I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
. 1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
,
p
p
.
2
6
1
~
2
7
1
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
10
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v
1
5
.
i
1
.
p
p
261
-
271
261
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
s
.
ia
esco
r
e
.
co
m
Co
rpo
ra
te
so
cia
l
respo
nsibi
lity by
l
isted com
mer
cia
l
ba
nks in
Vietnam
:
practic
e and financ
ia
l pe
rforma
nce
Viet
H
a
Ng
uy
en,
T
hi M
in
h Ng
uy
et
Da
ng
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
B
a
n
k
i
n
g
,
Th
u
o
n
g
m
a
i
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
H
a
n
o
i
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 2
4
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
No
v
1
7
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
an
1
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
stu
d
y
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
th
e
imp
a
c
ts
o
f
fi
n
a
n
c
ial
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
(F
P
)
o
n
c
o
rp
o
ra
t
e
so
c
ial
re
sp
o
n
si
b
il
it
y
(CS
R)
.
T
h
e
a
rti
c
le i
n
v
e
stig
a
tes
wh
e
t
h
e
r
F
P
,
a
s
m
e
a
su
re
d
b
y
re
tu
rn
o
n
a
ss
e
ts
(ROA
)
a
n
d
n
e
t
i
n
tere
st
m
a
rg
in
(NIM
),
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
s
th
e
li
k
e
li
h
o
o
d
o
f
C
S
R
d
isc
lo
su
re
,
d
ra
win
g
o
n
sta
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
t
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
l
e
g
it
ima
c
y
th
e
o
ry
.
Th
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
e
m
p
lo
y
s
b
in
a
ry
lo
g
isti
c
re
g
re
ss
io
n
m
o
d
e
ls
a
n
d
a
n
u
n
b
a
la
n
c
e
d
p
a
n
e
l
d
a
tas
e
t
c
o
m
p
r
isin
g
2
6
l
isted
b
a
n
k
s
b
e
twe
e
n
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
2
0
2
4
.
If
t
h
e
b
a
n
k
d
isc
lo
se
s
i
ts
C
S
R
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
in
it
s
a
n
n
u
a
l
o
r
su
s
tain
a
b
il
it
y
re
p
o
rt,
th
e
c
o
d
e
fo
r
CS
R
d
isc
lo
s
u
re
is
1
;
o
th
e
rwise
,
it
is
0
.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t,
wh
il
e
NIM
s
h
o
w
s
a
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
,
ROA
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
imp
ro
v
e
s
CS
R
.
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
re
is
a
p
o
siti
v
e
c
o
rre
lati
o
n
b
e
twe
e
n
b
a
n
k
siz
e
(TA),
e
q
u
it
y
t
o
a
ss
e
t
(EA),
a
n
d
C
S
R;
a
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
o
f
lo
a
n
t
o
d
e
p
o
sit
ra
ti
o
(LDR)
with
C
S
R,
a
n
d
n
o
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
sta
ti
stica
l
c
o
rre
latio
n
wa
s o
b
se
rv
e
d
b
e
twe
e
n
d
e
b
t
t
o
e
q
u
it
y
(DT
E)
a
n
d
C
S
R
.
T
h
e
st
u
d
y
a
d
d
s
t
o
th
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
o
n
C
S
R
i
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
n
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
o
ffe
rs
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
b
a
n
k
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
r
p
o
r
ate
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
Fin
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
Net
in
ter
est m
ar
g
in
R
etu
r
n
o
n
ass
ets
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
i M
in
h
Ng
u
y
et
Dan
g
Facu
lty
o
f
Fin
an
ce
a
n
d
B
an
k
i
n
g
,
T
h
u
o
n
g
m
ai
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
Han
o
i,
Vietn
am
Han
o
i,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail: n
g
u
y
etm
i
n
h
@
tm
u
.
ed
u
.
vn
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
(
C
SR
)
,
h
as
d
r
awn
a
lo
t
o
f
atten
tio
n
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
r
ec
e
n
t
d
ec
a
d
es
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
e
lem
en
t
o
f
r
is
k
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
v
al
u
e
cr
ea
tio
n
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
b
ein
g
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
co
r
p
o
r
ate
im
ag
e
[
1
]
.
E
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
,
a
n
d
in
v
esto
r
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
b
an
k
s
'
s
o
cial
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
h
av
e
ch
a
n
g
ed
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
2
0
0
8
f
in
an
cial
cr
is
is
an
d
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
em
p
h
asis
o
n
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
s
o
cial,
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
(
E
SG)
p
r
ac
tices
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
l
d
[
2
]
.
C
o
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
h
a
v
e
a
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
p
ital
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
,
r
is
k
allo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
f
in
an
cial
in
ter
m
ed
iatio
n
,
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
b
u
s
in
ess
es
in
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
th
eir
d
ed
icatio
n
t
o
C
SR
is
co
m
in
g
u
n
d
er
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
s
cr
u
tin
y
[
3
]
.
Pra
ctica
l
r
esear
ch
o
n
C
S
R
h
as
g
ar
n
er
ed
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
ter
e
s
t
am
o
n
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
,
wh
er
e
C
SR
ac
tiv
ities
h
o
ld
h
eig
h
ten
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
o
f
th
e
b
an
k
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
ac
cu
r
ately
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
C
SR
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ec
to
r
s
i
n
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
y
s
tem
p
r
esen
ts
ce
r
t
ain
ch
allen
g
es
[
4
]
.
C
SR
ac
tiv
ities
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
in
ter
n
al
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
u
t
also
i
m
p
ac
t
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
in
v
esto
r
s
,
an
d
s
h
a
r
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
.
B
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
cr
e
d
it
s
er
v
ices
to
b
o
th
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
es,
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
o
ciety
an
d
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
o
b
jectiv
es,
b
a
n
k
s
m
u
s
t
a
ls
o
ad
v
an
ce
s
o
cial
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ca
u
s
es;
o
n
ly
th
e
n
will
th
e
b
a
n
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
e
m
o
r
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
6
:
261
-
2
7
1
262
co
m
p
ass
io
n
ate
[
5
]
.
B
an
k
s
in
I
n
d
ia
will
d
e
n
y
c
r
ed
it
to
co
m
p
an
ies
wh
o
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
n
e
g
ativ
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
6
]
.
Alter
n
ativ
el
y
,
C
h
in
a
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
a
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
s
o
cial
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
an
d
f
in
a
n
ce
s
ec
to
r
in
J
ap
an
[
7
]
.
W
h
ile
C
SR
is
o
n
ly
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
ed
in
m
a
n
y
ec
o
n
o
m
ies,
it
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
m
an
d
at
o
r
y
in
s
o
m
e
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
.
I
n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
C
S
R
an
d
E
SG
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
o
r
a
n
y
o
f
th
e
r
elev
an
t a
g
en
cies; in
teg
r
atio
n
i
s
m
er
ely
ad
v
is
ed
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
f
in
a
n
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
FP
)
an
d
C
S
R
h
as
d
r
awn
a
l
o
t
o
f
atten
tio
n
lately
.
Gain
in
g
a
clea
r
er
i
n
s
ig
h
t
in
t
o
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
C
SR
an
d
FP
is
o
f
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
v
alu
e
f
o
r
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
m
an
ag
er
s
,
wh
o
m
u
s
t
d
ec
i
d
e
h
o
w
to
allo
ca
te
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
war
d
s
o
cially
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
f
o
r
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
wh
o
m
u
s
t
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
to
r
esp
o
n
d
to
s
u
ch
allo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Pro
f
itab
ilit
y
r
em
ain
s
th
e
u
ltima
te
g
o
al
o
f
en
ter
p
r
is
es
.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
C
SR
o
n
FP
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
e
s
tig
ates
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
:
h
o
w
FP
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
.
De
s
p
i
te
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
C
SR
in
n
o
n
-
f
i
n
an
cial
s
ec
to
r
s
h
as
b
ee
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
m
u
ch
r
ese
ar
ch
,
th
er
e
ar
en
'
t
m
an
y
em
p
ir
i
ca
l
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
b
an
k
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
Vietn
am
ese
c
o
n
tex
t
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
ea
r
lier
r
esear
c
h
,
a
co
m
p
a
n
y
'
s
FP
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
its
C
S
R
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
[
8
]
.
