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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Desig
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205
Var
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er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
o
r
d
er
ly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ca
r
ef
u
l
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
,
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
m
o
d
i
f
icat
io
n
,
an
d
d
esig
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
cr
e
ate
a
m
i
n
iat
u
r
ized
an
ten
n
a
with
co
n
s
ta
n
t
p
atter
n
r
ad
iatio
n
,
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
,
an
d
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
w
h
i
ch
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
th
e
i
n
t
eg
r
atio
n
o
f
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
e
v
ices
'
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
[
7
]
.
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
te
n
n
a
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
w
id
eb
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Desi
g
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
ar
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
alter
in
g
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
d
esig
n
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
,
an
d
f
ee
d
lin
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
n
ten
n
a
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
a
n
d
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
i
n
g
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
an
ten
n
a
f
ac
il
itates
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
o
f
a
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
w
id
t
h
an
d
len
g
t
h
,
f
ee
d
lin
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
,
an
d
p
atch
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
g
ap
[
9
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
s
atis
f
y
SW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
s
p
an
a
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
as
lo
w
as
2
MH
z
to
a
s
h
i
g
h
as
2
0
GHz
.
T
h
is
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
ca
r
ef
u
l
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
av
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
p
laci
n
g
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
s
tr
ateg
icall
y
a
n
d
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
m
ax
i
m
ize
c
u
r
r
en
t
le
v
els.
T
h
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
w
id
e
n
s
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
b
u
t a
ls
o
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
[
1
0
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
th
e
U
-
Sh
ap
ed
an
te
n
n
a,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
w
e
r
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
A
d
ef
ec
t
iv
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
d
es
ig
n
w
a
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
[1
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
ef
ec
tiv
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
d
if
f
er
s
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
ess
e
n
tiall
y
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
m
u
ltip
l
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
m
o
d
es
t
h
at
o
v
er
l
ap
a
s
p
an
a
w
id
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
i
n
t
eg
r
ates
i
n
te
n
tio
n
al
l
y
lo
ca
ted
ap
er
tu
r
es
w
h
ich
h
elp
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
SW
B
r
an
g
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
ese
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
ac
t
lik
e
a
tu
n
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
w
h
ich
g
iv
e
s
f
i
n
e
tu
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
,
h
en
ce
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
v
er
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
2
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
ize
w
er
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
b
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
p
ti
m
a
l
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t a
n
d
h
av
in
g
a
co
m
p
ac
t a
n
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
a
te
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
lo
w
-
lo
s
s
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
ig
n
al
lo
s
s
an
d
m
a
x
i
m
ize
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate’
s
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
was
ch
o
s
e
n
lo
w
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
SW
B
o
p
er
a
tio
n
,
w
h
ile
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
i
m
p
ac
t
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
’
s
d
es
i
g
n
co
m
p
ac
tn
e
s
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
[
1
4
]
.
Su
b
s
tr
ate
th
ick
n
e
s
s
w
a
s
tak
en
w
it
h
ca
r
e
to
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
lo
w
-
p
r
o
f
ile
an
te
n
n
a
w
h
ile
h
a
v
i
n
g
a
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
m
ater
ial
al
s
o
p
r
o
v
id
es
ea
s
e
o
f
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
w
it
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
in
ted
c
ir
cu
it
b
o
ar
d
(
P
C
B
)
fa
b
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
t
h
u
s
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
m
a
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
u
til
i
za
tio
n
o
f
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
ater
ials
al
s
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
elec
tr
o
n
ics ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
h
as
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
a
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
it
h
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
g
ain
,
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
Ma
i
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
ap
er
tu
r
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
f
ee
d
lin
e
len
g
t
h
,
an
d
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
ar
e
v
ar
ied
co
n
s
i
s
ten
tl
y
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
g
et
a
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
(
3
0
×3
0
m
m
²)
an
ten
n
a
th
at
w
o
u
ld
g
i
v
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
r
ad
iatio
n
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
v
er
th
e
S
W
B
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
[
1
6
]
.
