I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
d
van
c
e
s
i
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
(
I
JA
A
S
)
V
ol
.
15
, N
o.
1
,
M
a
r
c
h
20
26
, pp.
65
~
76
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
a
s
.
v15.
i
1
.
pp
65
-
76
65
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
aas
.i
ae
s
c
or
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.c
om
In
n
ovat
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ve
c
l
i
m
at
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f
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s:
a sc
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g r
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d
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s f
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h
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i
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Jaz
im
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u
l
H
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s
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a
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, I
m
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I
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ah
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2
, I
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g Wid
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3
1
D
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pa
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t
m
e
nt
of
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nf
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a
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on a
nd C
ul
t
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e
, V
oc
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t
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hool
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ni
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ndone
s
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2
F
a
c
ul
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y of
I
nf
or
m
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t
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on M
a
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m
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nt
, U
ni
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s
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T
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knol
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A
R
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, S
ha
h A
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m
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l
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D
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pa
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t
m
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E
nvi
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onm
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l
E
ngi
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r
i
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a
c
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M
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ne
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a
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T
e
c
hnol
ogy, U
P
N
V
e
t
e
r
a
n Y
ogya
ka
r
t
a
, Y
ogya
ka
r
t
a
, I
ndone
s
i
a
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
N
ov 30, 2024
R
e
vi
s
e
d
N
ov 13, 2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
a
n 1, 2026
This
research
aims
to
develop
innovative
information
services
to
stre
ngthen
decision
-
making
in
climate
change
mitigation
through
a
scoping
revie
w
and
bibliometric
analysis
(ScoRBA).
A
systematic
search
of
the
Scopus
da
tabase
identified
1,214
publications
from
2009
to
2023,
with
383
meeting
inclusion
criteria.
Using
the
patterns,
advances,
gaps,
evidence,
and
recommen
dations
(PAGER)
framework,
this
research
provides
a
transparent
synthe
sis
of
evidence
on
climate
informat
ion
services
(CIS).
The
analysis
revea
l
s
four
major
thematic
clusters:
i)
emerging
technologies
and
innov
ations,
ii)
climate
and
environmental
studies,
iii)
information
systems
and
de
cision
-
making,
and
iv)
context
awaren
ess
and
applic
ations.
Technologie
s
s
uch
as
service
-
oriented
architecture
(SOA),
internet
of
things
(IoT),
and
cloud
computi
ng
are
key
enablers
for
improvi
ng
CIS
accuracy
and
effi
ciency.
Evidence
shows
that
these
technologies
have
been
suc
cessfully
app
lied
in
agricult
ure
and
aquacultu
re
across
Vietnam,
Banglades
h,
and
Au
stralia.
North
African
countries
have
adopted
IoT
-
based
water
management
systems
to
address
water
scarcity,
while
India
employs
similar
technologies
to
optimize
agricultural
resources.
Integrating
local
knowledge
with
sci
entific
data
—
particularly
in
Africa,
Southeast
Asia,
and
South
Americ
a
—
has
proven
essential
for
effective
adaptation
strategies.
This
research
ad
vances
theoretic
al
and
practica
l
understand
ing
of
CIS,
offering
evidence
-
based
insights
to
guide
the
developmen
t
of
adaptive
and
equitable
c
limate
informa
tion frame
works.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
ib
li
om
e
tr
ic
a
na
ly
s
is
C
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
D
e
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
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I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
S
c
opi
ng r
e
vi
e
w
S
c
oR
B
A
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
J
a
z
im
a
tu
l
H
us
n
a
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on a
nd C
ul
tu
r
e
, V
oc
a
ti
ona
l
S
c
hool
, U
ni
ve
r
s
it
a
s
D
ip
one
gor
o
P
r
of
. S
oe
da
r
to
S
t
r
e
e
t,
S
H
., T
e
m
ba
la
ng, S
e
m
a
r
a
ng, I
ndone
s
ia
E
m
a
il
:
ja
z
im
a
tu
lh
us
na
@
le
c
tu
r
e
r
.undip.a
c
.i
d
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
C
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
is
a
r
gua
bl
y
th
e
m
os
t
s
e
v
e
r
e
pr
obl
e
m
th
a
t
th
e
w
or
ld
f
a
c
e
s
,
a
nd
it
is
im
pa
c
ti
ng
th
e
li
vi
ng
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
,
th
e
e
c
onomy,
a
nd
s
oc
ie
ty
.
H
um
a
ni
ty
is
ove
r
he
a
r
in
g
on
a
ll
s
id
e
s
a
bout
how
th
e
e
a
r
th
’
s
s
ur
f
a
c
e
ha
s
be
c
om
e
w
a
r
m
e
r
by
up
to
be
twe
e
n
1.5
°
C
a
nd
2
°
C
a
s
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
ti
m
e
s
be
f
or
e
th
e
in
dus
tr
ia
l
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vol
ut
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n,
a
c
c
or
di
ng
to
th
e
I
nt
e
r
gove
r
nm
e
nt
a
l
P
a
ne
l
on
C
li
m
a
te
C
ha
nge
(
I
P
C
C
)
,
a
nd
th
e
he
a
ti
ng
is
s
ti
ll
goi
ng
on
s
in
c
e
w
e
ke
e
p
pum
pi
ng
gr
e
e
nhou
s
e
ga
s
e
s
in
to
th
e
a
t
m
os
phe
r
e
[
1]
.
T
o
ha
ve
a
tr
ut
hf
ul
pi
c
tu
r
e
of
th
e
s
it
ua
ti
on,
one
c
a
n
s
a
y
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e
c
h
a
nge
s
in
th
e
c
li
m
a
t
e
a
r
e
s
hi
f
ti
ng
th
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
in
te
n
s
it
y
of
f
lo
ods
,
dr
oughts
,
a
nd
tr
opi
c
a
l
c
yc
lo
n
e
s
in
m
ul
ti
pl
e
pl
a
c
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s
.
A
gr
ic
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tu
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e
,
in
f
r
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s
tr
uc
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,
a
nd
publ
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he
a
lt
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r
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a
m
ong
th
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m
os
t
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f
f
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te
d s
e
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to
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s
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o be
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e
c
kon
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d w
it
h a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
r
e
por
t
f
or
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
[
2]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
. 15, No. 1, M
a
r
c
h 2026
:
65
-
76
66
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
it
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
de
pl
oy
th
e
m
os
t
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
e
vi
de
nc
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-
ba
s
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d
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c
is
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-
m
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ki
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to
ove
r
c
om
e
r
is
ks
a
nd
f
ur
th
e
r
s
tr
e
ngt
he
n
a
da
pt
iv
e
c
a
pa
c
it
y.
O
ne
of
th
e
m
os
t
im
por
ta
nt
s
te
ps
to
w
a
r
ds
th
a
t
is
c
li
m
a
t
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
(
C
I
S
)
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
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s
uppor
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th
e
s
ubs
t
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nt
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l
e
c
onomi
c
a
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ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
be
ne
f
it
s
of
th
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s
e
s
ys
te
m
s
.
T
hu
s
,
s
tu
di
e
s
by
V
o
e
t
al
.
[
3]
s
ho
w
th
e
im
pr
ove
d
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
va
lu
e
of
th
e
s
e
a
s
ona
l
r
a
in
f
a
ll
f
or
e
c
a
s
t
in
V
ie
tn
a
m
w
a
s
up
to
U
S
D
220
pe
r
h
e
c
ta
r
e
,
a
nd
a
C
I
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
th
e
a
qua
c
ul
tu
r
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s
e
c
to
r
in
B
a
ngl
a
de
s
h
e
nha
nc
e
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
r
is
k
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
[
4]
.
T
he
y
c
om
bi
ne
to
s
how
th
e
w
a
ys
th
a
t
da
ta
-
dr
iv
e
n
c
li
m
a
te
s
ol
ut
io
ns
s
pe
e
d
up
a
d
a
pt
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
to
th
e
f
ul
f
il
lm
e
nt
of
th
e
P
a
r
is
A
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
’
s
r
e
s
il
ie
nc
e
goa
ls
[
5]
.
O
n
th
e
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
A
f
r
ic
a
h
a
s
li
m
it
e
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
C
I
S
,
w
hi
c
h
is
a
b
a
r
r
ie
r
to
th
e
a
da
pt
iv
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d
e
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
, e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y f
or
s
m
a
ll
hol
de
r
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
[
6]
, [
7]
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
to
M
ye
ni
e
t
al
.
[
7]
la
c
k
of
w
e
a
th
e
r
da
ta
w
a
s
one
o
f
th
e
f
a
c
to
r
s
th
a
t
le
d
to
a
r
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duc
ti
on
in
c
r
op
yi
e
ld
s
in
S
out
h
A
f
r
ic
a
.
M
a
ki
ng
C
I
S
m
or
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
le
to
e
v
e
r
yone
c
a
n
h
e
lp
bui
ld
up
th
e
r
e
s
is
ta
n
c
e
of
th
e
e
a
r
th
a
nd
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
th
e
odds
th
a
t
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
w
or
ld
w
il
l
be
vul
ne
r
a
bl
e
[
8]
,
[
9]
.
I
n
th
e
ir
w
or
k,
K
um
a
r
e
t
al
.
[
8]
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
th
a
t
th
e
vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
of
f
or
e
c
a
s
ts
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
th
e
pr
e
pa
r
e
dne
s
s
of
c
om
m
uni
ti
e
s
li
vi
ng
in
th
e
B
e
nga
l
D
e
lt
a
,
w
he
r
e
a
s
V
e
s
c
ouki
s
e
t
al
.
[
9]
poi
nt
e
d
to
th
e
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nc
e
of
th
e
in
c
or
por
a
ti
on
of
c
li
m
a
te
da
ta
in
ur
ba
n
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
pl
a
nni
ng
a
s
a
w
a
y
to
le
s
s
e
n
th
e
e
xpos
ur
e
to
di
s
a
s
te
r
s
.
T
he
P
a
r
is
A
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
s
ur
ba
n c
li
m
a
te
a
da
pt
a
ti
on a
s
a
pr
im
a
r
y t
ool
f
or
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
r
e
du
c
in
g c
li
m
a
te
-
r
e
la
te
d r
is
ks
[
10]
–
[
12]
.
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
e
xpa
nd
th
e
a
na
ly
ti
c
a
l
c
a
pa
c
it
y
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
or
a
da
pt
a
ti
on
a
s
w
e
ll
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
to
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
by
S
m
it
h
e
t
al
.
