zo
o
m
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
ar
e
well
b
alan
ce
d
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
tab
iliz
es
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
5
0
r
ad
/
s
af
ter
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
ea
ch
es
a
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
4
N
.
m
at
t
=
0
.
7
s
,
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tab
ilizin
g
at
3
.
5
N
.
m
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
ts
c
o
n
v
er
g
e
t
o
n
o
m
in
al
v
alu
es
with
b
alan
ce
d
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
5
A
af
ter
th
e
in
itial
o
s
ci
llatio
n
s
.
W
e
n
o
tice
th
at
th
e
p
ass
ag
e
f
r
o
m
u
n
lo
a
d
ed
r
eg
im
e
to
th
e
l
o
ad
ed
o
n
e
at
tim
e
t
=
0
.
7
s
is
estab
lis
h
ed
with
o
u
t
o
s
cillatio
n
s
,
an
d
with
a
v
er
y
lo
w
o
v
er
ta
k
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sp
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
u
n
d
er
lo
a
d
T
r
=
3
.
5
N.
m
in
h
ea
lth
y
ca
s
e
3.
2
.
3.
Repre
s
ent
a
t
io
n wit
h T
a
k
a
g
i
–
Su
g
eno
mo
dels
in hea
lt
hy
ca
s
e
Fo
llo
win
g
to
(
6
)
,
we
n
o
tice
t
h
at
th
e
m
atr
ix
c
o
n
tr
o
l
B
an
d
th
e
m
atr
ix
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
C
,
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
,
an
d
th
e
m
atr
ix
s
tate
A
d
ep
e
n
d
o
n
th
e
s
p
ee
d
.
W
h
ich
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
:
z
(
t)
=
.
T
S
m
atr
ices
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
I
M
ar
e
g
i
v
en
as
f
o
ll
o
ws
:
1
=
[
−
+
−
−
+
−
0
−
0
0
0
−
]
,
2
=
[
−
+
−
−
+
−
0
−
0
0
0
−
]
,
1
=
2
=
,
1
=
2
=
.
3.
2
.
4.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ults ba
s
ed
o
n T
S
m
o
dels
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
S
m
o
d
el,
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
p
ac
k
ag
e
is
u
s
ed
to
s
im
u
late
t
h
e
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
m
o
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
ev
alu
ati
o
n
o
f
s
p
ee
d
,
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
,
an
d
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
wh
ich
co
n
v
er
g
e
t
o
t
h
eir
r
ea
l
v
al
u
es.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
s
tab
ilizes
at
3
.
5
N.
m
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
p
ee
d
co
n
v
er
g
es
to
1
5
0
r
ad
/
s
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
s
h
o
w
b
alan
ce
d
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
atter
n
s
with
am
p
litu
d
es
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
A.
3.
3
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
t
he
I
M
wit
h
s
t
a
t
o
r
f
a
ult
in t
he
f
r
a
m
e
o
f
re
f
er
ence
lin
k
ed
t
o
t
he
ro
t
o
r
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
f
au
lt
m
o
d
els
(
M2
an
d
M3
)
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
els
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
h
ea
lth
y
s
y
s
tem
to
r
ef
lect
p
h
y
s
ical
f
au
lt
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
s
,
wh
ile
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r
eser
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in
g
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m
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atib
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th
e
T
S
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ased
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ter
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o
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r
a
m
ewo
r
k
.
All
p
ar
am
eter
ch
an
g
es
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ettin
g
s
ar
e
alig
n
ed
with
r
ea
l
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a
u
lt
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
m
o
to
r
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
b
etwe
en
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r
n
s
f
a
u
lt
in
th
e
s
tato
r
ca
n
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e
o
b
tai
n
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
wh
er
e
n
cc
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
a
u
lty
tu
r
n
s
[
1
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
:
195
-
2
1
0
200
Fig
u
r
e
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.
Sp
ee
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n
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r
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ased
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Tr
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5
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m
in
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e
Fig
u
r
e
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.
Sh
o
r
t c
ir
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it o
f
tu
r
n
s
o
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e
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s
p
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ase
o
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e
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tato
r
Fo
r
f
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p
o
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t
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o
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ce
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ar
a
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s
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h
e
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tr
ical
a
n
g
le
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ted
,
id
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tify
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g
th
e
s
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o
r
t
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cir
cu
ited
win
d
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g
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r
esp
ec
t
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h
e
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ef
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en
ce
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is
.