A
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
w
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
o
an
al
y
ze
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
m
u
lti
p
le
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
est
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
t
h
at
i
s
att
ain
ed
s
h
o
w
ca
s
es
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a,
as
s
h
o
w
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
w
h
ich
e
x
h
ib
it
s
m
u
ltip
le
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
p
o
in
ts
w
it
h
a
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
th
a
t i
s
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
-
10
d
B
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
d
esire
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
v
er
s
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
SW
B
b
an
d
b
u
t
also
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
s
tab
le
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
is
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
p
o
r
tab
le
w
ir
eless
d
ev
ice
s
,
an
d
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
h
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
co
m
p
ac
tn
es
s
ar
e
f
o
r
em
o
s
t [
1
8
]
.
2.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
A
ND
ANA
L
YSI
S
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
e
n
h
an
ce
d
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
w
as
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
u
t
ilizi
n
g
s
ec
to
r
-
ac
ce
p
ted
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
m
o
d
ellin
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
lik
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
an
d
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
St
u
d
io
.
T
h
ese
a
p
p
licatio
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s
ar
e
te
s
ted
o
v
er
all
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itio
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w
h
ic
h
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n
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r
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u
r
ac
y
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p
er
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a
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ce
o
f
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te
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n
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o
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SW
B
f
r
eq
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en
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h
e
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te
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n
a
h
ad
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im
p
ed
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ce
m
atc
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w
it
h
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r
etu
r
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s
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h
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d
B
o
v
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th
a
t
in
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ig
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f
icie
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s
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io
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d
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g
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ica
n
t
r
ef
lectio
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g
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al
[
1
9
]
.
R
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le
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h
o
w
s
co
n
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te
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SW
B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2089
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
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ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
6
:
2
0
4
-
213
206
r
an
g
e,
j
u
s
t
if
y
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r
elev
a
n
ce
in
f
ast
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ata
tr
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s
m
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s
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io
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co
m
m
u
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y
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te
m
s
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I
o
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s
y
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te
m
s
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an
d
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ices.
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h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
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l
t
s
ar
e
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er
if
ied
th
a
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th
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t
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n
a
d
esi
g
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le
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er
f
o
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m
a
n
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it
h
a
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h
i
g
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g
ai
n
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d
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m
a
ll si
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n
Fi
g
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r
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1
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u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
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m
etr
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g
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ip
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s
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ad
iatin
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ig
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u
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h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
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ed
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ce
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
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ex
p
la
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s
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h
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
d
esi
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o
f
t
h
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te
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n
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g
h
m
u
ltip
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t
s
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n
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cle
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l
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i
s
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es
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et
w
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n
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
a
n
d
b
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ie
w
s
o
f
t
h
e
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in
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
g
eo
m
etr
ical
m
o
d
if
icati
o
n
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en
ab
le
ef
f
ec
ti
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e
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m
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ed
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ce
m
atc
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n
g
,
s
u
p
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o
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s
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r
f
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w
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v
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an
d
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le
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ad
iatio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
v
er
th
e
w
id
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o
p
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atin
g
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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n
g
e,
th
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u
p
p
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tin
g
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e
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t
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er
atio
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w
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ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
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n
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
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e
i
n
itial
r
ef
er
en
ce
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
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atch
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te
n
n
a
w
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ll
g
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n
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ed
as
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e
d
esi
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Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
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p
r
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a
m
o
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f
ied
p
atch
w
it
h
a
s
te
m
e
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ten
s
io
n
to
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m
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r
o
v
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
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d
i
m
p
ed
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ce
m
atc
h
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n
g
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
c)
illu
s
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ates
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
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lan
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tr
u
n
ca
tio
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to
en
h
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n
ce
b
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d
w
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h
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d
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ce
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r
f
ac
e
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e
lo
s
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e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
s
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e
f
in
al
o
p
t
i
m
ized
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atch
g
eo
m
etr
y
ac
h
iev
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g
i
m
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r
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g
ai
n
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
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n
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y
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Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
e
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d
ep
icts
th
e
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
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f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
h
ig
h
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g
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n
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u
n
ca
ted
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r
o
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n
d
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lan
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Fig
u
r
e
1
(
f
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s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
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n
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ig
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r
atio
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w
it
h
th
e
U
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s
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ap
ed
p
atch
an
d
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ee
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s
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en
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B
o
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atio
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h
e
g
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m
etr
ical
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ar
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eter
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o
f
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te
n
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s
:
(
W
s
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L
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=
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f
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3
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5
,
L
f
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7
,
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1
3
,
W
1
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1
4
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,
W
2
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2
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3
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(
u
n
it:
m
i
lli
m
eter
s
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
b
)
(
e)
(
f
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
g
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m
etr
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f
t
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e
r
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g
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r
ed
SW
B
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a
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s
o
lid
1
,
(
b
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s
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lid
2
,
(
c)
s
o
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3
,
(
d
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s
o
lid
4
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(
e)
b
ac
k
v
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w
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a
n
d
(
f
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f
r
o
n
t
v
i
e
w
2
.
