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p
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.
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Intellig
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Adna
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Sep
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ev
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Acc
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Feb
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Th
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f
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l
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s h
a
s
in
c
re
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p
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c
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d
th
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d
e
v
e
l
o
p
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t
o
f
in
d
u
stries
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
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se
,
th
e
m
o
st
v
a
l
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a
b
le
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lea
n
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d
s
u
sta
in
a
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lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
is
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
,
i.
e
.
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
(P
V)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
H
o
we
v
e
r,
t
h
e
k
e
y
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
is
re
p
r
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se
n
ted
b
y
m
a
x
imiz
in
g
t
h
e
P
V
sy
ste
m
s'
e
ffic
ien
c
y
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
n
I
o
T
-
e
n
a
b
led
sin
g
le
-
a
x
is
s
o
lar
trac
k
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
fo
r
imp
ro
v
in
g
P
V
b
y
c
o
n
sta
n
tl
y
a
li
g
n
i
n
g
so
lar
p
a
n
e
ls
with
t
h
e
traje
c
to
r
y
o
f
th
e
su
n
.
To
a
c
h
iev
e
t
h
a
t,
a
n
Ard
u
i
n
o
m
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
is
in
teg
ra
ted
wit
h
li
g
h
t
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
re
sisto
rs
(LDRs).
LRDs
p
e
rfo
rm
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
so
lar
irrad
ian
c
e
in
o
rd
e
r
to
a
d
j
u
st
a
lo
n
g
with
th
e
a
z
imu
th
a
x
is.
Ba
se
d
o
n
th
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
su
l
ts,
t
h
e
I
o
T
-
e
n
a
b
led
sin
g
le
-
a
x
is
so
lar
trac
k
in
g
sy
ste
m
imp
ro
v
e
s
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
r
v
e
stin
g
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
rin
g
wit
h
fix
e
d
-
ti
l
t
P
V
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
sy
ste
m
o
u
t
p
e
rfo
rm
s
t
h
e
fi
x
e
d
-
t
il
t
P
V
b
y
2
2
.
5
%
in
d
a
i
ly
e
n
e
rg
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iel
d
a
n
d
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
p
o
we
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
.
F
u
rt
h
e
rm
o
re
,
trac
k
in
g
e
fficie
n
c
y
is b
e
tt
e
r
t
h
a
n
fi
x
e
d
-
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il
t
P
V b
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n
d
trac
k
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n
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r
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7
%
.
K
ey
w
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r
d
s
:
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
L
R
D
s
en
s
o
r
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
a
n
el
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
So
lar
tr
ac
k
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T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ad
n
an
M.
Al
-
Sm
ad
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Hijjawi
Facu
lty
f
o
r
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
T
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h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
I
r
b
id
,
J
o
r
d
an
E
m
ail:
s
m
ad
i9
8
@
y
ah
o
o
.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
n
er
g
y
is
v
ital
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
g
r
o
wth
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
n
atio
n
s
’
liv
es.
An
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
with
ex
p
ec
ted
in
c
r
ea
s
es
in
d
u
r
atio
n
an
d
in
ten
s
i
ty
o
f
ex
tr
em
e
wea
th
er
,
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
g
lo
b
al
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
was
3
0
6
4
GW
in
2
0
2
1
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
4
4
4
8
GW
in
2
0
2
4
[
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
u
e
to
p
o
p
u
latio
n
g
r
o
wth
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ex
p
an
s
io
n
.
A
n
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
is
th
e
clim
ate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
c
h
an
g
e
a
n
d
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
r
is
e
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
h
is
d
em
an
d
ca
u
s
ed
th
e
wo
r
ld
to
f
ac
e
en
er
g
y
d
e
f
icien
cy
p
r
o
b
lem
s
led
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
o
th
er
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
ese
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
an
d
n
u
clea
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
So
lar
e
n
er
g
y
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
clea
n
est
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
s
u
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
wer
f
u
l
an
d
clea
n
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
av
ailab
le
to
h
u
m
an
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
llected
b
y
s
o
lar
p
an
els
o
f
ten
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
eir
p
o
s
itio
n
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
s
u
n
.
Static
(
o
r
f
ix
ed
)
s
o
lar
p
an
els
ca
n
n
o
t
a
d
ju
s
t
to
th
ese
c
h
an
g
e
s
,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
l
o
wer
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
p
o
wer
r
ec
eiv
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
n
i
s
ab
o
u
t
1
.
8
*
1
0
11
MW
[
4
]
.
So
lar
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
is
r
ap
id
ly
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
as
a
v
ital
m
ea
n
s
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
So
lar
PV
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
iv
e
r
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
wate
r
d
esalin
atio
n
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
o
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
PV
p
an
els
in
a
ch
an
g
in
g
cli
m
ate
r
em
ain
s
a
ch
allen
g
e.
