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I
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W
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1
3
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1
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T
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ed
th
e
J
2
9
5
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
[
1
8
]
f
o
r
lig
h
t
-
d
u
ty
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles.
T
h
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
cr
u
cial
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
izin
g
th
e
wir
eless
E
Vs ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
p
u
t p
o
wer
(
W
PT
p
o
wer
class
es
)
,
v
er
tical
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
co
ils
(
W
PT
Z
-
C
lass
es),
g
r
o
u
n
d
ass
em
b
ly
in
s
tallatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
an
d
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
class
if
icatio
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
s
p
ec
if
ies
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
,
m
ax
im
u
m
allo
wab
le
co
il
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t,
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
in
b
o
th
with
an
d
with
o
u
t c
o
il m
is
alig
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
SAE
J
2
9
5
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
in
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
r
is
in
g
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
s
,
a
s
tu
d
y
in
[
1
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
co
n
v
er
ter
(
MM
C
)
.
An
in
teg
r
ated
b
o
o
s
t
m
u
ltil
ev
el
co
n
v
er
ter
(
I
B
MC)
with
a
p
r
im
ar
y
-
s
id
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
0
]
,
wh
ich
ac
h
iev
es
a
b
o
o
s
ted
m
u
ltil
ev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wh
ile
elim
in
atin
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
h
ig
h
co
u
p
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
ler
an
ce
to
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
cy
,
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
d
o
u
b
le
s
et
s
q
u
ar
e
(
DSSq
)
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
ad
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
co
il.
I
n
s
y
s
tem
s
with
o
u
t p
ar
k
in
g
ass
is
tan
ce
,
a
s
p
lit
f
lat
s
o
len
o
id
co
u
p
ler
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
2
]
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
later
al
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
to
ler
an
ce
wh
ile
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
p
p
er
an
d
f
er
r
ite
m
ater
ial
u
s
ag
e.
A
r
ec
eiv
er
co
il
with
a
d
u
al
-
lay
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
an
M
-
co
r
e
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
2
3
]
,
wh
ich
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
an
d
co
u
p
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
f
u
lly
co
m
p
ly
with
th
e
SAE
J
2
9
5
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
co
il d
esig
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
to
ler
an
ce
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
aim
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
o
p
tim
al
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
s
th
at
m
ee
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
SAE
J
2
9
5
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
co
ils
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
v
er
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ag
n
etic
s
im
u
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
OM
SOL
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Fin
ally
,
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
a
2
-
k
W
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
2.
SAE
J
2
9
5
4
ST
ANDA
RD
O
VE
RV
I
E
W
T
h
e
SAE
J
2
9
5
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
estab
lis
h
es
g
lo
b
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
wir
eless
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
lig
h
t
-
d
u
ty
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles.
I
t
d
ef
in
es
ac
ce
p
tab
le
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
,
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
(
E
MC),
E
MF
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
m
in
im
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
af
ety
,
an
d
test
in
g
f
o
r
W
PT
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles.
T
h
e
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
m
ain
p
ar
ts
:
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ass
em
b
ly
(
GA)
an
d
th
e
v
eh
icle
ass
em
b
ly
(
VA)
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
is
f
ir
s
t
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
DC
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
in
to
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
GA
elec
tr
o
n
ics.
I
t is th
en
wir
eless
ly
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
VA
v
ia
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
GA
an
d
VA
co
ils
.
B
ef
o
r
e
d
eliv
er
in
g
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
to
th
e
E
V’
s
b
atter
y
,
th
e
in
d
u
ce
d
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
AC
is
r
ec
tifie
d
b
y
th
e
VA
elec
tr
o
n
ics.
T
h
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
class
if
ies
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
in
p
u
t
ap
p
ar
en
t
p
o
wer
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
(
W
PT
p
o
wer
class
es),
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
s
(
W
PT
Z
-
class
es),
g
r
o
u
n
d
ass
em
b
ly
in
s
tallatio
n
ty
p
es,
an
d
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
W
PT
p
o
wer
class
es
ar
e
W
PT1
(
3
.