[
13]
a
nd
K
e
s
ha
v
a
r
z
[
14]
,
us
e
r
-
c
e
nt
r
ic
da
ta
a
c
c
e
s
s
w
it
h
th
e
s
uppor
t
of
he
r
m
e
ne
ut
ic
phe
nom
e
nol
ogy
le
a
ds
to
be
tt
e
r
us
e
.
P
r
a
do
[
15]
hi
ghl
ig
ht
e
d
th
e
pos
it
iv
e
im
pa
c
t
of
tr
a
in
in
g
in
da
ta
ha
ndl
in
g
s
ki
ll
s
on
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng,
w
hi
le
A
m
a
r
a
l
[
16]
c
onc
lu
de
d
th
a
t
a
de
e
p
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
of
c
li
m
a
te
da
ta
e
xp
e
di
te
s
th
e
a
da
pt
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
M
a
th
ia
s
s
e
n
a
nd
S
ør
e
ns
e
n
[
17]
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
S
c
hum
a
nn
a
nd
S
to
c
k
[
18]
,
ha
ve
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
th
e
or
e
ti
c
a
l
m
ode
ls
f
or
a
s
s
e
s
s
in
g
or
ga
ni
z
a
ti
ona
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
th
a
t
a
r
e
in
li
ne
w
it
h
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
goa
ls
13 (
S
D
G
13
)
on c
a
pa
c
it
y buil
di
ng a
nd t
e
c
hnol
ogy tr
a
ns
f
e
r
t
o de
ve
lo
pi
ng c
ount
r
ie
s
[
19]
.
I
n
m
or
e
ge
ne
r
a
l
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
s
c
e
na
r
io
s
,
S
c
hr
öt
e
r
e
t
al
.
[
20]
e
s
ta
bl
is
he
d
a
li
nk
be
twe
e
n
th
e
s
u
s
c
e
pt
ib
il
it
y
of
na
tu
r
a
l
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
a
nd
th
e
c
hoi
c
e
s
of
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
.
N
ona
ka
a
nd
T
a
ke
u
c
hi
[
21]
a
nd
M
a
h
a
ll
e
a
nd
D
hot
r
e
[
22]
hi
ghl
ig
ht
e
d
th
e
r
ol
e
of
in
nova
ti
on
a
nd
c
ont
e
xt
-
a
w
a
r
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
in
th
e
pr
ogr
e
s
s
io
n
of
C
I
S
.
A
s
th
e
P
a
r
is
A
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
put
s
it
,
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
in
nova
ti
on
is
th
e
m
a
in
dr
iv
e
r
f
o
r
da
ta
-
ba
s
e
d
c
li
m
a
te
a
c
ti
on
[
5]
.
N
e
ve
r
th
e
le
s
s
,
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
la
r
ge
hol
e
s
.
W
a
r
ne
r
e
t
al
.
[
23]
a
nd D
ia
ll
o
a
nd
Y
ovo
[
24]
ha
ve
m
e
nt
io
ne
d
th
a
t
th
e
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
e
nc
ount
e
r
e
d
in
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
C
I
S
in
to
pol
ic
ie
s
a
r
e
b
r
ought
a
bout
by
th
e
la
c
k
of
e
nough c
ont
e
xt
ua
l
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
a
nd
th
a
t
di
s
s
e
m
in
a
ti
on
to
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ke
r
s
is
done
in
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on,
th
e
e
xi
s
ti
ng
r
e
vi
e
w
s
ha
ve
not
ye
t
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
th
e
c
ha
ll
e
nge
of
th
e
gl
oba
l
tr
a
ns
it
io
n
a
nd
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
of
C
I
S
th
r
ough
uni
f
ie
d
s
c
opi
ng
r
e
vi
e
w
a
nd
bi
bl
io
m
e
tr
ic
a
na
ly
s
is
(
S
c
oR
B
A
)
a
nd
pa
tt
e
r
ns
,
a
dva
nc
e
s
,
ga
p
s
,
e
vi
de
nc
e
,
a
nd
r
e
c
om
m
e
nda
ti
ons
(
P
A
G
E
R
)
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
,
w
hi
c
h
is
th
e
m
is
s
in
g
poi
nt
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
a
im
e
d
a
t
to
he
lp
th
e
c
li
m
a
te
a
da
pt
a
ti
on s
tr
a
te
gi
c
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
us
e
s
two
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
m
e
th
ods
,
th
e
S
c
oR
B
A
a
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
nde
d
by
W
ij
a
ya
e
t
al
.
[
25]
,
a
n
d
a
tt
e
m
pt
s
to
f
il
l
th
is
ga
p
.
S
c
oR
B
A
a
ll
ow
s
de
e
p
ga
p
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
in
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
of
f
e
r
s
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
s
ugge
s
ti
on
s
f
or
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
th
e
f
ie
ld
[
26]
. T
o
c
om
pl
e
m
e
nt
,
th
e
P
A
G
E
R
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
in
tr
oduc
e
d
by J
one
s
e
t
al
.
[
27]
is
us
e
d t
o s
uppor
t
th
e
s
ys
te
m
a
ti
c
r
e
vi
e
w
by
m
a
ppi
ng r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h pa
tt
e
r
ns
, s
um
m
a
r
iz
in
g pr
ogr
e
s
s
, a
nd i
de
nt
if
yi
ng
s
tr
a
te
gi
c
di
r
e
c
ti
ons
f
or
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
[
28]
,
[
29]
.
I
n
th
e
e
nd,
th
is
pa
pe
r
c
ons
ti
tu
te
s
a
f
ul
l
-
f
le
dge
d
a
c
c
ount
of
th
e
C
I
S
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
nd
it
s
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
s
uppor
t
th
e
a
da
pt
iv
e
r
e
s
pons
e
to
th
e
e
xa
c
e
r
ba
ti
ng
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
gl
oba
l
w
a
r
m
in
g.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
A
N
D
D
A
T
A
C
O
L
L
E
C
T
I
O
N
P
R
O
C
E
D
U
R
E
S
B
ui
ld
in
g
upon
th
e
c
onc
e
pt
ua
l
r
a
ti
ona
le
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ga
p
s
id
e
nt
i
f
ie
d
in
th
e
i
nt
r
oduc
ti
on,
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
m
pl
oye
d
a
c
om
bi
ne
d
m
e
th
odol
ogi
c
a
l
de
s
ig
n
th
a
t
e
m
pl
oye
d
a
f
iv
e
-
s
te
p
s
c
opi
ng
r
e
vi
e
w
w
it
h
S
c
oR
B
A
[
25]
to
c
onduc
t
a
s
ys
te
m
a
ti
c
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
vi
e
w
on
th
e
i
s
s
ue
of
how
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
in
a
da
pt
a
ti
on
to
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
ng
e
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
a
s
de
s
ig
ne
d
by
a
da
pt
in
g
O
l
s
e
n
e
t
al
.
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
[
30]
.
T
h
e
s
e
le
c
ti
on
m
e
th
ods
w
he
r
e
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
c
oul
d
m
a
p
a
la
r
ge
r
a
nge
of
e
vi
de
nc
e
w
hi
ls
t
s
us
ta
in
in
g
th
e
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y of
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h m
e
th
od
s
.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
us
e
s
V
O
S
vi
e
w
e
r
to
a
na
ly
z
e
a
nd
c
r
e
a
te
a
r
ig
or
ous
vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
of
th
e
f
in
di
ngs
of
publ
ic
a
ti
on
ne
twor
ks
a
nd
c
o
-
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
s
[
31]
.
E
ll
e
ga
a
r
d
a
nd
W
a
ll
in
[
32]
,
a
ls
o
Ö
z
tü
r
k
e
t
a
l.
[
33
]
,
bot
h
hi
ghl
ig
ht
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
a
na
ly
s
is
w
oul
d
not
onl
y
m
e
a
s
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
out
put
th
r
ough
th
e
e
vol
ut
io
n
of
th
e
th
e
m
e
s
, but
t
he
y a
ls
o a
ll
ow
t
he
or
de
r
of
a
s
ol
id
ba
s
e
f
or
e
vi
de
nc
e
s
ynt
he
s
is
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h w
a
s
c
ondu
c
te
d f
r
om
S
c
opus
.
T
he
S
c
opus
c
on
s
is
ts
of
a
w
id
e
r
a
nge
of
bi
bl
io
gr
a
phi
c
r
e
c
or
ds
.
E
ve
n
th
ough
r
e
ly
in
g
on
a
s
in
gl
e
da
ta
ba
s
e
m
a
y
ha
ve
li
m
it
e
d
th
e
e
xt
e
n
s
iv
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
publ
ic
a
ti
ons
in
c
e
r
ta
in
f
ie
ld
s
[
28]
,
[
34]
.
T
o
e
n
s
ur
e
r
e
li
a
bl
e
c
onne
c
ti
ons
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
num
e
r
ic
a
l
da
ta
a
nd
th
e
na
r
r
a
ti
ve
de
s
c
r
ip
ti
ons
, s
e
ns
e
m
a
ki
ng
te
c
hni
que
s
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
[
35]
.
T
he
te
c
hni
que
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
s
th
e
li
nk
be
twe
e
n
bi
bl
io
m
e
tr
ic
s
r
e
s
ul
ts
w
it
h
qua
li
ta
ti
ve
c
ont
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
a
nd
e
xpe
r
t
in
te
r
pr
e
ta
ti
on
[
33]
,
[
35]
.
T
he
tr
ia
ngul
a
ti
on
of
th
e
m
e
th
ods
c
r
e
a
te
s
a
be
tt
e
r
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
of
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a
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h
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th
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S
c
opus
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ta
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s
e
in
J
ul
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2024.
T
he
s
e
le
c
ti
on
of
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c
opu
s
a
s
th
e
da
ta
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s
e
f
or
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e
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c
h
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s
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a
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it
s
s
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bl
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ove
r
a
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e
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ti
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a
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[
36]
,
[
37]
.
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ij
a
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al
.
[
38]
e
m
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e
d
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a
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opus
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h,
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tu
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n,
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r
c
a
s
s
i
a
nd
S
ba
r
dol
in
i
[
39]
,
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
to
c
om
bi
ne
th
e
te
r
m
s
“
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,”
“
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng,”
a
nd
“
c
li
m
a
t
e
c
ha
nge
”
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
oul
d
c
a
pt
ur
e
a
ll
th
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
id
e
s
of
t
he
t
opi
c
t
ha
t
w
e
r
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y.