A
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
is
a
g
o
o
d
alter
n
ativ
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
im
p
r
o
v
es
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
en
er
g
y
s
in
ce
it
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
s
u
n
'
s
m
o
v
em
en
t
,
wh
ich
k
ee
p
s
th
e
p
an
els alig
n
ed
f
o
r
m
ax
im
u
m
s
u
n
lig
h
t e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
tellig
en
t sin
g
le
-
a
xis s
o
la
r
tr
a
ck
in
g
s
ystem
fo
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
en
erg
y
h
a
r
ve
s
tin
g
…
(
A
d
n
a
n
M.
A
l
-
S
ma
d
i
)
721
So
lar
p
o
wer
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
of
clea
n
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
ested
by
th
e
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
i
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ch
an
g
es
in
cli
m
ate.
So
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
en
h
an
ce
d
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
eth
o
d
s
to
ex
t
r
ac
t
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
n
u
s
in
g
s
o
lar
p
an
els.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e:
f
ix
ed
(
s
tatic)
,
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
SAT)
,
an
d
d
u
al
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
DAT
)
m
eth
o
d
s
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
p
r
im
ar
y
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
s
o
lar
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
th
e
s
in
g
le
an
d
th
e
DAT
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sin
g
le
-
ax
is
f
o
llo
ws
t
h
e
s
u
n
b
y
r
o
tatin
g
al
o
n
g
o
n
e
ax
is
.
T
h
e
r
o
tatio
n
tak
es
p
lace
f
r
o
m
ea
s
t
to
west.
I
t
en
h
a
n
ce
s
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
y
k
ee
p
in
g
p
an
els
alwa
y
s
ali
g
n
ed
with
th
e
s
u
n
’
s
tr
ajec
to
r
y
.
T
h
e
DAT
s
y
s
tem
h
as
two
d
e
g
r
ee
s
o
f
m
o
v
em
e
n
t.
T
h
at
is
,
it
ca
n
m
o
v
e
al
o
n
g
two
a
x
es,
b
o
th
ea
s
t
-
west
an
d
n
o
r
th
-
s
o
u
th
;
th
is
en
ab
les
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
s
u
n
with
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
wh
o
le
d
ay
.
A
s
in
g
le
-
ax
is
tr
ac
k
er
h
as
a
n
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
0
%
o
v
er
t
h
e
f
ix
ed
-
tilt
(
s
tatic)
s
o
lar
p
an
el,
wh
ile
th
e
DAT
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
ef
f
icien
cy
b
y
a
b
o
u
t
3
6
%
[
7
]
.
Kar
ab
ib
er
an
d
Gü
n
eş
[
1
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
en
er
g
y
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
f
r
o
m
2
5
%
an
d
3
8
%
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
tatic
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
.
Var
io
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
eg
r
ad
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
u
ch
as
d
u
s
t,
d
ir
t,
s
h
ad
o
ws,
a
n
d
b
ir
d
d
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
s
[
1
4
]
.
A
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
r
ev
iew
o
f
SA
T
s
y
s
tem
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
a
x
is
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
els
b
y
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
ly
r
eg
u
latin
g
t
h
eir
an
g
le
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
n
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
b
est
p
o
s
s
ib
le
alig
n
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
th
e
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
s
th
e
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
am
o
u
n
t o
f
lig
h
t a
n
d
allo
w
to
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els in
az
im
u
th
an
d
elev
atio
n
a
x
es d
ir
ec
t
io
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
I
o
T
-
ena
bled s
ing
le
-
a
x
is
t
ra
ck
ing
(
SAT
)
s
y
s
t
em
o
v
er
v
iew
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
th
e
I
o
T
-
e
n
ab
led
SAT
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
alig
n
th
e
PV
u
n
it
to
war
d
th
e
s
u
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ates
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
s
o
f
twar
e
co
n
tr
o
l
l
o
g
ic.
Har
d
wa
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
ac
tu
ato
r
s
,
an
d
a
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
So
f
twar
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
in
ter
p
r
ets
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
d
ata
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el’
s
az
i
m
u
th
al
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
Ma
x
im
izi
n
g
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
o
f
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
ex
p
l
o
itin
g
I
o
T
c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
to
en
ab
le
r
em
o
te
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
is
th
e
k
ey
o
b
jectiv
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
o
T
-
en
ab
led
s
in
g
le
-
a
x
is
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
o
v
e
r
v
iew
2
.
2
.
H
a
rdwa
re
d
esig
n
T
h
e
h
ar
d
war
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
o
T
-
e
n
ab
led
SAT
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
P
a
nel unit
PV
p
an
el
co
n
v
e
r
ts
lig
h
t
en
e
r
g
y
d
ir
ec
tly
in
to
elec
tr
icity
.
T
h
at
is
,
it
u
tili
ze
s
s
o
lar
ce
ll
ar
r
ay
s
to
g
en
er
ate
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
ce
lls
th
at
g
en
er
ate
DC
cu
r
r
en
t
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
to
AC
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
PV
ab
s
o
r
b
s
th
e
p
h
o
t
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
lig
h
t
a
n
d
r
elea
s
es
elec
tr
o
n
s
in
th
e
s
o
la
r
p
an
el.