1
.
M
o
dellin
g
t
o
o
ls
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t
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hn
iq
ues
Fo
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
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d
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
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-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
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ip
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te
n
n
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H
FS
S
,
a
n
d
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
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Stu
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s
e
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o
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h
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m
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u
ter
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r
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g
r
a
m
s
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ate
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o
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ay
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etr
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ial
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ter
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d
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ar
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itio
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s
to
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ed
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th
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er
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m
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ce
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h
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w
a
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ca
r
r
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o
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t
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ly
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t
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m
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et
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s
:
f
i
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ite
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(
FEM
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-
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s
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f
o
r
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
Ma
x
w
ell
'
s
e
q
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atio
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s
to
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tain
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is
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er
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S
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p
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s
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ite
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m
e
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o
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ain
(
FD
T
D)
–
a
p
p
lied
f
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tim
e
-
d
o
m
ai
n
an
al
y
s
i
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Desig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
men
t
o
f a
n
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h
a
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d
U
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s
h
a
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ed
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s
tr
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
s
u
p
er
…
(
Ma
n
i
P
eriya
s
a
my
)
207
an
ex
h
au
s
ti
v
e
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n
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er
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d
i
n
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o
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ac
ter
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an
ten
n
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[
2
0
]
.
T
h
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m
eth
o
d
s
allo
w
ed
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
i
m
p
o
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t
p
ar
a
m
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lik
e
r
et
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r
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lo
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r
ad
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atter
n
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d
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r
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t
d
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r
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t
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de
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ig
n
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ati
s
f
ie
s
SW
B
ap
p
licatio
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s
p
ec
if
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n
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
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t
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
te
g
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m
e
tr
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o
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t
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e
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r
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o
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en
h
a
n
ce
d
U
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s
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ed
m
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o
s
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i
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n
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s
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atin
g
b
o
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h
t
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e
s
u
b
s
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at
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t
a
n
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e
f
i
n
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d
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m
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n
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io
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al
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n
te
n
n
a
s
tr
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ct
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r
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u
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ed
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o
r
SW
B
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ad
iati
n
g
p
atch
,
f
ee
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
a
n
d
g
r
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u
n
d
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
th
at
co
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el
y
en
ab
le
w
id
e
i
m
p
ed
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ce
b
an
d
w
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t
h
an
d
s
tab
le
r
ad
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n
p
er
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o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
la
y
o
u
t (
to
p
v
ie
w
)
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
f
in
al
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n
te
n
n
a
s
tr
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ct
u
r
e
(
3
D
v
ie
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(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
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ed
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ten
n
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d
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n
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(
a)
to
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ie
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a
n
d
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b
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3
D
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ie
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2
.
2
.
Ret
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s
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h
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ip
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lar
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er
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o
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eq
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e
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w
it
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m
i
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eso
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t
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k
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o
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t
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Hz
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d
5
GHz
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
p
er
f
ec
t
im
p
ed
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ce
m
atch
in
g
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
w
il
l
r
esu
lt
in
m
i
n
i
m
al
lo
s
s
o
f
s
i
g
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al
s
; t
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
ir
eless
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
i
ll i
m
p
r
o
v
e.
