I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
26
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
~
2
6
0
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v15.
i
1
.
pp
253
-
2
6
0
253
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Ja
k
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Art
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nfo
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ticle
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y:
R
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30
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5
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ev
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ed
No
v
17
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Acc
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ted
J
an
1
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a
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a
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p
lan
tatio
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re
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s.
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g
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e
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ts
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a
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u
n
t
o
f
e
m
p
ty
fru
it
b
u
n
c
h
(EF
B)
wa
ste
.
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in
g
E
F
B
a
s
a
b
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p
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e
t
a
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e
rg
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tran
si
ti
o
n
.
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b
i
o
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p
e
ll
e
ts
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
to
re
p
lac
e
fo
ss
il
fu
e
ls,
b
u
t
fa
c
e
c
h
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ll
e
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g
e
s
in
se
tt
in
g
g
o
o
d
q
u
a
li
t
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n
d
a
rd
s.
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h
e
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o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
r
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e
ss
o
f
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b
i
o
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ts u
se
s a
v
a
riet
y
o
f
b
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n
d
e
r
c
o
n
ten
ts.
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is
st
u
d
y
a
ims
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
th
e
in
fl
u
e
n
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e
o
f
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iffere
n
t
lev
e
ls
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in
d
e
r
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o
n
ten
t
o
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th
e
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u
a
li
t
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f
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t
p
ro
d
u
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ts.
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l
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l
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o
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li
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r
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n
c
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
f
EF
B
b
io
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p
e
ll
e
ts.
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is
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d
y
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ro
v
id
e
s
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
t
o
h
e
lp
m
a
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th
e
q
u
a
li
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n
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e
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c
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th
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o
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ll
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t
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ro
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n
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e
ss
f
ro
m
p
a
lm o
i
l
EF
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wa
ste
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
io
-
p
ellet
E
m
p
ty
f
r
u
it b
u
n
ch
es
E
n
er
g
y
t
r
an
s
itio
n
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
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h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ar
n
awa
n
Hasib
u
an
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Ma
lik
u
s
s
aleh
Un
iv
er
s
ity
L
h
o
k
s
eu
m
awe
,
No
r
th
Ace
h
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: a
r
n
awa
n
@
u
n
im
al.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
ag
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ltu
r
al
s
ec
to
r
p
lay
s
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s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
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o
n
o
m
y
,
as
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ef
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ted
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s
s
ig
n
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ican
t
co
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tio
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s
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c
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r
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o
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8
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9
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5
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[
1
]
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T
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p
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p
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tatio
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s
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n
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la
n
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C
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wh
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ata
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s
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5
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f
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p
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[
2
]
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n
esian
gov
er
n
m
en
t
p
lan
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
2
3
%
s
h
ar
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
b
y
2
0
2
5
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e,
b
io
m
ass
will
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
v
ital
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
allen
g
es.
B
io
m
ass
i
s
k
n
o
wn
to
h
av
e
ze
r
o
C
O₂
em
is
s
io
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
o
f
C
O₂
in
th
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
an
d
co
n
tain
s
less
s
u
lf
u
r
t
h
an
c
o
al.
Desp
ite
its
lar
g
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
b
i
o
m
ass
waste
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
er
u
ti
lized
[
9
]
.
Oil
p
alm
em
p
ty
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
c
h
(
OPEFB
)
i
s
a
b
y
-
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
FF
B
af
ter
o
il
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
,
esp
ec
ial
ly
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ter
ilizatio
n
s
tag
e.
OPEF
B
co
n
tain
s
n
u
tr
ien
ts
s
u
ch
as
p
o
tass
iu
m
(
K)
,
ch
lo
r
in
e
(
C
l)
,
s
u
lf
u
r
(
S),
n
itro
g
en
(
N)
,
s
o
d
iu
m
(
Na)
,
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
(
P),
m
ag
n
esiu
m
(
Mg
)
,
an
d
ca
lciu
m
(
C
a)
[
6
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
h
i
g
h
co
n
ten
t
o
f
alk
ali
m
etals,
C
l,
an
d
S
in
OPEF
B
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
s
lag
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
lay
er
ag
g
lo
m
er
ati
o
n
,
co
r
r
o
s
io
n
,
an
d
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
m
eltin
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
ash
d
u
r
i
n
g
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Dep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
OPEFB
ca
n
co
n
tain
u
p
to
1
.
