I
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Appl
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I
SS
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2252
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v
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pp
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361
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wire
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s c
h
a
rg
in
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sy
ste
m
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
lectr
ic
v
eh
icle
Fer
r
ite
m
ater
ials
Ma
g
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
R
eso
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an
t f
r
eq
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cy
W
ir
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s
p
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f
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T
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is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
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se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
ah
im
i Bah
ar
o
m
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
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in
g
,
Un
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s
iti T
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n
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lo
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A
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4
0
4
5
0
Sh
ah
Alam
,
Selan
g
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: r
ah
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i6
5
7
9
@
g
m
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ir
eles
s
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
(
W
PT)
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
em
e
r
g
ed
as
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
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tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
elec
tr
ic
-
v
eh
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(
E
V)
ch
ar
g
in
g
,
o
f
f
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in
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n
h
an
ce
d
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
,
s
af
ety
,
a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
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co
m
p
ar
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d
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
lu
g
-
in
c
h
ar
g
er
s
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
As
E
Vs
an
d
lig
h
t
elec
t
r
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
p
latf
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m
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
elec
tr
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b
ik
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(E
-
b
ik
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g
ain
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l
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b
al
tr
ac
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,
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
ac
t,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
co
n
tactless
ch
ar
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in
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s
o
lu
tio
n
s
h
as b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
cr
itical
[
4
]
-
[
6
]
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
s
u
ch
as
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n
ec
to
r
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u
s
er
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d
er
wet
o
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c
o
n
t
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ated
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d
itio
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s
[
1
]
.
W
PT
elim
in
ates
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s
b
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en
ab
lin
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in
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s
u
s
tain
ab
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u
r
b
an
m
o
b
ilit
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[
7
]
.
Fer
r
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ater
ials
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
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y
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g
h
m
ag
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en
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h
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m
ag
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ield
co
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in
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t
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g
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f
icien
c
y
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
I
n
teg
r
ati
n
g
f
e
r
r
ite
in
to
W
PT
s
tr
u
ctu
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ig
n
if
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tly
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d
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tio
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,
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d
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u
ce
s
elec
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o
m
ag
n
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in
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f
er
en
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e,
lead
in
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
in
d
u
ctiv
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p
o
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-
tr
a
n
s
f
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(
I
PT)
p
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in
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le,
wh
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e
a
n
alter
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g
cu
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r
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in
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r
ec
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co
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v
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m
u
tu
al
co
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p
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g
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
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o
f
I
P
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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362
s
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s
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d
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s
h
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v
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o
n
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p
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f
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etwe
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d
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f
f
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p
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,
p
ar
ticu
lar
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in
co
m
p
ac
t sy
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as E
-
b
ik
e
c
h
ar
g
er
s
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
co
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ce
p
ts
o
f
in
d
u
ctiv
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,
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eso
n
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t
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d
ca
p
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p
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o
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wir
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ch
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esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
3
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
d
u
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e
c
o
u
p
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elies
o
n
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
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in
d
u
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b
etwe
en
two
c
o
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id
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f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
a
n
g
e
s
tatic
ch
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g
in
g
.
R
eso
n
an
t
in
d
u
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e
co
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p
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g
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p
lo
y
s
tu
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ed
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C
n
etwo
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eq
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to
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f
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p
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s
p
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if
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lo
w
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p
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ap
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s
[
1
8
]
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[
2
0
]
.
A
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r
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o
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i
m
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d
m
i
s
a
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i
c
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c
o
r
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
[
2
1
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
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ies
h
av
e
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i
v
ely
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p
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W
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co
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etr
ies
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c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
cir
cu
its
to
m
ax
im
ize
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
m
o
s
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
h
av
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
g
eo
m
etr
ical
an
d
elec
tr
ical
d
esi
g
n
,
n
e
g
lectin
g
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
n
o
v
er
all
tr
an
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
e
r
r
ite
m
ater
ials
,
th
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
i
n
s
tatio
n
ar
y
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
s
[
2
4
]
,
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
er
-
in
v
esti
g
ated
f
o
r
s
m
all
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s
ca
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E
-
b
ik
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a
p
p
licatio
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s
,
w
h
er
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p
o
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an
d
s
ize
c
o
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s
tr
ain
ts
r
eq
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p
r
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is
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f
iel
d
s
h
ap
in
g
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
r
ec
en
t
b
r
ea
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
in
E
V
b
atter
y
m
o
d
eli
n
g
,
elec
tr
o
-
th
e
r
m
al
m
an
ag
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m
en
t,
an
d
ar
tific
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in
tellig
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b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
v
id
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v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
t
s
ap
p
licab
le
to
W
PT
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
Xie
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
h
ig
h
-
f
id
elity
o
n
li
n
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
h
y
s
ics
f
ield
an
aly
s
is
in
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
s
,
wh
ile
Sar
v
estan
i
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
en
h
an
ce
d
th
er
m
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
n
a
n
o
-
en
h
an
ce
d
p
h
ase
-
ch
an
g
e
m
ater
ials
.
