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Per
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C
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Vijay
Mu
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Dep
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Ko
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Fo
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3
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v
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m
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co
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1.
I
NT
RO
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I
O
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Du
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to
th
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s
u
p
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ter
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s
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in
m
ed
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m
/h
ig
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-
p
o
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s
[
1
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.
T
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p
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v
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wo
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k
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liter
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5
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p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
th
e
C
HB
o
win
g
to
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
is
s
u
es
[
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
em
p
lo
y
in
g
lev
el
-
s
h
if
te
d
PW
M
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
C
HB
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
Ph
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
PW
M
(
PS
PW
M)
b
alan
ce
s
p
o
wer
in
FC
an
d
C
HB
u
s
in
g
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
p
o
wer
ce
ll.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
m
o
d
u
latin
g
s
ig
n
als,
s
u
ch
as
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
PW
M
(
S
PW
M)
,
th
ir
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
in
jecte
d
P
W
M
(
T
HP
W
M)
,
6
0
˚
m
o
d
u
lated
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
PW
M
(
SDP
W
M)
,
an
d
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
PW
M
(
T
R
PW
M)
,
ea
ch
with
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
SP
W
M
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
s
in
ce
it'
s
ea
s
y
to
m
ak
e
.
Flatten
in
g
th
e
to
p
o
f
T
HPW
M,
SDP
W
M,
an
d
T
R
PW
M
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
s
allo
ws lin
ea
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
C
ar
r
ier
an
d
m
o
d
u
latin
g
s
ig
n
als
allo
w
am
p
litu
d
e,
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
an
d
p
h
ase
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
.
Mu
ltip
le
m
u
ltil
ay
er
PW
M
m
ay
b
e
f
o
r
m
ed
f
r
o
m
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
m
o
d
u
latin
g
s
ig
n
als
[
2
5
]
.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
c
h
er
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
m
u
lticar
r
ie
r
PW
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
r
ec
en
t
y
e
ar
s
[
2
6
]
-
[
2
8
]
.
No
liter
atu
r
e
ex
is
ts
o
n
th
e
s
im
p
le
s
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
cr
ea
tin
g
m
u
lticar
r
ier
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
n
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
an
d
T
HD
an
aly
s
is
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
s
im
u
lates
a
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
-
f
ed
PMSM
u
s
in
g
t
h
r
ee
ca
r
r
ier
PW
M
m
eth
o
d
s
.
SP
W
M,
T
HI
PW
M,
an
d
SVPW
M
ar
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
em
p
l
o
y
ed
h
er
e.
Ph
ase
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
,
p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
,
a
n
d
alter
n
ate
p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
a
r
e
th
ese
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
n
all
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es,
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
a
n
d
tr
a
p
ez
o
i
d
al
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
als
to
cr
e
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
p
u
ls
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
%THD
.
Mu
lti
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ev
er
al
p
o
ten
tials
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
m
an
y
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
d
ec
a
d
es,
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
PMSM
m
o
to
r
d
r
i
v
es
h
av
e
ac
h
iev
ed
g
r
e
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
h
o
m
e
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ML
I
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
f
e
d
PMSM
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
e
k
e
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as
f
o
l
lo
ws:
i)
A
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
PD,
POD,
an
d
APOD
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
ap
p
lied
to
a
5
-
le
v
el
d
io
d
e
-
clam
p
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
f
ee
d
in
g
a
PMSM
d
r
iv
e;
ii)
Qu
an
titativ
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
t
io
n
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
v
a
r
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
;
iii)
Dem
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
T
HD
r
ed
u
ctio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
3
-
lev
el
VSI
-
b
ased
d
r
iv
es;
an
d
iv
)
Valid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
u
n
d
e
r
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
-
f
ed
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
2.
DIOD
E
C
L
A
M
P
E
D
M
U
L
T
I
L
E
V
E
L
I
NV
E
R
T
E
R
I
n
th
eir
i
n
itial
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltil
ay
er
in
v
er
ter
(
ML
I
)
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
s
tu
d
y
in
[
2
9
]
u
s
ed
th
e
d
io
d
e
clam
p
ed
m
u
ltil
ay
er
in
v
er
te
r
(
DC
ML
I
)
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
,
DC
ML
I
is
a
d
e
s
ir
ab
le
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
.