6
5
%
n
itro
g
en
an
d
1
.
0
6
%
s
u
lf
u
r
,
wh
ich
ar
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
d
u
e
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
ed
NOx
an
d
SOx
em
is
s
io
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
Oth
er
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
Si,
C
a,
Mg
,
an
d
P
ar
e
also
p
r
esen
t a
n
d
ten
d
to
f
o
r
m
s
lag
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
es b
elo
w
7
0
0
°C
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Sin
ce
lo
w
ash
co
n
ten
t
is
d
esira
b
le
f
o
r
co
-
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
,
OPEFB
m
u
s
t
u
n
d
er
g
o
p
r
e
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
its
q
u
ality
.
Pre
tr
ea
tm
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
wate
r
wash
in
g
ca
n
r
em
o
v
e
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
K,
Na,
S,
an
d
C
l,
th
er
eb
y
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
f
o
u
lin
g
,
s
lag
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
c
o
r
r
o
s
io
n
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
wash
in
g
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
i
n
g
tim
e
a
n
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
L
am
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
a
3
6
%
ash
r
ed
u
ctio
n
af
ter
1
2
0
m
in
u
tes
o
f
wash
in
g
,
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
k
in
etics.
T
an
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
7
3
-
8
9
%
p
o
tass
iu
m
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
wash
in
g
tim
e
(
3
0
-
1
2
0
m
i
n
u
tes),
th
e
s
o
lid
-
liq
u
id
r
atio
(
1
:1
0
-
1
:2
0
)
,
an
d
th
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
b
etwe
en
2
8
-
6
0
°C
.
C
h
in
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
4
5
-
7
3
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
C
a,
Mg
,
an
d
P a
f
ter
wash
in
g
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
i
o
m
ass
as
a
f
u
el
f
o
r
co
-
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
is
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
l
e
th
er
m
al
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els,
b
io
m
ass
h
as
a
lo
wer
ca
l
o
r
if
ic
v
alu
e,
lo
w
d
en
s
ity
,
an
d
h
ig
h
m
o
is
tu
r
e
co
n
ten
t,
m
ak
in
g
it
less
ef
f
icien
t
i
n
h
an
d
lin
g
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
.
T
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
en
s
ity
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
ize,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
y
in
g
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
co
s
ts
,
O
PEFB
ca
n
b
e
p
elleti
ze
d
u
s
in
g
a
b
in
d
er
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
also
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
en
er
g
y
v
alu
e
p
er
u
n
it
v
o
l
u
m
e,
m
a
k
in
g
b
io
m
ass
p
ellets
a
v
ia
b
le
s
o
lid
f
u
el
alter
n
ativ
e
to
co
al
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
m
o
to
r
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
alo
n
g
with
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
m
o
to
r
s
.
W
h
ile
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
a
r
e
co
m
m
o
n
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
p
lay
an
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
m
all
m
ac
h
in
es
[
2
2
]
.
Sin
g
le
-
p
h
ase
m
o
to
r
s
o
f
f
er
tech
n
ical
an
d
e
co
n
o
m
ic
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
an
d
a
r
e
esti
m
ated
to
co
m
p
r
is
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
7
0
%
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
o
to
r
s
,
u
s
ed
in
d
e
v
ices
s
u
ch
as
p
u
m
p
s
,
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
,
co
n
v
ey
o
r
s
,
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
g
r
in
d
e
r
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
to
r
o
p
e
r
ate
s
with
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t (
AC
)
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
ag
n
etic
in
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
tato
r
to
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
o
r
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
in
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
o
r
MSM
E
s
,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
m
o
to
r
s
is
v
er
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
[
2
5
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
P
l
a
ce
a
nd
t
im
e
o
f
re
s
ea
r
ch
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
B
io
m
as
s
an
d
B
io
en
er
g
y
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
Ma
lik
u
s
s
aleh
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
Sam
p
le
test
in
g
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
C
h
em
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
th
e
L
h
o
k
s
eu
m
awe
State
Po
ly
tech
n
ic
an
d
th
e
Me
ch
a
n
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
Ma
lik
u
s
s
aleh
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
test
in
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
e
r
io
d
f
r
o
m
J
an
u
ar
y
to
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
4
.
2
.
2
.