Mo
h
ap
atr
a
an
d
Mo
h
ar
an
a
[
2
7
]
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
d
etai
led
n
u
m
er
ical
s
tu
d
y
o
f
liq
u
id
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co
o
led
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
m
o
d
u
les,
em
p
h
asizin
g
h
o
w
ef
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icien
t
h
ea
t
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f
lo
w
c
h
an
n
e
ls
im
p
r
o
v
e
en
er
g
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
Ma
d
an
i
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
r
ev
iewe
d
A
I
-
d
r
iv
e
n
d
ig
ital
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twin
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
in
tellig
en
t b
atter
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t,
Fan
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
h
y
b
r
id
SS
A
-
E
L
M
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
lith
iu
m
-
io
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tate
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of
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h
ea
lth
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
,
an
d
Sh
ab
ee
r
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
elec
tr
o
ly
te
-
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
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o
p
tim
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n
f
o
r
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m
in
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m
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air
b
atter
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C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
h
ig
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t
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
m
ate
r
ial
in
n
o
v
atio
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,
m
u
ltip
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ics
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o
d
eli
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g
,
an
d
in
tellig
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t
co
n
tr
o
l,
f
o
u
n
d
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al
p
r
in
cip
les
th
at
ca
n
s
im
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en
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esig
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f
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tem
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th
r
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g
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im
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ag
n
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al
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.
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ap
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ies,
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is
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aly
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h
e
im
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ac
t
o
f
f
er
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m
ater
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o
n
th
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ef
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icien
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o
f
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tili
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p
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ter
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latio
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Stu
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o
r
3
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e
lectr
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ag
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im
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Sp
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ically
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Per
f
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Ma
ter
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er
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m
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o
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B
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tifie
s
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im
p
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f
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r
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tab
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r
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in
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etailed
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p
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a
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d
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ass
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co
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f
ig
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s
;
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n
co
r
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m
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s
p
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m
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m
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e
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;
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iii)
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f
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in
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T
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o
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.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
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m
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et
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T
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W
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T
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r
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2
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T
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1
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ater
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Ma
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ig
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ed
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s
in
g
m
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u
f
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r
e
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r
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er
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[
3
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]
.
2
.
2
.
M
esh
ing
a
nd
g
rid inde
p
endence
s
t
u
d
y
T
h
e
m
esh
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
2
0
2
4
with
a
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
tetr
ah
ed
r
al
m
esh
.
Ad
ap
tiv
e
r
e
f
in
em
en
t
w
as
ap
p
lied
n
ea
r
t
h
e
co
il
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
f
e
r
r
ite
in
ter
f
ac
es,
wh
er
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
g
r
ad
ien
ts
ar
e
h
i
g
h
est.
T
h
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
m
esh
s
ize
was
s
et
to
0
.
5
m
m
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
c
o
n
d
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r
s
an
d
1
.
0
m
m
with
in
th
e
f
er
r
ite
lay
er
s
,
wh
ile
c
o
ar
s
er
elem
en
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
air
r
eg
io
n
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
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m
p
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tatio
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tim
e.
A
m
esh
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in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
s
tu
d
y
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
r
e
f
in
in
g
th
e
g
r
id
u
n
til
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
co
u
p
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
k
)
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
(
η
)
b
etwe
en
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
was
b
elo
w
1
%.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
m
esh
co
n
tain
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
.
2
m
illi
o
n
ele
m
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
with
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
s
im
u
latio
n
tim
e.
T
h
e
y
⁺
v
al
u
e
was
m
ain
tain
ed
b
etwe
en
1
a
n
d
3
,
wh
ich
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
lo
s
s
es.
