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m
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p
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s
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w
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m
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f
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m
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s
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d
tr
a
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s
m
is
s
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m
a
n
d
ates
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al
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u
s
,
n
e
w
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s
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an
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in
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131
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n
s
(
B
Ss
)
u
s
i
n
g
s
e
v
er
al
ex
is
t
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
p
r
esen
ts
t
w
o
n
e
w
o
n
es.
R
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
b
ea
t
all
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
m
o
d
el
s
,
es
p
ec
iall
y
i
n
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
f
r
o
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
ce
p
tio
n
to
th
e
d
e
m
i
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
las
t
n
o
d
e
(
L
ND)
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
al
y
z
es
t
h
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
W
SNs
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
ty
p
es.
I
n
th
i
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
a
C
H
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
'
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
b
y
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
s
en
s
i
n
g
d
ata
to
t
h
e
b
ase
s
ta
tio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
lo
ca
ted
eit
h
er
i
n
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
r
at
o
n
e
o
f
its
co
r
n
er
s
[
1
]
-
[
5
]
.
A
k
e
y
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
W
SNs
is
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
to
th
e
s
in
k
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
s
u
c
h
W
SNs
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
u
p
o
n
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
en
s
o
r
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e,
an
d
th
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
cr
o
s
s
in
g
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
o
m
iti
g
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
c
h
as
n
o
d
e
f
ail
u
r
e,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
cr
is
e
s
,
en
er
g
y
s
h
o
r
tag
es
,
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
,
an
d
d
ela
y
s
,
to
p
o
lo
g
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
ess
e
n
tial.
As
a
r
esu
l
t,
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
ess
e
n
tial
to
m
a
x
i
m
izi
n
g
n
et
wo
r
k
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
On
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
th
at
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
s
h
o
w
w
ell
W
SN
o
p
er
ate
is
en
er
g
y
u
s
a
g
e.
Data
f
r
o
m
all
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
is
g
a
th
er
ed
an
d
r
elay
ed
to
th
e
b
as
e
s
tatio
n
b
y
clu
s
ter
lead
er
s
,
p
ick
ed
at
r
eg
u
lar
in
ter
v
als
u
s
i
n
g
d
esi
g
n
ated
clu
s
ter
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
a
n
d
en
d
-
u
s
er
s
th
e
n
u
s
e
th
i
s
co
llected
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
A
p
r
o
b
ab
le
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
er
e
r
ea
ctiv
ated
to
ex
ten
d
t
h
e
ir
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
r
esid
u
e
E
L
n
o
d
e
(
I
MP
-
R
E
S
-
EL
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
n
o
d
es
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
eir
in
itial e
n
er
g
y
lev
el
s
[
6
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
h
as
s
u
p
er
io
r
r
esil
ien
ce
in
m
a
n
ag
in
g
t
h
e
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
o
f
r
e
f
in
ed
n
o
d
es
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
lo
w
-
en
er
g
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
h
ier
ar
ch
y
(
L
E
AC
H
)
.
W
SNs
g
ar
n
er
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
ter
est
i
n
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
in
d
u
s
t
r
ial
an
d
r
esid
en
tial
ap
p
licat
io
n
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
eith
er
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
o
r
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
to
co
llect
in
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
W
SNs
ar
e
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
it
h
s
el
f
-
p
o
w
er
ed
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
b
ec
au
s
e
to
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
in
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
icall
y
cr
u
cial
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
Su
c
h
n
o
d
es
m
u
s
t
f
ac
ilit
ate
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
c
y
to
en
h
an
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
l
if
esp
a
n
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
C
H
i
s
a
cr
itical
p
h
ase
in
a
W
SNs
d
esig
n
,
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
ai
m
ed
at
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
ex
ec
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
an
en
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
icien
t
clu
s
ter
in
g
h
ier
ar
ch
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
W
SNs
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
m
ea
n
t
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
L
E
AC
H
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
C
H
n
o
d
es
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
h
e
n
ce
b
alan
ci
n
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
c
lu
s
ter
n
o
d
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ex
ac
t
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es
d
esig
n
ated
as
CH
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
l
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
ed
h
u
m
a
n
s
o
ciet
y
i
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
s
,
e
n
ter
tai
n
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
o
th
er
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
is
s
u
es
ar
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
r
eso
lv
e
b
y
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ex
h
ib
it
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
b
in
d
in
g
s
,
p
ar
tial
p
r
ed
ictab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tab
ili
t
y
w
it
h
i
n
r
estricte
d
ti
m
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
A
m
u
lt
itu
d
e
o
f
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
w
it
h
th
e
L
E
A
C
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
an
d
th
e
s
tab
le
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
SEP
)
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
er
v
in
g
as
p
r
i
m
e
ex
a
m
p
les;
n
o
n
et
h
el
ess
,
ce
r
tain
r
estric
tio
n
s
p
er
s
i
s
t.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
t
s
a
n
o
v
el
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
en
h
a
n
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
d
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
h
en
ce
au
g
m
en
t
in
g
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
's ab
ilit
y
to
id
en
t
if
y
o
p
ti
m
al
C
H
a
m
o
n
g
n
o
d
es in
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
to
L
E
A
C
H
a
n
d
[
21
]
-
[2
5
].