T
o
o
ls
a
nd
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e:
E
FB
,
wa
ter
,
an
d
tap
io
ca
f
lo
u
r
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e:
s
ca
les,
an
aly
tical,
o
v
e
n
,
d
esiccato
r
,
f
u
r
n
ac
e
,
p
o
r
ce
lain
c
u
p
,
b
ea
k
e
r
,
b
u
c
k
et,
s
to
p
watc
h
,
m
esh
(
s
iev
e)
,
s
iev
e
s
h
ak
e
r
,
a
n
d
a
s
et
o
f
p
ellet
m
ac
h
i
n
es
d
esig
n
e
d
to
ad
o
p
t
th
e
f
lat
d
ie
r
o
ller
-
p
late
ty
p
e.
A
v
is
u
al
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
is
m
ac
h
in
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pellet
m
ak
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
:
i)
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
len
g
th
:
1
5
2
0
m
m
,
wid
th
:
1
0
6
0
m
m
,
h
eig
h
t: 9
3
5
m
m
,
ii)
d
r
iv
e
m
o
to
r
: 1
.
5
k
W
/3
0
0
0
r
p
m
,
iii)
d
esig
n
ca
p
ac
ity
: 5
0
k
g
/h
.
2
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h
v
a
ria
bles
T
h
e
f
ix
ed
v
ar
ia
b
les
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e:
i)
r
aw
m
ater
ial:
em
p
ty
p
alm
o
il
b
u
n
ch
es
(
T
KKS
)
,
ii)
r
atio
o
f
T
KKS
to
wate
r
:
1
:5
,
iii)
s
o
ak
in
g
tim
e:
6
0
m
in
u
tes
,
an
d
i
v
)
th
e
im
m
er
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
b
u
b
b
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
b
lo
win
g
air
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
in
to
th
e
im
m
er
s
io
n
wate
r
)
.
T
esti
n
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
io
-
p
ellet
p
r
o
d
u
cts
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
e
m
p
ty
o
il
p
alm
b
u
n
c
h
es
is
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
with
s
ev
er
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
ffect
o
f
b
in
d
er
va
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
n
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f o
n
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
in
b
io
-
p
ellet
…
(
E
d
iw
a
n
)
255
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
(
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
)
,
n
am
ely
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
n
in
e
ty
p
es
o
f
s
am
p
les
will
b
e
v
ar
ie
d
:
i)
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
r
aw
m
ater
ials
(
T
KKS
s
ize:
2
0
,
4
0
,
an
d
6
0
m
esh
,
a
d
h
esiv
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
:
1
0
,
1
5
,
an
d
2
0
%wt
)
,
ii)
p
ellet
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
(
d
is
c
u
s
e
in
th
e
p
ellet
m
ac
h
in
e:
r
o
tate
th
e
d
is
c
an
d
th
e
f
ix
ed
d
is
c
)
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
v
ar
iab
les
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e:
i
)
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
ic
al,
m
ec
h
an
ical,
a
n
d
th
er
m
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
b
io
-
p
elle
t p
r
o
d
u
cts
,
ii)
m
ass
an
d
en
er
g
y
b
alan
ce
an
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Set o
f
b
io
-
p
ellet
p
r
in
tin
g
to
o
ls
2
.
4
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
t
re
a
t
m
ent
des
ig
n
T
h
e
b
i
o
-
p
ellet
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
b
eg
in
s
b
y
c
u
ttin
g
t
h
e
E
FB
in
to
lo
n
g
f
ib
er
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
t
h
e
n
d
r
ied
i
n
th
e
s
u
n
an
d
cu
t
in
to
p
iece
s
ab
o
u
t
3
-
5
cm
in
s
ize,
th
en
im
m
e
r
s
ed
in
wate
r
in
a
r
atio
o
f
1
:5
u
s
in
g
th
e
b
u
b
b
led
im
m
er
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
er
e
a
ir
is
cir
cu
lated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
im
m
er
s
io
n
wate
r
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
f
o
r
6
0
m
in
u
tes.