B
o
th
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
an
d
S
-
p
ar
am
ete
r
v
ar
iatio
n
s
co
n
v
er
g
ed
b
elo
w
1
0
⁻³,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
n
u
m
er
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Valid
atio
n
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
an
aly
tical
m
u
tu
a
l
-
in
d
u
ctan
ce
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wed
less
th
an
2
.
5
%
d
ev
iatio
n
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
m
esh
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
was r
eliab
le
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
r
o
b
u
s
t.
2
.
3
.
B
o
un
da
ry
co
nd
it
io
ns
a
nd
s
o
lv
er
s
et
up
All
s
im
u
latio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
i
te
2
0
2
4
,
wh
er
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
s
o
lv
e
r
s
ettin
g
s
wer
e
ap
p
lied
to
ac
cu
r
ately
m
o
d
el
th
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
.
Per
f
ec
t
ly
Ma
tch
ed
L
ay
er
s
(
PML
)
wer
e
u
s
ed
o
n
all
o
u
ter
f
ac
es
o
f
th
e
d
o
m
ain
to
em
u
la
te
o
p
en
-
s
p
ac
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
r
e
f
lectio
n
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
wav
es.
T
h
e
T
x
an
d
R
x
co
ils
wer
e
ex
cit
ed
u
s
in
g
d
is
cr
ete
p
o
r
ts
with
a
1
0
0
W
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
in
p
u
t,
a
n
d
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
was
s
wep
t
f
r
o
m
3
0
k
Hz
to
5
0
k
Hz
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
o
th
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
o
lv
er
was
s
elec
ted
to
an
al
y
ze
tim
e
-
v
a
r
y
in
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
d
o
m
ain
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
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ce
s
s
in
g
to
ex
tr
ac
t
k
e
y
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
s
u
ch
as
S₁₁,
S₂₁,
m
ag
n
etic
f
iel
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
s
o
lv
er
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
a
s
tab
ilizatio
n
p
er
io
d
o
f
2
0
c
y
cles
was
ap
p
lied
b
ef
o
r
e
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
er
m
al
b
eh
a
v
io
r
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
C
ST’
s
c
o
u
p
led
-
f
ield
s
o
lv
e
r
,
wh
e
r
e
lo
s
s
y
m
ater
ial
h
ea
tin
g
was
en
ab
led
to
esti
m
ate
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
in
f
er
r
ite
an
d
co
p
p
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
was
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
it
r
em
ain
ed
b
elo
w
4
0
°C
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
af
e
f
o
r
E
-
b
ik
e
ch
ar
g
e
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
etu
p
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
as
s
es
s
m
en
t o
f
th
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2
.
4
.
M
o
del
inp
uts a
nd
o
utpu
t
s
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
in
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
2
0
2
4
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
clea
r
ly
d
e
f
in
ed
in
p
u
ts
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
o
u
tp
u
ts
to
ev
alu
at
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ate
r
ials
o
n
W
PT
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
in
p
u
t
p
a
r
am
eter
s
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
co
il
g
e
o
m
etr
y
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
u
r
n
s
,
wir
e
d
iam
e
ter
,
an
d
i
n
n
er
a
n
d
o
u
ter
r
a
d
i
u
s
)
,
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
ch
as
r
elativ
e
p
e
r
m
ea
b
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
an
air
-
g
a
p
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
2
0
m
m
,
an
d
an
e
x
citatio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
0
–
5
0
k
Hz.
T
h
e
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
s
wer
e
tu
n
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
r
e
s
o
n
an
ce
,
wh
er
e
th
e
o
p
tim
al
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
f
er
r
ite
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
we
r
e
C
s
₁
=
2
4
5
n
F,
C
p
₁
=
2
1
2
n
F,
an
d
C
p
₂
=
2
2
7
n
F.
Fro
m
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
s
ev
er
al
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
o
u
tp
u
ts
wer
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
a
g
n
etic
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
ity
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
co
u
p
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
k
)
,
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ct
an
ce
(
M
)
,
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ef
f
i
cien
cy
(
η
)
,
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
p
o
we
r
(
Pₜ
)
,
an
d
esti
m
ated
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
in
co
p
p
er
a
n
d
f
er
r
ite
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
r
esu
lts
wer
e
f
u
r
th
er
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
an
aly
tical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
r
e
f
lecte
d
im
p
e
d
an
ce
,
an
d
lo
a
d
r
e
s
is
tan
ce
,
en
ab
lin
g
a
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
il
-
o
n
ly
an
d
f
er
r
ite
-
i
n
teg
r
ated
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
s
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t a
ch
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
er
r
ite
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
.