T
a
bl
e
1. R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
te
ps
a
nd me
th
ods
by Ar
ks
e
y a
nd O
’
M
a
ll
e
y
[
40]
S
t
e
p
D
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
q
ue
s
t
i
ons
D
e
f
i
ne
d t
he
m
a
i
n que
s
t
i
on:
how
do i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
s
uppor
t
de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng i
n m
a
na
gi
ng c
l
i
m
a
t
e
c
ha
nge
i
m
pa
c
t
s
?
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on
R
e
l
e
va
nt
,
pe
e
r
-
r
e
vi
e
w
e
d
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
r
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
ve
d
f
r
om
t
he
S
c
opus
d
a
t
a
ba
s
e
,
f
oc
us
i
ng
on
s
t
udi
e
s
e
xa
m
i
ni
ng t
he
us
e
of
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
i
n c
l
i
m
a
t
e
c
ha
nge
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
.
D
a
t
a
r
e
c
or
di
ng
E
xt
r
a
c
t
e
d
a
nd
or
ga
ni
z
e
d
da
t
a
us
i
ng
ke
y
w
or
d
c
o
-
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
a
na
l
ys
i
s
t
o
vi
s
u
a
l
i
z
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
ps
a
n
d
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
t
he
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
on o
f
how
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
i
m
pa
c
t
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng.
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng a
nd
r
e
por
t
i
ng
A
ppl
i
e
d
t
he
P
A
G
E
R
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
[
27]
.
t
o
s
ynt
he
s
i
z
e
f
i
ndi
ngs
,
s
um
m
a
r
i
z
e
pr
ogr
e
s
s
,
a
nd
i
de
nt
i
f
y
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h di
r
e
c
t
i
ons
.
E
va
l
ua
t
i
on
A
s
s
e
s
s
e
d
m
e
t
hodol
ogi
c
a
l
r
i
gor
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
i
n
a
ddr
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s
s
i
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obj
e
c
t
i
ve
s
,
a
nd
pr
opos
e
d
di
r
e
c
t
i
ons
f
or
f
ut
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ba
s
e
d on e
xi
s
t
i
ng e
vi
de
n
c
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
1. P
R
I
S
M
A
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
of
t
he
s
e
a
r
c
h s
tr
a
te
gy a
s
a
da
pt
e
d f
r
om
P
a
ge
e
t
al
.
[
41]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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I
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J
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dv A
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V
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. 15, No. 1, M
a
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:
65
-
76
68
I
n
th
e
th
ir
d
s
t
e
p,
F
i
gur
e
1
d
e
pi
c
ts
th
e
in
c
lu
s
io
n
a
nd
e
x
c
lu
s
io
n
c
r
it
e
r
i
a
th
a
t
w
e
r
e
a
p
pl
ie
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
P
R
I
S
M
A
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
[
41]
to
e
n
s
ur
e
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
a
nd
r
e
pr
od
uc
ib
il
it
y
in
th
e
a
r
ti
c
l
e
s
e
le
c
ti
on
a
nd
s
c
r
e
e
ni
n
g
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
c
r
it
e
r
i
a
f
oc
u
s
e
d
on
E
ngl
is
h
-
la
ng
ua
g
e
,
S
c
op
us
-
in
de
xe
d
j
our
na
l
a
r
ti
c
l
e
s
a
ddr
e
s
s
i
ng
in
f
or
m
a
t
io
n
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
, c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
n
ge
, a
nd de
c
is
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng f
r
om
up
-
to
-
da
te
s
our
c
e
s
[
42]
, [
43]
. T
hi
s
s
ta
g
e
yi
e
l
de
d 38
3 pe
e
r
-
r
e
vi
e
w
e
d,
h
ig
h
-
qu
a
li
ty
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
de
e
m
e
d s
ui
t
a
bl
e
f
or
a
n
a
ly
s
is
us
i
ng
S
c
o
R
B
A
.
T
he
f
our
t
h
a
nd
f
if
t
h
s
t
e
p
s
,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
f
ur
t
he
r
e
xp
la
in
e
d
in
t
he
da
t
a
-
c
h
a
r
ti
ng
a
nd
di
s
c
u
s
s
i
on
s
e
c
ti
on
s
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y,
r
e
ve
a
l
th
e
m
e
a
n
s
by
w
hi
c
h
th
e
a
ut
hor
s
c
om
p
il
e
d,
c
a
t
e
gor
i
z
e
d,
a
nd e
xpl
a
i
ne
d t
h
e
ir
da
t
a
i
n or
de
r
to
de
te
r
m
i
ne
t
h
e
ir
m
a
in
po
in
ts
a
nd t
h
e
a
r
e
a
s
of
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h w
he
r
e
th
e
y
w
e
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l
a
c
ki
ng.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t,
th
i
s
m
e
th
od
h
e
lp
e
d
to
c
l
a
r
if
y t
he
ne
xus
b
e
tw
e
e
n
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
c
li
m
a
t
e
c
ha
n
ge
,
a
nd
de
c
is
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng i
n
i
m
pa
c
t
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
by pr
o
vi
di
ng
i
ns
ig
ht
f
ul
m
a
te
r
i
a
l.
3.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
T
he
r
e
s
ul
ts
c
a
n
be
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
in
f
ig
ur
e
s
,
gr
a
phs
,
ta
bl
e
s
,
a
nd
ot
he
r
s
th
a
t
m
a
ke
th
e
r
e
a
de
r
unde
r
s
ta
nd
e
a
s
il
y
[
44]
,
[
45]
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
ts
of
th
e
in
it
ia
l
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
ho
w
e
d
1,214
doc
um
e
nt
s
be
tw
e
e
n
2009
a
nd
2023.
W
it
hi
n 383 doc
um
e
nt
s
,
f
in
a
ll
y m
e
e
ti
ng t
he
i
nc
lu
s
io
n a
nd e
x
c
lu
s
io
n c
r
it
e
r
ia
f
or
f
u
r
th
e
r
a
na
ly
s
is
.
3.1.
P
u
b
li
c
at
io
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
T
he
f
in
di
ngs
in
F
ig
ur
e
2
s
how
th
a
t
th
e
num
be
r
of
publ
ic
a
ti
on
s
a
bout
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
,
a
nd
de
c
i
s
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
ha
s
be
e
n
s
te
a
di
ly
r
is
in
g
s
in
c
e
20
09.
T
he
la
s
t
s
ix
ye
a
r
s
ha
ve
s
e
e
n
a
ve
r
y
s
h
a
r
p
r
is
e
.
S
uc
h
a
n
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
is
in
di
c
a
ti
ve
of
th
e
e
xpa
ndi
ng
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
te
r
e
s
t
in
th
e
in
te
r
r
e
la
ti
ons
of
th
e
s
e
th
r
e
e
s
ubj
e
c
ts
.
T
he
ye
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r
2023
s
a
w
th
e
num
be
r
of
publ
ic
a
ti
ons
r
e
a
c
h
th
e
ir
m
a
xi
m
um
a
t
38,
w
hi
c
h
is
a
c
le
a
r
in
di
c
a
ti
on
of
th
e
r
is
in
g
p
r
om
in
e
nc
e
of
research
th
a
t
a
im
s
a
t
de
e
pe
ni
ng
th
e
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
of
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
a
nd
s
uppor
ti
ng
th
e
i
s
s
ui
ng
of
m
or
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
de
c
i
s
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
2. s
how
a
nnu
a
l
publ
ic
a
ti
on
is
c
ons
is
te
nt
w
it
h
th
e
da
ta
pr
ovi
de
d
by
th
e
I
P
C
C
[
1]
.
T
hi
s
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
e
xpa
ns
io
n
m
ir
r
or
s
th
e
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on
in
th
e
P
a
r
is
A
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
th
a
t
C
I
S
,
a
s
not
e
d
by
D
e
lb
e
ke
e
t
al
.
[
12]
a
nd
H
or
ow
it
z
[
5]
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on,
th
e
di
s
tr
ib
ut
i
on
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
ubj
e
c
t
s
is
a
s
ig
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
f
a
c
to
r
in
th
e
tr
e
nd
de
pi
c
te
d
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
c
ont
r
ib
ut
or
s
of
c
li
m
a
t
e
c
ha
n
ge
-
r
e
l
a
te
d
pub
li
c
a
ti
on
s
w
e
r
e
c
om
put
e
r
s
c
ie
n
c
e
(
2
0.9%
)
a
n
d
e
ngi
n
e
e
r
in
g
(
14.2%
)
,
w
it
h
149
a
n
d
101 s
tu
di
e
s
, r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y.
B
e
s
id
e
s
t
h
a
t,
e
nvi
r
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nm
e
nt
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l
s
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i
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nc
e
(
1
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)
a
nd
e
a
r
t
h a
n
d pl
a
ne
t
a
r
y
s
c
i
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nc
e
(
11.
6%
)
ha
ve
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l
s
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c
ont
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ub
s
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ll
y
,
w
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th
96
a
nd
83 p
ubl
ic
a
ti
on
s
,
r
e
s
p
e
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ti
ve
ly
.
F
ig
ur
e
2. A
nnua
l
publ
ic
a
ti
ons
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
S
c
opu
s
da
ta
ba
s
e
(
2
009
-
2023)
F
ig
ur
e
3. T
op 10 r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h s
ubj
e
c
ts
i
n t
he
S
c
opus
d
a
ta
ba
s
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
D
oc
5
16
20
16
25
17
24
19
22
18
26
34
36
30
38
Y
e
a
r
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
A
n
n
u
a
l
of
P
u
bl
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
D
e
c
i
s
i
on S
c
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s
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
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i
c
s
A
gr
ic
ult
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a
l
a
nd
B
iol
og
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a
l S
c
ie
nc
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s
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us
i
ne
s
s
, M
a
na
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m
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M
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c
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ngi
ne
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C
om
put
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N
u
m
be
r
of
doc
u
m
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t
s
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c
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s
R
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u
bj
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t
s
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r
e
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
A
dv A
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I
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:
2252
-
8814
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or
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at
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:
a s
c
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v
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w
and
bi
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analy
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is
…
(
J
az
imat
ul
H
us
na)
69
3.2.
T
h
e
m
at
ic
t
h
e
m
e
s
T
he
f
our
th
s
te
p
in
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
a
s
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
na
ly
s
i
s
.