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
W
SNs
m
a
y
b
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
o
n
an
ad
-
h
o
c
b
asis
,
co
n
s
is
t
in
g
o
f
an
ad
eq
u
ate
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
esi
g
n
asp
ec
t
s
ass
es
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
clu
s
te
r
in
g
ar
e
clu
s
t
er
s
ize,
in
tr
ac
lu
s
ter
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
an
d
C
H
m
o
v
e
m
en
t,
s
en
s
o
r
d
iv
er
s
it
y
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
,
m
u
ltip
le
le
v
els,
an
d
o
v
er
lap
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
clu
s
t
er
in
g
e
n
co
m
p
as
s
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
,
r
o
tatio
n
o
f
C
H
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
i
liti
es,
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
ac
c
e
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
la
y
er
,
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
d
u
t
y
c
y
cles,
o
p
ti
m
al
clu
s
ter
s
iz
in
g
,
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
d
at
a
am
a
s
s
ed
in
t
h
e
C
H
i
s
r
ef
r
es
h
ed
w
it
h
ev
er
y
tr
an
s
itio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
d
es.
E
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
i
s
v
er
y
s
en
s
iti
v
e
to
W
SNs
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
lar
g
e
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itial
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Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
clu
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ate
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in
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eter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
0
8
9
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4864
I
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R
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o
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f
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m
b
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Sy
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t
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Vo
l.
1
5
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No
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1
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Ma
r
c
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202
6
:
1
3
0
-
137
132
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
SN
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
n
et
w
o
r
k
g
a
th
er
s
d
i
v
er
s
e
d
ata
t
y
p
es,
n
ec
es
s
itati
n
g
d
is
ti
n
ct
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
A
ll
d
ata
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
at
th
e
ed
g
e
o
r
in
th
e
clo
u
d
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
b
o
o
k
in
g
o
f
ass
et
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
ass
et
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
d
eli
m
ited
b
y
ta
s
k
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
ed
g
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
n
s
u
cc
es
s
iv
e
l
y
m
ee
t
th
ese
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
it
d
etec
ts
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
clo
u
d
ass
et
s
an
d
allo
w
s
th
e
ir
u
ti
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n
b
y
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
.
Di
s
tr
ib
u
ted
co
m
p
u
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
te
g
r
ated
i
n
to
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g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
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g
w
it
h
i
n
I
oT
n
et
w
o
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k
s
as
a
co
m
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o
n
e
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t
o
f
a
co
m
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lete
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s
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et
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la
n
n
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tr
at
eg
y
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P
lan
n
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n
g
n
ee
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s
to
ta
k
e
s
ca
lab
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y
a
n
d
ass
e
t
elasticit
y
in
to
ac
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u
n
t.
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h
e
n
ass
et
s
in
t
h
e
clo
u
d
ar
e
s
p
r
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d
o
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er
e
d
g
e
n
et
w
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k
s
,
t
h
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lab
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d
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le
x
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ilit
y
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e
tr
an
s
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o
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m
ed
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as
th
e
m
aj
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
s
e
ass
e
ts
a
r
e
eith
er
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ir
tu
al
o
r
p
h
y
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ical.
T
h
e
ed
g
e
m
u
s
t
ta
k
e
th
ese
cr
i
ter
ia
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
w
h
en
allo
ca
ti
n
g
as
s
ets
f
o
r
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
b
ec
au
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
a
v
e
d
is
ti
n
ct
ass
et
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
if
f
er
en
t r
e
g
is
tr
atio
n
ass
e
t
s
.