A
b
an
k
'
s
willin
g
n
ess
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
to
f
u
n
d
an
d
d
is
clo
s
e
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
m
ay
b
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
m
etr
ics
lik
e
r
etu
r
n
o
n
ass
ets
(
R
OA
)
an
d
n
et
in
ter
est
m
ar
g
in
(
NI
M
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
lik
eli
h
o
o
d
o
f
C
SR
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
f
ir
m
s
ize,
ca
p
ital
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
,
an
d
liq
u
id
ity
p
o
s
itio
n
[
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
leg
itima
cy
th
e
o
r
y
[
1
0
]
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
th
eo
r
y
[
1
1
]
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
cr
ea
tes
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
s
u
g
g
ests
FP
a
s
a
m
ajo
r
f
ac
to
r
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
will
d
i
s
clo
s
e
C
S
R
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
NI
M
an
d
R
OA
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
s
tan
d
-
in
s
f
o
r
b
an
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
o
th
m
e
tr
ics
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
b
a
n
k
in
g
r
esear
c
h
to
s
h
o
w
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
p
ec
if
ically
lo
o
k
s
in
to
h
o
w
FP
,
as m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
R
OA
an
d
NI
M
,
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
e
b
a
n
k
'
s
o
v
er
all
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
er
atio
n
s
is
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
B
u
s
in
ess
r
esu
lts
ar
e
as
s
ess
ed
b
y
k
ee
p
in
g
an
d
g
r
o
win
g
th
e
b
an
k
'
s
s
ize
(
to
ta
l
a
s
s
ets
(
TA
)
)
[
1
4
]
,
m
an
ag
in
g
len
d
i
n
g
ac
tiv
ities
with
a
c
ap
ital
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
,
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
lo
an
to
d
e
p
o
s
it
r
atio
(
L
DR
)
,
o
r
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
b
u
s
in
ess
s
af
ety
b
y
m
an
a
g
in
g
eq
u
ity
ca
p
ital
with
ass
et
in
d
icato
r
s
,
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
eq
u
ity
to
ass
et
r
atio
(
E
A)
.
T
h
ey
ar
e
e
x
am
p
les
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
v
a
r
iab
les
th
at
tak
e
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
f
in
an
cial
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
co
u
ld
h
av
e
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
C
S
R
p
r
ac
tices
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
a
f
ter
ad
ju
s
tin
g
f
o
r
b
an
k
s
ize
(
TA
)
,
L
DR
,
an
d
E
A,
it
lo
o
k
s
at
h
o
w
FP
,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
R
OA
an
d
NI
M
,
af
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
.
Desp
ite
g
r
o
win
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
'
s
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
C
S
R
p
r
ac
tices
is
s
till
in
its
in
f
an
cy
in
e
m
er
g
in
g
m
ar
k
ets
li
k
e
Vietn
am
.
C
ir
cu
lar
N
o
.
1
7
/
2
0
2
2
/TT
-
NHNN
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
g
u
id
elin
es
th
at
th
e
State
B
an
k
o
f
Vietn
am
(
SB
V)
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
f
in
an
ce
.
I
ts
g
o
al
i
s
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
o
cial
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
r
is
k
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
in
to
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
cr
ed
it
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
No
n
eth
e
less
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ti
ll
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
f
o
r
m
at,
an
d
co
n
ten
t
o
f
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es
ac
r
o
s
s
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
.
W
h
ile
m
an
y
m
ajo
r
b
an
k
s
s
till
d
o
n
o
t
m
ak
e
f
o
r
m
al
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es,
s
o
m
e
h
av
e
b
eg
u
n
to
p
u
b
lis
h
in
te
g
r
ated
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
at
alig
n
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Glo
b
al
R
ep
o
r
tin
g
I
n
itiativ
e
(
GR
I
)
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
p
r
esen
ti
n
g
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
o
n
th
e
f
in
an
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
in
an
em
er
g
in
g
m
ar
k
et'
s
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
u
s
in
g
b
in
ar
y
lo
g
is
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
els
.
I
t
is
an
ticip
a
ted
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
ef
u
l g
u
id
a
n
ce
f
o
r
b
a
n
k
m
an
ag
e
r
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
,
an
d
leg
is
lato
r
s
in
ad
v
a
n
cin
g
o
p
en
n
ess
an
d
eth
ical
b
an
k
in
g
in
Vietn
am
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
A
ND
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
B
A
SI
S
Fro
m
an
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
h
av
e
b
e
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
C
SR
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
eth
o
d
is
th
e
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
in
d
e
x
,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
o
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
in
itially
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
th
e
C
o
u
n
cil
o
f
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
P
r
io
r
ities
(
C
E
P)
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
late
1
9
6
0
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
eth
o
d
is
co
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
,
in
wh
ich
C
S
R
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
an
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
ts
[
1
6
]
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tu
d
i
es
h
av
e
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
at
d
ef
in
in
g
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
C
SR
r
em
ai
n
s
ch
allen
g
in
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
lack
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
an
d
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
co
m
p
lian
ce
a
cr
o
s
s
f
ir
m
s
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
h
av
e
attem
p
ted
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
co
m
p
an
ies
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
x
ce
p
ti
o
n
ally
well
in
C
SR
with
th
o
s
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
p
o
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
1
7
]
.
A
m
u
l
tifa
ce
ted
co
n
ce
p
t,
C
SR
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
ce
r
n
s
in
to
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
C
SR
h
as
h
i
s
to
r
ically
b
ee
n
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
an
d
ex
tr
ac
t
iv
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
its
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
h
as
g
r
o
wn
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
As
g
u
ar
d
ia
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
lic'
s
tr
u
s
t
an
d
f
in
a
n
cial
in
ter
m
ed
iar
ies,
b
a
n
k
s
h
a
v
e
em
b
r
ac
e
d
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
a
n
ag
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
r
ep
u
tatio
n
al
ca
p
ital,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t su
s
tain
ab
le
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t g
o
als
[
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
th
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
leg
iti
m
ac
y
th
eo
r
y
ar
e
two
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
tan
ce
s
th
at
lar
g
ely
f
r
am
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
o
n
C
SR
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
th
e
o
r
y
[
1
1
]
,
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
h
av
e
a
b
r
o
ad
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
s
o
cia
l res
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
b
y
lis
ted
co
mme
r
cia
l b
a
n
ks
in
V
ietn
a
m
…
(
V
iet
Ha
N
g
u
ye
n
)
263
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
to
an
s
wer
t
o
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
,
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
p
u
b
lic
,
an
d
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
,
p
r
o
f
itab
le
b
an
k
s
an
d
o
th
e
r
f
in
an
cially
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
b
u
s
in
ess
es
ar
e
b
etter
ab
le
to
d
ev
o
te
e
x
ce
s
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
m
ee
tin
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
lik
e
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
.
Su
ch
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
t
r
u
s
t
an
d
r
elatio
n
al
ca
p
ital
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
eth
ical
d
u
ties
.
L
eg
itima
cy
th
eo
r
y
[
1
0
]
,
wh
ic
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
is
v
iewp
o
in
t,
as
s
er
ts
th
at
co
m
p
an
ies
u
s
e
C
SR
d
is
cl
o
s
u
r
es
as
a
tactica
l
to
o
l
to
b
u
ild
,
p
r
eser
v
e,
o
r
r
esto
r
e
t
h
eir
r
ep
u
tatio
n
.
C
SR
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
ty
p
e
o
f
s
y
m
b
o
lic
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
th
at
c
o
n
v
e
y
s
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
in
te
g
r
ity
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
to
ch
an
g
in
g
s
o
cieta
l
n
o
r
m
s
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
lik
e
b
an
k
in
g
,
w
h
er
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
s
o
cieta
l
tr
u
s
t
ar
e
cr
u
cial
.
I
n
em
er
g
in
g
m
ar
k
ets,
wh
er
e
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
m
ay
b
e
i
n
ad
eq
u
ate
o
r
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
th
is
b
ec
o
m
es
esp
ec
ially
im
p
o
r
tan
t
.
W
h
en
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
,
th
ese
th
eo
r
etica
l
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
s
im
p
ly
t
h
at
a
b
an
k
'
s
i
n
s
titu
ti
o
n
al
v
is
ib
ilit
y
an
d
f
in
an
cial
s
tr
en
g
th
in
cr
ea
s
e
it
s
in
ce
n
tiv
e
an
d
ab
ilit
y
to
r
e
v
ea
l
C
SR
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
in
s
itu
atio
n
s
wh
er
e
s
u
ch
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
b
u
t
is
n
ev
e
r
th
e
less
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
leg
itima
cy
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
h
av
e
b
e
en
m
ix
ed
,
a
s
izab
le
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
em
p
i
r
ical
r
esear
ch
h
as
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
C
SR
an
d
FP
[
2
0
]
.
A
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
v
ar
io
u
s
b
an
k
in
g
-
r
elate
d
co
n
tex
ts
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
led
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
C
SR
an
d
FP
,
with
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
im
p
ac
t
b
ein
g
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
.
T
h
is
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
C
S
R
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
r
aised
FP
.
Sev
er
al
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
led
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
FP
an
d
C
S
R
[
4
]
,
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
C
SR
is
a
tr
en
d
th
at
is
u
n
av
o
id
ab
l
e
f
o
r
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
gr
o
wth
o
f
b
an
k
in
g
a
n
d
f
in
an
cial
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
"slack
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
"
h
y
p
o
th
esis
,
wh
ich
co
n
ten
d
s
th
at
f
in
an
cially
s
tab
le
co
m
p
a
n
ies
ca
n
in
v
est
in
C
SR
,
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
4
]
d
is
co
v
er
e
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
an
d
C
SR
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
h
ig
h
er
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
b
an
k
s
em
p
lo
y
C
SR
a
s
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
al
to
o
l
,
a
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
FP
n
eg
ativ
ely
im
p
ac
ts
C
SR
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
s
u
g
g
est
s
th
at
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
,
b
an
k
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
with
ef
f
icien
cy
th
a
n
with
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
g
o
al
s
.