7
k
VA
)
,
W
PT2
(
7
.
7
k
VA
)
,
an
d
W
PT3
(
1
1
.
1
k
VA
)
.
T
h
e
W
PT
Z
-
class
ed
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
er
tical
clea
r
an
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
th
e
lo
wer
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
VA
co
il,
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
VA
co
il
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
.
T
h
e
W
PT
Z
-
class
es
in
clu
d
e
Z
1
(
1
0
0
–
1
5
0
m
m
)
,
Z
2
(
1
4
0
–
2
1
0
m
m
)
,
an
d
Z
3
(
1
7
0
–
2
5
0
m
m
)
.
T
h
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ef
in
es
th
r
ee
GA
in
s
tallatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
m
o
u
n
tin
g
p
o
s
itio
n
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
,
wh
ich
ar
e
ab
o
v
e
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
m
o
u
n
tin
g
(
GA
is
p
lace
d
o
n
to
p
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e)
,
f
lu
s
h
m
o
u
n
tin
g
(
GA
is
in
s
talled
f
lu
s
h
with
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e)
,
an
d
b
u
r
ied
m
o
u
n
tin
g
(
GA
is
b
u
r
ied
b
elo
w
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e)
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
VA,
th
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ef
in
es
two
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
class
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
GA.
I
n
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
C
lass
I
GA
r
ef
er
s
to
a
GA
th
at
is
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
u
s
e
(
m
u
ltip
le
VA)
,
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
u
ll
r
an
g
e
o
f
VA
co
il
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
s
an
d
in
p
u
t
p
o
wer
r
an
g
e.
I
n
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
C
lass
I
I
GA
r
ef
er
s
to
a
GA
th
at
is
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
u
s
e
(
s
p
ec
if
ic
VA)
.
I
t
m
ay
o
p
er
ate
o
v
er
less
th
an
th
e
f
u
ll
VA
co
il
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
r
an
g
e
an
d
in
p
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f th
e
w
ir
eless
E
V
ch
a
r
g
er to
mee
t th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
r
eq
u
ir
eme
n
t o
f
…
(
P
a
tch
a
r
a
p
o
n
K
a
ewn
o
en
)
13
p
o
wer
r
an
g
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
y
s
tem
in
th
is
wo
r
k
is
class
if
ied
as
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
h
av
e
b
e
e
n
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
S
A
E
J
2
9
5
4
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
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u
r
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1
.
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e
r
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as d
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k
H
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3.
S
YST
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M
DE
SCRI
P
T
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O
N
A
ND
ANAL
YSI
S
T
h
e
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
by
th
e
eq
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iv
alen
t
cir
cu
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Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
,
wh
er
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V
in
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ts
th
e
f
ir
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t
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t
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h
e
in
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tr
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s
m
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GA)
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en
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p
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r
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tiv
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h
e
in
tr
in
s
ic
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tan
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o
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8
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I
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1
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s
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m
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ly
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s
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s
tr
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r
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f
co
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p
led
co
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f
o
r
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E
V
ch
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g
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s
tem
s
ar
e
th
e
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lar
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C
FS
C
)
,
s
q
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ar
e
f
lat
s
p
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(
SF
SC
)
,
do
u
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D
pa
d
(
DD)
,
dou
b
le
D
-
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
p
ad
(
DDQ)
,
an
d
bi
-
p
o
lar
p
ad
(
B
P).
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
2
5
]
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
3
.