T
he
a
na
ly
s
is
c
om
bi
ne
d
c
o
-
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
ke
yw
or
d
a
na
ly
s
e
s
f
or
a
qua
nt
it
a
ti
ve
m
a
ppi
ng
of
c
om
pl
e
x
ke
yw
or
d
ne
twor
ks
.
T
he
m
e
th
od
u
s
e
d
he
r
e
un
c
ove
r
s
la
te
nt
c
or
r
e
la
ti
ons
a
nd
th
e
m
a
ti
c
r
e
la
ti
ons
hi
ps
th
a
t
a
r
e
not
di
s
c
e
r
ne
d
by
c
onve
nt
io
na
l
na
r
r
a
ti
ve
r
e
vi
e
w
s
,
a
s
pe
r
th
e
de
s
c
r
ip
ti
on of
O
ls
e
n
e
t
al
.
[
30]
.
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
ondu
c
te
d
a
bi
bl
io
m
e
tr
ic
a
n
a
ly
s
is
on
383
pa
pe
r
s
,
r
e
tr
ie
ve
d
f
r
om
th
e
S
c
opus
da
ta
ba
s
e
us
in
g
V
O
S
vi
e
w
e
r
[
46]
.
A
m
ong
1,366
a
ut
hor
ke
yw
or
ds
,
172
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
a
t
le
a
s
t
twi
c
e
a
nd
w
e
r
e
in
c
lu
de
d
f
or
f
ur
th
e
r
a
na
ly
s
is
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
ke
yw
or
d
ne
twor
k,
vi
s
ua
li
z
e
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
4
,
s
how
s
th
e
f
our
th
e
m
a
ti
c
c
lu
s
t
e
r
s
th
a
t
s
ta
nd
f
or
th
e
in
te
r
r
e
la
te
d
r
e
la
ti
ons
hi
ps
be
twe
e
n
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
,
a
nd
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
.
T
he
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
of
th
e
S
c
oR
B
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
[
25]
ha
s
he
lp
e
d
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
to
unve
il
th
e
di
r
e
c
t
a
nd
s
tr
ong
c
onne
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
C
I
S
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
w
hi
c
h
is
pa
vi
ng
th
e
w
a
y
f
or
th
e
ne
xt
in
te
r
di
s
c
ip
li
na
r
y r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
nd poli
c
y de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
gr
ounde
d i
n t
he
e
vi
de
nc
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
4
. V
is
ua
li
z
a
ti
on r
e
s
ul
ts
of
383 c
o
-
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
s
of
a
ut
hor
ke
yw
or
ds
T
he
da
t
a
s
um
m
a
r
iz
e
d
in
T
a
bl
e
2
de
s
c
r
ib
e
th
e
c
om
pos
it
io
n
a
nd
f
oc
us
of
th
e
f
our
id
e
nt
if
ie
d
c
lu
s
t
e
r
s
.
T
he
s
e
c
lu
s
te
r
s
in
T
a
bl
e
2
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
how
th
e
th
r
e
e
e
le
m
e
nt
s
of
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
in
nova
ti
on,
a
nd
c
li
m
a
te
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
ha
ve
be
e
n
a
t
th
e
c
or
e
of
s
uppor
ti
ng
a
da
pt
iv
e
,
da
ta
-
in
f
or
m
e
d
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
f
o
r
th
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
c
li
m
a
te
pol
ic
ie
s
.
T
he
s
ubs
e
que
nt
s
e
c
ti
on
ta
ke
s
th
e
s
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
f
ur
th
e
r
by
us
in
g
th
e
P
A
G
E
R
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
de
c
ode
th
e
c
onc
e
pt
ua
l
li
nka
ge
s
a
nd
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h di
r
e
c
ti
ons
t
ha
t
a
r
e
be
hi
nd t
he
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
pa
tt
e
r
ns
.
T
a
bl
e
2
. F
our
t
he
m
a
ti
c
c
lu
s
te
r
s
a
nd t
he
ir
m
a
in
ke
yw
or
ds
w
e
r
e
i
de
nt
if
ie
d i
n t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
No
C
l
us
t
e
r
K
e
yw
or
d
F
oc
us
M
a
i
n ke
yw
or
ds
1
R
e
d
62
E
m
e
r
gi
ng
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
a
nd
i
nnova
t
i
ons
S
e
r
vi
c
e
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
(
S
O
A
)
,
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
,
w
e
b
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
c
l
oud
c
om
put
i
ng,
c
ont
e
xt
-
a
w
a
r
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
a
m
bi
e
nt
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
,
a
nd qua
l
i
t
y of
s
e
r
vi
c
e
a
l
s
o i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
w
i
t
h de
c
i
s
i
on
s
uppor
t
s
ys
t
e
m
s
.
2
G
r
e
e
n
52
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
s
t
udi
e
s
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
c
ha
nge
,
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
c
ha
nge
a
da
pt
a
t
i
on,
C
I
S
,
publ
i
c
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng,
s
us
t
a
i
na
bl
e
de
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
,
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on,
e
xt
r
e
m
e
w
e
a
t
he
r
, a
nd a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
a
l
de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng.
3
B
l
ue
32
I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
nd de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng
D
e
c
i
s
i
on
s
uppor
t
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
know
l
e
dge
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
, i
ndus
t
r
y 4.0, a
nd e
xt
r
e
m
e
w
e
a
t
he
r
e
ve
nt
s
.
4
Y
e
l
l
ow
24
C
ont
e
xt
a
w
a
r
e
ne
s
s
a
nd a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
de
c
i
s
i
on
tr
e
e
s
,
da
t
a
m
i
ni
ng,
know
l
e
dge
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
, bi
g da
t
a
, r
e
m
ot
e
s
e
n
s
i
ng, a
nd i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on ne
e
ds
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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J
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dv A
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c
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,
V
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. 15, No. 1, M
a
r
c
h 2026
:
65
-
76
70
4.
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
T
he
f
if
th
s
te
p
of
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
oc
us
e
s
on
f
our
c
or
e
th
e
m
e
s
of
in
nova
ti
ve
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
f
or
c
li
m
a
te
-
r
e
la
te
d
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng.
T
he
th
e
m
e
s
h
a
ve
s
um
m
a
r
iz
e
d
th
e
r
e
c
e
nt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
ogr
e
s
s
a
nd
pi
npoi
nt
e
d
th
e
ga
ps
.
T
he
y
h
a
ve
gi
ve
n
th
e
e
m
pi
r
ic
a
l
da
ta
f
or
th
e
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
a
nd
a
r
ti
c
ul
a
te
d
th
e
s
ugge
s
ti
on
s
f
or
th
e
upc
om
in
g
s
tu
di
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
a
r
e
f
le
c
ti
on
of
th
e
e
xha
us
ti
ve
f
in
di
ngs
of
th
e
P
A
G
E
R
a
na
ly
s
is
,
a
s
s
how
n
in
T
a
bl
e
3
.
T
a
bl
e
3
. R
e
s
ul
ts
of
t
he
P
A
G
E
R
a
na
ly
s
is
of
t
he
c
lu
s
te
r
s
i
n t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h by
J
one
s
e
t
al
.
[
27]
P
a
t
t
e
r
n
A
dva
nc
e
s
G
a
ps
E
vi
de
nc
e
f
or
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
c
om
m
e
nd
a
t
i
on
E
m
e
r
gi
ng
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
a
nd I
nnova
t
i
ons
1)
D
e
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
S
O
A
t
o i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
C
I
S
f
l
e
xi
bi
l
i
t
y a
nd s
c
a
l
a
bi
l
i
t
y
[
47]
.
2)
I
oT
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on f
or
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
, a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
da
t
a
c
ol
l
e
c
t
i
on
[
48]
.
3)
C
l
oud c
om
put
i
ng f
or
l
a
r
ge
-
s
c
a
l
e
da
t
a
s
t
or
a
ge
a
nd a
na
l
ys
i
s
[
49
]
.
1)
I
nt
e
r
ope
r
a
bi
l
i
t
y
c
ha
l
l
e
nge
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
[
50]
.
2)
N
e
e
d f
or
s
t
a
nda
r
di
z
a
t
i
on i
n
a
ppl
yi
ng ne
w
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
f
or
C
I
S
[
51]
.
1)
S
O
A
i
m
pr
ove
s
da
t
a
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on i
n na
t
i
ona
l
C
I
S
[
47]
.
2)
I
oT
s
e
ns
or
s
e
nha
nc
e
w
e
a
t
he
r
a
nd c
l
i
m
a
t
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng i
n r
e
m
ot
e
a
r
e
a
s
[
52]
.
3)
G
r
e
a
t
e
r
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y a
nd
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y i
n s
hor
t
-
t
e
r
m
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on
[
53]
–
[
55]
.
1)
D
e
ve
l
op f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
f
or
I
oT
–
c
l
oud
–
C
I
S
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on.
2)
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
(
A
I
)
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
i
n I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
da
t
a
a
na
l
ys
i
s
.
3)
A
dopt
ope
n s
t
a
nda
r
ds
f
or
i
nt
e
r
ope
r
a
bi
l
i
t
y
.
4)
I
nve
s
t
i
n c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
bui
l
di
ng f
or
a
dva
nc
e
d
t
e
c
hnol
ogy us
e
.
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
a
nd
E
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
S
t
udi
e
s
1)
C
om
pr
e
he
ns
i
ve
,
c
ont
e
xt
ua
l
a
da
pt
a
t
i
on
m
ode
l
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
[
56]
.
2)
I
m
pr
ove
d a
c
c
ur
a
c
y i
n
e
xt
r
e
m
e
w
e
a
t
he
r
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on
[
57]
.
3)
I
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on of
l
oc
a
l
know
l
e
dge
i
n C
I
S
[
58]
.
1)
L
i
m
i
t
e
d de
t
a
i
l
e
d
hi
s
t
or
i
c
a
l
da
t
a
f
or
s
om
e
r
e
gi
ons
[
59]
.
2)
I
nc
om
pl
e
t
e
unde
r
s
t
a
ndi
ng of
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
–
s
oc
i
o
-
e
c
onom
i
c
i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
ons
[
60]
.
1)
C
I
S
us
e
i
n a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
nc
e
i
n
de
ve
l
opi
ng c
ount
r
i
e
s
[
61]
.
2)
S
e
a
s
ona
l
f
or
e
c
a
s
t
s
i
m
pr
ove
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
[
62]
.