T
h
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ality
o
f
t
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
test
ed
b
y
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
Pro
f
itab
ilit
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
tr
an
s
late
in
to
C
S
R
p
r
ac
tices
in
m
ar
k
ets
with
wea
k
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
en
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
o
r
i
m
m
atu
r
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
ac
tiv
is
m
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
R
ath
er
th
an
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
C
S
R
as
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
a
s
s
et,
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
es
m
ay
p
r
io
r
itize
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
f
in
a
n
cial
m
etr
ics
.
T
h
u
s
,
in
th
e
Vietn
am
ese
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
wh
e
r
e
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
an
d
q
u
ick
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ch
an
g
e
c
o
ex
is
t,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ee
x
am
in
es th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
FP
an
d
C
SR
.
I
n
b
an
k
in
g
s
tu
d
ies,
R
OA
an
d
NI
M
a
r
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
u
s
ed
as
s
tan
d
-
in
s
f
o
r
FP
[
2
9
]
.
On
a
s
ca
le,
R
OA
ev
alu
ates
th
e
b
an
k
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
t
o
tu
r
n
a
p
r
o
f
it
.
NI
M,
o
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
an
k
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
cr
e
d
it
o
p
er
atio
n
s
th
at
ch
ar
a
cter
izes
h
o
w
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
th
e
b
a
n
k
u
s
es
ea
r
n
i
n
g
ass
ets
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
in
ter
est
in
co
m
e
(
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
i
n
ter
est
in
co
m
e
an
d
in
ter
est
ex
p
e
n
s
es)
.
T
h
is
m
etr
ic
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
tes
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
n
tr
o
l
ass
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
in
ter
est
r
ate
r
is
k
,
an
d
ca
p
ital
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
es
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ph
am
an
d
T
r
an
[
3
0
]
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
d
e
m
an
d
an
d
r
e
g
u
l
ato
r
y
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ar
e
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
b
eh
in
d
th
e
n
o
tab
le
p
o
s
iti
v
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
R
OA
o
n
C
SR
d
i
s
clo
s
u
r
es
am
o
n
g
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
in
Vietn
am
.
Similar
ly
,
Ha
an
d
Kh
u
o
n
g
[
3
1
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
b
an
k
s
with
h
ig
h
er
NI
M
wer
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
d
is
clo
s
e
C
SR
ac
t
iv
ities
,
as
h
ig
h
er
m
ar
g
i
n
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
g
r
ea
ter
f
i
n
an
cial
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
co
r
e
i
n
v
estme
n
ts
.
Stu
d
ies
u
s
u
ally
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
b
an
k
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
is
o
late
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
FP
o
n
C
SR
.
T
o
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
FP
,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
v
ar
iab
les
a
r
e
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
R
OA
an
d
NI
M
.
Du
e
to
in
cr
e
ased
p
u
b
lic
s
cr
u
tin
y
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
T
A
is
a
n
ticip
ated
to
p
o
s
itiv
ely
im
p
ac
t
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
[
3
2
]
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
r
is
k
to
ler
a
n
ce
an
d
f
in
a
n
cial
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
th
e
L
DR
,
wh
ich
g
au
g
es
liq
u
id
ity
an
d
c
r
ed
it
r
is
k
,
ca
n
h
av
e
v
ar
y
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
C
SR
.
As
a
way
to
b
o
o
s
t
leg
itima
c
y
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
co
n
f
id
en
ce
,
C
SR
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
m
ay
b
e
e
n
co
u
r
ag
ed
b
y
th
e
E
A,
wh
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ca
p
ital
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
f
in
a
n
cial
r
esil
ien
ce
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
ese
co
n
t
r
o
l
v
a
r
iab
les
g
u
ar
an
tees
a
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
FP
an
d
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
ey
ar
e
n
o
t th
e
m
ain
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
r
ec
e
n
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
h
a
v
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
cl
o
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
C
SR
an
d
E
SG,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
b
o
th
b
ased
o
n
r
eg
io
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
:
t
h
e
GR
I
,
is
a
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
es
an
d
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
to
co
n
d
u
ct
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
ts
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
to
p
ic
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
(
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal,
an
d
s
o
cial)
ar
e
lin
k
ed
to
s
ix
p
r
in
cip
les
[
1
5
]
o
r
B
lo
o
m
b
er
g
'
s
eth
ical
in
v
estme
n
t
r
esear
ch
s
er
v
ice
(
E
I
R
S)
r
an
k
in
g
i
n
d
ex
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
ese
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ar
e
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
C
SR
an
d
E
SG
in
b
a
n
k
s
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
n
atio
n
s
lik
e
Vietn
am
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ch
an
g
es,
g
lo
b
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
m
o
u
n
tin
g
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
p
r
ess
u
r
e
all
in
f
lu
en
ce
b
an
k
i
n
g
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
m
a
r
k
e
t
d
y
n
a
m
ics
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
n
o
tab
le
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
ty
p
e
an
d
lev
el
o
f
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es
ac
r
o
s
s
b
an
k
s
,
n
e
ce
s
s
itatin
g
an
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
i
n
to
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
i
n
f
lu
en
c
e
th
ese
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
t
h
o
s
e
r
elate
d
to
f
in
an
ce
s
.
Vietn
am
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
em
p
ir
i
ca
l
co
n
tex
t
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
in
g
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es
.
R
eg
u
lato
r
y
g
u
id
el
in
es
lik
e
th
e
Vietn
am
co
r
p
o
r
a
te
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
co
d
e
o
f
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
(
2
0
1
9
)
an
d
C
ir
cu
lar
No
.
1
5
5
/2
0
1
5
/TT
-
B
T
C
h
av
e
p
r
o
m
o
ted
g
r
ea
ter
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
r
ien
tatio
n
am
o
n
g
lis
ted
f
ir
m
s
an
d
b
an
k
s
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
C
SR
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
is
s
till
o
p
t
io
n
al
.
Dis
p
ar
ities
in
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
f
o
r
ei
g
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
6
:
261
-
2
7
1
264
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
a
n
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
q
u
ality
a
r
e
r
ef
lecte
d
in
t
h
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
p
r
ac
tice
s
[
3
4
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
ee
t
in
v
esto
r
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
s
tay
o
u
t
o
f
tr
o
u
b
le
with
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
s
tate
-
o
wn
ed
o
r
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
ex
p
o
s
ed
b
an
k
s
ty
p
ically
r
ev
ea
l
m
o
r
e
C
SR
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
in
t
er
esti
n
g
s
ettin
g
f
o
r
ex
am
in
in
g
w
h
eth
er
f
i
n
an
cial
h
ea
lth
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t f
ac
to
r
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
C
SR
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
C
S
R
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
p
r
o
m
p
ted
s
ch
o
lar
s
to
in
v
e
s
tig
ate
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
tiv
at
o
r
s
f
o
r
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
d
is
clo
s
e
C
SR
ac
tiv
itie
s
i
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
in
ter
n
al
f
ir
m
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
,
m
o
s
t
n
o
ta
b
ly
FP
,
in
em
er
g
in
g
m
a
r
k
ets
lik
e
Vietn
am
,
wh
er
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
C
SR
ar
e
s
till
in
th
eir
in
f
a
n
cy
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
th
eo
r
y
[
1
1
]
,
b
u
s
in
ess
es
ar
e
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
to
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
,
th
e
g
en
er
a
l
p
u
b
lic,
a
nd
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
B
u
s
in
ess
e
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
h
av
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
s
atis
f
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
wh
en
th
ey
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
f
in
an
cial
r
etu
r
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
is
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
leg
itima
cy
th
eo
r
y
[
1
0
]
,
wh
ic
h
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
b
u
s
in
ess
es
u
ti
lize
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
eth
ical
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
leg
itimiz
in
g
th
eir
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
s
ec
to
r
s
li
k
e
b
a
n
k
in
g
,
wh
e
r
e
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t is cr
u
cial
.
On
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
icato
r
o
f
o
v
e
r
all
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
is
R
OA
.
Mo
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
ty
p
ically
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
C
S
R
in
itiativ
es
an
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
at
co
m
p
an
ies
with
h
ig
h
er
R
OA
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
h
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
C
SR
d
i
s
clo
s
u
r
e
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
ar
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
r
r
ela
ted
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
r
elatio
n
s
an
d
co
r
p
o
r
ate
im
ag
e,
p
r
o
f
itab
le
b
an
k
s
m
ay
c
h
o
o
s
e
to
v
o
lu
n
tar
ily
r
ev
ea
l
t
h
eir
C
S
R
in
itiativ
es
.
I
n
lig
h
t o
f
th
is
ju
s
tific
atio
n
,
we
p
u
t f
o
r
th
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
th
eo
r
y
.
H
1
:
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
p
o
s
i
ti
v
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
R
OA
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
i
k
e
li
h
o
o
d
o
f
C
SR
d
is
c
l
o
s
u
r
e
i
n
V
ie
t
n
a
m
es
e
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
b
a
n
k
s
.
A
b
an
k
'
s
p
r
im
ar
y
ca
p
ac
ity
to
g
en
er
ate
r
ev
en
u
e
an
d
its
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
h
an
d
lin
g
in
ter
est
-
b
ased
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
s
ar
e
b
o
th
r
e
f
lecte
d
in
its
NI
M
.