A
s
tr
in
g
s
er
ies
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
is
u
s
ed
t
o
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
s
in
g
le
DC
b
u
s
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
io
d
e
clam
p
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
te
r
(
DC
ML
I
)
in
to
m
an
y
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els.
T
o
b
lo
ck
a
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
o
f
Vd
c/(
m
-
1
)
,
wh
er
e
m
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
els,
ea
ch
ac
tiv
e
s
witch
in
g
d
ev
ice
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t;
h
o
wev
er
,
to
b
lo
ck
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
v
o
ltag
e,
th
e
clam
p
in
g
d
io
d
es
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
s
.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
s
tag
e,
y
o
u
'
ll
n
ee
d
(
m
-
1
)
*
(
m
-
2
)
d
io
d
es.
W
ith
th
is
v
alu
e,
we
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
m
h
as
in
cr
e
ased
q
u
ad
r
at
ically
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ec
o
m
es
u
n
wo
r
k
a
b
le
as
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
els
g
r
o
ws
d
u
e
to
th
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
g
r
o
wth
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
io
d
es.
W
h
en
d
esig
n
in
g
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e,
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
in
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
(
PW
M)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
o
f
th
e
clam
p
in
g
d
i
o
d
es b
ec
o
m
es th
e
m
o
s
t sig
n
if
ican
t c
h
allen
g
e.
3.
M
UL
T
I
-
C
ARRI
E
R
P
U
L
S
E
-
WI
D
T
H
M
O
DU
L
AT
I
O
N
S
CH
E
M
E
S
T
o
g
e
n
er
ate
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
al
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
,
th
e
well
-
k
n
o
wn
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
p
u
ls
e
-
wi
d
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
MC
-
PW
M)
s
ch
em
es
g
iv
e
t
h
e
b
asic
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
a
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
s
ch
em
e
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
lo
ad
s
id
e
f
ilter
u
n
its
b
y
co
n
v
er
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
582
-
592
584
lo
w
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
to
h
ig
h
-
o
r
d
er
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics.
R
ed
u
ce
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
n
e
ar
-
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e,
litt
le
f
ilter
in
g
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
ar
e
all
r
esu
lts
o
f
lo
w
lev
e
ls
o
f
h
ig
h
-
o
r
d
e
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
r
el
ativ
e
to
lo
w
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
B
o
th
b
asic
o
r
lo
w
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
k
n
o
wn
as
v
o
ltag
e
-
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
an
d
h
ig
h
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
k
n
o
w
n
as
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es,
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
VSI
s
an
d
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
Du
r
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
th
ese
b
asic
o
r
lo
w
s
witch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
s
y
s
tem
s
n
ee
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
a
h
ig
h
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
h
a
v
e
lim
ited
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
f
ea
tu
r
es.
On
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
al
an
d
m
a
n
y
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
a
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
witch
in
g
s
tat
es
in
an
ap
p
ea
lin
g
h
ig
h
-
s
witch
in
g
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
-
b
ased
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
On
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
o
n
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(S
-
PW
M)
s
ch
em
e
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
y
s
tem
[
3
2
]
.
B
o
th
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
a
r
e
r
elate
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
r
elatio
n
al
o
p
er
ato
r
f
o
r
attain
in
g
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
witch
in
g
p
atter
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
m
ci.
T
h
e
i
n
d
ex
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
at
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
als
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
elati
o
n
o
f
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
(
Vr
)
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als (
Vcr
)
,
wh
ic
h
v
ar
ies f
r
o
m
0
<m
ci<
1
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
is
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
as
(
1
)
.
=
(
≤
1
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
t
a
i
r
c
a
s
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
r
e
li
e
s
o
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
e
x
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
D
C
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
)
.
=
∗
(
2
)
W
h
er
e,
V_
d
c
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
p
u
t
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
r
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
m
an
y
DC
in
p
u
ts
,
m
_
ci
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
r
atio
.
T
h
e
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al;
th
e
h
ig
h
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
t
y
p
e
p
lay
s
a
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
o
v
er
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
ty
p
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
tair
ca
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
elies
o
n
th
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t D
C
v
o
ltag
e,
as sh
o
wn
in
(
2
)
.
3
.
1
.
L
ev
el
-
s
hift
ed
pu
ls
e
-
widt
h m
o
du
la
t
io
n
(
L
S
-
P
WM
)
s
c
hem
e
L
ev
el
-
s
h
if
ted
m
o
d
u
latio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
(
L
S
-
PW
M)
is
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
[
2
4
]
.