2
.
3
.
Rec
ent
dis
t
ributio
n a
na
ly
s
is
R
ec
en
t
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
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al
y
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i
s
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es
a
n
in
s
i
g
h
t
in
to
t
h
e
r
ad
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n
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
a
t
r
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n
an
t
f
r
eq
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en
c
ies.
U
-
p
atch
,
in
te
g
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at
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w
it
h
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
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s
t
m
en
ts
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o
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s
s
ed
a
co
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is
ten
t
cu
r
r
en
t
d
i
s
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ib
u
tio
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th
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ed
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es,
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h
e
k
e
y
to
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etti
n
g
a
b
r
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ad
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
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n
h
a
n
ce
d
cu
r
r
en
t
d
en
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itie
s
i
n
t
h
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f
ee
d
p
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t
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d
ap
er
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e
ed
g
e
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eg
io
n
s
ar
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estab
lis
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ed
f
o
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ef
f
ec
ti
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e
co
u
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li
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g
m
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h
a
n
i
s
m
s
b
eh
i
n
d
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
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x
t
en
s
io
n
as
w
el
l a
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
tab
le
r
ad
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n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
3.
P
ARAM
E
T
RIC S
T
UDY
P
ar
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
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l
u
en
ce
of
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ar
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s
d
esi
g
n
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ar
a
m
eter
s
o
n
t
h
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ef
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ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
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o
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ti
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ized
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
Sy
s
te
m
a
tic
w
o
r
k
d
o
n
e
i
n
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ele
m
en
t
s
,
l
ik
e
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
ize,
f
ee
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
an
d
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
h
ap
es,
to
s
ee
h
o
w
th
e
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
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m
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ce
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d
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ai
n
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d
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ad
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atter
n
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il
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er
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SW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
ac
r
o
s
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
is
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
S₁₁
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
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en
h
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ce
d
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
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ip
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m
p
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m
i
n
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m
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ac
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GHz
s
p
a
n
,
w
it
h
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r
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ce
d
d
ip
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th
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lo
w
er
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m
id
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a
n
d
(
m
ar
k
er
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n
e
ar
~3
-
5
.
3
GHz
)
an
d
ad
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itio
n
al
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m
p
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v
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m
atc
h
i
n
g
ac
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s
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e
v
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al
h
i
g
h
er
-
f
r
eq
u
en
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y
b
an
d
s
.
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er
all
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
is
m
o
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tl
y
b
elo
w
−5
d
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th
e
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ap
p
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B
(
an
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)
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s
p
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if
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,
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r
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m
u
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r
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o
m
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a
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ip
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g
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ted
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r
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w
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ited
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r
e
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h
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atch
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n
d
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if
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s
p
r
o
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u
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id
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d
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m
p
ed
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ce
p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
f
e
w
er
tu
n
i
n
g
ele
m
e
n
t
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2089
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
6
:
2
0
4
-
213
208
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
s
i
m
u
lated
g
r
ap
h
R
ad
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n
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
v
er
s
u
s
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
p
la
n
e
s
h
ap
e;
r
ad
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n
-
ef
f
icien
c
y
tr
e
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
an
ten
n
a
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
h
ig
h
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f
f
icien
c
y
ac
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o
s
s
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
w
ell
-
m
atc
h
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
an
d
ex
h
ib
it
s
m
o
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e
s
t
r
ed
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ctio
n
s
n
ea
r
m
i
s
m
atch
p
ea
k
s
-
a
t
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p
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eh
a
v
io
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r
co
m
p
ac
t
w
id
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d
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ad
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s
.
