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SC
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[
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[
4
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r
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5
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6
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[
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s
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[
9
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,
an
d
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m
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f
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[
1
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.
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p
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s
[
1
1
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wo
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[
1
2
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m
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in
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[
1
3
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a
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f
f
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[
1
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,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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tr
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o
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d
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1
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ap
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eu
r
o
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f
u
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in
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y
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ANFI
S)
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1
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t
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f
u
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lo
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ic
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n
eu
r
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etwo
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am
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s
f
o
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h
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h
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r
ac
cu
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ac
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[
1
9
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C
u
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r
en
t
r
esear
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s
h
o
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itatio
n
s
in
s
ev
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s
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
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ies
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eg
lect
s
tr
ay
-
lo
ad
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
lo
s
s
es
[
1
7
]
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
ev
al
u
atio
n
co
m
p
leten
ess
[
2
0
]
.
Few
wo
r
k
s
co
m
b
in
e
F
E
M
with
f
u
zz
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g
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o
r
r
o
to
r
m
ater
ial
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
[
2
1
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,
[
2
2
]
.
M
o
s
t
f
u
zz
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ato
r
s
u
s
e
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atasets
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t
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s
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d
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m
al
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f
ec
ts
,
co
m
p
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o
m
is
in
g
r
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[
2
3
]
.
Ad
d
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ally
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[
2
4
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FEM
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FIS/ANFI
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f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
r
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m
o
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[
2
5
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T
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g
a
p
s
in
d
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f
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o
m
a
g
n
etic,
th
er
m
al,
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
asp
ec
ts
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
d
ev
el
o
p
s
an
in
teg
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
FEM
m
o
d
elin
g
with
FIS
an
d
ANFI
S
e
s
tim
ato
r
s
.
W
e
b
u
ilt
a
2
D
FEM
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
6
-
p
o
le,
1
2
5
0
W
SC
I
M
in
MA
T
L
AB
,
s
im
u
latin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
b
eh
av
io
r
,
s
tar
tu
p
tr
an
s
ien
ts
,
an
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
p
er
atio
n
at
7
5
°C
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
c
alcu
lated
to
r
q
u
e,
s
lip
,
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
cu
r
r
en
t,
l
o
s
s
es,
an
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
b
o
th
r
o
to
r
ty
p
es.
W
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
ev
alu
ated
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
ato
r
s
o
n
th
is
d
ataset,
with
Ma
m
d
an
i
FIS
s
h
o
win
g
u
n
d
er
2
.
1
%
er
r
o
r
an
d
ANFI
S
ac
h
iev
in
g
R
MSE
=
1
.
7
7
%.
Ou
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
clu
d
es
m
u
lti
-
s
ee
d
tr
ain
in
g
with
m
o
d
el
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
n
u
m
er
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
R
esu
lts
v
er
if
y
co
p
p
er
r
o
t
o
r
ad
v
an
tag
es:
1
1
.
0
%
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icien
cy
,
3
7
.
5
%
lo
wer
lo
s
s
es,
5
0
%
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
lip
,
an
d
5
.
9
%
h
ig
h
e
r
to
r
q
u
e
v
er
s
u
s
al
u
m
in
u
m
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
FEM
-
FIS/ANFI
S
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
eliab
le
ef
f
icien
cy
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
m
ater
ial
ass
ess
m
en
t f
o
r
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t m
o
t
o
r
d
esig
n
,
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
,
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
an
aly
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
First,
it i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
h
y
b
r
id
f
i
n
ite
-
elem
en
t
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
-
in
tellig
en
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
tr
an
s
ien
t
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
im
u
latio
n
with
b
o
th
Ma
m
d
an
i
-
ty
p
e
a
n
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
c
o
p
p
e
r
an
d
al
u
m
in
u
m
r
o
to
r
ca
g
es
u
n
d
er
id
en
tical
el
ec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
d
th
er
m
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
with
p
ar
ticu
lar
atten
tio
n
to
r
o
t
o
r
-
b
ar
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
lo
s
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
im
p
le
m
en
ts
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
lo
s
s
-
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
alig
n
ed
w
ith
I
E
C
6
0
0
3
4
-
2
-
1
,
ex
p
licitly
q
u
an
tify
in
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
an
d
s
tr
ay
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
aly
s
is
o
f
f
lu
x
-
d
en
s
ity
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
ato
r
s
is
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
e
r
tu
r
b
atio
n
an
al
y
s
is
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
p
r
ac
tical
o
p
er
atin
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
in
te
g
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
to
r
d
esig
n
er
s
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
er
s
with
a
v
alid
ated
to
o
l f
o
r
ef
f
icien
c
y
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
wo
r
k
ex
am
in
es
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
d
en
er
g
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
SC
I
M
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
co
p
p
er
an
d
alu
m
in
u
m
r
o
to
r
ca
g
es.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
co
m
b
in
es
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
o
d
elin
g
with
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
en
ce
m
eth
o
d
s
to
esti
m
ate
m
o
to
r
ef
f
icien
cy
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
at
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
er
ica
l
s
im
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
a
to
r
s
,
allo
win
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
d
ia
g
n
o
s
ti
c
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t m
o
to
r
d
esig
n
.
2
.
1
.
F
ini
t
e
ele
m
ent
mo
delin
g
o
f
mo
t
o
r
perf
o
rma
nce
A
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
tr
an
s
ien
t
FEM
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
6
-
p
o
le,
1
.