2
.
5
.
Ver
if
ica
t
io
n a
nd
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n
T
o
v
er
if
y
s
im
u
latio
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
b
aselin
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
co
il
-
o
n
ly
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
wer
e
cr
o
s
s
-
ch
ec
k
e
d
with
an
aly
tical
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
u
t
u
al
-
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
m
o
d
el
an
d
v
alid
ated
ag
ain
s
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
W
PT
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
b
e
twee
n
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
th
eo
r
y
was
with
in
2
.
5
%,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
m
o
d
el
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
s
im
u
latio
n
wo
r
k
f
lo
w,
f
r
o
m
g
e
o
m
etr
y
c
r
ea
tio
n
to
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
is
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
t
h
e
f
lo
wch
a
r
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
ic
h
o
u
tlin
es
p
a
r
am
eter
in
itializatio
n
,
m
esh
in
g
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t,
s
o
lv
er
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
all
r
elev
a
n
t
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
a
n
d
th
er
m
al
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ated
,
y
ield
in
g
a
r
eliab
le
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ial
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
W
PT
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
mp
a
ct
o
f fe
r
r
ite
ma
teri
a
ls
o
n
w
ir
ele
s
s
p
o
w
er t
r
a
n
s
fer effic
ie
n
cy
…
(
Wa
n
Mu
h
a
ma
d
H
a
kimi
Wa
n
B
u
n
y
a
min
)
365
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Deta
iled
f
l
o
wch
ar
t f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
W
PT
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
3.
CO
M
P
UT
E
R
S
I
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
ev
alu
at
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
E
-
b
ik
e
b
atter
y
ch
a
r
g
er
s
u
n
d
er
two
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
:
i)
co
il
-
o
n
ly
(
b
aselin
e)
a
n
d
i
i)
co
il
with
f
er
r
it
e
m
ater
ial
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
Simu
lati
o
n
s
wer
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
2
0
2
4
,
le
v
er
ag
in
g
its
T
r
an
s
ien
t
s
o
lv
er
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
d
o
m
ai
n
p
o
s
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
p
r
ec
is
io
n
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
an
a
ly
s
is
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
,
eq
u
iv
al
en
t
m
o
d
elin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
a
n
d
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
il a
n
d
f
e
r
r
ite
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
ig
u
r
e
cl
ar
ity
an
d
lab
elin
g
.
3
.
1
.
Reso
na
nce
co
m
pens
a
t
io
n c
ircuit
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
ef
f
icie
n
t p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
cir
cu
it wa
s
im
p
lem
en
ted
i
n
b
o
th
t
h
e
T
x
a
n
d
R
x
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
.
A
s
er
ies
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
was
u
s
ed
at
th
e
T
x
s
id
e
to
m
in
im
ize
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
wer
an
d
s
tab
ilize
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w,
wh
ile
a
p
ar
allel
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
at
t
h
e
R
x
s
id
e
to
m
a
x
im
ize
r
ec
eiv
e
d
p
o
wer
a
n
d
m
ain
tain
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
l
o
ad
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
to
p
o
lo
g
y
en
ab
l
ed
b
o
th
cir
cu
its
to
r
eso
n
ate
at
th
e
s
am
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
with
m
in
im
al
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
alu
es
wer
e
tu
n
ed
u
s
in
g
C
ST
’
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
wee
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
m
atch
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
ea
c
h
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
co
il
-
o
n
ly
d
esig
n
,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
v
alu
es
wer
e
C
s
₁
=
3
2
0
n
F,
C
p
₁
=
2
6
2
n
F,
an
d
C
p
₂
=
3
0
0
n
F,
wh
ile
t
h
e
f
er
r
ite
-
ass
is
ted
m
o
d
el
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
etu
n
i
n
g
to
C
s
₁
=
2
4
5
n
F,
C
p
₁
=
2
1
2
n
F,
an
d
C
p
₂
=
2
2
7
n
F
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
f
er
r
ite
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
r
e
s
o
n
an
t
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
cir
cu
it,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
in
d
u
ctiv
e,
r
esis
tiv
e,
an
d
m
u
t
u
al
co
u
p
lin
g
elem
e
n
ts
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
co
ils
an
d
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
it
was
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
,
r
ef
lecte
d
im
p
ed
an
ce
,
a
n
d
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
s
h
ar
p
n
ess
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
is
m
atch
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
th
e
f
e
r
r
ite
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
its
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
ac
h
iev
in
g
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
36
1
-
3
7
2
366
3
.