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r
e
d
g
r
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u
n
d
-
p
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m
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if
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tio
n
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ed
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ce
s
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r
f
ac
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-
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citatio
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an
d
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v
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p
o
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an
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f
e
r
f
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th
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p
atc
h
to
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y
ield
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ticea
b
l
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etter
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icie
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c
y
in
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id
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ce
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en
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n
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w
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t
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at
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d
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ted
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r
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d
s
tr
u
ct
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r
es
(
DG
S)
as
e
f
f
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tiv
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m
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s
to
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o
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s
t
ef
f
ici
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c
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a
n
d
b
an
d
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th
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
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in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
p
lan
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o
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m
izat
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e
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p
lo
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ed
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er
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
r
ac
tical
b
en
ef
it:
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
ad
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n
ef
f
icien
c
y
ac
r
o
s
s
a
b
r
o
ad
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r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
w
it
h
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t
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d
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
it
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r
co
s
tto
f
a
b
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icatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
ea
l
p
ar
t o
f
p
o
r
t tim
e
s
ig
n
als
3
.
1
.
I
m
pa
ct
o
f
a
pert
ure
di
m
ens
io
ns
o
n per
f
o
r
m
a
nce
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
's
ap
er
tu
r
e
d
im
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n
s
io
n
s
p
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y
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v
ital
r
o
le
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m
o
d
i
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
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en
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s
an
d
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
ac
r
o
s
s
a
lo
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e.
T
h
e
d
ev
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n
s
in
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
's
w
id
th
an
d
ap
er
tu
r
e
len
g
t
h
w
a
s
an
al
y
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es
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er
to
o
b
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e
e
f
f
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ts
o
n
a
n
ten
n
a
'
s
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ap
er
tu
r
e
len
g
t
h
r
es
u
lts
i
n
a
d
o
w
n
w
ar
d
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
b
r
o
ad
en
in
g
t
h
e
SW
B
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
A
lter
n
ati
v
el
y
,
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
'
s
a
p
er
tu
r
e
w
id
t
h
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
th
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
o
p
ti
m
is
atio
n
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
to
co
v
er
m
u
lt
ip
le
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
at
an
o
p
ti
m
al
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
ap
er
tu
r
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
y
ie
ld
ed
a
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
b
elo
w
-
10
d
B
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
2
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
r
an
g
e,
it
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
al
r
ef
lectio
n
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t si
g
n
al
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
3
.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
g
r
o
un
d pla
ne
m
o
d
if
ica
t
io
ns
Mo
d
if
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
l
y
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
r
ad
iatio
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
.
Se
v
er
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
DGS
w
er
e
test
ed
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
cir
cu
lar
ap
er
tu
r
es,
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2089
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4864
Desig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
men
t
o
f a
n
en
h
a
n
ce
d
U
-
s
h
a
p
ed
micro
s
tr
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
s
u
p
er
…
(
Ma
n
i
P
eriya
s
a
my
)
209
ap
er
tu
r
es,
an
d
n
o
tch
ed
p
atter
n
s
,
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ir
im
p
a
ct
o
n
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
T
h
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
ap
er
tu
r
es
n
ea
r
th
e
ed
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
lar
ap
er
tu
r
e
ce
n
ter
ed
b
eh
in
d
th
e
f
ee
d
li
n
e
h
elp
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
at
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
n
o
tch
e
d
p
atter
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
ed
g
es
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
tab
le
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
ese
alter
atio
n
s
co
ll
ec
tiv
el
y
r
e
s
u
l
t
in
a
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
g
ai
n
an
d
b
etter
co
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
o
v
er
th
e
SW
B
r
an
g
e.
3
.
3
.
I
nfluence
o
f
f
ee
din
g
t
ec
hn
iq
ues
T
h
e
f
ee
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
cr
u
ci
al
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
co
r
r
ec
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
e
b
an
d
w
i
d
th
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a.
A
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
io
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ee
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
s
u
c
h
as
co
ax
ial
f
ee
d
s
an
d
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e
f
ee
d
s
,
w
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
th
eir
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
w
as
o
p
ti
m
ized
in
w
id
th
a
n
d
len
g
th
a
n
d
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
en
tire
ex
p
ec
ted
r
an
g
e
o
f
SW
B
.
Var
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ee
d
li
n
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
also
aid
s
in
t
h
e
tu
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
r
eso
n
an
t
m
o
d
es,
w
h
i
le
s
till
allo
w
i
n
g
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
co
v
er
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
es.