I
t
is
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
C
FS
C
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
eq
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ir
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w
s
p
ac
e
v
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m
e
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ater
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r
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r
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r
m
m
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ield
d
is
tr
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u
tio
n
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s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ab
ilit
y
[
2
6
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
th
e
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
t
em
:
(
a)
f
u
ll c
ir
c
u
it a
n
d
(
b
)
s
im
p
lifie
d
cir
cu
it
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
p
led
co
ils
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es u
s
ed
i
n
a
wir
eless
E
V
c
h
ar
g
er
S
t
r
u
c
t
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r
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M
i
s
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me
n
t
t
o
l
e
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e
S
p
a
c
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v
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u
me
M
a
t
e
r
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a
l
u
s
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g
e
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e
a
k
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w
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w
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k
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Lo
w
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e
d
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m
M
e
d
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m
M
e
d
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m
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e
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m
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e
d
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m
H
i
g
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BP
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e
f
e
r
a
b
l
e
M
e
d
i
u
m
M
e
d
i
u
m
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
DE
SI
G
N
T
E
C
H
NIQU
E
T
o
m
ee
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
SAE
J
2
9
5
4
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
as
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
2
,
th
is
wo
r
k
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
o
p
tim
al
d
esig
n
o
f
a
co
u
p
led
co
il
f
o
r
th
e
wir
eless
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
A
cir
cu
lar
f
lat
s
p
ir
al
co
il
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
is
ad
o
p
ted
d
u
e
to
its
k
ey
ad
v
an
tag
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
ea
s
e
o
f
d
esig
n
,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
u
n
if
o
r
m
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
il’s
in
n
er
d
iam
eter
,
co
il’s
o
u
ter
d
iam
eter
,
co
p
p
er
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e’
s
cr
o
s
s
-
s
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ar
ea
,
an
d
s
p
ac
in
g
b
etwe
en
co
il
tu
r
n
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
d
i
,
d
o
,
w,
an
d
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Var
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
ef
f
o
r
ts
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
cir
cu
lar
f
lat
s
p
ir
al
co
ils
;
n
ev
er
th
eless
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asize
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
o
u
t
r
ef
er
en
cin
g
o
r
co
n
f
o
r
m
in
g
to
estab
lis
h
ed
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic,
f
lo
wch
ar
t
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
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th
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2
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r
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s
ly
o
p
tim
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d
esig
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tech
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iq
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an
d
th
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p
r
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p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
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f th
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w
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15
Fig
u
r
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3
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C
ir
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ir
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ig
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ile
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ag
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u
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m
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s
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h
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n
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ain
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m
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en
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ter
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ter
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f
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ated
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h
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en
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r
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at
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d
if
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etwe
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th
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ated
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d
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f
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et,
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p
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ated
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e
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ig
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d
th
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esig
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s
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to
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.
Usi
n
g
th
e
p
r
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p
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s
ed
tech
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iq
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e,
ap
p
lied
u
n
d
er
th
e
d
esig
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
T
ab
le
5
,
y
ield
s
th
e
o
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tim
al
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ar
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eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
u
p
led
co
il o
f
th
e
wir
eless
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
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t J
Po
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&
Dr
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u
r
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4
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As
in
d
icate
d
in
T
ab
le
6
,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
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il
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
at
iter
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=
14
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th
is
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tag
e,
th
e
co
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n
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ter
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ar
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4
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8
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2
3
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m
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5
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2
3
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,
r
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tiv
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ter
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with
in
th
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ax
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m
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it
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f
7
0
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m
m
,
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d
th
e
d
esig
n
m
ee
ts
th
e
wh
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ler
co
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d
itio
n
.
Fo
r
co
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p
ar
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f
u
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f
r
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m
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cted
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h
e
r
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o
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at
th
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et
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d
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o
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ar
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ef
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f
f
icien
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OM
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lated
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T
h
e
FEA
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u
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esu
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r
e
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in
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icate
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at
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ig
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ag
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etic
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u
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m
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ea
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er
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ies
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e
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r
o
p
o
s
ed
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esig
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m
eth
o
d
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er
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o
r
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g
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co
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tu
r
n
n
u
m
b
er
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th
e
r
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lts
in
d
icate
th
at
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ag
n
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p
lin
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ec
r
ea
s
es
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ea
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g
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d
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h
o
r
izo
n
tal
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t b
etwe
en
th
e
co
ils
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
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C
OM
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u
ltip
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r
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6
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FEA
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im
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e
e
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e
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n
d
i
t
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.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Fab
r
icate
d
co
il d
esig
n
ed
with
th
e
o
p
tim
al
co
il p
ar
a
m
eter
s
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
e
tic
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u
p
lin
g
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o
ef
f
icien
t a
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
f
f
s
et
d
is
tan
ce
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
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9
4
I
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t J
Po
w
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lec
&
Dr
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t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
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1
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h
20
2
6
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11
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24
18
T
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e
m
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an
d
th
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e
s
h
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r
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g
ap
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en
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r
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th
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h
e
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alid
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er
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m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f th
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w
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r
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t o
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…
(
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tch
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p
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a
ewn
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19
T
h
e
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y
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ef
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icien
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th
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with
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e
r
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in
Fig
u
r
e
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.