I
ts
co
n
ce
p
t
is
“tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
s
ev
er
al
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
with
am
p
litu
d
e”
.
All
L
S
-
PW
M
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
h
av
e
id
en
tical
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
atio
s
b
u
t
v
ar
y
in
g
p
ea
k
am
p
litu
d
e
s
b
ased
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
L
S
-
PW
M
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
p
h
ase
-
s
h
if
ted
,
ex
ce
p
t
th
at
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
e
d
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
P
D,
POD,
an
d
APOD
s
ch
em
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
h
a
s
e
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
PD)
m
o
d
u
lates
all
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als.
Ph
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
POD)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
m
ea
n
th
at
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
ab
o
v
e
th
e
ze
r
o
lin
e
o
f
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
m
o
d
u
latin
g
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
ar
e
1
8
0
°
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase,
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
b
elo
w
th
e
z
er
o
lin
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Alt
er
n
ativ
e
p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
APOD)
,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
m
ea
n
th
at
ea
ch
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
is
p
h
ase
s
h
if
ted
b
y
1
8
0
°
f
r
o
m
its
ad
jace
n
t
ca
r
r
ier
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sev
e
r
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
,
an
d
attr
ac
tiv
e
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ev
al
u
ates
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
L
SP
W
M
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
a
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
-
s
u
p
p
lie
d
PMSM
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
iv
e.
Fig
u
r
es
5
-
7
d
ep
ict
a
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
al
ca
r
r
ier
-
b
ase
d
PW
M
o
n
s
ev
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
,
in
clu
d
in
g
PD,
PO
D,
an
d
APOD
[
3
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ph
ase
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
PD)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ph
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
(
p
o
d
)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
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lec
&
Dr
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s
t
I
SS
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-
8
6
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4
Mu
lti
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ier P
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tech
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a
s
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f a
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leve
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K
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585
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u
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4
.
Alter
n
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p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
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(
APOD)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mo
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
al
o
f
SP
W
M
i
n
v
er
ter
o
n
PD m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Mo
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
al
o
f
SP
W
M
in
v
er
ter
o
n
POD
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Mo
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
al
o
f
SP
W
M
i
n
v
er
ter
o
n
APOD
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
4.
5
-
L
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VE
L
DC
M
L
I
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
F
O
R
P
M
SM
DR
I
VE
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
a
5
-
lev
el
DC
-
ML
I
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Fo
r
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ath
(
n
-
1)
×
(n
-
2
)
,
b
asic
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
r
e
q
u
ir
es
2
(
n
-
1
)
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
/o
r
n
e
g
ativ
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
witch
es:
Sr1
/Sr1
'
,
Sr2
/Sr2
'
,
Sr3
/Sr3
'
,
an
d
Sr4
/Sr4
'
.
C
lam
p
in
g
d
io
d
e
s
ar
e
Da1
/Da1
'
,
Da2
/Da2
'
,
D
a3
/Da3
'
,
an
d
DC
-
lin
k
s
o
u
r
ce
is
(
n
-
1
)
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
d
eter
m
i
n
e
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
Vd
c.
Ser
i
es
-
in
teg
r
ated
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
C
r
4
an
d
C
r
3
,
in
th
e
b
o
tto
m
p
o
r
tio
n
,
an
d
C
r
2
a
n
d
C
r
1
f
o
r
a
5
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
tag
e
ar
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
y
a
co
m
m
o
n
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
(
N)
.
Sy
n
th
esized
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
wav
e
-
s
h
ap
e
Vo
u
t
h
ad
f
iv
e
lev
els:
0
Vd
c,
Vd
c/4
,
-
Vd
c/4
,
Vd
c/2
-
Vd
c/2
,
an
d
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
i
n
t (
N)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
-
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
id
ea
l
s
witc
h
in
g
s
tates
f
o
r
5
-
lev
el
DC
-
ML
I
.
T
h
e
s
tair
ca
s
e
5
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
ar
e
s
y
n
th
esized
at
lo
ad
ter
m
in
als
b
etwe
en
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
(
N)
an
d
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
n
o
d
e
(
Vo
)
.
T
h
e
to
p
s
witch
es
Sr2
,
Sr3
,
an
d
Sr4
,
an
d
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
witch
Sr1
'
ar
e
s
witch
ed
ON
in
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
alf
-
cy
cl
e
f
o
r
Vd
c/4
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
al
V
o
in
m
o
d
e
-
A.