T
h
e
n
o
te
d
s
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o
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t
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cir
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it
r
e
p
o
r
t
n
cc
,
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al
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e
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atio
o
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th
e
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m
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o
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ited
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e
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n
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m
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o
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ase
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h
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ic
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e
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o
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it
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etwe
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r
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is
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
e
q
u
atio
n
[
1
9
]
.
I
M
s
tato
r
f
au
lts
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
I
M
s
tato
r
f
au
lts
s
tate
s
p
ac
e
r
ep
r
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tatio
n
lin
k
e
d
to
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e
r
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t
o
r
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
7
)
,
with
:
=
.
=
⋅
(
7
)
Par
k
I
M
eq
u
atio
n
s
lin
k
ed
t
o
th
e
r
o
to
r
a
r
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
8
)
-
(
1
0
)
.
{
=
′
+
+
(
2
)
0
=
′
+
(
8
)
{
=
′
+
(
+
)
=
(
′
+
′
)
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
imu
lta
n
eo
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s
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u
lt d
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g
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els
(
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o
u
r
i
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201
{
=
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=
2
3
(
−
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(
)
(
)
(
1
0
)
3
.
3
.
1
.
Sta
t
e
-
s
pa
ce
re
presenta
t
io
n wit
h sta
t
o
r
f
a
ult
T
h
e
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M
s
tato
r
f
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lts
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s
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e
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k
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iv
en
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y
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1
1
)
.
T
h
is
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ep
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n
d
escr
ib
es th
e
s
y
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tem
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io
r
u
n
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e
r
r
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t
o
r
-
lin
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s
tato
r
f
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lts
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{
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(
1
1
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ith
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n
d
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)
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)
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.
3
.
3
.
2
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
5
%,
1
5
%
,
an
d
2
5
%
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
b
etwe
en
tu
r
n
s
in
th
e
s
tato
r
u
n
d
er
3
.
5
N.
m
ap
p
l
ied
to
th
e
I
M
at
t
=
0
.
7
s
.
Als
o
,
at
t
=
1
s
,
a
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt
b
etwe
en
tu
r
n
s
e
q
u
al
t
o
5
%
an
d
1
5
%
wh
ich
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
a
n
cc
=
23
tu
r
n
s
an
d
n
cc
=
6
9
tu
r
n
s
is
p
r
o
v
o
k
e
d
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
to
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
o
f
2
5
%
(
n
cc
=
1
1
6
tu
r
n
s
)
at
t
=
1
.
5
s
an
d
t
=
2
s
is
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
s
im
u
lated
.
W
e
n
o
tice
th
at
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
h
o
r
ten
ed
tu
r
n
s
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
tate,
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
am
p
litu
d
e
ch
an
g
es d
u
e
to
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
wh
ich
lea
d
s
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
o
s
cillatio
n
in
th
e
s
p
ee
d
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
.
At
5
%
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
am
p
l
itu
d
e
r
is
es
to
6
A,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
to
8
A
at
1
5
%
f
au
lt
an
d
1
0
A
at
2
5
%
f
au
lt.
T
h
e
o
s
cillatio
n
in
to
r
q
u
e
r
ea
ch
es
4
N.
m
,
5
N.
m
,
an
d
6
N.
m
f
o
r
5
%,
1
5
%,
an
d
2
5
% f
a
u
lts
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
T
a
k
a
g
i
–
Su
g
eno
m
o
dels
o
f
I
M
wit
h
s
t
a
t
o
r
f
a
ult
As
s
h
o
wn
in
(
1
1
)
,
we
n
o
tice
t
h
at
th
e
m
atr
ices
B
an
d
C
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
tato
r
f
au
lt
u
s
in
g
T
S
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
wh
er
e,
th
e
m
at
r
ix
s
tate
A
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
n
ly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
:
z
(
t)
=
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ices o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
g
iv
en
as:
1
=
[
−
+
−
−
+
−
0
−
0
0
0
−
]
,
2
=
[
−
+
−
−
+
−
0
−
0
0
0
−
]
,
1
=
2
=
,
1
=
2
=
,
1
=
2
=
.
3
.
3
.
4
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ults ba
s
ed
o
n T
S
m
o
del
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
f
au
lt
b
ased
o
n
T
S
m
o
d
els
.
W
e
n
o
tice
th
at
th
e
q
u
an
titi
es
(
to
r
q
u
e,
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
with
s
tato
r
f
au
lt)
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
war
d
s
th
eir
r
ea
l
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
s
tab
ilize
at
ar
o
u
n
d
5
A
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
a
l
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
3
.