W
SNs
in
cl
u
d
e
s
m
a
ll,
b
atter
y
-
o
p
er
ated
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
it
h
li
m
ited
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
wo
r
k
is
th
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
u
s
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g
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
f
o
r
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es,
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
b
atter
y
li
f
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es a
r
e
o
f
te
n
i
n
a
cc
ess
ib
le
to
t
h
e
u
s
er
;
h
e
n
ce
,
r
ep
lacin
g
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
r
b
atter
y
is
i
m
p
r
ac
tic
al.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
i
s
a
p
r
im
ar
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d
esi
g
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
th
e
l
i
f
esp
a
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
T
o
p
r
o
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
li
f
esp
an
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es,
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
r
o
u
te
d
esi
g
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
ts
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ts
a
n
ex
ten
d
ed
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
t
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
W
SNs
.
A
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
m
an
y
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
clu
s
ter
in
g
-
b
ased
s
tr
ate
g
ies
ai
m
ed
at
en
h
an
ci
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
n
g
ev
i
t
y
,
w
it
h
a
p
r
im
ar
y
e
m
p
h
asi
s
o
n
th
e
L
E
AC
H
an
d
h
y
b
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id
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er
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y
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ef
f
icie
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
cl
u
s
ter
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n
g
(
HE
E
D
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
ar
e
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
ized
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
a
g
e
an
d
t
h
e
ex
te
n
d
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
lif
esp
a
n
.
W
SNs
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
en
ab
li
n
g
a
s
t
u
te
r
eso
u
r
c
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
a
cr
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
W
SNs
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
es.
S
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
u
s
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
to
e
n
h
a
n
ce
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
elec
tr
icit
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
e
m
p
lo
y
s
W
SN
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
b
o
ls
ter
g
r
id
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
W
SN
I
n
v
er
ter
s
co
n
v
er
t
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
elec
tr
icit
y
f
r
o
m
b
atter
ies
to
alter
n
atin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
A
C
)
to
ac
ce
ler
ate
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
v
eh
icle
s
p
ee
d
an
d
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
an
d
to
r
q
u
e.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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R
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f
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133
m
o
d
u
latio
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(
P
W
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ap
p
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h
is
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s
ed
to
ad
j
u
s
t
th
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o
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tp
u
t
f
r
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u
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c
y
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f
th
e
in
v
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ter
s
,
w
h
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ch
an
g
e
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
s
o
ar
e
to
b
e
h
ig
h
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y
e
f
f
icie
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t
an
d
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eliab
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n
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ter
s
ar
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te
m
a
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d
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i
m
p
o
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tan
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f
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to
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ter
m
s
o
f
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er
all
s
y
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te
m
d
ep
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d
ab
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d
o
p
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atio
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.
W
av
ef
o
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m
s
o
f
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q
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w
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q
u
asi
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e
w
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v
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s
,
m
o
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s
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w
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s
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o
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p
u
r
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s
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w
a
v
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s
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
t
h
e
AC
o
u
tp
u
t
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
.
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h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
o
u
tp
u
t
k
i
n
d
s
,
p
u
r
e
s
in
e
w
a
v
e
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
f
av
o
r
ed
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
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d
g
r
ea
t
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
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to
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tio
n
(
T
HD)
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t is r
eg
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
d
is
to
r
ted
w
a
v
e.
T
h
e
w
h
o
le
W
SN
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
in
to
h
ex
a
g
o
n
al
cl
u
s
ter
s
.
E
ac
h
clu
s
ter
h
as
a
h
ea
d
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
th
e
h
e
x
a
g
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
h
as
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n
e
x
te
n
s
i
v
e
r
ad
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b
r
o
a
d
ca
s
t
r
an
g
e.
A
C
H
is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
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tr
an
s
m
i
tter
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tin
g
w
it
h
s
ev
er
al
CH
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
C
H
is
o
f
ten
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
tw
ice
th
at
o
f
a
s
en
s
o
r
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
h
e
x
a
g
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
C
H
d
eter
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
ex
te
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
ex
ag
o
n
al
co
v
er
a
g
e.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
f
o
llo
w
s
a
P
o
is
s
o
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
P
ar
tial
P
o
is
s
o
n
s
ca
tter
in
g
m
a
y
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
a
d
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
s
p
ac
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
e
a
n
tic
ip
ate
th
at
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
in
s
id
e
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
w
il
l
co
n
f
o
r
m
to
a
s
p
atial
P
o
is
s
o
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
in
a
o
n
e
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
a
l
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
n
o
d
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ies
th
e
av
er
ag
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
n
o
d
es
t
h
a
t
m
a
y
b
e
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ated
w
it
h
in
a
u
n
it
le
n
g
t
h
.