A
b
an
k
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
in
v
est
in
C
S
R
an
d
r
aise
th
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
o
f
s
u
ch
i
n
itiativ
es m
ay
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
a
h
ig
h
e
r
NI
M,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
in
a
n
cial
h
ea
lth
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
er
ea
r
n
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
c
o
r
e
len
d
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
As
p
ar
t
o
f
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
ep
u
tatio
n
b
u
ild
in
g
,
ef
f
icien
t
b
an
k
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
d
is
clo
s
e
n
o
n
-
f
in
a
n
cial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
ea
r
lier
r
esear
ch
[
1
3
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
y
p
o
th
esis
is
estab
lis
h
ed
.
H2
:
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
NI
M
an
d
t
h
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
in
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
O
DE
L
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
s
a
mp
le
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
p
an
el
d
ataset
o
f
2
6
lis
ted
b
an
k
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
to
2
0
2
4
t
o
ex
am
in
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
FP
o
n
C
S
R
in
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
er
c
ial
b
an
k
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
am
o
n
g
Vietn
am
ese
c
o
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
to
2
0
2
4
,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
p
an
el
d
ata
an
d
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
.
An
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
p
a
n
el
o
f
2
6
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
e
r
cial
b
an
k
s
co
v
e
r
in
g
th
e
y
ea
r
s
2
0
1
4
to
2
0
2
4
m
ak
e
s
u
p
th
e
d
ataset
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
g
ath
er
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
e
r
cial
b
an
k
s
'
an
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
ts
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
o
f
f
icial
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
d
ata,
wh
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
am
in
e
d
b
y
a
s
ep
ar
ate
au
d
itin
g
f
ir
m
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ca
n
r
ec
eiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
o
f
f
icial
ch
an
n
el
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
r
ev
e
alin
g
C
SR
d
ata
i
s
th
e
an
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
t
.
T
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
in
an
n
u
al
r
e
p
o
r
ts
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
v
o
lu
m
e
an
d
ca
lib
er
o
f
C
SR
ac
tiv
itie
s
,
is
g
au
g
ed
b
y
th
e
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
in
d
ex
[
2
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
ea
r
lier
r
esear
ch
,
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
b
in
ar
y
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le,
with
a
v
alu
e
o
f
"1
"
i
f
a
b
an
k
d
is
clo
s
es
C
S
R
-
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
its
an
n
u
al
r
ep
o
r
t
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
r
ep
o
r
t
an
d
"0
"
o
th
er
wis
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
alig
n
s
with
ea
r
lier
em
p
ir
ical
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
[
1
2
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
Sev
en
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
tak
e
n
in
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
a
n
d
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
C
SR
:
i)
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
h
ea
lth
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
s
;
ii)
n
atu
r
al
d
is
aster
r
elief
ef
f
o
r
ts
;
iii)
o
th
er
d
o
n
atio
n
s
;
iv
)
em
p
lo
y
ee
ac
tiv
ities
;
v
)
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
is
s
u
es;
v
i)
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts
an
d
s
er
v
ices,
an
d
v
ii)
s
tate
m
en
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
f
[
3
7
]
an
d
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t state
o
f
lis
ted
b
an
k
s
in
Viet
n
am
,
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
y
n
th
es
ized
.
3
.
2
.
E
m
pirica
l
m
o
del sp
ec
if
ica
t
io
n
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t v
ar
ia
b
le
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
b
in
ar
y
,
a
lo
g
i
s
tic
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
th
at
a
b
a
n
k
will
d
is
clo
s
e
C
S
R
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
h
as th
e
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
tio
n
as
in
(
1
)
.
=
0
+
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
+
5
+
5
+
∈
(
1
)
W
h
er
e:
−
C
S
R
is
a
b
in
ar
y
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
i
n
th
is
m
o
d
el
th
at
in
d
icate
s
wh
eth
er
b
an
k
i
d
is
clo
s
es
C
SR
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
f
C
SR
is
d
i
s
clo
s
ed
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
is
1
,
an
d
if
n
o
t,
it
is
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
s
o
cia
l res
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
b
y
lis
ted
co
mme
r
cia
l b
a
n
ks
in
V
ietn
a
m
…
(
V
iet
Ha
N
g
u
ye
n
)
265
−
T
h
e
R
OA
o
f
b
an
k
i
is
a
m
etr
ic
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
.
−
T
h
e
NI
M
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
an
k
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
len
d
in
g
r
e
v
en
u
e
.
−
T
A
s
er
v
es a
s
a
s
tan
d
-
in
f
o
r
TA
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
atu
r
al
lo
g
ar
ith
m
o
f
TA
.
−
T
h
e
L
DR
m
ea
s
u
r
es th
e
b
an
k
'
s
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
cr
ed
it r
is
k
a
n
d
liq
u
id
ity
p
o
s
itio
n
.
−
T
h
e
E
A
m
e
a
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
b
a
n
k
'
s
l
ev
e
l
o
f
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
a
d
e
q
u
a
c
y
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
es
i
li
e
n
c
e
.
−
T
h
e
tim
e
p
er
io
d
is
d
en
o
te
d
b
y
t
,
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
an
k
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
i
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
f
i
r
m
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
u
ld
af
f
e
ct
C
S
R
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
ad
d
it
io
n
to
FP
,
s
u
ch
as
b
an
k
s
ize
(
TA
)
,
L
DR
,
an
d
E
A
.
E
ac
h
b
an
k
'
s
ca
p
ital
s
tr
en
g
th
,
liq
u
id
ity
p
o
s
itio
n
,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
v
is
ib
ilit
y
ar
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les,
wh
ich
h
av
e
all
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
to
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
C
SR
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
b
eh
av
io
r
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el,
th
r
ee
wid
el
y
u
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
p
o
o
led
o
r
d
in
ar
y
least
s
q
u
ar
e
s
(
OL
S)
,
f
ix
ed
ef
f
ec
ts
m
o
d
el
(
FEM
)
,
an
d
r
an
d
o
m
ef
f
e
cts
m
o
d
el
(
R
E
M)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
OL
S
m
o
d
el
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
i
q
u
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
ea
ch
b
an
k
,
a
l
im
itatio
n
th
at
FEM
an
d
R
E
M
o
v
er
co
m
e
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
l
o
y
s
b
o
th
F
E
M
an
d
R
E
M,
an
d
af
ter
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
a
Hau
s
m
a
n
test
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
o
d
el
is
s
elec
ted
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
o
d
el.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
3
.
3
.
Va
ri
a
bles
a
nd
m
ea
s
urem
ent
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
i
n
th
is
r
esear
c
h
m
o
d
el,
C
SR
,
is
a
b
in
a
r
y
v
ar
iab
le
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
th
a
t
b
an
k
s
will
d
is
clo
s
e
th
eir
C
SR
.
T
h
e
two
p
r
im
a
r
y
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
b
an
k
'
s
FP
ar
e
R
OA
an
d
NI
M.
I
n
clu
d
ed
as
co
n
tr
o
l
v
a
r
iab
les
a
r
e
T
A,
L
DR
,
an
d
E
A,
wh
ich
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
u
s
ed
in
b
an
k
in
g
r
esear
ch
to
tak
e
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
ca
p
ital
ad
eq
u
ac
y
,
liq
u
id
ity
,
an
d
b
an
k
s
ize,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
B
ased
o
n
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
an
d
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
em
p
ir
ical
liter
atu
r
e,
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
"+
"
o
r
"±
"
in
th
e
"
ex
p
ec
ted
s
ig
n
"
co
lu
m
n
in
d
icate
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
v
ar
iab
le'
s
im
p
ac
t
o
n
C
S
R
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e.
T
ab
le
1
.
Var
iab
les d
e
f
in
itio
n
s
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
S
y
mb
o
l
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
/
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
e
c
t
e
d
s
i
g
n
S
o
u
r
c
e
i)
D
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
S
R
d
i
scl
o
s
u
re
C
S
R
D
u
mm
y
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
:
1
=
B
a
n
k
d
i
s
c
l
o
ses
C
S
R
i
n
f
o
i
n
a
n
n
u
a
l
/
su
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
r
e
p
o
r
t
s
;
0
=
o
t
h
e
r
w
i
se
–
[
1
2
]
,
[
3
0
]
ii)
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
R
e
t
u
r
n
o
n
a
sse
t
s
R
O
A
N
e
t
i
n
c
o
m
e
/
TA
(
%)
+
[
1
2
]
,
[
3
0
]
N
e
t
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
m
a
r
g
i
n
N
I
M
(
I
n
t
e
r
e
st
i
n
c
o
me
–
I
n
t
e
r
e
st
e
x
p
e
n
se)/
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
s
set
s
(
%)
+
[
3
1
]
iii)
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
B
a
n
k
s
i
z
e
TA
N
a
t
u
r
a
l
l
o
g
a
r
i
t
h
m
o
f
TA
+
[
3
2
]
Lo
a
n
t
o
d
e
p
o
s
i
t
LD
R
To
t
a
l
l
o
a
n
s/
t
o
t
a
l
d
e
p
o
si
t
s
(
%)
±
[
3
5
]
D
e
b
t
t
o
e
q
u
i
t
y
D
TE
To
t
a
l
l
o
a
n
s/
t
o
t
a
l
d
e
p
o
si
t
s
(
%)
±
[
3
5
]
Eq
u
i
t
y
t
o
a
s
se
t
EA
To
t
a
l
e
q
u
i
t
y
/
TA
(
%)
+
[
1
2
]
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
C
SR
s
co
r
es
v
ar
y
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
7
,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
o
f
4
.