Af
ter
s
o
ak
in
g
,
t
h
e
f
i
b
er
s
ar
e
d
r
ied
in
th
e
o
v
e
n
at
6
0
°C
f
o
r
3
0
m
in
u
tes,
th
en
g
r
o
u
n
d
u
s
in
g
a
cr
u
s
h
er
with
m
esh
s
izes
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
,
4
0
,
an
d
6
0
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
i
b
er
s
ar
e
m
ix
ed
with
b
i
n
d
er
s
at
v
ar
y
in
g
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
is
s
tirr
ed
m
an
u
ally
f
o
r
1
0
m
in
u
tes
u
n
til
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
,
th
en
p
u
t
in
to
a
p
ellet
-
m
ak
i
n
g
m
ac
h
in
e
to
f
o
r
m
p
ellets.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
p
ellets
ar
e
co
llected
an
d
d
r
ied
in
an
o
v
en
at
1
0
5
°C
f
o
r
6
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
an
al
y
s
es
th
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
ellet
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
d
if
f
e
r
en
t c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
b
in
d
er
s
af
f
ec
t m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ef
f
i
cien
cy
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
nerg
y
c
o
ns
um
ptio
n
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
ellet
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
T
K
KS
with
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
a
d
h
esiv
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
test
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
ellet
-
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
th
e
o
r
etica
l
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
2
0
V
an
d
a
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
8
8
.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
ad
h
esiv
e
co
n
ten
t
(
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
5
%
to
2
5
%)
is
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
at
a
5
% a
d
h
esiv
e
lev
el,
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
a
n
g
es f
r
o
m
0
.
4
7
to
0
.
4
8
k
W
h
.
T
ab
le
1
.
L
o
ad
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
cti
o
n
m
o
to
r
s
R
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
F
a
st
e
n
e
r
(
g
r
)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(V)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(A)
P
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
(PF)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
En
e
r
g
y
(
k
W
h
)
1
5%
2
2
0
2
.
42
0
.
88
49
.
04
0
.
47
2
5%
2
2
0
2
.
50
0
.
88
50
.
02
0
.
48
3
5%
2
2
0
3
.
54
0
.
88
50
.
15
0
.
69
1
1
0
%
2
2
0
2
.
48
0
.
88
49
.
09
0
.
48
2
1
0
%
2
2
0
2
.
52
0
.
88
50
.
10
0
.
49
3
1
0
%
2
2
0
3
.
62
0
.
88
50
.
15
0
.
70
1
1
5
%
2
2
0
3
.
24
0
.
88
50
.
11
0
.
63
2
1
5
%
2
2
0
3
.
34
0
.
88
51
.
67
0
.
65
3
1
5
%
2
2
0
4
.
12
0
.
88
52
.
82
0
.
80
1
2
0
%
2
2
0
4
.
25
0
.
88
50
.
15
0
.
82
2
2
0
%
2
2
0
4
.
33
0
.
88
51
.
78
0
.
84
3
2
0
%
2
2
0
5
.
10
0
.
88
52
.
93
0
.
99
1
2
5
%
2
2
0
4
.
26
0
.
88
50
.
15
0
.
82
2
2
5
%
2
2
0
4
.
37
0
.
88
51
.
78
0
.
85
3
2
5
%
2
2
0
5
.
75
0
.
88
52
.
95
1
.
11
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
2
0
2
6
:
253
-
2
6
0
256
Ho
wev
er
,
at
2
5
%,
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
1
.
1
1
k
W
h
.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
a
d
h
esiv
e
c
o
n
te
n
t,
th
e
m
o
r
e
en
e
r
g
y
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
,
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
m
at
er
ial
v
is
co
s
ity
an
d
r
esis
tan
ce
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
elletiza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
en
s
er
an
d
s
tick
ier
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
,
th
e
h
ar
d
er
th
e
m
o
to
r
m
u
s
t
wo
r
k
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
m
u
c
h
h
ig
h
er
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Fr
o
m
a
tech
n
ical
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew,
m
ater
ials
with
h
ig
h
er
v
is
co
s
ity
an
d
d
e
n
s
ity
r
eq
u
ir
e
g
r
ea
ter
to
r
q
u
e
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e'
s
wo
r
k
lo
ad
in
cr
ea
s
es
alo
n
g
with
th
e
ad
h
esiv
e
lev
el,
wh
ic
h
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
its
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
lin
ea
r
p
atter
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
f
asten
er
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
en
g
in
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
was
a
s
m
all
v
ar
iatio
n
in
ea
ch
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
o
v
er
all,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
.