2
.
Circ
uit
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
a
nd
f
er
rit
e
inte
g
ra
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
es
6
an
d
7
d
ep
ict
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
in
th
e
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
d
o
m
ain
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
il
-
o
n
ly
s
etu
p
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
co
ils
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
u
s
in
g
s
o
lid
co
p
p
er
co
n
d
u
cto
r
s
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
2
m
m
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
5
.
8
×
1
0
⁷
S/m.
T
h
e
air
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
ils
is
p
r
ec
is
ely
2
0
m
m
,
with
PML
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
d
ef
in
in
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
d
o
m
ain
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
il
-
with
-
f
er
r
ite
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
w
h
er
e
5
m
m
-
th
ick
f
er
r
ite
p
lat
es
(
L
air
d
3
3
P2
0
9
8
-
0
M0
)
ar
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
b
e
n
ea
th
ea
c
h
c
o
il.
T
h
e
f
er
r
ite
p
lates
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
B
-
f
i
eld
d
en
s
ity
in
C
ST
f
ield
p
lo
t
s
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
r
ess
b
ac
k
war
d
r
a
d
iatio
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
f
er
r
ite’
s
p
lace
m
en
t
was
o
p
tim
ized
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
ST’
s
f
ield
-
p
r
o
b
e
s
ca
n
n
in
g
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est ef
f
icien
c
y
with
o
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
er
m
al
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
.
C
1
L
1
R
1
L
2
R
2
R
g
R
O
C
2
V
g
M
i
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it f
o
r
th
e
co
u
p
led
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sch
em
atic
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t in
d
u
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
wi
th
co
il
o
n
ly
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sch
em
atic
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t in
d
u
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
wi
th
co
il a
n
d
f
er
r
ite
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
3
.
3
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
WP
T
c
ircuit
in CST
Stu
dio
Su
it
e
T
h
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
was
m
o
d
e
led
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
2
0
2
4
,
w
h
er
e
two
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
an
aly
z
e
d
:
i)
co
il
-
o
n
ly
an
d
ii)
co
il
with
f
er
r
ite
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
c
o
ils
wer
e
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
s
p
ir
al
co
p
p
er
win
d
in
g
s
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
co
a
x
ially
to
s
im
u
late
p
r
ac
t
ical
E
-
b
ik
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
co
il
-
o
n
ly
m
o
d
el
(
Fig
u
r
e
8
)
,
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
s
r
ev
ea
led
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ag
n
etic
f
l
u
x
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
a
n
d
later
al
leak
a
g
e,
in
d
icatin
g
lim
ited
c
o
u
p
lin
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
e
n
er
g
y
tr
an
s
f
e
r
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
s
er
v
e
d
as
th
e
b
aselin
e
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
lim
itatio
n
,
a
f
er
r
ite
-
ass
is
ted
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
wh
er
e
L
air
d
3
3
P2
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ield
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ed
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
-
8
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367
Fig
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ly
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ig
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ed
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ase
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Fig
u
r
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.
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3
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m
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o
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t
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s
y
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tem
with
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RE
SU
L
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S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
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N
T
h
is
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tio
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m
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ativ
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im
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ater
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ield
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t
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d
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u
r
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ity
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4
.
1
.
M
a
g
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ield dis
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T
h
e
m
ag
n
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ield
in
ten
s
ity
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lo
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s
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ate
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ate
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ly
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ig
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Fig
u
r
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1
0
)
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ield
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itter
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.
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h
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icate
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b
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asy
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ir
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ce
n
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with
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n
e.
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.
2
.
E
f
f
iciency
a
na
l
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s
is
T
h
e
W
PT
ef
f
icien
c
y
was
e
v
alu
ated
ac
r
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s
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th
e
3
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k
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r
eq
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en
c
y
r
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g
e
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o
r
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n
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ig
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r
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n
s
.