6
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
b
an
k
s
ize
(
T
A)
is
8
.
2
,
with
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
0
.
49
.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
R
OA
is
0
.
0
3
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
lo
w
o
f
-
0
.
0
4
7
8
to
a
h
ig
h
o
f
0
.
7
9
(
T
a
b
le
2
)
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
is
h
ig
h
er
b
etwe
en
to
tal
C
S
R
an
d
T
A
(
0
.
4
4
1
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
an
d
wea
k
est with
L
DR
(
0
.
0
3
4
9
)
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
6
:
261
-
2
7
1
266
T
ab
le
2
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
iab
les u
s
ed
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
O
b
s
M
e
d
i
u
m
Sd
M
i
n
M
a
x
C
S
R
2
8
6
4
.
6
5
3
8
4
6
1
.
6
6
7
7
8
6
0
7
TA
2
8
6
8
.
2
5
9
6
3
1
0
.
4
9
6
3
1
6
4
7
.
1
9
9
2
9
8
9
.
5
2
1
D
TE
2
8
6
0
.
9
4
0
8
3
3
8
0
.
5
0
8
2
0
6
6
0
.
0
9
3
3
1
6
1
9
.
4
5
0
0
4
7
LD
R
2
8
6
0
.
9
1
2
1
6
3
6
0
.
1
5
9
9
1
1
9
0
.
3
6
3
2
8
5
7
1
.
4
2
8
1
9
4
EA
2
8
6
0
.
0
8
6
5
7
5
0
.
0
3
1
0
1
5
3
0
.
0
3
1
8
0
2
4
0
.
2
2
0
2
9
6
8
R
O
A
2
8
6
0
.
0
3
1
6
2
8
3
0
.
0
9
9
2
5
8
6
-
0
.
0
4
7
8
0
.
7
9
N
I
M
2
8
6
0
.
0
3
0
9
0
2
6
0
.
0
1
3
2
3
5
-
0
.
0
1
8
9
0
.
0
9
3
3
S
o
u
r
c
e
:
a
u
t
h
o
r
's c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
p
o
r
t
s (
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
4
)
u
s
i
n
g
S
t
a
t
a
1
7
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ix
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
TA
D
TE
LD
R
EA
R
O
A
N
I
M
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
1
TA
0
.
4
4
1
1
D
TE
0
.
0
4
5
3
-
0
.
0
1
5
8
1
LD
R
0
.
0
3
9
3
0
.
3
5
5
7
-
0
.
0
1
8
1
EA
-
0
.
0
7
9
7
-
0
.
2
4
8
6
-
0
.
1
1
6
2
0
.
2
3
8
8
1
R
O
A
-
0
.
0
4
3
7
-
0
.
2
9
1
3
-
0
.
0
2
7
8
0
.
0
2
9
1
0
.
2
0
9
9
1
N
I
M
0
.
0
5
1
8
0
.
3
6
2
3
-
0
.
0
5
0
8
0
.
5
3
5
6
0
.
3
2
4
4
0
.
0
5
9
4
1
S
o
u
r
c
e
:
a
u
t
h
o
r
's
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
p
o
r
t
s (
2
0
0
5
-
2
0
1
9
)
u
s
i
n
g
S
t
a
t
a
1
7
4
.
1
.
M
ultico
llin
ea
rit
y
t
est
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
v
a
r
ian
ce
i
n
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
VI
F)
to
test
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
.
T
h
is
is
a
cr
u
cial
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
to
o
l
u
s
ed
in
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
to
as
s
ess
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
,
wh
ich
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
en
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
in
a
m
o
d
el
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
co
r
r
elate
d
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
A
h
ig
h
VI
F
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
v
ar
iab
le
is
h
ig
h
ly
p
r
ed
ictab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
th
er
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
p
o
ten
ti
al
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
an
d
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
u
n
s
tab
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
VI
F v
alu
es a
r
e
all
u
n
d
er
1
0
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
n
o
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
i
ty
in
th
e
m
o
d
el
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Mu
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
test
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
V
I
F
1
/
V
I
F
N
I
M
2
.
3
4
0
.
4
2
6
9
8
TA
1
.
9
6
0
.
5
1
0
5
5
2
LD
R
1
.
5
7
0
.
6
3
5
2
7
1
EA
1
.
5
0
.
6
6
5
4
2
8
R
O
A
1
.
2
1
0
.
8
2
7
3
0
8
D
TE
1
.
0
4
0
.
9
5
9
8
8
6
M
e
a
n
V
I
F
1
.
5
7
S
o
u
r
c
e
:
2
0
0
5
-
2
0
1
9
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s a
n
d
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
y
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
u
s
i
n
g
S
t
a
t
a
1
7
4
.
2
.
O
L
S
re
g
re
s
s
io
n m
o
del r
esu
lt
s
T
ab
les
5
to
7
d
is
p
lay
th
e
r
eg
r
e
s
s
io
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
th
r
ee
m
o
d
els
:
OL
S,
FEM
,
an
d
R
E
M
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
OL
S
m
o
d
el.
I
t
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
d
u
e
to
its
s
im
p
l
icity
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
in
esti
m
atin
g
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
OL
S
m
o
d
e
l
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
p
an
el
d
at
a,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
th
e
m
o
d
el
e
x
h
ib
its
au
to
c
o
r
r
el
atio
n
an
d
h
eter
o
s
k
e
d
asti
city
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tin
u
e
s
to
r
u
n
R
E
M
an
d
FEM
m
o
d
els.
T
ab
le
5
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
OL
S
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
C
o
e
f
.
S
t
d
.
Er
r
.
t
P
>
t
[
9
5
%
C
o
n
f
.
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
]
TA
-
0
.
2
0
0
5
5
0
.
5
6
9
2
4
0
1
-
0
.
3
5
0
.
7
2
5
-
1
.
3
2
1
6
4
6
0
.
9
2
0
5
4
5
7
D
TE
0
.
0
1
4
3
5
3
8
0
.
1
6
7
5
5
3
6
0
.
0
9
0
.
9
3
2
-
0
.
3
1
5
6
3
6
5
0
.
3
4
4
3
4
4
LD
R
0
.
2
4
2
4
7
4
6
0
.
9
4
9
1
2
2
1
0
.
2
6
0
.
7
9
9
-
1
.
6
2
6
7
8
4
2
.
1
1
1
7
3
3
EA
1
5
.
3
1
6
1
3
5
.
0
8
4
2
1
7
3
.
0
1
0
.
0
0
3
5
.
3
0
2
9
6
6
2
5
.
3
2
9
2
9
R
O
A
0
.
1
0
2
7
4
9
1
1
.
1
7
9
7
9
7
0
.
0
9
0
.
9
3
1
-
2
.
2
2
0
8
1
5
2
.
4
2
6
3
1
3
N
I
M
-
5
.
5
6
0
5
9
7
1
6
.
8
3
1
7
5
-
0
.
3
3
0
.
7
4
1
-
3
8
.
7
1
0
0
6
2
7
.
5
8
8
8
6
_
c
o
n
s
4
.
4
4
3
9
7
3
4
.
2
5
6
1
2
6
1
.
0
4
0
.
2
9
7
-
3
.
9
3
8
2
9
8
1
2
.
8
2
6
2
4
Firstl
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
esti
m
ates
th
e
FEM
,
wh
ich
co
n
tr
o
ls
f
o
r
u
n
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le,
tim
e
-
in
v
a
r
ian
t
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
b
y
allo
win
g
ea
ch
en
tity
to
h
a
v
e
its
o
wn
in
ter
ce
p
t
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
wit
h
in
-
en
tity
v
ar
iatio
n
o
v
er
tim
e.
T
h
e
FEM
r
esu
lts
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
T
a
b
le
6
i
n
d
icat
e
th
at
o
n
ly
E
A
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t e
f
f
ec
t o
n
C
SR
at
th
e
1
% lev
el
(
p
=
0
.
0
0
3
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
s
o
cia
l res
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
b
y
lis
ted
co
mme
r
cia
l b
a
n
ks
in
V
ietn
a
m
…
(
V
iet
Ha
N
g
u
ye
n
)
267
T
ab
le
6
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
FEM
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
C
o
e
f
.
S
t
d
.
Er
r
.
t
P
>
t
[
9
5
%
C
o
n
f
.
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
]
TA
-
0
.
2
0
0
5
5
0
.
5
6
9
2
4
0
1
-
0
.
3
5
0
.
7
2
5
-
1
.
3
2
1
6
4
6
0
.
9
2
0
5
4
5
7
D
TE
0
.
0
1
4
3
5
3
8
0
.
1
6
7
5
5
3
6
0
.
0
9
0
.
9
3
2
-
0
.
3
1
5
6
3
6
5
0
.
3
4
4
3
4
4
LD
R
0
.
2
4
2
4
7
4
6
0
.
9
4
9
1
2
2
1
0
.