B
y
ca
l
cu
latin
g
th
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
b
in
d
e
r
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
at
5
%
o
f
th
e
b
in
d
er
c
o
n
ten
t,
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
0
.
1
k
W
h
.
T
h
e
lo
w
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
k
ee
p
s
th
e
v
is
co
s
ity
o
f
th
e
r
aw
m
ater
ial
at
a
lev
el
t
h
at
is
n
o
t
to
o
d
e
n
s
e,
allo
win
g
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
t
o
p
ell
etize
with
m
in
im
al
d
if
f
icu
lty
.
At
1
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
b
in
d
er
,
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
s
lig
h
tly
to
0
.
5
6
k
W
h
,
with
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
o
n
ly
0
.
0
1
k
W
h
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
5
% r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
b
in
d
er
,
as sh
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Av
e
r
ag
e
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
B
i
n
d
e
r
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
(
%)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
(
k
W
h
)
En
e
r
g
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
k
W
h
)
5
0
.
55
0
.
00
10
0
.
56
0
.
01
15
0
.
69
0
.
13
20
0
.
88
0
.
19
25
0
.
93
0
.
04
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
(
k
W
h
)
0
.
1
0
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
c
r
ea
s
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
wh
en
th
e
b
in
d
er
c
o
n
ten
t
wa
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
1
5
%,
wh
er
e
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
ea
ch
ed
0
.
6
9
k
W
h
,
s
h
o
win
g
a
p
o
wer
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
o
f
0
.
1
3
k
W
h
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
1
0
%
lev
el.
T
h
is
g
r
ea
ter
in
cr
e
ase
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
is
s
tar
tin
g
to
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
to
h
a
n
d
le
r
aw
m
ater
ials
with
h
ig
h
er
v
is
co
s
ity
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
m
ak
es
th
e
m
ater
ial
t
h
ick
er
,
s
o
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
h
as
t
o
wo
r
k
h
ar
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
ellets
o
f
th
e
d
esire
d
q
u
ality
.
At
th
e
2
0
%
b
in
d
er
lev
el,
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
u
r
th
er
to
0
.
8
8
k
W
h
,
with
a
p
o
wer
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
o
f
0
.
1
9
k
W
h
f
r
o
m
th
e
1
5
%
lev
el.
At
2
5
%
o
f
th
e
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
s
m
aller
,
with
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
o
n
ly
0
.
0
4
k
W
h
an
d
an
av
er
ag
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
0
.
9
3
k
W
h
.
Fu
r
th
er
a
n
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
av
er
ag
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
ev
er
y
5
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t
was
0
.
1
0
k
W
h
.
T
h
is
tr
e
n
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
th
e
lev
els
o
f
b
in
d
e
r
co
n
ten
t
o
f
1
5
% a
n
d
2
0
% c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t in
cr
ea
s
e
in
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
3
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
o
f
s
ing
le
-
ph
a
s
e
ind
uct
io
n m
o
t
o
rs
T
h
e
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
h
as
a
r
e
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
b
io
-
p
ellet
m
ac
h
i
n
e.
As
th
e
f
asten
er
co
n
ten
t
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
en
g
in
e
s
p
ee
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
d
ata
in
T
a
b
le
3
s
h
o
ws
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
s
p
ee
d
as
th
e
f
asten
er
co
n
te
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
es.
At
lo
w
b
i
n
d
er
co
n
ten
t,
r
aw
m
ater
ials
ten
d
to
b
e
ea
s
ier
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
is
n
o
n
-
s
tick
y
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
b
u
r
d
e
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
.
T
h
is
allo
ws
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
to
o
p
er
ate
at
o
p
tim
al
s
p
ee
d
.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
th
e
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
v
i
s
co
s
ity
o
f
th
e
r
aw
m
ater
ial
also
in
cr
ea
s
es,
ad
d
in
g
an
ex
t
r
a
lo
ad
t
o
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
.
At
1
0
%
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
s
p
ee
d
was o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
with
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
to
2
7
1
3
r
p
m
.