3)
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
r
e
s
our
c
e
us
e
unde
r
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
va
r
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
[
63]
, [
64]
.
1)
I
nt
e
r
di
s
c
i
pl
i
na
r
y s
t
udi
e
s
on c
l
i
m
a
t
e
-
e
c
onom
i
c
l
i
nka
ge
s
.
2)
I
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
l
ong
-
t
e
r
m
pr
oj
e
c
t
i
ons
i
nt
o s
us
t
a
i
na
bl
e
pl
a
nni
ng.
3)
S
t
r
e
ngt
he
n c
ol
l
a
bor
a
t
i
on
be
t
w
e
e
n s
c
i
e
nt
i
s
t
s
,
pol
i
c
ym
a
ke
r
s
, a
nd
c
om
m
uni
t
i
e
s
.
4)
I
nve
s
t
i
n c
om
m
uni
t
y
-
ba
s
e
d e
a
r
l
y w
a
r
ni
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
s
.
I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
S
ys
t
e
m
s
a
nd
D
e
c
i
s
i
on
-
M
a
ki
ng
1)
U
s
e
of
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng t
o e
nha
nc
e
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
[
53]
.
2)
D
e
c
i
s
i
on
-
s
uppor
t
s
ys
t
e
m
s
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
ng
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
a
nd s
oc
i
o
-
e
c
onom
i
c
da
t
a
[
4]
.
3)
K
now
l
e
dge
-
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
t
e
m
s
f
or
a
da
pt
a
t
i
on s
ha
r
i
ng
[
65]
.
1)
L
i
m
i
t
e
d
i
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y of
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
r
e
s
ul
t
s
f
or
pol
i
c
y
[
66]
.
2)
L
a
c
k of
s
t
a
nda
r
di
z
a
t
i
on i
n D
S
S
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
a
nd
e
va
l
ua
t
i
on
[
3]
.
1)
AI
-
ba
s
e
d D
S
S
i
m
pr
ove
s
i
r
r
i
ga
t
i
on
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y i
n dr
ought
a
r
e
a
s
[
9]
.
2)
K
now
l
e
dge
pl
a
t
f
or
m
s
s
ha
r
e
a
da
pt
a
t
i
on
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
gl
oba
l
l
y
[
67]
.
3)
E
nha
nc
e
d e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
i
n a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
e
a
nd w
a
t
e
r
us
e
[
68]
.
1)
I
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
m
ul
t
i
-
s
our
c
e
(
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
, s
oc
i
a
l
, e
c
onom
i
c
)
da
t
a
i
n D
S
S
.
2)
S
t
udy e
t
hi
c
s
a
nd
gove
r
na
nc
e
i
n A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
C
I
S
.
3)
D
e
ve
l
op t
r
a
i
ni
ng f
or
C
I
S
us
e
r
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y.
4)
F
os
t
e
r
publ
i
c
–
pr
i
va
t
e
c
ol
l
a
bor
a
t
i
on i
n A
I
-
dr
i
ve
n
C
I
S
.
C
ont
e
xt
A
w
a
r
e
ne
s
s
a
nd
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
1)
D
a
t
a
m
i
ni
ng f
or
pa
t
t
e
r
n e
xt
r
a
c
t
i
on i
n
l
a
r
ge
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
da
t
a
s
e
t
s
[
69]
.
2)
R
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
i
ng
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
d w
i
t
h i
n
-
s
i
t
u
da
t
a
f
or
hi
ghe
r
s
pa
t
i
a
l
r
e
s
ol
ut
i
on
[
70]
.
3)
B
i
g D
a
t
a
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
f
or
m
ul
t
i
-
s
our
c
e
da
t
a
a
na
l
ys
i
s
[
71]
.
1)
L
i
m
i
t
e
d
unde
r
s
t
a
ndi
ng of
di
ve
r
s
e
us
e
r
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on ne
e
ds
[
72]
.
2)
D
a
t
a
qua
l
i
t
y a
nd
c
ons
i
s
t
e
nc
y
c
ha
l
l
e
nge
s
a
c
r
os
s
s
our
c
e
s
[
70]
.
1)
D
a
t
a
m
i
ni
ng i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
s
e
xt
r
e
m
e
w
e
a
t
he
r
pa
t
t
e
r
ns
[
73]
.
2)
B
i
g D
a
t
a
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
s
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
, hydr
ol
ogy, a
nd
l
a
nd
-
c
ove
r
da
t
a
[
62]
.
3)
I
m
pr
ove
d hi
gh
-
r
i
s
k
a
r
e
a
i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
[
70]
.
1)
C
om
bi
ne
l
oc
a
l
a
nd
s
c
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
know
l
e
dge
f
or
C
I
S
.
2)
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
dva
n
c
e
d da
t
a
vi
s
ua
l
i
z
a
t
i
on t
o i
m
pr
ove
us
e
r
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
i
on.
3)
F
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
f
or
c
ont
i
nuous
C
I
S
da
t
a
-
qua
l
i
t
y i
m
pr
ove
m
e
nt
.
4.1.
E
m
e
r
gi
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
ol
ogi
e
s
an
d
i
n
n
ovat
io
n
s
F
ol
lo
w
in
g
th
e
P
A
G
E
R
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k,
th
i
s
s
e
c
ti
on
in
te
r
pr
e
t
s
t
he
f
ir
s
t
th
e
m
a
ti
c
p
a
tt
e
r
n
—
'
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
te
c
hn
ol
ogi
e
s
a
n
d
in
nova
t
io
n
s
’
—
th
a
t
i
s
,
t
he
m
a
in
th
e
m
e
s
,
t
he
ga
ps
,
th
e
e
vi
de
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
ug
ge
s
ti
on
s
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
f
r
om
th
e
e
vol
ut
io
n
of
C
I
S
.
T
he
c
or
e
of
f
ut
ur
e
C
I
S
li
e
s
in
n
e
w
te
c
hnol
og
ie
s
s
uc
h
a
s
S
O
A
,
I
o
T
,
a
nd
c
lo
u
d
c
om
put
i
ng.
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
by
B
o
um
a
hd
i
e
t
al
.
[
47]
s
ho
w
e
d
th
a
t
S
O
A
m
a
ke
s
C
I
S
m
or
e
f
le
xi
bl
e
a
n
d
s
c
a
la
bl
e
b
y
uni
f
yi
ng
m
ul
ti
-
s
our
c
e
da
t
a
,
a
n
d
a
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
,
I
o
T
pu
s
he
s
th
e
f
r
ont
ie
r
of
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
c
li
m
a
te
m
on
it
or
in
g,
th
e
r
e
by
e
n
ha
n
c
in
g
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
d
a
ta
a
nd
s
p
a
ti
a
l
c
o
ve
r
a
ge
[
4
8]
.
W
it
h
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
put
in
g,
la
r
ge
-
s
c
a
l
e
s
to
r
a
ge
a
nd a
na
ly
s
i
s
c
a
n b
e
d
one
f
or
a
lm
o
s
t
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
i
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
a
ti
on
of
w
or
ld
w
id
e
c
li
m
a
te
phe
nom
e
n
a
[
49]
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
ove
r
s
e
a
s
e
m
pi
r
ic
a
l
e
x
a
m
pl
e
s
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
th
e
r
e
vol
ut
io
na
r
y
pot
e
nt
ia
l
of
s
uc
h
s
ys
te
m
s
f
or
th
e
c
li
m
a
te
s
e
c
to
r
.
S
pe
c
if
ic
a
ll
y,
A
de
m
e
e
t
al
.
[
59]
in
N
or
th
A
f
r
ic
a
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
a
n
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
w
a
te
r
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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I
nnov
at
iv
e
c
li
m
at
e
i
nf
or
m
at
io
n s
e
r
v
ic
e
s
:
a s
c
opi
ng r
e
v
ie
w
and
bi
bl
io
m
e
tr
ic
analy
s
is
…
(
J
az
imat
ul
H
us
na)
71
s
ys
te
m
to
not
onl
y
m
oni
to
r
w
a
te
r
a
v
a
il
a
bi
li
ty
but
a
l
s
o
w
a
t
e
r
qu
a
li
ty
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
—
th
is
m
e
th
od c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
or
a
ny
ot
he
r
dr
y
a
r
e
a
li
ke
th
e
M
id
dl
e
E
a
s
t.
T
he
s
e
ty
pe
s
of
de
vi
c
e
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
ope
r
a
te
d
in
th
e
na
ti
ons
w
it
hi
n
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
ia
to
o,
w
he
r
e
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
in
dus
tr
y
is
not
a
bl
y
in
c
li
ne
d
to
m
os
t
of
th
e
in
te
n
s
e
c
li
m
a
ti
c
oc
c
u
r
r
e
nc
e
s
. F
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
, i
n V
ie
tn
a
m
, V
o
e
t
al
.
[
3]
c
onf
ir
m
e
d
th
e
i
ns
tr
um
e
nt
a
l
va
lu
e
of
m
or
e
p
r
e
c
is
e
r
a
in
f
a
ll
e
s
ti
m
a
te
s
in
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
th
e
V
ie
tn
a
m
e
s
e
a
gr
ic
ul
t
ur
a
l
s
e
c
to
r
,
th
us
ve
r
if
yi
ng
C
I
S
’
s
e
c
onomi
c
pos
s
ib
il
it
ie
s
i
n c
a
lc
ul
a
te
d gr
ow
th
.
R
e
ga
r
dl
e
s
s
of
th
is
a
dva
nc
e
m
e
nt
,
th
e
in
dus
tr
y
w
oul
d
s
ti
ll
e
nc
ount
e
r
obs
ta
c
le
s
.
G
una
s
e
ke
r
a
e
t
al
.
[
50]
a
nd
X
io
ng
e
t
al
.
[
51]
de
ba
te
d
th
a
t
,
on
to
p
of
m
a
ny
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,
t
he
la
c
k
of
in
te
r
ope
r
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
s
ta
bi
li
ty
w
oul
d
be
th
e
m
a
in
is
s
ue
s
c
a
u
s
in
g
in
c
om
pe
te
nc
e
a
nd
la
c
k
of
te
c
hnol
o
gi
c
a
l
c
oope
r
a
ti
on.