2
6
0
.
7
9
9
-
1
.
6
2
6
7
8
4
2
.
1
1
1
7
3
3
EA
1
5
.
3
1
6
1
3
5
.
0
8
4
2
1
7
3
.
0
1
0
.
0
0
3
5
.
3
0
2
9
6
6
2
5
.
3
2
9
2
9
R
O
A
0
.
1
0
2
7
4
9
1
1
.
1
7
9
7
9
7
0
.
0
9
0
.
9
3
1
-
2
.
2
2
0
8
1
5
2
.
4
2
6
3
1
3
N
I
M
-
5
.
5
6
0
5
9
7
1
6
.
8
3
1
7
5
-
0
.
3
3
0
.
7
4
1
-
3
8
.
7
1
0
0
6
2
7
.
5
8
8
8
6
c
o
n
s
4
.
4
4
3
9
7
3
4
.
2
5
6
1
2
6
1
.
0
4
0
.
2
9
7
-
3
.
9
3
8
2
9
8
1
2
.
8
2
6
2
4
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
co
n
d
u
ct
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
u
s
in
g
R
E
M
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
ass
u
m
es
th
at
u
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
an
d
u
n
co
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
R
E
M
r
esu
lts
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
T
a
b
le
7
s
h
o
w
th
at
T
A
an
d
E
A
h
av
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
C
SR
.
T
h
ese
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
e
1
% a
n
d
5
% lev
els,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
(
p
=0
.
0
0
3
an
d
p
=0
.
0
2
2
)
.
T
ab
le
7
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
R
E
M
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
C
o
e
f
.
S
t
d
.
Er
r
.
z
P
>
z
[
9
5
%
C
o
n
f
.
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
]
TA
1
.
5
0
8
4
2
0
.
3
3
2
6
3
1
1
4
.
5
3
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
8
5
6
4
7
4
7
2
.
1
6
0
3
6
5
D
TE
0
.
1
1
5
3
9
3
4
0
.
1
6
7
1
7
0
8
0
.
6
9
0
.
4
9
0
-
0
.
2
1
2
2
5
5
4
0
.
4
4
3
0
4
2
1
LD
R
-
1
.
1
6
9
2
7
3
0
.
7
7
3
7
3
0
9
-
1
.
5
1
0
.
1
3
1
-
2
.
6
8
5
7
5
7
0
.
3
4
7
2
1
2
EA
9
.
5
6
7
3
3
6
4
.
1
7
8
3
5
2
.
2
9
0
.
0
2
2
1
.
3
7
7
9
2
1
1
7
.
7
5
6
7
5
R
O
A
1
.
2
2
3
2
6
1
.
0
6
8
0
8
1
.
1
5
0
.
2
5
2
-
0
.
8
7
0
1
3
7
8
3
.
3
1
6
6
5
8
N
I
M
-
1
4
.
1
6
4
4
4
1
2
.
6
2
6
3
4
-
1
.
1
2
0
.
2
6
2
-
3
8
.
9
1
1
6
1
0
.
5
8
2
7
3
_
c
o
n
s
-
7
.
4
5
5
0
4
2
2
.
5
6
1
1
7
2
-
2
.
9
1
0
.
0
0
4
-
1
2
.
4
7
4
8
5
-
2
.
4
3
5
2
3
7
T
h
e
Hau
s
m
an
test
is
th
en
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
s
elec
t
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
P
-
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
Hau
s
m
an
test
is
less
th
an
0
.
0
5
,
s
o
th
e
FEM
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
test
in
g
.
−
Au
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
test
:
m
o
d
if
ie
d
W
ald
test
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
wis
e
h
eter
o
s
k
ed
asti
city
in
f
ix
ed
ef
f
ec
t
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
.
0
:
(
)
^
2
=
^
2
ℎ
2
(
26
)
=
79992
.
79
>
ℎ
2
=
0
.
0000
T
h
e
r
esu
lt in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
P
-
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
test
is
0
.
0
0
0
,
s
m
al
ler
th
an
0
.
0
5
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
ex
h
i
b
its
au
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
−
Var
ian
ce
ch
an
g
e
test
:
wo
o
ld
r
i
d
g
e
test
f
o
r
a
u
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
in
p
an
el
d
ata
.
0
:
−
(
1
,
25
)
=
15
.
225
>
=
0
.
0006
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
P
-
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ch
a
n
g
e
test
is
0
.
0
0
0
6
,
s
m
aller
th
an
0
.
0
5
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
e
x
h
ib
its
v
ar
ian
ce
c
h
an
g
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
a
d
ju
s
ts
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
ab
le
8
s
h
o
ws
th
at
T
A
h
as
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
T
o
tal
C
SR
at
th
e
1
%
lev
el,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
b
an
k
s
ize
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
C
SR
.
Me
an
wh
i
le
,
L
DR
an
d
NI
M
d
is
p
lay
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
h
ig
h
er
liq
u
id
ity
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
in
ter
es
t
m
ar
g
in
s
m
a
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
C
SR
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
E
A
an
d
R
OA
s
h
o
w
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
im
p
ly
in
g
th
at
s
tr
o
n
g
e
r
eq
u
ity
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
ig
h
er
C
SR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
F
in
ally
,
DT
E
is
n
o
t
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
th
is
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
d
ata
in
T
ab
le
9
b
ased
o
n
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
im
p
ac
t,
s
tatis
tica
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
,
an
d
P
-
v
alu
e.
T
ab
le
8
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
C
o
e
f
.
S
t
d
.
Er
r
.
z
P
>
z
[
9
5
%
C
o
n
f
.
I
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
]
TA
1
.
9
9
2
0
4
4
0
.
2
4
0
9
8
1
9
8
.
2
7
0
.
0
0
0
1
.
5
1
9
7
2
9
2
.
4
6
4
3
6
D
TE
0
.
1
8
8
8
1
4
5
0
.
1
7
1
6
3
7
7
1
.
1
0
.
2
7
1
-
0
.
1
4
7
5
8
9
3
0
.
5
2
5
2
1
8
3
LD
R
-
1
.
5
0
6
7
8
5
0
.
6
7
0
5
0
6
2
-
2
.
2
5
0
.
0
2
5
-
2
.
8
2
0
9
5
3
-
0
.
1
9
2
6
1
7
2
EA
7
.
4
7
7
3
8
1
3
.
3
7
7
8
2
4
2
.
2
1
0
.
0
2
7
0
.
8
5
6
9
6
7
5
1
4
.
0
9
7
8
R
O
A
1
.
8
8
0
4
0
5
0
.
9
4
6
5
8
8
1
1
.
9
9
0
.
0
4
7
0
.
0
2
5
1
2
6
2
3
.
7
3
5
6
8
3
N
I
M
-
2
3
.
5
8
5
3
6
9
.
8
8
1
8
1
1
-
2
.
3
9
0
.
0
1
7
-
4
2
.
9
5
3
3
5
-
4
.
2
1
7
3
6
6
_
c
o
n
s
-
1
0
.
5
8
7
2
6
1
.
9
5
0
7
4
9
-
5
.
4
3
0
.
0
0
0
-
1
4
.
4
1
0
6
5
-
6
.
7
6
3
8
5
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
6
:
261
-
2
7
1
268
T
ab
le
9
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
r
esu
lts
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
To
t
a
l
C
S
R
m
o
d
e
l
I
mp
a
c
t
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
c
e
l
e
v
e
l
(
%)
P
_
v
a
l
u
e
R
O
A
+
5
0
.
0
4
7
N
I
M
-
5
0
.
0
1
7
TA
+
1
0
.
0
0
0
D
TE
N
o
n
e
N
o
n
e
-
LD
R
-
5
0
.
0
2
5
EA
+
5
0
.
0
2
7
4
.
3
.
T
o
t
a
l C
SR
depend
e
nt
v
a
ria
ble m
o
del
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
T
A
v
ar
iab
le
s
h
o
ws
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
C
SR
with
a
P
-
v
alu
e
s
m
al
l
er
th
an
1
%
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt in
d
icate
s
th
at
an
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
b
an
k
s
ize
will e
n
h
an
c
e
C
SR
ac
tiv
it
ies
.
−
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
d
eb
t
to
eq
u
ity
(
DT
E
)
v
ar
iab
le
s
h
o
ws n
o
im
p
ac
t
o
n
C
SR
.
−
T
h
e
co
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
t
h
e
L
DR
v
ar
iab
le
s
h
o
ws
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
n
C
SR
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
c
e
lev
el
o
f
5
%
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt su
g
g
ests
th
at
if
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
d
o
n
o
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
eir
L
DR
in
cr
ea
s
es,
C
S
R
wil
l d
ec
r
ea
s
e
.
−
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
t
h
e
E
A
v
a
r
iab
le
s
h
o
ws
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
C
SR
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
s
m
aller
th
an
5%
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
m
ain
tai
n
in
g
o
r
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
EA
r
a
tio
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
C
SR
ac
t
iv
ities
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
in
th
e
s
am
p
le
.