An
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
f
asten
in
g
c
o
n
ten
t
o
f
u
p
to
1
5
%
led
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
e
n
g
in
e
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
e
ed
(
r
p
m
)
to
2
,
6
4
5
,
wh
ile
at
2
0
%
f
asten
in
g
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
d
r
o
p
p
ed
f
u
r
th
er
to
2
,
5
5
0
r
p
m
,
an
d
at
2
5
%,
r
p
m
to
2
,
4
6
9
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
en
g
in
e,
wh
ich
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
th
e
b
in
d
er
,
also
h
as
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Ma
ch
in
es
th
at
wo
r
k
h
ar
d
er
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
ick
er
m
ater
ials
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
in
d
e
r
n
o
t
o
n
ly
af
f
ec
ts
s
p
ee
d
b
u
t
also
im
p
ac
ts
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
t
ef
f
ici
en
cy
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
p
ee
d
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
d
u
e
to
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
8
0
.
2
5
r
p
m
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
5
%
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t,
o
r
1
6
.
0
5
r
p
m
f
o
r
ev
er
y
1
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
ese
f
ig
u
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
a
g
en
er
al
p
atter
n
th
at
an
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t
a
d
d
s
r
esis
tan
ce
to
e
n
g
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
in
d
er
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
ater
ials
with
to
o
h
ig
h
b
in
d
er
co
n
ten
t
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
as seen
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
r
p
m
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
3
.
3
.
Rela
t
io
ns
hip
bet
wee
n e
nerg
y
co
ns
um
ptio
n a
nd
perf
o
rm
a
nce
o
f
s
ing
le
-
ph
a
s
e
ind
uct
io
n m
o
t
o
rs
Usi
n
g
s
im
p
le
lin
ea
r
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
,
we
ca
n
p
r
e
d
ict
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
b
in
d
e
r
co
n
te
n
t.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
is
th
e
b
in
d
er
c
o
n
ten
t
u
s
ed
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
in
clu
d
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
m
o
d
el
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
twee
n
b
in
d
e
r
c
o
n
ten
t
an
d
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
iab
le
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
h
o
w
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
b
in
d
e
r
co
n
te
n
t a
f
f
ec
t th
e
o
v
e
r
all
s
y
s
te
m
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
ffect
o
f
b
in
d
er
va
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
n
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f o
n
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
in
b
io
-
p
ellet
…
(
E
d
iw
a
n
)
257
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
4
,
we
ca
n
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
t
h
e
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
ten
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
ch
an
g
e
s
in
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
allo
ws
u
s
to
id
en
tify
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
b
in
d
in
g
co
n
te
n
t
th
at
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
b
est
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
u
s
ag
e.
Simp
le
li
n
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les,
b
u
t
also
h
elp
s
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
b
in
d
er
.
T
h
is
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
el
allo
ws
s
im
u
latio
n
with
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
with
o
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
r
ep
ea
ted
p
h
y
s
ical
test
s
.
T
h
is
s
av
es
tim
e
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
b
i
o
-
p
ellets.
On
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
i
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
t
h
at
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
f
aste
n
e
r
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
ati
o
n
in
c
r
ea
s
es
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
t
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
al
m
o
s
t
li
n
ea
r
l
y
i
n
a
li
n
ea
r
m
a
n
n
er
.
T
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
p
o
i
n
t
o
n
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
n
d
e
r
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
r
e
b
al
a
n
ce
d
.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e,
th
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
p
o
in
t
li
es
b
et
wee
n
t
h
e
b
i
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
c
en
tr
ati
o
n
s
o
f
1
5
%
a
n
d
2
0
%
.
T
h
is
is
a
k
e
y
m
a
r
k
e
r
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
an
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
li
m
its
o
f
a
b
i
o
-
p
el
let
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
p
o
i
n
t
r
e
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
o
t
o
r
s
p
e
ed
.
B
e
f
o
r
e
r
e
ac
h
i
n
g
t
h
is
p
o
i
n
t,
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
r
e
m
a
in
s
r
elat
iv
el
y
l
o
w
e
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
n
c
e
n
tr
ati
o
n
o
f
b
in
d
er
s
i
n
c
r
e
ases
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
a
f
t
er
th
is
p
o
in
t,
e
n
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
i
n
c
r
e
ases
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259
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m
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n
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r
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LN
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UP3
Ja
m
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d
o
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e
sia
.
He
c
a
n
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e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
e
d
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n
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ln
.
c
o
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i
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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Distrib
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t
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m
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o
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c
a
n
b
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c
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n
tac
ted
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t
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m
a
il
:
g
a
n
d
i
.
su
p
r
iad
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ln
.
c
o
.
id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.