Y
e
t,
th
e
r
e
w
as
a
num
be
r
of
e
vi
de
nc
e
th
a
t
ha
ve
pr
ove
n
th
a
t
th
e
S
O
A
ha
s
a
lr
e
a
dy
be
e
n
opt
i
m
is
ti
c
in
f
ir
e
de
te
r
r
e
nc
e
in
G
r
e
e
c
e
[
47]
,
w
hi
le
th
e
us
e
of
vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
s
a
id
s
in
di
s
a
s
te
r
tr
a
in
in
g
a
nd
a
s
s
i
s
ta
nc
e
f
or
a
qui
c
k
f
or
e
c
a
s
t
in
r
e
gi
ons
li
ke
th
e
B
e
nga
l
D
e
lt
a
a
nd
A
us
tr
a
li
a
[
52]
–
[
54]
.
U
pc
om
in
g
e
f
f
or
ts
s
houl
d
e
xpa
nd
m
ode
ls
a
nd
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
th
a
t
c
oul
d
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
ut
il
iz
e
th
e
I
oT
,
c
lo
ud
c
om
put
in
g,
a
nd
A
I
-
ba
s
e
d
C
I
S
.
S
om
e
of
th
e
in
te
r
e
s
ti
ng
pr
opos
it
io
ns
to
e
xe
r
c
is
e
w
oul
d
be
th
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
ope
n
s
ta
nda
r
d
s
,
th
e
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
of
c
on
s
ta
n
t
tr
a
in
in
g
,
a
nd
th
e
c
r
e
a
ti
on
of
pr
os
p
e
c
ts
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
in
te
r
ope
r
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
f
le
xi
bi
li
ty
of
c
ut
ti
ng
-
e
dge
c
li
m
a
te
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
c
a
n
be
r
e
in
f
or
c
e
d
[
55]
.
F
r
om
a
c
onc
e
pt
ua
l
s
ta
ndpoint
,
th
e
s
e
in
nova
ti
ons
m
a
y
be
unde
r
s
to
od
a
s
a
m
ove
to
a
nt
ic
ip
a
to
r
y
r
a
th
e
r
th
a
n
r
e
a
c
ti
ve
C
I
S
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
s
—
th
e
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
not
onl
y
pr
ovi
de
da
ta
,
but
,
in
f
a
c
t,
th
e
y a
r
e
c
a
pa
bl
e
of
de
c
is
io
n e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
be
c
om
in
g a
da
pt
iv
e
,
e
vi
de
nc
e
-
ba
s
e
d c
li
m
a
te
gove
r
na
nc
e
.
4.2.
C
li
m
at
e
an
d
e
n
vi
r
on
m
e
n
t
al
s
t
u
d
ie
s
C
li
m
a
te
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
s
tu
di
e
s
a
r
e
boomi
ng
a
nd
ha
ve
pl
a
c
e
d
a
s
tr
ong
e
m
pha
s
is
on
d
a
ta
-
dr
iv
e
n
a
da
pt
a
ti
on
a
nd
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng.
T
w
in
om
uha
ngi
e
t
al
.
[
56]
p
oi
nt
e
d
out
th
a
t
th
e
de
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
of
lo
c
a
l
a
nd
de
ta
il
e
d
m
ode
ls
of
a
d
a
pt
a
ti
on
is
th
e
m
a
in
f
a
c
to
r
in
th
e
bui
l
di
ng
of
r
e
s
il
ie
nc
e
.
R
e
por
ti
ng
on
th
e
s
ubj
e
c
t,
M
a
nn
e
t
al
.
[
57]
r
e
por
te
d
th
a
t
th
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
e
xt
r
e
m
e
w
e
a
th
e
r
pr
e
di
c
ti
ons
ha
s
e
nha
nc
e
d
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ke
r
s
’
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
to
a
nt
ic
ip
a
te
a
nd
r
e
s
pond
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
.
M
a
nt
e
a
w
e
t
al
.
[
58]
s
how
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
in
c
or
por
a
ti
on of
l
oc
a
l
knowle
dge
i
n C
I
S
not
onl
y gua
r
a
nt
e
e
s
s
o
c
ia
l
-
e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
s
ys
t
e
m
(
S
E
S
)
-
ba
s
e
d a
da
pt
a
ti
on
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
but
a
ls
o
th
a
t
th
e
y
m
a
tc
h
th
e
c
ul
tu
r
a
l
a
nd
s
oc
ia
l
a
s
pe
c
ts
of
th
e
c
om
m
uni
ty
.
L
ik
e
w
is
e
,
H
os
s
a
in
e
t
al
.
[
4]
e
xpl
a
in
e
d
in
th
e
ir
w
or
k
how
th
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
a
C
I
S
s
ys
te
m
in
B
a
ngl
a
de
s
h
im
pr
ove
d
a
qua
c
ul
tu
r
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y a
nd r
is
k m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
c
r
it
ic
a
l
ga
ps
r
e
m
a
in
.
A
de
m
e
e
t
al
.
[
59
]
de
pi
c
te
d
how
,
in
s
om
e
pl
a
c
e
s
,
th
e
s
c
a
r
c
it
y
of
ve
r
y
a
c
c
ur
a
te
a
nd
de
ta
il
e
d
hi
s
to
r
ic
a
l
da
ta
ha
s
be
c
om
e
a
m
a
jo
r
obs
ta
c
le
w
he
n
it
c
om
e
s
to
lo
oki
ng
a
t
tr
e
nds
.
W
a
ng
e
t
al
.
[
60]
m
e
nt
io
ne
d t
ha
t
a
l
a
c
k o
f
knowle
dge
a
bout
t
he
in
te
r
pl
a
y be
twe
e
n c
li
m
a
ti
c
a
nd s
oc
io
e
c
onomi
c
m
a
tt
e
r
s
s
lo
w
s
dow
n
th
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
d
e
s
ig
ni
ng
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
pol
ic
ie
s
.
B
ot
h
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
d
e
ba
te
d
th
e
ne
e
d
f
or
in
te
r
di
s
c
ip
li
na
r
y
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
he
in
te
r
di
s
c
ip
li
na
r
y
a
ppr
oa
c
h
w
oul
d
ju
s
ti
f
y
th
e
tr
e
nd
of
pa
pe
r
s
r
e
la
te
d
to
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
i
n r
e
la
ti
on t
o e
c
onomi
c
, a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
s
oc
ia
l
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
is
s
ue
s
.
P
r
a
c
ti
c
a
ll
y,
C
I
S
pl
a
ys
a
m
a
jo
r
r
ol
e
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
th
e
ke
y
na
vi
ga
to
r
in
w
a
te
r
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
.
D
ji
do
e
t
al
.
[
61]
a
nd
W
a
ng
e
t
al
.
[
62]
bot
h
ha
ve
e
ve
nt
ua
ll
y
a
gr
e
e
d
a
nd
c
onc
lu
de
d
th
a
t
s
in
gl
e
-
s
e
a
s
on
c
li
m
a
ti
c
f
or
e
c
a
s
t
s
w
e
r
e
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
in
th
e
op
e
r
a
ti
on
of
pr
oduc
ti
ve
r
e
s
our
c
e
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
a
nd
f
le
xi
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
e
f
f
or
ts
.
A
hybr
id
m
ode
l
de
ve
lo
pe
d
by
va
r
ia
bi
li
ty
w
oul
d
be
a
n
e
xa
m
pl
e
of
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
th
a
t
e
xpl
oi
ts
I
oT
.
F
r
ie
dm
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
63
]
a
nd
G
ui
do
e
t
al
.
[
64]
,
t
hr
ough
th
e
ir
w
o
r
ks
,
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
th
e
w
a
y
in
w
hi
c
h
a
br
ie
f
but
n
e
ve
r
th
e
le
s
s
hi
ghl
y a
c
c
ur
a
te
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
c
oul
d be
a
gr
e
a
t
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
th
e
out
put
in
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
s
e
c
to
r
.
T
hus
,
th
e
id
e
a
c
oul
d
be
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
in
a
r
e
a
s
w
he
r
e
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
none
or
m
a
ybe
li
m
it
e
d
m
e
te
or
ol
ogi
c
a
l
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
f
ut
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
houl
d
pr
e
dom
in
a
nt
ly
a
tt
e
m
pt
to
s
t
udy
th
e
is
s
u
e
us
in
g
in
te
r
di
s
c
ip
li
na
r
y
s
tu
di
e
s
by
li
nki
ng
c
li
m
a
te
pr
e
di
c
ti
ons
to
S
D
G
-
c
om
pl
ia
nt
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
.
T
o
do
s
o,
th
e
r
e
i
s
a
ne
e
d
f
or
a
c
lo
s
e
pa
r
tn
e
r
s
hi
p
a
m
ong
s
c
ie
nt
is
ts
,
pol
ic
ym
a
ke
r
s
,
a
nd
c
om
m
uni
ti
e
s
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
oc
e
s
s
ne
e
ds
to
e
vol
ve
f
r
om
a
r
e
a
c
ti
ve
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
a
m
or
e
pr
oa
c
ti
ve
c
onduc
t
of
r
e
s
il
ie
nc
e
-
bui
ld
in
g,
w
he
r
e
C
I
S
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
m
e
di
a
to
r
s
in
a
c
c
e
le
r
a
ti
ng t
he
r
e
la
ti
ons
hi
p be
tw
e
e
n e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
-
ba
s
e
d kno
w
le
dge
a
nd s
oc
io
-
e
c
onomi
c
r
e
vol
ut
io
n.
4.3.
I
n
f
or
m
at
io
n
s
ys
t
e
m
s
an
d
d
e
c
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
T
he
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
ha
s
be
e
n
m
a
in
l
y
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
d
by
a
num
be
r
of
f
a
c
to
r
s
.
A
m
ong
th
e
m
,
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
knowl
e
dge
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
,
AI
,
a
nd
m
a
c
hi
ne
le
a
r
ni
ng
pl
a
y
e
d
a
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
r
ol
e
i
n t
he
t
r
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
ve
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng. W
a
ng
e
t
al
.
[
53
]
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d t
ha
t
th
e
us
e
of
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng i
n
c
li
m
a
te
m
ode
ls
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
im
pr
ove
s
th
e
ir
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
,
th
us
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
pl
a
nni
ng
a
nd
r
is
k
m
it
ig
a
ti
on.