−
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
R
OA
v
ar
iab
le
s
h
o
ws
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
C
SR
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
5
%
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt su
g
g
ests
th
at
R
OA
h
elp
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
C
SR
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
−
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
NI
M
v
ar
iab
le
s
h
o
ws
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
n
C
SR
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
c
e
lev
el
o
f
5
%
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
m
ar
g
in
b
etwe
en
len
d
in
g
an
d
b
o
r
r
o
win
g
ac
tiv
ities
ten
d
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
C
S
R
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
o
cial
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
is
c
lo
s
u
r
e
f
o
r
2
6
b
a
n
k
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
t
o
2
0
2
4
.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
C
SR
o
f
th
e
b
a
n
k
s
in
th
e
s
am
p
le
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
th
e
C
S
R
o
f
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
1
1
y
ea
r
s
,
as
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
iag
r
am
illu
s
tr
ates,
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
e
h
a
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
R
OA
h
as
an
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
g
r
o
win
g
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices,
wh
ile
NI
M
h
as
a
n
eg
ativ
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
'
u
s
e
o
f
C
SR
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
in
v
esto
r
s
,
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
,
an
d
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
h
av
e
all
b
en
e
f
ited
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
b
u
s
in
ess
r
esu
lts
(
as
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
g
en
e
r
ated
f
r
o
m
TA
)
;
h
o
wev
er
,
g
iv
e
n
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
len
d
in
g
an
d
m
o
b
iliz
atio
n
ac
tiv
ities
,
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
o
licies
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
at
Vietn
am
ese
co
m
m
er
cial
b
an
k
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
SR
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
First,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
co
m
p
an
y
s
ize
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
C
S
R
.
L
is
ted
b
an
k
s
u
s
u
ally
h
av
e
s
tr
o
n
g
f
in
an
cial
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
in
v
est
i
n
s
o
cial
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
ey
also
-
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
201
4
2
0
1
5
201
6
201
7
201
8
201
9
202
0
202
1
202
2
202
3
2
0
2
4
A
v
e
r
ag
e
CS
R
Y
e
ar
A
vera
g
e C
S
R
o
ver the
Years
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
te
s
o
cia
l res
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
b
y
lis
ted
co
mme
r
cia
l b
a
n
ks
in
V
ietn
a
m
…
(
V
iet
Ha
N
g
u
ye
n
)
269
n
ee
d
to
m
ai
n
tain
b
r
a
n
d
im
a
g
e
an
d
m
ar
k
et
r
ep
u
tatio
n
,
wh
ic
h
m
o
tiv
ates
th
em
to
en
g
a
g
e
i
n
C
SR
ac
tiv
itie
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
im
ag
e
an
d
m
ee
t
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
ex
p
e
ctatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ex
p
lain
s
wh
y
l
ar
g
er
b
an
k
s
ten
d
to
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
ex
p
licit
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
C
S
R
in
itiativ
es
.
C
S
R
p
r
ac
tices
d
ep
en
d
o
n
b
an
k
s
ize,
alig
n
in
g
with
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
.
W
ad
d
o
c
k
an
d
Gr
av
es
[
2
4
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
lar
g
er
co
m
p
an
ies
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
r
eso
u
r
c
es
to
in
v
est
in
C
SR
an
d
f
ac
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
u
b
lic,
th
u
s
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
ir
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
e
n
g
ag
e
i
n
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
to
p
r
o
tect
th
eir
im
ag
e
.
Similar
ly
,
Ar
o
r
a
an
d
Dh
ar
wad
k
ar
[
3
8
]
o
n
I
n
d
ia
n
co
m
p
a
n
ies
s
tated
th
at
lar
g
er
f
ir
m
s
o
f
ten
u
s
e
C
SR
to
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
r
ep
u
tatio
n
an
d
g
ain
a
co
m
p
etitiv
e
ed
g
e
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
lev
er
ag
e
r
at
io
h
as
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
C
SR
.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
lev
er
ag
e
r
atio
m
ay
r
ef
lect
th
e
f
in
an
cial
r
is
k
lev
el
o
f
th
e
b
an
k
,
h
ig
h
-
le
v
er
ag
e
b
a
n
k
s
d
o
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
.
T
h
is
m
ay
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
h
ig
h
ly
lev
er
ag
ed
b
an
k
s
ca
n
s
till
m
ain
tain
C
S
R
ac
tiv
ities
if
th
ey
h
av
e
a
s
o
u
n
d
f
in
a
n
cial
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
ar
e
n
o
t
u
n
d
e
r
liq
u
id
ity
p
r
ess
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
alig
n
with
[
1
4
]
,
wh
o
ar
g
u
ed
t
h
at
co
m
p
a
n
ies
with
h
ig
h
d
eb
t
r
atio
s
d
o
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
r
ed
u
ce
C
SR
ac
tiv
itie
s
if
th
ey
h
a
v
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ca
p
ital stra
teg
ies an
d
ar
e
n
o
t
u
n
d
er
im
m
e
d
iate
liq
u
id
ity
p
r
ess
u
r
e
.
T
h
ir
d
,
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
L
DR
co
ef
f
ici
en
t
o
n
C
SR
,
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
in
d
ic
ates
th
at
if
b
an
k
s
d
o
n
o
t
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
L
DR
,
it
will
r
ed
u
ce
C
S
R
p
r
ac
tices
.
T
h
is
also
s
er
v
es
as
a
war
n
in
g
f
o
r
b
a
n
k
s
to
ca
r
ef
u
lly
m
ain
tain
th
is
r
atio
.
W
h
en
lo
an
s
ex
ce
ed
d
ep
o
s
its
,
it
n
o
t
o
n
ly
cr
ea
tes
r
is
k
s
f
o
r
th
e
b
an
k
s
b
u
t
also
n
eg
ativ
ely
af
f
ec
ts
C
SR
ac
tiv
it
ies
.
B
an
k
s
m
u
s
t
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
cr
ed
it
in
to
tal
len
d
in
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
C
SR
with
o
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
L
DR
[
3
9
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
,
b
an
k
s
s
h
o
u
ld
a
d
o
p
t
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
lik
e
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
in
ter
n
al
cr
ed
it
r
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
p
p
r
aisal
s
taf
f
,
is
s
u
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
len
d
in
g
p
o
lic
ies,
an
d
,
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
tly
,
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
i
n
ter
n
al
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
to
r
e
d
u
ce
ad
v
er
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ef
f
ec
t
s
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
lo
a
n
s
ca
le
is
n
o
t
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
f
ac
to
r
th
at
m
o
tiv
ates b
an
k
s
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
eir
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
m
ain
f
in
d
in
g
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
o
n
C
SR
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
r
ev
ea
l
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
R
OA
an
d
C
SR
,
wh
ile
NI
M
h
as
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
C
SR
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
ar
g
u
ab
ly
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at,
r
eg
a
r
d
less
,
p
r
o
f
it
is
th
e
u
ltima
te
g
o
al
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
,
b
alan
ce
d
b
y
C
SR
v
alu
e
.
Th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
p
r
o
f
it
f
r
o
m
ass
ets,
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
t
h
at
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
b
a
n
k
s
ize
lead
s
to
g
r
ea
ter
C
SR
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
er
e
p
r
o
f
it
in
cr
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
ass
et
g
r
o
wth
d
r
iv
es th
e
b
an
k
t
o
ac
t m
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ly
.
So
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
n
eg
ativ
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
,
R
OE
,
a
n
d
C
SR
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
an
ag
er
s
m
ig
h
t
v
iew
C
SR
as
a
co
s
t
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
s
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
p
r
o
f
its
,
th
u
s
d
e
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
it
wh
en
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
h
ig
h
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
th
at
b
an
k
s
m
a
y
f
o
cu
s
m
o
r
e
o
n
m
a
x
im
izin
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
p
r
o
f
its
r
ath
er
th
an
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
.
T
h
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
NI
M
o
n
C
SR
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
in
ter
est
in
co
m
e
an
d
ex
p
en
s
e,
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
lis
ted
b
an
k
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
C
SR
is
d
r
iv
en
m
o
r
e
b
y
th
e
n
o
n
-
i
n
ter
est
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
b
an
k
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
in
v
estme
n
t
s
in
d
ig
ital
s
er
v
ices
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
s
o
cial
im
p
ac
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
atten
tio
n
f
r
o
m
lis
ted
b
an
k
s
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
,
f
in
an
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
lik
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
s
ize
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
af
f
ec
t
C
SR
,
wh
il
e
th
e
lev
er
ag
e
r
atio
DT
E
h
as
n
o
im
p
ac
t
.