5
N.
m
to
4
N.
m
as
th
e
f
au
lt
lev
el
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
:
195
-
2
1
0
202
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sp
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
in
s
h
o
r
t
ci
r
cu
it
f
au
lt u
n
d
er
lo
a
d
T
r
=
3
.
5
N.
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Sp
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
in
s
tato
r
f
a
u
lt
-
b
ased
T
S m
o
d
els
3
.
4
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
t
he
I
M
wit
h
ro
t
o
r
f
a
ult
in t
he
ro
t
o
r
f
r
a
m
e
T
h
is
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
f
a
u
lt
m
o
d
els
(
M4
an
d
M5
)
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
o
t
o
r
an
d
s
tato
r
f
a
u
lts
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
T
S
f
u
zz
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
n
d
e
r
m
o
r
e
ad
v
e
r
s
e
f
au
lt
co
u
p
lin
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
esig
n
an
d
th
e
tim
in
g
f
o
r
f
au
lt
ac
tiv
atio
n
ar
e
o
u
tlin
ed
with
a
v
iew
to
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
to
tal
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
b
y
elem
en
tar
y
d
ip
o
les
with
a
b
r
o
k
e
n
b
ar
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
i
n
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
ce
o
f
a
f
au
lt
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t to
a
r
o
to
r
in
f
r
ee
o
f
f
au
lt c
ase,
to
wh
ich
we
ad
d
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
win
d
in
g
tr
av
e
r
s
ed
b
y
a
f
ictitio
u
s
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
t [
2
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
imu
lta
n
eo
u
s
fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
Ta
ka
g
i
-
S
u
g
e
n
o
mo
d
els
(
S
a
mir
a
S
o
u
r
i
)
203
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
M
r
o
to
r
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
s
cir
cu
it
3
.
4
.
1
.
M
o
dellin
g
o
f
bro
k
en
r
o
t
o
r
ba
r
f
a
ults
Fig
u
r
e
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
I
M
with
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
f
au
lt.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
m
o
d
ellin
g
th
e
f
au
lts
b
ased
o
n
ch
an
g
es
in
r
esis
tan
ce
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
r
o
to
r
f
a
u
lts
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
to
n
eg
lect
in
d
u
ctan
ce
ch
a
n
g
es
was
m
ad
e
b
ec
au
s
e,
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
r
esis
tan
ce
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
d
o
m
in
ated
th
e
f
au
lt
d
y
n
am
ics.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
m
o
r
e
s
ev
er
e
f
a
u
lt
ca
s
es
o
r
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
d
u
ctan
ce
ch
an
g
es
m
ig
h
t
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
im
p
ac
t,
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
th
em
wo
u
ld
lea
d
to
a
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
b
ar
r
u
p
t
u
r
es
at
th
e
r
o
to
r
am
o
u
n
t
to
a
s
im
p
le
r
esis
tiv
e
q
u
ad
r
u
p
o
le
R
fault
p
lace
d
in
s
er
ies
with
th
e
r
o
to
r
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
eq
u
i
v
alen
t r
esis
tan
ce
m
atr
ix
is
th
en
o
b
tain
ed
a
s
(
1
3
)
.
[
]
=
[
]
+
[
]
=
[
]
−
1
−
(
0
)
.
[
]
(
1
3
)
W
i
t
h
=
2
3
0
,
[
]
=
[
1
0
0
1
]
,
a
n
d
(
0
)
=
[
(
0
)
2
c
os
(
0
)
.
(
0
)
c
os
(
0
)
.
(
0
)
(
0
)
2
]
.
A
f
ictitio
u
s
p
h
ase
th
er
ef
o
r
e
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
b
/3
b
ar
s
.
Fo
r
n
bc
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
s
o
n
a
p
h
ase,
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
r
ep
o
r
t
0
is
g
iv
en
b
y
[
2
1
]
:
0
=
3
n
bc
/n
b
.
I
n
h
ea
lth
y
ca
s
e
(
f
ac
to
r
=
0
)
,
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
R
fault
b
ec
o
m
es
ze
r
o
.
W
h
en
th
e
f
ac
to
r
is
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
,
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
R
fault
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
im
b
alan
ce
in
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
s
iz
es
an
d
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
ter
m
s
o
n
th
e
two
d
an
d
q
a
x
es o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
3
.
4
.
2
.