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h
e
ef
f
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cu
r
v
e
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o
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th
e
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o
il
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o
n
ly
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ig
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Fig
u
r
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1
2
)
s
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f
9
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.
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n
co
n
t
r
ast,
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e
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te
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n
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ig
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r
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1
3
)
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im
p
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s
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er
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d
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er
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g
.
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h
e
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lates
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e
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u
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al
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(
M
)
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n
h
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ield
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ter
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it is
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ically
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r
g
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t g
en
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Fig
u
r
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1
0
.
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ield
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tio
n
o
f
co
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ly
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n
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ig
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r
atio
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Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Ma
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n
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ield
d
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tr
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u
tio
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in
c
o
il with
f
er
r
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f
ig
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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2
2
5
2
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8
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2
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u
r
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1
2
.
E
f
f
icien
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o
f
W
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s
y
s
tem
with
co
il o
n
ly
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
E
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
with
co
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n
d
f
er
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c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
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n
4
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
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dis
cus
s
io
n
a
nd
lite
ra
t
ure
benchm
a
r
k
ing
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
f
e
r
r
ite
m
ater
ials
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
th
m
ag
n
etic
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f
ield
c
o
n
f
in
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
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tr
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s
f
er
ef
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icien
c
y
.
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e
o
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s
er
v
ed
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y
en
h
a
n
ce
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en
t
(
f
r
o
m
9
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to
9
9
.
2
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alig
n
s
well
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r
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ies
th
at
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ted
s
im
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ain
s
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e
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V
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ic
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h
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g
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y
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tem
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
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Kim
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
o
b
s
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ar
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le
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s
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t
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ile
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a
l.
[
1
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]
an
d
Yad
av
an
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B
er
a
[
9
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d
em
o
n
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tr
ated
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at
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ick
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ess
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ilit
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.
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tin
g
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r
e,
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en
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o
c
u
s
ed
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
E
-
b
i
k
e
ch
ar
g
er
s
,
a
s
eg
m
en
t
wh
er
e
f
er
r
ite
in
teg
r
atio
n
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
ex
te
n
s
iv
ely
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
R
am
ak
r
is
h
n
an
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
,
wh
o
em
p
h
asized
th
at
m
ag
n
etic
s
h
ield
in
g
m
ater
ials
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
tab
le
ef
f
icie
n
cy
u
n
d
er
alig
n
m
en
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
s
m
all
b
u
t
co
n
s
is
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
ea
k
ef
f
icien
cy
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
with
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
,
wh
ich
co
r
r
elate
s
f
er
r
ite
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
(
μ
r
)
with
h
ig
h
er
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
(
M
)
an
d
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
(
Q
).
Ov
er
all,
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
C
ST
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
a
n
aly
tica
l
v
alid
atio
n
co
n
f
i
r
m
s
th
at
f
e
r
r
ite
-
ass
is
ted
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
an
d
r
elia
b
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
r
eso
n
an
ce
p
r
ec
is
io
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
lo
wer
r
ea
ctiv
e
lo
s
s
es,
g
r
ea
ter
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
o
p
e
r
atio
n
f
o
r
p
r
a
c
tical
E
-
b
ik
e
b
atter
y
-
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
als
o
estab
lis
h
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
aim
ed
at
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
,
th
er
m
al
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
f
er
r
ite
g
eo
m
etr
ies f
o
r
co
m
p
ac
t w
ir
ele
s
s
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
5.
M
AT
H
E
M
AT
I
CA
L
M
O
D
E
L
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ials
an
d
c
o
il
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
th
e
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
,
r
eso
n
a
n
t
cir
cu
its
,
an
d
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ials
.
5
.
1
.
I
nd
uct
iv
e
co
up
lin
g
a
nd
m
utua
l indu
ct
a
nce
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
r
i
n
cip
le
o
f
W
PT
r
elies
o
n
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
c
o
il
T
x
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
c
o
il
R
x
.
T
h
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
M
b
etwe
en
two
co
i
ls
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
)
.