A
h
i
g
h
er
d
en
s
it
y
a
llo
w
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
m
o
r
e
n
o
d
es.
An
an
al
y
tica
l
m
o
d
el
ex
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
c
lu
s
ter
s
ize
an
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
d
eliv
er
y
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
in
d
icate
d
th
at
s
q
u
ar
e
-
b
ased
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
id
ea
l
in
s
ize
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
ef
f
icie
n
t
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
av
i
n
g
in
W
SNs
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ass
er
ts
th
at
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
s
q
u
ar
e
clu
s
ter
m
o
d
el
m
a
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
ter
-
cl
u
s
ter
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
d
ata
d
eliv
er
y
to
th
e
s
in
k
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ex
a
g
o
n
a
l c
l
u
s
ter
m
o
d
el,
as t
h
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
is
s
m
aller
t
h
a
n
th
at
o
f
t
h
e
h
ex
a
g
o
n
al
cl
u
s
ter
,
r
esu
lt
in
g
i
n
a
g
r
ea
ter
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
q
u
ar
e
m
o
d
el.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
it i
s
s
aid
th
at
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
q
u
ar
e
-
t
y
p
e
clu
s
ter
m
o
d
el
e
n
h
an
ce
s
in
t
er
-
clu
s
ter
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
h
e
x
a
g
o
n
al
clu
s
ter
m
o
d
el
e
x
h
ib
it
s
an
eq
u
al
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
to
th
e
C
H
s
it
u
ated
at
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ce
n
ter
p
o
s
itio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
etu
p
p
h
ase
is
th
e
in
itial
an
d
cr
u
cial
o
p
er
atio
n
in
th
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
d
u
r
in
g
w
h
ic
h
th
e
C
H
is
id
en
ti
f
ied
an
d
cl
u
s
ter
s
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
C
H
n
o
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
p
r
ed
i
ca
ted
o
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
p
r
in
cip
les,
w
h
ich
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
an
i
n
ad
eq
u
ate
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
all
n
o
d
es,
lead
in
g
to
an
i
m
b
alan
c
e
in
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
H
n
o
d
es
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
s
t
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
lev
e
l
s
,
r
es
u
lti
n
g
i
n
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
s
w
h
er
e
a
C
H
n
o
d
e
is
s
elec
ted
d
esp
ite
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
en
er
g
y
,
u
lti
m
ate
l
y
ca
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
e
m
at
u
r
e
an
d
in
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
n
o
d
e
f
ailu
r
e
s
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
t
h
e
W
SN
,
t
h
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
CH
n
o
d
es
w
il
l
b
e
ex
ec
u
te
d
in
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ar
t,
w
e
e
v
alu
a
te
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e.
W
e
ev
alu
ate
o
u
r
s
u
g
g
ested
s
tr
ateg
y
a
g
ai
n
s
t
L
E
AC
H
an
d
HE
E
D.
W
e
d
ev
elo
p
o
u
r
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
it
h
ASP
.
Net.
T
h
e
p
r
em
is
e
s
ar
e
as
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
lif
eti
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
L
E
AC
H
a
n
d
HE
E
D
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
Sp
ec
i
f
ical
l
y
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ea
d
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
1
0
0
s
en
s
o
r
s
o
cc
u
r
s
af
ter
9
4
5
r
o
u
n
d
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
,
s
ig
n
i
f
y
i
n
g
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
an
d
th
er
eb
y
e
x
ten
d
i
n
g
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
's li
f
eti
m
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
a
t
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
a
g
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
y
cles
in
c
lu
s
t
er
in
g
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
s
u
p
er
f
l
u
it
y
i
n
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
i
g
h
t
r
e
s
u
lt
in
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
en
er
g
y
w
aste.
I
n
li
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
is
f
ac
t,
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
d
ata
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
w
er
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
s
t
s
an
d
h
en
ce
en
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
lif
esp
a
n
o
f
th
e
W
SN
.
C
o
m
p
r
es
s
iv
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
(
C
S)
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
i
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
ese
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
e
f
f
icac
y
o
f
C
S
s
tr
ateg
ies
i
n
d
ata
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
th
eir
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
i
n
W
SN
h
a
v
e
g
ar
n
er
ed
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
atten
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
tr
af
f
ic
-
lo
ad
b
alan
ci
n
g
,
an
d
f
a
u
l
t
to
ler
an
ce
,
co
n
f
er
co
m
p
etit
iv
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
to
C
S
-
b
ased
clu
s
t
er
in
g
a
n
d
d
ata
g
at
h
er
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
alter
n
ati
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Utilizi
n
g
th
e
C
S
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
lead
to
a
lar
g
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
o
f
te
m
p
o
r
all
y
an
d
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ica
ll
y
co
r
r
elate
d
d
ata,
h
en
ce
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
o
f
W
SN.