Mo
s
t
PV
ce
lls
ar
e
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
t
o
th
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
lev
el
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
is
p
l
ay
s
a
s
o
lar
p
an
el.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Sens
ing
u
nit
T
h
is
u
n
it is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
t is a
p
h
o
to
r
esi
s
to
r
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
lig
h
t
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
an
L
D
R
s
en
s
o
r
d
im
in
is
h
es
as
th
e
lig
h
t
s
tr
en
g
th
in
cr
ea
s
es.
I
n
o
u
r
c
ase,
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
th
e
s
u
n
lig
h
t
.
A
g
e
n
er
al
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
'
s
r
esi
s
tan
ce
ag
ain
s
t lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
720
-
7
27
722
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
ty
p
ical
s
o
lar
p
an
el
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Gen
e
r
al
L
DR
s
en
s
o
r
r
esis
tan
ce
ag
ain
s
t lig
h
t in
ten
s
ity
2
.
2
.
3
.
Co
ntr
o
l
u
nit
T
h
is
u
n
it
is
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
.
I
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
e
L
DR
s
'
an
alo
g
s
ig
n
als.
I
t
h
as
d
ig
ital
/an
alo
g
I
/O
p
in
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
f
ac
ed
with
o
th
er
cir
cu
its
.
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ea
d
in
p
u
ts
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
m
a
k
e
o
u
t
p
u
ts
to
o
th
er
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
m
o
to
r
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
is
p
lay
s
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
2
.
2
.
4
.
Act
ua
t
io
n
u
nit
T
h
e
SG9
0
m
o
to
r
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
o
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el.
SG9
0
is
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
b
y
a
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
2
0
m
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
an
g
le
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
an
d
co
m
m
an
d
e
d
b
y
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
a
n
d
ca
n
r
o
tate
f
r
o
m
0
°
to
1
8
0
°
.
T
h
e
SG9
0
m
o
to
r
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
b
o
ar
d
[
2
4
]
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
SG9
0
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
p
in
o
u
t [
2
5
]
2
.
2
.
5
.
I
o
T
-
ba
s
ed
co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n
unit
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
is
u
n
it
i
s
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
f
u
lf
illed
b
y
an
E
SP
3
2
Wi
-
Fi
m
o
d
u
le
in
ter
f
ac
e,
w
h
ich
is
in
ter
f
ac
ed
with
Ar
d
u
in
o
.
T
h
is
in
ter
f
ac
e
tr
an
s
f
er
s
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
i.e
.
,
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
,
v
o
lta
g
e,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
n
g
le
o
f
th
e
p
an
el
,
to
t
h
e
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
u
s
in
g
th
e
MQ
T
T
p
r
o
to
co
l.
2
.
3
.
T
he
co
ntr
o
l lo
g
ic
a
nd
s
o
f
t
wa
re
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
A
r
d
u
in
o
I
DE
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
an
alo
g
v
o
ltag
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
1
an
d
2
.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
ar
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
Δ
V
ℎ
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
Δ
V
ℎ
is
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
c
e
b
etwe
en
∣
1
−
2
∣
.
I
f
∣
1
−
2
∣
v
alu
e
is
lar
g
er
t
h
an
Δ
V
ℎ
,
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
is
ac
tiv
ated
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
to
r
o
tate
th
e
PV
u
n
it
to
war
d
s
th
e
to
p
lig
h
tin
g
s
id
e.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
PV
r
em
ain
s
s
tab
le
wh
en
th
e
v
alu
es a
r
e
b
alan
ce
d
.
T
h
at
is
,
wh
en
th
e
v
alu
es a
r
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
eq
u
al.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
ac
co
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
6
9
4
I
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&
Dr
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,
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1
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1
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Ma
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:
720
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7
27
724
W
h
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e:
: th
e
p
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y
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h
e
tr
a
ck
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: th
e
ex
tr
em
e
p
o
wer
at
n
o
r
m
al
ir
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ian
ce
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Av
er
a
g
e
po
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utput
(
W)
Av
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ag
e
p
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u
tp
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t
(
W
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m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
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ea
s
ed
p
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ta
g
e
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th
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o
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tp
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t
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th
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elec
tr
ic
al
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er
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y
.
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t
m
ea
s
u
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th
e
ac
h
iev
em
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t
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
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p
ar
ed
with
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PV
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er
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am
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itio
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.
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d
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in
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s
u
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th
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tr
ac
k
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ter
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s
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r
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(
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=
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(
−
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tr
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ed
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e
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3.
2
.
3
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tr
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ac
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3
.
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ula
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2
,
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e
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eter
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u
s
ed
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ate
t
h
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p
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tem
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aily
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d
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h
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,
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e
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f
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,
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tr
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r
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.
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ly
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y
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tem
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d
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r
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ased
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h
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.
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d
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g
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k
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a
cc
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h
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e
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r
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Fig
u
r
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.
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ab
le
2.
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h
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p
ar
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s
u
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ed
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u
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.
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ased
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y
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tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
tellig
en
t sin
g
le
-
a
xis s
o
la
r
tr
a
ck
in
g
s
ystem
fo
r
en
h
a
n
ce
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en
erg
y
h
a
r
ve
s
tin
g
…
(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.