=
√
1
2
(
1
)
T
h
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
eq
u
atio
n
u
tili
ze
s
th
r
ee
k
ey
v
ar
iab
les:
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
k
)
,
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
co
il'
s
in
d
u
ctan
ce
(
1
)
,
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
co
il'
s
in
d
u
ctan
ce
(
2
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
mp
a
ct
o
f fe
r
r
ite
ma
teri
a
ls
o
n
w
ir
ele
s
s
p
o
w
er t
r
a
n
s
fer effic
ie
n
cy
…
(
Wa
n
Mu
h
a
ma
d
H
a
kimi
Wa
n
B
u
n
y
a
min
)
369
5
.
2
.
Reso
na
nt
f
re
qu
ency
Fo
r
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
,
b
o
th
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
cir
cu
its
ar
e
tu
n
e
d
to
th
e
s
am
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
(
0
)
.
T
h
e
0
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
L
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
C
in
th
e
cir
cu
it
as in
(
2
)
.
0
=
1
/
(
2
√
)
(
2
)
5
.
3
.
I
m
peda
nce
a
nd
qu
a
lity
f
a
ct
o
r
T
h
e
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
Z
o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t c
ir
cu
it a
t r
eso
n
an
ce
is
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
r
esis
tiv
e
an
d
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
3
)
.
=
+
(
−
1
/
)
(
3
)
At
r
eso
n
an
ce
,
=
1
/
,
h
en
ce
th
e
im
ag
in
ar
y
p
ar
ts
ca
n
ce
l
o
u
t
,
an
d
th
e
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
is
p
u
r
ely
r
esis
tiv
e.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
Q
o
f
th
e
c
o
il,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
co
il,
is
d
ef
in
e
d
as
(
4
)
.
=
/
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
=
2
0
.
Fer
r
ite
m
ater
ials
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
L
,
wh
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
Q
,
th
u
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
i
cien
cy
in
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
.
5
.
4
.
P
o
wer
t
ra
ns
f
er
ef
f
icienc
y
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
η
o
f
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
er
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
c
o
ils
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
lo
a
d
r
esis
tan
ce
RL
an
d
th
e
r
e
f
lecte
d
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
co
il
a
s
in
(
5
)
.
=
/
(
+
)
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
r
ef
lecte
d
im
p
ed
an
c
e
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
6
)
.
=
(
2
2
)/
RL
(
6
)
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
th
ese,
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
η
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as
(
7
)
.
η
=
RL
/(
RL
+(
2
2
)/
RL
)
=(
2
)
/(
2
+
2
2
)
(
7
)
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ate
r
ials
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
M
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
r
ef
lecte
d
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
5
.
5
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
f
er
rit
e
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
Fer
r
ite
m
ater
ials
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
L
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
ctan
c
e
o
f
a
c
o
il
with
f
er
r
ite
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
ted
as
(
8
)
.
=
μ
r
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
μ
r
is
th
e
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
er
r
ite
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
:
=
√
1
2
(
9
)
T
h
e
n
ew
co
u
p
lin
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
with
f
er
r
ite,
,
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
co
ils
with
f
er
r
ite,
1
an
d
2
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
5
.
6
.
M
o
dified
ef
f
iciency
wit
h f
er
rit
e
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
m
u
tu
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
in
to
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
eq
u
atio
n
as (
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
.
=
(
2
)
/
(
2
+
2
2
)
=(
2
)
/
(
2
+
2
(
(
√
μ
1
μ
2
)
)
2
)
(
1
0
)
Simp
lify
in
g
,
s
h
o
ws as (
1
1
)
.
η
=
(
2
)
/(
2
+
2
2
2
1
2
)
(
1
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
6
:
36
1
-
3
7
2
370
T
h
is
(
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
W
PT
s
y
s
t
em
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ials
,
wh
ich
en
h
an
ce
th
e
m
u
tu
al
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
(
μ
r
)
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
at
er
ials
p
lay
s
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
o
p
tim
izin
g
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
is
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
a
ter
ials
[
3
3
]
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
in
d
u
ctiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
,
r
eso
n
a
n
t
cir
cu
its
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
f
e
r
r
ite
m
ater
ials
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
ess
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
e
f
f
icien
t
W
PT.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
E
-
b
ik
e
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
er
s
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ated
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ials
o
n
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
a
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Stu
d
io
Su
ite
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
co
il
-
o
n
ly
an
d
f
er
r
ite
-
ass
is
ted
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
in
teg
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