T
h
e
lif
eti
m
e
o
f
a
W
SN
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
r
o
u
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
itiatio
n
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
p
er
atio
n
s
u
n
ti
l
th
e
d
em
is
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
(
FND)
,
w
h
ic
h
is
cr
u
cia
l
f
o
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
v
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
W
SN.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
es a
n
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
's p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
s
u
s
tai
n
i
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
itial
r
o
u
n
d
to
th
e
d
em
i
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
5
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
-
b
ased
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
ased
o
n
cu
c
k
o
o
s
ea
r
ch
(
C
B
H
R
P
-
CS
)
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
ex
ten
d
s
t
h
e
li
f
esp
a
n
o
f
t
h
e
W
SN
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
alter
n
ati
v
e
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
C
B
HR
P
-
C
S
ex
h
ib
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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134
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atter
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u
r
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3
.
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t n
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u
r
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5
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V
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Fu
r
t
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er
m
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f
o
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r
cr
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ar
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is
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a
y
a
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n
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r
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p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
.
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ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
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et
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ee
n
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k
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h
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e,
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o
m
ical
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er
g
y
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s
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l
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o
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d
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tr
ib
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ted
W
SNs
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h
e
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th
o
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s
e
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g
e
s
s
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c
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n
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ailu
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et
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h
e
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et
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ice
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eq
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ir
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e
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ts
w
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th
t
h
e
e
f
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ti
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e
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o
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h
e
s
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g
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e
s
ted
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ce
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r
ates
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th
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d
s
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g
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c
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cr
ea
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e
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en
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g
y
e
f
f
icie
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c
y
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h
i
s
ap
p
r
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h
en
ab
led
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i
m
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v
ed
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eliv
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d
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e
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o
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m
en
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o
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n
o
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leep
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eth
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m
ed
at
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ci
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g
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
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g
e.
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h
is
m
e
th
o
d
e
m
p
lo
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s
b
in
ar
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ar
ticle
s
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ar
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o
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ti
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izati
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clu
s
ter
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as
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s
tatio
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s
ex
h
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s
leep
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e
ch
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i
s
m
h
a
s
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i
m
p
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m
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te
d
f
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r
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ase
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s
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d
o
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o
g
o
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al
s
p
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tr
u
m
s
o
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r
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s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
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ted
to
s
m
aller
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ase
s
tatio
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s
w
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t
h
e
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ter
.
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lt
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o
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g
h
t
h
e
d
ev
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ed
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ea
s
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s
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g
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it
f
ails
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h
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n
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S
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etr
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e
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e
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g
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ted
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et
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it
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s
s
f
u
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x
t
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h
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p
s
elec
tio
n
.
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h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
h
o
p
p
lace
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
o
p
tim
ized
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
n
o
d
e
s
tatu
s
,
an
d
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
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y
to
cr
o
w
d
ed
lin
es
is
av
o
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h
e
ex
p
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im
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n
tal
f
i
n
d
in
g
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i
n
d
icate
th
at
t
h
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s
u
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ested
ap
p
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u
b
s
ta
n
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en
h
a
n
ce
s
n
et
w
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k
lo
n
g
ev
i
t
y
,
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
W
SNs
in
cl
u
d
e
s
m
all,
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atter
y
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p
er
ated
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
it
h
li
m
ited
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
wo
r
k
is
its
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
el
ec
tr
icit
y
.
Util
izatio
n
li
m
i
tatio
n
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o
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s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
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ased
o
n
b
atter
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g
ev
it
y
.
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h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
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ar
e
o
f
ten
in
a
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er
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atter
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ar
y
d
esig
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n
s
i
d
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atio
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th
at
s
ee
k
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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R
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f
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Sy
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4864
E
n
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g
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ith
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f
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g
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y
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et
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ased
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ith
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ized
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u
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ea
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e
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g
y
u
s
ag
e.
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h
e
s
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ted
tech
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iq
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e
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s
u
b
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tan
t
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y
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m
u
latio
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e
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t
w
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s
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h
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ased
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ata
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s
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h
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a
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m
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137
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