Mo
r
e
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
,
alter
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ee
d
p
o
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
U
-
s
h
ap
e
d
p
atch
also
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
co
u
p
lin
g
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
es a
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
r
ad
iati
o
n
p
atter
n
.
3
.
4
.
O
ptim
iza
t
io
n o
f
a
pert
ure
s
ha
pes
a
nd
s
izes
T
h
e
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
,
p
atc
h
s
ize
,
an
d
s
lo
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
h
as
co
n
t
r
ib
u
ted
to
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
h
ap
es
o
f
ap
er
tu
r
es
,
cir
cu
lar
,
r
ec
tan
g
u
l
ar
,
an
d
tr
ian
g
u
lar
,
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize,
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
th
eir
i
m
p
ac
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ap
er
tu
r
e
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
r
esu
lted
in
a
b
etter
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
h
ap
es,
w
h
ils
t
th
e
cir
cu
lar
ap
er
tu
r
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
in
th
e
p
atch
w
ill
g
i
v
e
a
w
id
er
b
an
d
w
id
th
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
m
o
r
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
.
A
p
er
tu
r
e
s
ize
w
a
s
also
alter
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
aseli
n
e
s
ize
w
ith
t
h
e
in
te
n
t
to
o
p
tim
ize
an
te
n
n
a
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
w
it
h
a
la
r
g
er
ap
er
tu
r
e
g
i
v
i
n
g
g
r
ea
ter
b
an
d
w
id
th
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
o
f
h
ig
h
er
cr
o
s
s
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
th
e
m
es o
f
ap
er
tu
r
e
s
ize
a
n
d
s
h
ap
e
w
er
e
r
etain
ed
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
d
esig
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
alan
ce
o
f
o
p
ti
m
ized
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
h
i
ls
t li
m
i
tin
g
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
o
n
g
ain
a
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
s
tab
ilit
y
.
4.
M
E
ASURE
M
E
NT
AND
CO
M
P
ARATI
VE
ANA
L
YS
I
S
T
h
e
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
u
n
d
er
w
e
n
t
ex
t
en
s
i
v
e
tes
tin
g
a
n
d
ev
al
u
atio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el’
s
t
h
e
o
r
etica
l
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
t
h
e
s
tr
i
n
g
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
SW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
A
cc
u
r
ate
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
co
n
tr
o
lled
test
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
allo
w
s
th
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
f
in
al
p
r
o
d
u
ct
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
o
r
k
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
.
4
.
1
.
Adv
a
nced
f
a
brica
t
io
n t
e
chniq
ues
f
o
r
a
nte
nn
a
pro
t
o
t
y
pin
g
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
lev
el
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
SW
B
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
w
as
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
i
n
g
laser
m
icr
o
m
ac
h
in
in
g
,
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
ed
f
in
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
t
h
e
m
icr
o
-
p
atter
n
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
i.e
.
,
th
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
lo
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
i
n
i
m
ized
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
r
in
g
f
ab
r
icatio
n
a
n
d
en
ab
led
t
h
e
d
esig
n
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
s
clo
s
el
y
.
A
n
o
p
ti
m
al
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
w
id
eb
an
d
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
as c
h
o
s
e
n
,
an
d
e
x
tr
e
m
e
ca
r
e
w
as ta
k
e
n
in
i
n
s
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
co
ax
ia
l f
ee
d
t
o
g
et
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
i
n
th
e
m
atc
h
in
g
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
.
S
ilv
er
-
b
a
s
ed
co
n
d
u
cti
v
e
ep
o
x
y
w
a
s
u
s
ed
as
th
e
f
ee
d
i
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
w
i
th
an
ai
m
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
r
esi
s
ti
v
e
lo
s
s
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
4
.
2
.
H
i
g
h
-
f
re
qu
ency
t
est
f
a
ci
lity
a
nd
ca
lib
ra
t
io
n
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
w
as d
o
n
e
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
tate
-
of
-
t
h
e
-
ar
t h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
test
f
ac
ilit
ies
.