T
h
e
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p
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m
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u
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1
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ately
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r
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r
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im
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u
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6
.
Desp
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I
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Vo
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1
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No
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Ma
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20
2
6
:
11
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24
20
T
o
ev
alu
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th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
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ty
p
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test
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co
m
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with
th
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o
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m
an
ce
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eq
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ir
em
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as
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2
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6.
P
RACTI
CAL
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
N
T
AT
I
O
N
CO
NS
I
DE
RAT
I
O
NS
W
h
ile
th
e
2
-
k
W
p
r
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ty
p
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
v
alid
ates
th
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co
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d
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m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
tr
an
s
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n
in
g
to
a
co
m
m
er
cial
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
ac
tical
ch
allen
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es,
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
elate
d
to
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
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(
E
MI
)
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d
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
I
n
a
p
r
ac
tical
W
PT
s
y
s
tem
,
m
an
ag
in
g
E
MI
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
s
af
ety
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
h
ield
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
co
il,
an
FEA
s
im
u
latio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
a)
,
th
e
u
n
s
h
ield
ed
co
il
ex
h
ib
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
leak
ag
e,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
in
d
u
ce
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
a
v
eh
icle'
s
ch
ass
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
ad
d
in
g
a
f
er
r
ite
p
late
b
eh
in
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th
e
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to
g
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id
e
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e
f
lu
x
an
d
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m
in
u
m
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late
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ay
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ield
s
.
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h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
is
s
h
ield
in
g
s
tr
ateg
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ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
ed
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ce
s
m
ag
n
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ield
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ag
e
b
y
6
0
%,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
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ield
is
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
ils
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
p
o
ten
tial in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Simu
ltan
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u
s
ly
,
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
p
r
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en
t
th
e
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ils
f
r
o
m
o
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er
h
ea
tin
g
,
wh
ich
ca
n
d
am
ag
e
in
s
u
latio
n
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
s
s
es.
At
th
e
2
-
k
W
p
o
wer
lev
el
an
d
8
5
k
Hz
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
L
itz
wir
e
is
a
p
r
im
ar
y
s
tr
ateg
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
AC
r
esis
tan
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
k
in
an
d
p
r
o
x
im
ity
ef
f
ec
ts
,
th
er
eb
y
m
in
im
izin
g
h
ea
t
g
en
er
atio
n
.
Fo
r
a
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
a
d
ed
icate
d
th
er
m
al
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
FEA
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
u
n
d
er
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
.
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en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
p
ass
iv
e
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o
lin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
atu
r
al
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
o
r
an
ac
tiv
e
co
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lin
g
s
y
s
tem
m
ig
h
t
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
co
il
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
with
in
s
af
e
o
p
er
atin
g
lim
its
.
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h
e
p
r
esen
ted
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
u
tili
ze
s
a
f
u
ll
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
id
e
an
d
a
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
r
ec
tifie
r
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
was
m
ain
tain
ed
at
2
k
W
b
y
m
an
u
ally
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
I
n
a
co
m
m
er
cial
ap
p
licatio
n
,
a
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
r
eg
u
latin
g
p
o
wer
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
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u
n
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er
v
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in
g
lo
ad
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n
d
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s
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d
co
il
m
is
alig
n
m
en
ts
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
clu
d
e
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
leg
s
o
r
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
to
m
ain
tain
r
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n
an
ce
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
s
witch
in
g
(
Z
VS)
,
th
er
eb
y
m
in
im
izin
g
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
p
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