T
h
e
to
p
s
witch
es
Sr1
,
Sr2
,
Sr3
,
an
d
Sr4
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
in
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
alf
-
cy
cle
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
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-
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586
to
p
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o
d
u
ce
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th
e
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u
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t
ter
m
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al
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in
m
o
d
e
B
.
Mo
d
e
C
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
0
V
d
c
b
y
t
u
r
n
i
n
g
o
n
t
o
p
s
witch
es
Sr3
,
Sr4
,
an
d
b
o
tto
m
s
witch
es
Sr1
'
,
Sr2
'
.
I
n
m
o
d
e
-
D,
t
h
e
to
p
s
witch
Sa4
an
d
b
o
tto
m
s
witch
es
Sr1
'
,
Sr2
'
,
an
d
Sr3
'
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
in
t
h
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
h
alf
-
c
y
cle
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
-
Vd
c/4
at
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
ter
m
in
a
l
Vo
.
Usi
n
g
v
iab
le
s
witch
in
g
s
tates,
m
o
d
e
-
E
ch
an
g
es a
ll b
o
tto
m
s
witch
es Sr
1
'
,
S
r
2
'
,
Sr3
'
,
an
d
Sr4
'
o
n
in
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
h
alf
-
cy
cle
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
-
Vd
c/2
at
o
u
tp
u
t te
r
m
i
n
al
Vo
[
3
5
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Switch
in
g
s
ta
tes o
f
th
e
5
-
lev
el
DC
-
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
M
o
d
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
O
)
C
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le
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ed
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ed
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ix
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d
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itu
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u
s
in
g
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e
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im
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lin
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Fig
u
r
e
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s
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o
ws
5
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ML
I
-
s
u
p
p
lied
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er
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ce
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t
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ee
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.
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h
at
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o
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t
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u
t
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o
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Fig
u
r
e
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(
a)
)
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s
tato
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
b
)
)
,
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
9
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
c)
)
,
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tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
(
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
d
)
)
,
r
o
to
r
a
n
g
le
(
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
e)
)
,
5
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
an
aly
s
is
(
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
f
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)
,
a
n
d
s
t
ato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
T
HD
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al
y
s
is
(
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
g
)
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.
DC
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I
to
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o
lo
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tair
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s
e
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lev
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t
v
o
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e
is
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0
0
V
d
ir
ec
tl
y
s
u
p
p
lied
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o
th
e
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m
o
t
o
r
d
r
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v
e,
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ich
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n
s
u
m
es
1
0
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s
in
u
s
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id
al
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cu
r
r
en
t.
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s
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ee
d
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n
ti
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o
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e
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ef
er
en
ce
s
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ee
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.
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h
e
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d
r
iv
e
s
tar
ts
with
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N
-
m
o
f
to
r
q
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e
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
eq
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en
t
ly
s
tab
ilizes
at
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N
-
m
o
f
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ated
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ag
n
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to
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M
d
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o
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o
r
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le
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ea
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r
ed
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y
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en
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r
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at
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n
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ec
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h
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g
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y
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tem
s
tab
ilit
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[
3
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]
.
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e
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ta
ir
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s
e
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e
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s
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e
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o
m
th
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ter
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ed
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ce
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ar
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n
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t
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d
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w
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e
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its
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e
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le
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el
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T
HD
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aly
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is
i
s
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6
.
3
6
%
[
3
7
]
.
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h
e
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tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t T
HD
an
al
y
s
is
is
0
.
2
8
%,
with
in
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E
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E
-
5
1
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9
9
2
lim
its
.
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n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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le
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el
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io
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e
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clam
p
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
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ter
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I
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th
e
in
p
u
t
DC
lin
k
v
o
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o
f
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0
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V
is
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iv
id
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
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p
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ito
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s
.
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o
n
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eq
u
en
t
ly
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e
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h
ase
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t
v
o
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e
is
n
o
t e
q
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al
t
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th
e
f
u
ll
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lin
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o
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b
u
t
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at
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er
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it,
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ep
en
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s
witch
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g
s
tate.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
i)
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h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
h
ase
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o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
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lev
el
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is
±
(
Vd
c/2
)
,
i.e
.