T
h
is
m
ay
r
ef
lect
t
h
at
lar
g
e
b
an
k
,
with
s
tr
o
n
g
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
ca
n
ea
s
ily
im
p
lem
e
n
t
C
SR
in
itiativ
es
to
m
ain
tain
t
h
eir
b
r
an
d
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
a
n
d
s
atis
f
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
an
k
s
n
e
ed
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
in
cr
ed
it
f
in
an
cin
g
,
s
u
ch
as
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
g
r
ee
n
cr
ed
it
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
r
o
jects
th
at
p
o
s
i
tiv
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
u
i
ld
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
C
SR
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
C
SR
p
r
ac
tices
in
Vietn
am
’
s
b
an
k
i
n
g
s
ec
to
r
an
d
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
t
o
p
r
o
m
o
te
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
C
SR
ac
tiv
ities
,
b
an
k
s
m
u
s
t
o
p
tim
ize
th
eir
s
ize
an
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
wh
il
e
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
C
SR
s
tr
ateg
ies
lin
k
ed
to
g
r
ee
n
c
r
ed
it
g
r
o
wth
a
n
d
e
x
p
an
d
in
g
n
o
n
-
in
ter
est
ac
tiv
ities
lik
e
d
ig
ital
b
an
k
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
o
p
en
s
u
p
n
ew
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
,
s
u
ch
as
e
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
b
u
s
in
ess
r
is
k
s
an
d
C
SR
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
m
ac
r
o
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
C
SR
s
tr
ateg
ies in
th
e
b
an
k
in
g
s
ec
to
r
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
f
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
T
h
u
o
n
g
m
ai
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Han
o
i
,
Vietn
am
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
6
:
261
-
2
7
1
270
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Viet
Ha
Ng
u
y
en
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
T
h
i M
in
h
Ng
u
y
et
Dan
g
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
ar
ticle
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
B
.
C
a
r
r
o
l
l
a
n
d
K
.
M
.
S
h
a
b
a
n
a
,
“
Th
e
b
u
si
n
e
ss
c
a
se
f
o
r
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s,
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Re
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
5
-
1
0
5
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
j
.
1
4
6
8
-
2
3
7
0
.
2
0
0
9
.
0
0
2
7
5
.
x
.
[
2
]
B
.
S
c
h
o
l
t
e
n
s a
n
d
B
.
S
c
h
o
t
t
e
n
s
,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
st
r
y
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Bu
s
i
n
e
ss
E
t
h
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
–
1
7
5
,
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
l
0
5
5
1
-
0
0
8
-
9
8
4
1
-
x.
[
3
]
M
.
M
a
l
i
k
,
“
V
a
l
u
e
-
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
C
S
R
:
a
b
r
i
e
f
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
c
o
n
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
r
y
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Bu
s
i
n
e
ss
Et
h
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
1
9
–
4
3
8
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
0
5
5
1
-
0
1
4
-
2
0
5
1
-
9.
[
4
]
A
.
A
w
a
y
s
h
e
h
,
R
.
A
.
H
e
r
o
n
,
T
.
P
e
r
r
y
,
a
n
d
J
.
I
.
W
i
l
s
o
n
,
“
O
n
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
”
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
6
5
–
9
8
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
smj
.
3
1
2
2
.
[
5
]
H
.
G
o
n
e
n
c
a
n
d
B
.
S
c
h
o
l
t
e
n
s
,
“
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
i
n
t
h
e
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
su
1
1
1
2
3
3
2
9
.
[
6
]
A
.
B
h
a
t
t
a
c
h
a
r
y
y
a
,
S
.
W
r
i
g
h
t
,
a
n
d
M
.
L.
R
a
h
ma
n
,
“
I
s b
e
t
t
e
r
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
ss
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
i
n
c
l
u
si
o
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
d
a
t
e
d
C
S
R
e
x
p
e
n
d
i
t
u
r
e
i
n
a
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
?
,
”
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
–
1
6
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
a
c
f
i
.
1
2
5
6
0
.
[
7
]
A
.
Ja
i
n
,
M
.
K
e
n
e
l
e
y
,
a
n
d
D
.
T
h
o
mso
n
,
“
V
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y
C
S
R
d
i
s
c
l
o
s
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
s!
E
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
A
s
i
a
-
P
a
c
i
f
i
c
b
a
n
k
s,
”
S
o
c
i
a
l
Re
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
–
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
S
R
J
-
10
-
2
0
1
2
-
0
1
3
6
.
[
8
]
C
.
R
e
v
e
r
t
e
,
“
D
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
i
sc
l
o
su
r
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
b
y
S
p
a
n
i
s
h
l
i
s
t
e
d
f
i
r
ms,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Fi
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Ac
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
–
3
9
,
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
l
0
5
5
1
-
0
0
8
-
9
9
6
8
-
9.
[
9
]
M
.
B
.
M
u
t
t
a
k
i
n
,
A
.
K
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
I
.
A
z
i
m,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
i
scl
o
s
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
:
a
r
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
ma
n
a
g
e
r
s’
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
s
t
i
c
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
?
,
”
M
a
n
a
g
e
r
i
a
l
Au
d
i
t
i
n
g
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
7
–
2
9
8
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
M
A
J
-
02
-
2
0
1
4
-
0
9
9
7
.
[
1
0
]
M
.
C
.
S
u
c
h
ma
n
,
“
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
l
e
g
i
t
i
ma
c
y
:
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
a
n
d
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s,”
T
h
e
Ac
a
d
e
m
y
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Re
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
J
u
l
.
1
9
9
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
3
0
7
/
2
5
8
7
8
8
.
[
1
1
]
R
.
E.
E
.
F
r
e
e
m
a
n
a
n
d
J.
M
c
V
e
a
,
“
A
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
”
T
h
e
Bl
a
c
k
w
e
l
l
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
S
t
ra
t
e
g
i
c
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
1
8
3
-
2
0
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
b
.
9
7
8
0
6
3
1
2
1
8
6
1
6
.
2
0
0
6
.
0
0
0
0
7
.
x
.
[
1
2
]
H.
-
L.
C
h
i
h
,
C
.
-
H
.
S
h
e
n
,
a
n
d
F
.
-
C
.
K
a
n
g
,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
i
n
v
e
s
t
o
r
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
:
s
o
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
B
u
si
n
e
ss E
t
h
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
9
,
n
o
.
1
–
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
–
1
9
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
0
5
5
1
-
0
07
-
9
3
8
3
-
7.
[
1
3
]
C
.
M
a
l
l
i
n
,
H
.
F
a
r
a
g
,
a
n
d
K
.
O
.
-
Y
o
n
g
,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
I
sl
a
mi
c
b
a
n
k
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
& O
r
g
a
n
i
za
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
3
,
p
p
.
S
2
1
–
S
3
8
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
j
e
b
o
.
2
0
1
4
.
0
3
.
0
0
1
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
R
a
m
z
a
n
,
M
.
A
mi
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
b
b
a
s
,
“
H
o
w
d
o
e
s
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
,
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
st
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
i
n
c
l
u
si
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
sec
t
o
r
?
E
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
,
”
Re
sea
r
c
h
i
n
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Bu
s
i
n
e
ss
a
n
d
Fi
n
a
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
Jan
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
i
b
a
f
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
1
3
1
4
.
[
1
5
]
E.
N
d
i
w
e
n
i
,
F
.
H
a
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
K
.
H
a
s
san
,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
o
f
b
a
n
k
s
i
n
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
s
h
:
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
o
r
y
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
I
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Fi
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
0
–
3
6
0
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
5
1
1
/
i
mf
i
.
1
5
(
1
)
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
9
.
[
1
6
]
P
.
L.
C
o
c
h
r
a
n
a
n
d
R
.
A
.
W
o
o
d
,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
”
A
c
a
d
e
m
y
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
–
5
6
,
M
a
r
.
1
9
8
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
3
0
7
/
2
5
5
9
5
6
.
[
1
7
]
F
.
D
a
r
u
s,
H
.
Y
u
s
o
f
f
,
D
.
M
.
A
.
N
a
i
m
,
A
.
A
mr
a
n
,
a
n
d
H
.
F
a
u
z
i
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
o
f
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
n
I
sl
a
m
i
c
b
a
n
k
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
sh
a
r
i
a
h
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
:
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
k
e
y
d
i
me
n
s
i
o
n
s,
”
G
l
o
b
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
A
l
-
T
h
a
q
a
f
a
h
,
p
p
.
4
1
–
5
5
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
7
1
8
7
/
G
JA
T
S
I
2
0
1
8
-
03
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
B
.
C
a
r
r
o
l
l
,
“
T
h
e
p
y
r
a
m
i
d
o
f
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
:
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
h
e
mo
r
a
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s,”
Bu
si
n
e
ss H
o
ri
z
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
–
4
8
,
J
u
l
.
1
9
9
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
0
0
0
7
-
6
8
1
3
(
9
1
)
9
0
0
0
5
-
G.
[
1
9
]
A
.
D
a
h
l
sr
u
d
,
“
H
o
w
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
:
a
n
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
3
7
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
s,
”
C
o
r
p
o
ra
t
e
S
o
c
i
a
l
R
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
3
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
c
sr
.
1
3
2
.
[
2
0
]
J.
A
.
N
i
r
e
s
h
a
n
d
W
.
H
.
E
S
i
l
v
a
,
“
Th
e
n
e
x
u
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
i
s
c
l
o
su
r
e
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
:
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
i
st
e
d
b
a
n
k
s,
f
i
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
i
n
su
r
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s i
n
S
r
i
L
a
n
k
a
,
”
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
Fi
n
a
n
c
e
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
65
-
82
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
4
3
0
/
a
f
r
.
v
7
n
2
p
6
5
.
[
2
1
]
M
.
W
.
W
u
a
n
d
C
.
H
.
S
h
e
n
,
“
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
st
r
y
:
mo
t
i
v
e
s
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ba
n
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
5
2
9
–
3
5
4
7
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
j
b
a
n
k
f
i
n
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
4
.
0
2
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.