T
h
e
SW
B
b
an
d
in
a
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ec
to
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
a
l
y
ze
r
(
VNA
)
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
w
ee
p
u
p
to
4
0
GHz
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
(
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
)
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
w
as
p
lace
d
o
n
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
r
o
tatio
n
a
l
p
latf
o
r
m
w
i
th
in
a
n
an
ec
h
o
ic
c
h
a
m
b
er
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
ab
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
i
n
d
etail
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
an
g
le
s
an
d
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
.
C
al
ib
r
atio
n
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
it
h
s
h
o
r
t
-
o
p
en
-
lo
ad
-
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
(
S
OL
T
)
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
atte
m
p
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
a
t
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
,
w
h
er
e
a
n
y
s
m
all
er
r
o
r
w
o
u
ld
h
av
e
a
h
u
g
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e.
4
.
3
.
I
m
pro
v
ed
da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Me
asu
r
ed
d
ata
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
e
d
g
o
o
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
w
it
h
s
i
m
u
lated
d
ata,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
g
ai
n
,
an
d
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
b
eh
av
io
r
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
in
ter
e
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in
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th
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m
aj
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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t J
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o
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f
i
g
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ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
6
:
2
0
4
-
213
210
p
r
ac
ticab
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
in
t
h
e
av
o
id
an
ce
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
lo
s
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
co
m
p
le
x
w
av
e
p
atter
n
s
o
f
w
a
v
es
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
w
er
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
m
i
n
i
m
ized
b
y
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
ts
i
n
th
e
ap
er
t
u
r
e
s
iz
e
an
d
p
atch
g
eo
m
e
tr
y
.
4
.
4
.
F
re
qu
ency
-
depend
ent
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
a
nd
t
e
m
pera
t
ur
e
v
a
ria
t
io
n
a
na
ly
s
is
B
esid
es
th
e
u
s
u
al
SW
B
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
,
s
o
m
e
e
x
tr
a
test
in
g
w
a
s
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
an
ten
n
a
w
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tab
le,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
cc
u
r
in
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
s
at
v
ar
y
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
r
an
g
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
4
0
°C
an
d
8
5
°C
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
s
h
o
w
ed
m
in
i
m
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
r
i
f
t
an
d
les
s
th
a
n
10
d
B
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
v
er
th
e
en
t
ir
e
s
p
an
o
f
th
er
m
al
r
an
g
e
,
w
h
i
ch
is
i
n
d
icativ
e
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
o
li
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
ag
a
in
s
t
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
f
a
d
in
g
w
as
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ai
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
w
as
eli
g
ib
le
to
b
e
u
s
e
d
b
y
ce
r
tain
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
w
ir
e
less
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
n
d
ae
r
o
s
p
ac
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
w
a
s
o
p
ti
m
ized
to
b
e
a
SW
B
an
te
n
n
a
to
co
m
p
ar
e
it
w
it
h
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
av
ai
lab
le
u
ltra
-
w
id
eb
an
d
(
UW
B
)
an
ten
n
a
s
to
id
en
ti
f
y
it
s
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
tes
tin
g
w
as
d
ed
icate
d
to
th
e
k
e
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
g
ai
n
,
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
an
d
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
4
.
5
.
B
ench
m
a
r
kin
g
a
g
a
ins
t
re
ce
nt
ultr
a
-
w
ideba
nd
a
nte
nn
a
s
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
a
n
ti
cip
ated
an
ten
n
a
w
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
f
e
w
r
ec
en
tl
y
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
s
in
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
b
asin
g
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
o
w
n
s
izin
g
,
g
ai
n
s
tab
ilit
y
,
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
e
d
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
UW
B
an
ten
n
as
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
co
p
lan
ar
w
a
v
e
g
u
id
e
-
f
ed
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a,
d
iele
ctr
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
an
ten
n
as,
an
d
f
r
ac
tal
p
atter
n
an
te
n
n
as
w
e
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
p
r
o
v
ed
to
h
a
v
e
a
b
ig
g
er
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
co
v
er
ag
e
,
2
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
,
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
esi
g
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
GHz
to
1
0
.