,
±
2
5
0
V
;
ii
)
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h
e
o
u
tp
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t
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
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h
ase
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o
lta
g
e,
n
o
t
t
h
e
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to
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o
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;
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d
iii
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h
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e
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to
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g
e
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ailab
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at
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ter
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atis
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ies
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ir
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MS
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t
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er
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n
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atin
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its
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d
th
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ap
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r
o
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ia
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r
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ir
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o
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ated
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p
er
atio
n
.
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h
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
an
d
to
r
q
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e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
ar
e
o
b
tain
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th
r
o
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g
h
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r
o
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er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
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v
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ter
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tp
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t
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r
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en
cy
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n
d
v
o
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g
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o
t
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y
e
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ce
ed
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g
th
e
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ated
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lin
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v
o
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e.
T
ab
le
2
.
Op
e
r
atin
g
p
a
r
am
eter
s
S.
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O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
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e
s
01
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n
p
u
t
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C
v
o
l
t
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g
e
V
i
n
-
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0
0
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02
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M
S
M
mo
t
o
r
d
r
i
v
e
R
a
t
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
5
0
0
V;
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
10
A;
R
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
:
5
KW
To
r
q
u
e
-
5
N
-
m
S
t
a
t
o
r
r
e
s
i
st
a
n
c
e
-
1
8
.
7
Ω
03
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
1
5
.
0
5
K
H
z
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
-
f
ed
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
v
ar
ied
s
p
ee
d
s
.
DC
ML
I
'
s
5
-
lev
el
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
5
0
0
V
,
an
d
th
e
PMSM
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e'
s
1
0
A
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
em
ain
s
co
n
s
tan
t
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
s
p
ee
d
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
o
r
ea
ch
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
PMSM
s
p
ee
d
is
a
d
ju
s
ted
with
tim
e:
2
0
0
0
r
p
m
at
t
-
0
s
ec
an
d
3
5
0
0
r
p
m
at
t
-
0
.
2
5
s
ec
.
T
h
e
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
s
tar
ts
with
9
N
-
m
o
f
t
o
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
s
tab
ilizes
at
5
N
-
m
o
f
r
ate
d
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e.
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
r
o
t
o
r
a
n
g
le
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
Hall
s
en
s
o
r
s
at
6
.
2
8
2
r
a
d
/s
ec
,
in
d
icatin
g
3
6
0
º
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
r
o
tatio
n
,
en
h
an
cin
g
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
s
tair
ca
s
e
5
-
lev
el
v
o
ltag
e
w
av
e
-
s
h
ap
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
DC
ML
I
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t
an
d
lo
w
-
r
an
g
e
f
ilter
in
g
cir
cu
its
,
th
e
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
ML
I
T
HD
an
aly
s
is
is
2
4
.
8
7
%
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
T
HD
an
aly
s
is
is
0
.
8
8
%,
with
in
I
E
E
E
-
5
1
9
/1
9
9
2
lim
its
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Mu
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier P
WM
tech
n
iq
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es to
a
s
s
ess
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f a
5
-
leve
l
…
(
K
.
La
ksh
mi
)
587
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(
f
)
(
g
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
ML
I
-
f
ed
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
tan
t sp
ee
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co
n
d
itio
n
:
(
a)
5
-
lev
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DC
ML
I
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
(
b
)
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
,
(
c)
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
(
d
)
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
,
(
e)
r
o
to
r
an
g
le
,
(
f
)
T
HD
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
5
-
l
ev
el
D
C
ML
I
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
(
g
)
T
HD
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
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w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
582
-
592
588
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
(f)
(
g
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
5
-
l
e
v
el
DC
ML
I
-
f
ed
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
(
a)
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
,
(
b
)
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
,
(
c
)
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
(
d
)
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
,
(
e)
r
o
t
o
r
an
g
le
,
(
f
)
T
HD
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
ML
I
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
a
n
d
(
g
)
T
HD
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Mu
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier P
WM
tech
n
iq
u
es to
a
s
s
ess
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f a
5
-
leve
l
…
(
K
.
La
ksh
mi
)
589
T
ab
le
3
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
T
HD
o
f
3
-
le
v
el
VSI
a
n
d
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
e
d
a
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
at
a
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
.
B
ec
au
s
e
q
u
asi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
wav
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
s
es
h
ig
h
-
r
an
g
e
f
ilter
in
g
u
n
its
,
3
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
is
6
7
.
1
3
%,
an
d
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
T
HD
is
0
.
5
1
%,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
e
ab
o
v
e
s
u
g
g
ested
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
tair
ca
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
-
s
h
ap
e
u
s
es
lo
w
-
r
a
n
g
e
f
ilter
in
g
u
n
its
,
th
e
5
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
is
2
6
.