Sta
t
e
-
s
pa
ce
re
presenta
t
io
n wit
h r
o
t
o
r
f
a
ult
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
m
o
to
r
u
n
d
er
r
o
to
r
b
r
o
k
e
n
b
ar
f
au
lt
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tate
-
s
p
ac
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
as
(
1
4
)
a
n
d
(
1
5
)
.
T
h
is
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ch
ar
ac
te
r
izes
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
b
eh
av
i
o
r
w
h
en
a
r
o
to
r
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
f
au
lt o
cc
u
r
s
.
{
̇
(
)
=
(
)
.
(
)
+
(
)
.
(
)
(
)
=
.
(
)
(
1
4
)
W
i
t
h
(
)
=
[
]
,
(
)
=
[
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n
d
(
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=
[
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(
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[
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+
[
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.
−
1
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(
2
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(
[
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.
−
1
−
.
(
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)
)
.
−
1
[
]
−
[
]
.
−
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,
=
[
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
]
,
=
[
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
]
,
[
]
=
[
]
.
(
−
1
−
(
0
)
)
(
1
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
:
195
-
2
1
0
204
3
.
4
.
3
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ults in t
he
presence
o
f
ro
t
o
r
f
a
ults
First,
T
h
e
I
M
is
s
tar
ted
with
o
u
t
lo
ad
u
n
til
t
=
0
.
7
s
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
a
r
esis
tiv
e
to
r
q
u
e
eq
u
al
to
3
.
5
N.
m
.
wh
er
e
th
e
s
p
ee
d
d
r
o
p
s
to
1
5
1
.
1
r
ad
/s
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
v
o
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
s
at
t
=
1
s
,
we
n
o
tice
th
e
a
p
p
ea
r
a
n
ce
o
f
o
s
cillatio
n
in
s
p
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
(
F
ig
u
r
e
7
)
a
n
d
th
eir
zo
o
m
an
d
v
e
r
if
ies
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
en
v
el
o
p
e
f
o
r
o
n
e
r
o
t
o
r
b
r
o
k
e
n
b
ar
.
T
h
e
b
r
o
k
en
o
f
two
b
ar
s
is
ap
p
lied
at
t
=
2
s
.
W
e
r
em
ar
k
,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
in
s
p
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
an
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
r
o
to
r
f
au
lts
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
3
N.
m
to
4
N.
m
as
a
s
ec
o
n
d
r
o
to
r
b
ar
f
au
lt is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
3
.
4
.
4
.
T
a
k
a
g
i
–
Su
g
eno
mo
dels
o
f
I
M
wit
h r
o
t
o
r
f
a
ult
Fo
llo
win
g
to
(
1
4
)
,
we
n
o
tice
t
h
at
th
e
m
atr
ices
B
an
d
C
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
tato
r
f
au
lt
u
s
in
g
T
S
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
wh
er
e,
th
e
m
at
r
ix
s
tate
A
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
n
ly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
:
z
(
t)
=
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ices o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
g
iv
en
as:
1
=
[
−
(
[
]
+
[
]
)
.
−
1
−
.
(
2
)
(
[
]
.
−
1
−
.
(
2
)
)
.
−
1
[
]
−
[
]
.
−
1
]
2
=
[
−
(
[
]
+
[
]
)
.
−
1
−
.
(
2
)
(
[
]
.
−
1
−
.
(
2
)
)
.
−
1
[
]
−
[
]
.
−
1
]
1
=
2
=
,
1
=
2
=
3
.
4
.
5
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
ba
s
ed
o
n T
S m
o
dels
Fig
u
r
e
8
r
ep
r
esen
ts
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
,
th
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
,
r
ea
l sp
ee
d
,
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t in
T
S
f
o
r
m
with
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
o
t
o
r
f
au
lts
.
At
in
t
=
1
s
an
d
at
t
=
2
s
,
o
n
e
b
a
r
b
r
ea
k
s
an
d
two
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
o
k
ed
in
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
ed
o
s
cillatio
n
s
wer
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
wh
en
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
r
o
k
e
n
b
ar
s
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
,
s
p
ee
d
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
q
u
an
titi
es
co
n
v
er
g
e
to
war
d
s
th
eir
r
ea
l
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
o
s
cillatio
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
es f
u
r
th
er
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
au
lt sev
er
ity
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sp
ee
d
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
ts
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
o
to
r
b
r
o
k
en
b
ar
s
u
n
d
e
r
lo
ad
Tr
=
3
.
5
N.
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.