6
GHz
o
r
o
th
er
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
a
s
m
aller
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
w
it
h
a
n
ar
r
o
w
er
r
an
g
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
to
s
u
s
tai
n
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
o
f
at
least
1
0
d
B
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
at
s
u
c
h
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
in
d
icate
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
m
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
UW
B
an
te
n
n
as.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
an
te
n
n
a
i
s
m
ad
e
b
etter
s
o
th
at
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
an
d
y
et
t
h
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
d
o
es
n
o
t r
ed
u
ce
.
4
.
6
.
Size,
g
a
in,
a
nd
ba
nd
w
idth a
s
s
ess
m
ent
C
h
ec
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
,
an
d
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
lay
ed
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
to
w
ar
d
s
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
etter
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
o
ld
er
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
w
as
d
esi
g
n
ed
as
a
s
m
a
ll
s
ized
3
0
×3
0
m
m
2
i
n
s
ize,
w
h
ic
h
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
it
i
s
s
m
aller
t
h
a
n
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
UW
B
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
s
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
UW
B
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
wer
e
lar
g
er
th
a
n
5
0
×
5
0
m
m
2
.
Desp
ite
it
s
s
ize,
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
an
ten
n
a
a
ch
iev
ed
a
p
ea
k
o
f
u
p
to
6
d
B
o
f
g
ain
w
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
b
ig
g
er
an
te
n
n
as
th
at
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
s
p
ac
e
w
i
th
w
h
ich
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
g
ain
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
o
f
2
MH
z
to
2
0
GHz
w
as
o
v
er
1
0
0
%
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
u
n
li
k
e
o
th
er
tr
ad
itio
n
al
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
s
th
a
t
ar
e
n
o
t
ab
le
to
attain
s
u
ch
w
id
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
T
h
is
is
a
co
m
b
i
n
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
m
a
ll
s
ize
as
w
e
ll
as
d
eliv
er
in
g
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
at
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
v
er
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
s
p
ac
e
li
m
ited
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
4
.
7
.
P
o
t
ent
ia
l
a
pp
lica
t
io
ns
a
nd
us
e
ca
s
e
s
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
r
elea
s
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
ten
tia
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
u
s
e
ca
s
e
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
d
o
m
a
in
s
.
I
n
w
ir
ele
s
s
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ev
ices,
th
e
m
in
iat
u
r
ized
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
an
d
lar
g
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
co
v
er
ag
e
m
a
k
e
it
a
p
er
f
ec
t
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
i
n
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
es,
tab
lets
,
a
n
d
w
ea
r
ab
le
d
ev
ices,
allo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
m
u
lt
i
-
b
a
n
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
I
o
T
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
’
s
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
ef
f
icie
n
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
s
i
g
n
als
ac
r
o
s
s
a
w
id
e
b
an
d
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
allo
w
s
s
tab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
n
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
i
ce
s
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
w
id
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e
al
s
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
a
s
a
p
er
f
ec
t
m
a
tch
f
o
r
r
ad
ar
an
d
im
a
g
in
g
u
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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f
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Sy
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I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Desig
n
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d
ev
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f a
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U
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(
Ma
n
i
P
eriya
s
a
my
)
211
T
ab
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1
.
C
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5.
CO
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T
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m
a
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f
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h
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ten
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ai
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tai
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d
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tr
an
s
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p
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s
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m
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m
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ter
b
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d
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t
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co
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a
n
d
en
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y
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f
f
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p
ar
ed
to
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co
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n
tio
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l
UW
B
an
te
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n
a,
m
a
k
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d
id
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o
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f
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2089
-
4864
I
n
t J
R
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
&
E
m
b
ed
d
ed
Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
202
6
:
2
0
4
-
213
212
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
ar
ticle
ar
e
a
v
ail
ab
le
o
n
r
eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
P
Ma
n
i]
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tain
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
th
at
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
r
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c
h
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
its
ar
e
n
o
t p
u
b
licl
y
av
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tai
n
r
estr
ictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
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