S
im
il
a
r
ly
,
A
I
-
d
r
iv
e
n
de
c
is
io
n
s
ys
te
m
s
f
or
ir
r
ig
a
ti
o
n
in
dr
ought
-
p
r
one
a
r
e
a
s
[
9]
a
nd
c
lo
ud
-
ba
s
e
d
a
qua
c
ul
tu
r
e
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
in
A
us
tr
a
li
a
n
a
r
e
a
s
[
52]
a
r
e
le
a
di
ng
e
xa
m
pl
e
s
of
how
A
I
a
nd
c
lo
ud
c
om
put
in
g
c
a
n
be
ut
il
iz
e
d
f
or
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
r
e
s
our
c
e
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
opt
im
iz
a
ti
on.
T
he
f
us
io
n
of
c
li
m
a
te
a
nd
s
oc
io
e
c
onomi
c
da
ta
ha
s
a
ls
o
e
m
pow
e
r
e
d
gr
a
s
s
r
oot
s
-
le
ve
l
r
e
s
pons
iv
e
n
e
s
s
,
a
s
e
vi
de
nc
e
d
by
H
o
s
s
a
in
e
t
al
.
[
4]
,
w
ho
s
ta
te
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
. 15, No. 1, M
a
r
c
h 2026
:
65
-
76
72
th
a
t
knowle
dge
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
te
m
s
e
xpe
di
te
th
e
e
xc
ha
ng
e
of
knowle
dge
a
nd
c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
[
65]
.
D
e
s
p
it
e
t
h
e
s
e
a
dv
a
n
c
e
s
, c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
p
e
r
s
i
s
t
. K
a
ba
c
h
e
n
ko
e
t
al
.
[
6
6]
h
a
v
e
f
o
und
t
h
a
t
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
d
if
f
i
c
ul
ti
e
s
in
th
e
in
t
e
r
pr
e
t
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
r
e
s
ul
t
s
c
on
s
i
de
r
e
d
f
or
p
ol
i
c
y
m
a
ki
n
g,
a
nd
V
o
e
t
a
l.
[
3]
h
a
ve
unde
r
s
c
or
e
d
th
e
ne
c
e
s
s
it
y
f
or
uni
f
or
m
i
ty
w
he
n
ju
dgi
ng
de
c
is
io
n
-
s
uppor
t
s
ys
te
m
s
.
V
a
r
ia
ti
ons
in
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
c
a
n l
e
a
d t
o a
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n t
he
t
r
us
t
of
s
ta
k
e
hol
de
r
s
a
nd a
s
lo
w
pa
c
e
i
n t
he
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on of
ne
w
i
ni
ti
a
ti
ve
s
.
E
m
pi
r
ic
a
l
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
ons
c
o
nf
ir
m
A
I
c
a
n be
us
e
d
to
im
pr
ov
e
th
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
of
w
a
t
e
r
a
nd
a
gr
i
c
ul
tu
r
e
[
9]
,
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
th
e
a
da
pt
a
ti
on
of
knowle
dge
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
[
67
]
,
a
nd
a
ll
o
w
th
e
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
o
f
di
ve
r
s
e
da
ta
s
tr
e
a
m
s
[
4]
.
N
one
th
e
le
s
s
,
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
to
c
om
e
n
e
e
ds
to
gr
a
ppl
e
w
it
h
th
e
m
or
a
l
a
nd
gove
r
ni
ng
a
s
p
e
c
ts
of
A
I
us
a
g
e
in
a
w
a
y
th
a
t
is
c
ongr
ue
nt
w
it
h
tr
a
in
in
g
pr
ogr
a
m
s
a
nd
publ
ic
-
pr
iv
a
te
c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
on
[
68]
.
C
ol
le
c
ti
ve
ly
,
th
e
s
e
c
ha
nge
s
i
ndi
c
a
te
a
s
hi
f
t
f
r
om
m
e
r
e
da
ta
-
c
e
nt
r
ic
t
ool
s
t
o knowle
dge
-
dr
iv
e
n de
c
is
io
n e
c
os
ys
te
m
s
, a
s
ta
ge
w
he
r
e
C
I
S
a
nd
A
I
a
r
e
c
oop
e
r
a
ti
ve
pa
r
tn
e
r
s
in
th
e
pr
ovi
s
io
n
of
a
nt
i
c
ip
a
to
r
y,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
,
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
ll
y
gove
r
ne
d
c
li
m
a
te
de
c
is
io
ns
.
4.4.
C
on
t
e
xt
aw
ar
e
n
e
s
s
an
d
ap
p
li
c
at
io
n
s
T
he
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
in
c
li
m
a
te
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
de
li
ve
r
y
ha
s
s
how
n
a
us
e
r
-
c
e
nt
e
r
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
w
he
r
e
c
ont
e
xt
-
a
w
a
r
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
c
on
s
ta
nt
ly
ut
il
iz
e
d.
T
a
ng
e
t
al
.
[
69]
de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d
th
a
t
m
ul
ti
pl
e
te
c
hni
que
s
of
th
e
da
ta
m
in
in
g
pr
oc
e
s
s
ha
ve
be
c
om
e
a
w
a
y
to
d
e
ve
lo
p
m
ode
ls
f
r
om
m
a
s
s
iv
e
c
li
m
a
te
d
a
ta
s
e
t
s
.
T
he
m
ode
ls
w
oul
d
be
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
e
xhi
bi
t
th
e
tr
e
nd
de
te
c
ti
o
n
a
nd
f
or
e
c
a
s
ti
ng
of
th
e
c
li
m
a
te
.
C
om
bi
ni
ng
r
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
in
g da
ta
w
it
h on
-
s
it
e
s
tu
di
e
s
[
70]
im
p
r
ove
s
s
pa
ti
a
l
r
e
s
ol
ut
io
n a
nd ma
ke
s
l
oc
a
ti
ng r
is
ky a
r
e
a
s
m
or
e
a
c
c
ur
a
te
.
W
it
h
s
im
il
a
r
a
r
gum
e
nt
s
,
L
iu
e
t
al
.
[
71]
in
s
ti
ga
t
e
d
c
l
oud
-
ba
s
e
d
te
r
r
it
or
ia
l
w
e
b
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
f
or
di
s
a
s
t
e
r
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
in
C
hi
na
,
a
te
c
hni
que
th
a
t
c
a
n
be
s
im
ul
a
te
d
in
ot
h
e
r
da
ta
-
s
c
a
r
c
e
r
e
gi
ons
s
u
c
h
a
s
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
ia
f
or
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
c
li
m
a
te
obs
e
r
va
ti
on.
O
n
to
p
of
th
a
t,
th
e
i
r
s
tu
d
ie
s
r
e
ve
a
le
d
th
a
t
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
of
bi
g
da
ta
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
a
id
s
th
e
in
c
or
por
a
ti
on
of
m
ul
ti
-
s
our
c
e
da
ta
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
th
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
th
e
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
r
e
a
c
ti
on,
m
a
ki
ng C
I
S
s
ubs
ta
nt
ia
ll
y a
da
pt
a
bl
e
to
th
e
n
e
w
e
c
o
s
ys
te
m
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
m
a
jo
r
obs
ta
c
le
s
c
ont
in
ue
to
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
th
e
ta
il
or
in
g
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
to
di
ve
r
s
e
us
e
r
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
.
N
e
s
h
e
im
e
t
al
.
[
72]
s
tr
e
s
s
e
d
th
a
t
in
a
de
qu
a
te
c
ont
e
xt
ua
l
va
r
ia
ti
ons
,
s
uc
h
a
s
ne
gl
e
c
ti
ng
lo
c
a
l
w
e
a
th
e
r
c
ondi
ti
ons
a
nd
f
a
r
m
in
g
s
it
ua
ti
ons
,
c
a
n
w
e
a
ke
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
.
V
e
nt
e
r
e
t
al
.
[
70]
s
ta
t
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
di
f
f
ic
ul
ty
of
ke
e
pi
ng
th
e
qua
li
ty
a
nd
c
ons
is
te
nc
y
of
da
t
a
a
c
r
os
s
a
va
r
ie
ty
of
s
our
c
e
s
w
oul
d
e
v
e
nt
ua
ll
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
th
e
r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
of
t
he
i
nf
or
m
a
ti
on s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
.
E
m
pi
r
ic
a
l
e
vi
d
e
nc
e
ha
s
pr
o
ve
n
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ic
a
nc
e
of
c
o
nt
e
xt
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
in
th
e
s
tu
dy.
D
a
t
a
m
in
i
ng
,
f
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
, w
oul
d be
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
in
a
s
s
is
ti
ng
t
he
id
e
nt
if
i
c
a
ti
on
of
e
xt
r
e
m
e
w
e
a
t
he
r
p
a
tt
e
r
n
s
f
or
r
i
s
k
m
it
ig
a
t
io
n
[
73]
,
w
hi
l
e
b
ig
d
a
t
a
c
om
bi
n
a
ti
on
w
ou
ld
u
nc
ov
e
r
t
he
i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
io
n
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
c
li
m
a
t
e
,
h
ydr
ol
o
gy,
a
n
d
l
a
nd
c
o
ve
r
a
ge
[
62]
.
AI
-
dr
iv
e
n
e
c
ol
ogi
c
a
l
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
s
us
e
d
vi
s
ua
l
f
or
e
c
a
s
t
to
ol
s
,
w
hi
c
h
r
e
duc
e
d
th
e
in
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd
im
pr
ove
d
th
e
r
e
a
di
ne
s
s
f
or
m
o
r
e
va
li
d
f
or
e
c
a
s
ti
ng
in
s
it
e
s
th
a
t
a
r
e
ve
r
y
vul
ne
r
a
bl
e
to
c
li
m
a
te
c
ha
nge
[
70]
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
th
e
P
a
r
is
A
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
a
l
s
o
e
m
pha
s
iz
e
s
th
a
t
C
I
S
s
hou
ld
be
in
te
gr
a
te
d
in
to
ur
ba
n
pol
ic
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
a
s
one
of
th
e
m
odi
f
ic
a
ti
on
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
f
or
c
li
m
a
te
-
r
e
la
te
d
r
is
ks
.
F
ut
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
houl
d
bl
e
nd
lo
c
a
l
knowle
dge
w
it
h
s
c
ie
nt
if
ic
da
ta
[
58]
a
nd
e
nha
n
c
e
da
ta
vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
e
nd
-
u
s
e
r
s
’
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng.