3
6
%,
an
d
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
T
H
D
is
0
.
2
8
%,
wh
ich
is
lo
w
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
3
-
lev
el
VSI
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
T
ab
le
4
co
m
p
ar
es T
HD
o
f
3
-
lev
el
VSI
,
5
-
lev
el,
an
d
7
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies f
ed
a
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
at
ch
an
g
in
g
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
T
HD
o
f
th
e
3
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
is
6
7
.
6
1
%
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
tato
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t is 0
.
8
8
%,
wh
ich
is
h
ig
h
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
b
ec
au
s
e
q
u
asi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
wav
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
s
es
h
ig
h
-
r
an
g
e
f
ilter
in
g
u
n
its
.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
tair
ca
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
-
s
h
ap
e
u
s
es
lo
w
-
r
an
g
e
f
ilter
in
g
u
n
its
,
th
e
5
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
is
2
4
.
8
7
%,
an
d
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
T
HD
is
0
.
5
2
%,
wh
ich
is
lo
w
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
3
-
lev
el
VSI
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
Fig
u
r
es
1
1
an
d
1
2
s
h
o
w
a
g
r
a
p
h
ical
v
iew
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
ab
le
3
.
T
HD
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
3
-
l
e
v
el
VSI
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies f
ed
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
s
tan
t sp
ee
d
c
o
n
d
itio
n
TH
D
(
%)
Tr
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
3
-
l
e
v
e
l
V
S
I
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
5
-
l
e
v
e
l
D
C
M
LI
O
u
t
p
u
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
6
7
.
1
3
%
2
6
.
3
6
%
S
t
a
t
o
r
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
0
.
5
1
%
0
.
2
8
%
T
ab
le
4
.
A
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
3
-
l
e
v
el
VSI
an
d
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies f
o
r
f
e
d
PMSM
d
r
iv
e
s
o
p
er
atin
g
at
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
s
TH
D
(
%)
Tr
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
3
-
l
e
v
e
l
V
S
I
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
5
-
Le
v
e
l
D
C
M
LI
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
6
7
.
1
3
%
2
6
.
3
6
%
S
t
a
t
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
0
.
5
1
%
0
.
2
8
%
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Gr
ap
h
ical
v
iew
o
f
T
HD
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
to
p
o
lo
g
ies u
n
d
er
c
o
n
s
tan
t sp
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
Gr
ap
h
ical
v
iew
o
f
T
HD
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
to
p
o
lo
g
ies u
n
d
er
v
ar
ia
b
le
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
a
5
-
lev
el
d
i
o
d
e
-
clam
p
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
e
r
ter
(
DC
ML
I
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
(
P
MSM
)
d
r
iv
es
in
wate
r
-
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
ir
r
ig
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
with
an
in
ter
m
ed
iar
y
VSI
in
ter
f
ac
e.
Un
lik
e
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
3
-
lev
el
VSI
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
q
u
asi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
at
th
e
PMSM
ter
m
in
als
an
d
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
L
C
f
ilter
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
h
ig
h
s
witch
in
g
l
o
s
s
es,
lo
w
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
v
/
d
t
s
tr
ess
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
-
lev
el
DC
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
cr
ea
tes a
s
tair
ca
s
e
-
s
h
ap
ed
wav
ef
o
r
m
with
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
an
aly
s
is
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
tan
t
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
ev
ea
ls
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
.
Un
d
er
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
T
HD
i
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
6
7
.
1
3
%
with
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
3
-
lev
el
VSI
to
2
6
.
3
6
%
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
-
l
ev
el
DC
ML
I
,
wh
ile
th
e
T
HD
in
th
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
1
%
to
0
.
2
8
%.
T
h
ese
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ate
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
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8
8
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I
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t J Po
w
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&
Dr
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t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
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1
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Ma
r
c
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20
2
6
:
582
-
592
590
Simu
latio
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lev
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s
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tech
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e,
o
f
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er
s
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b
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e
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ar
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itectu
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K.
B
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C
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Au
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t
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DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
av
ailab
ilit
y
d
o
es n
o
t a
p
p
l
y
to
th
is
p
ap
e
r
as n
o
n
ew
d
ata
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
o
r
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
Jo
v
c
i
c
,
“
S
e
r
i
e
s
LC
D
C
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