S
om
e
of
th
e
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
de
ta
il
s
on
th
e
a
g
e
nda
a
r
e
to
c
r
e
a
te
c
ons
ta
nt
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
a
nd
in
tu
it
iv
e
us
e
r
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
s
f
or
C
I
S
, w
hi
c
h w
il
l
e
ns
ur
e
t
ha
t
c
li
m
a
te
da
ta
s
ti
ll
a
ppl
ic
a
bl
e
, c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
, a
nd
c
ont
e
xt
-
a
w
a
r
e
.
4.5.
L
im
it
at
io
n
s
D
e
s
pi
te
a
dva
n
c
e
m
e
nt
s
in
I
oT
,
S
O
A
,
A
I
,
a
nd
c
lo
ud
c
om
put
in
g
f
or
C
I
S
r
e
gi
ons
,
e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
th
os
e
in
de
ve
lo
pi
ng
c
ount
r
ie
s
,
th
e
y
s
ti
ll
f
a
c
e
m
a
jo
r
obs
ta
c
le
s
.
T
he
none
xi
s
te
nc
e
of
c
om
m
on
s
ta
nda
r
ds
ha
s
le
d
to
th
e
de
la
y
in
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
r
os
s
-
in
s
ti
tu
ti
ona
l
in
te
gr
a
ti
on.
L
im
it
e
d
hi
s
to
r
ic
a
l
c
li
m
a
te
r
e
c
or
ds
ha
ve
be
c
om
e
a
not
he
r
c
ons
tr
a
in
t
to
w
a
r
ds
pr
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
w
hi
le
f
is
c
a
l
a
nd
te
c
hni
c
a
l
hur
dl
e
s
li
m
it
la
r
ge
-
s
c
a
le
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on.
E
th
ic
a
l
a
nd
gove
r
na
nc
e
is
s
u
e
s
a
r
ound
A
I
-
dr
iv
e
n
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
—
s
uc
h
a
s
pr
e
c
is
io
n,
li
a
bi
li
ty
,
a
nd
da
ta
e
qui
ty
—
pe
r
s
is
t
in
be
in
g
va
gue
.
T
he
s
e
r
e
s
t
r
ic
ti
ons
hi
ghl
ig
ht
th
e
c
r
uc
ia
l
ne
e
d
f
or
gl
oba
l
gove
r
ni
ng a
li
gnm
e
nt
, m
ul
ti
-
s
e
c
to
r
pa
r
tn
e
r
s
hi
p, a
nd r
e
s
il
ie
nc
e
c
l
im
a
te
i
nf
or
m
a
ti
on dis
s
e
m
in
a
ti
on.
5.
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
tr
e
s
s
e
s
th
e
r
ol
e
of
th
e
C
I
S
,
w
hi
c
h
c
ont
in
ue
s
to
be
th
e
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
m
e
di
um
to
a
id
e
vi
de
nc
e
-
ba
s
e
d
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
,
w
a
te
r
,
a
nd
ur
b
a
n
pl
a
nni
ng
s
e
c
to
r
s
.
T
he
u
s
e
of
I
oT
,
A
I
,
a
nd
c
lo
ud c
om
put
in
g ha
s
l
e
d t
o a
dva
nc
e
s
i
n w
e
a
th
e
r
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
in
g
, w
hi
c
h ha
s
l
e
d t
o s
a
vi
ngs
i
n a
s
s
e
ts
a
nd t
he
a
bi
li
ty
to
a
da
pt
to
c
li
m
a
te
r
is
ks
.
N
e
ve
r
th
e
le
s
s
,
a
va
r
ie
ty
of
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
in
c
on
s
is
te
nt
da
ta
s
ta
nd
a
r
ds
a
nd
une
qua
l
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
te
c
hnol
ogy,
c
ont
in
ue
to
hi
nde
r
th
e
op
e
r
a
ti
on
of
C
I
S
on
a
la
r
ge
s
c
a
le
,
p
a
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
in
de
ve
lo
pi
ng r
e
gi
ons
. H
ow
e
ve
r
, t
he
c
om
m
uni
ty
ha
s
a
c
c
e
pt
e
d C
I
S
a
s
not
onl
y a
te
c
hni
c
a
l
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
but
a
ls
o a
n
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
c
li
m
a
te
c
ont
r
ol
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
th
a
t
li
nks
s
c
ie
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73
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de
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f
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c
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va
il
a
bl
e
f
r
om
th
e
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
a
ut
hor
,
[
J
H
]
,
upon
r
e
a
s
on
a
bl
e
r
e
que
s
t.
N
o
ne
w
da
ta
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
te
d
or
a
na
ly
z
e
d i
n t
hi
s
s
tu
dy
.
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[
1]
I
nt
e
r
gove
r
nm
e
nt
a
l
P
a
ne
l
on C
l
i
m
a
t
e
C
ha
ng
e
(
I
P
C
C
)
, “
H
e
a
dl
i
ne
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
nt
s
f
r
om
t
he
s
um
m
a
r
y f
or
pol
i
c
ym
a
ke
r
s
,”
C
l
i
m
at
e
C
hang
e
2021:
T
he
P
hy
s
i
c
al
Sc
i
e
nc
e
B
as
i
s
.
C
ont
r
i
but
i
on
of
W
o
r
k
i
ng
G
r
oup
I
t
o
t
he
Si
x
t
h
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
R
e
por
t
of
t
h
e
I
nt
e
r
gov
e
r
nm
e
nt
al
P
ane
l
on C
l
i
m
at
e
C
hange
, pp. 5
–
6, 2021.
[
2]
I
nt
e
r
gove
r
nm
e
nt
a
l
P
a
ne
l
on
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
C
ha
nge
(
I
P
C
C
)
,
C
l
i
m
at
e
c
hange
2021
–
t
he
phy
s
i
c
al
s
c
i
e
nc
e
ba
s
i
s
.
C
a
m
br
i
dge
:
C
a
m
br
i
dge
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y P
r
e
s
s
, 2023
, doi
:
10.1017/
9781009157896.
[
3]
D
.
A
.
A
.
-
V
o,
A
.
M
.
R
a
da
ni
e
l
s
on,
S
.
M
us
ht
a
q,
K
.
R
.
-
S
m
i
t
h,
a
nd
C
.
H
e
w
i
t
t
,
“
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
va
l
ue
of
s
e
a
s
ona
l
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
f
or
e
c
a
s
t
i
ng i
n ke
y a
gr
i
c
ul
t
ur
a
l
de
c
i
s
i
ons
,”
C
l
i
m
at
e
Se
r
v
i
c
e
s
, vol
. 22, 20
21, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.c
l
i
s
e
r
.2021.100234.
[
4]
P
.
R
.
H
os
s
a
i
n,
T
.
S
.
A
.
-
B
a
bu,
T
.
J
.
K
r
upni
k,
M
.
B
r
a
un,
E
.
Y
.
M
oha
m
m
e
d,
a
nd
M
.
P
hi
l
l
i
ps
,
“
D
e
ve
l
opi
ng
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
f
or
a
qua
c
ul
t
ur
e
i
n
B
a
ngl
a
de
s
h:
a
d
e
c
i
s
i
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
m
a
na
gi
ng
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
nd
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
va
r
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
-
i
nduc
e
d
r
i
s
ks
,”
F
r
ont
i
e
r
s
i
n Sus
t
ai
nabl
e
F
ood Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, vol
. 5, 2021, doi
:
10.3389/
f
s
uf
s
.2021.6
77069.
[
5]
C
. A
. H
or
ow
i
t
z
, “
I
nt
r
oduc
t
or
y not
e
t
o P
a
r
i
s
A
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
L
e
gal
M
at
e
r
i
al
s
, vol
. 55, no. 4, pp. 740
–
755, 2016.
[
6]
C
.
S
i
ngh
e
t
al
.
,
“
T
he
ut
i
l
i
t
y
of
w
e
a
t
he
r
a
nd
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
f
or
a
da
pt
a
t
i
on de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng:
c
ur
r
e
nt
us
e
s
a
nd
f
ut
ur
e
pr
os
pe
c
t
s
i
n A
f
r
i
c
a
a
nd I
ndi
a
,”
C
l
i
m
at
e
and D
e
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
, vol
. 10, no. 5, pp. 389
–
405, 20
18, doi
:
10.1080/
17565529.2017.1318744.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
nt
J
A
dv A
ppl
S
c
i
,
V
ol
. 15, No. 1, M
a
r
c
h 2026
:
65
-
76
74
[
7]
L
.
M
ye
ni
,
N
.
M
a
hl
e
ba
,
S
.
M
a
z
i
buko,
M
.
E
.
M
oe
l
e
t
s
i
,
K
.
A
yi
s
i
,
a
nd
M
.
T
s
ubo,
“
A
c
c
e
s
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
a
nd
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
of
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
f
or
de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng
i
n
s
m
a
l
l
hol
de
r
f
a
r
m
i
ng:
i
ns
i
ght
s
f
r
om
L
i
m
popo
P
r
ovi
nc
e
,
S
out
h
A
f
r
i
c
a
,”
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
al
D
e
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
, vol
. 51, 2024, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.e
nvde
v.2024.101020.
[
8]
U
.
K
um
a
r
,
S
.
E
.
W
e
r
ne
r
s
,
S
.
P
a
pa
r
r
i
z
os
,
D
.
K
.
D
a
t
t
a
,
a
nd
F
.
L
udw
i
g,
“
C
o
-
pr
oduc
i
ng
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
s
m
a
l
l
hol
de
r
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
i
n
t
he
l
ow
e
r
B
e
nga
l
de
l
t
a
:
how
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
vi
s
ua
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
a
nd
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
s
uppor
t
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
’
de
c
i
s
i
on
-
m
a
ki
ng,”
C
l
i
m
at
e
R
i
s
k
M
anage
m
e
nt
, vol
. 33, 2021, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.c
r
m
.2021.100346.
[
9]
V
.
V
e
s
c
ouki
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vi
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t
ur
e
f
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c
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s
i
on
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uppor
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s
ys
t
e
m
s
i
n
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
c
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i
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i
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m
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na
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,”
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ut
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G
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na
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-
c
l
i
m
a
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e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
c
a
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i
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–
a
c
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s
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udy i
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n B
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m
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l
i
m
a
t
e
i
nf
or
m
a
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i
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e
r
vi
c
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s
a
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n H
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i
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i
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e
r
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a
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gi
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i
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t
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t
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pa
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c
l
i
m
a
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e
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nf
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i
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f
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vi
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m
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t
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i
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a
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Sy
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a
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t
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e
por
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I
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r
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r
vi
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nf
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i
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dr
ug
ove
r
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a
t
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s
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