2
5
k
W
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
SC
I
M
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
u
s
in
g
th
e
A
–
φ
im
p
l
icit
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
.
A
6
0
° p
er
io
d
i
c
s
ec
to
r
with
e
x
p
licitly
d
e
f
in
e
d
m
ag
n
etic
v
ec
to
r
-
p
o
ten
tial
p
er
io
d
ic
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
(
E
1
–
E
5
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
was
u
s
ed
to
en
f
o
r
ce
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
y
m
m
etr
y
u
n
d
er
b
alan
ce
d
ex
citatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
at
es
at
5
0
0
V
(
lin
e
-
to
-
lin
e)
,
5
0
Hz,
d
elta
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
an
d
n
o
m
in
al
s
p
ee
d
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
9
0
r
p
m
at
7
5
°C
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t w
ith
th
e
s
lip
v
alu
es r
ep
o
r
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
3
6
s
lo
ts
an
d
th
e
r
o
t
o
r
4
4
b
a
r
s
,
with
an
air
-
g
ap
o
f
0
.
5
5
m
m
an
d
an
ac
tiv
e
s
tack
len
g
th
o
f
1
4
0
m
m
.
L
am
in
atio
n
s
ar
e
M1
9
elec
tr
ical
s
teel
with
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
3
5
m
m
.
R
o
to
r
b
a
r
s
an
d
e
n
d
-
r
in
g
s
(
C
u
o
r
Al)
wer
e
s
im
u
lat
ed
u
n
d
er
id
e
n
tical
elec
tr
ical
a
n
d
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
is
o
late
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
o
f
elec
tr
ica
l r
esis
tiv
ity
was m
o
d
eled
as:
(
)
=
75
∘
C
[
1
+
(
−
75
∘
C
)
]
(
1
)
wit
h
α
(
C
u
)
=
0
.
0
0
3
9
K⁻
¹
a
n
d
α
(
Al
)
=
0
.
0
0
4
1
K
⁻¹
.
Ma
g
n
et
i
c
s
at
u
r
ati
o
n
w
as
r
ep
r
es
e
n
te
d
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
B
–
H
c
u
r
v
e
o
f
M
1
9
s
t
ee
l
.
E
n
d
r
i
n
g
s
we
r
e
n
o
t
m
es
h
ed
e
x
p
lic
itl
y
i
n
2
D
;
in
s
te
ad
,
a
n
eq
u
i
v
a
le
n
t
e
n
d
-
r
i
n
g
r
esis
ta
n
c
e
was
i
n
c
lu
d
ed
i
n
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
ci
r
c
u
i
t
f
o
ll
o
wi
n
g
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
2
D
i
n
d
u
cti
o
n
-
m
o
t
o
r
m
o
d
eli
n
g
p
r
a
cti
ce
[
13
]
.
T
h
e
ex
ter
n
al
FEM
d
o
m
ai
n
ex
ten
d
ed
to
f
iv
e
tim
es
th
e
s
tato
r
o
u
ter
r
ad
iu
s
,
with
Neu
m
a
n
n
m
ag
n
etic
-
in
s
u
latio
n
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
ap
p
lie
d
at
th
e
ex
ter
io
r
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
s
im
u
latio
n
s
co
v
er
ed
b
o
th
s
tar
t
-
u
p
(
0
–
0
.
5
s
,
Δ
t
=
0
.
2
m
s
)
an
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
p
e
r
atio
n
(
o
n
e
elec
tr
ical
p
er
io
d
,
2
0
m
s
,
1
0
0
s
tep
s
)
.
Me
s
h
-
r
e
f
in
e
m
en
t
an
d
tim
e
-
s
tep
s
tu
d
ies co
n
f
ir
m
ed
v
ar
iatio
n
s
b
elo
w
1
% f
o
r
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
to
tal
l
o
s
s
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
n
u
m
e
r
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
fficien
cy
o
f sq
u
ir
r
el
-
ca
g
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
w
ith
co
p
p
er a
n
d
a
lu
min
u
m
r
o
to
r
s
(
I
n
es B
u
l
a
B
u
n
ja
ku
)
225
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
ic
t
o
r
q
u
e
w
as
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
M
a
x
w
e
l
l
s
t
r
ess
t
e
n
s
o
r
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
al
o
n
g
t
h
e
a
i
r
-
g
a
p
[2
7
]
:
=
∫
2
0
(
)
(
)
(
2
)
wh
er
e
r
is
th
e
air
-
g
ap
i
n
teg
r
ati
o
n
r
ad
i
u
s
,
an
d
l
is
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ax
ial
len
g
th
.
Me
ch
an
ical
p
o
wer
was
ca
lcu
lated
as
(
3
)
.
=
.
(
3
)
E
f
f
icien
cy
f
o
llo
wed
I
E
C
6
0
0
3
4
-
2
-
1
[
1
4
]
:
η
=
P
o
u
t
P
in
(
4
)
T
h
e
lo
s
s
b
alan
ce
in
clu
d
ed
s
tato
r
-
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
es
,
,
r
o
to
r
-
co
p
p
er
lo
s
s
es
,
,
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
,
m
ec
h
an
ical
lo
s
s
es
ℎ
,
an
d
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
h
ar
m
o
n
ic/s
tr
ay
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es
.
C
o
r
e
lo
s
s
e
s
wer
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
d
ed
B
er
to
tti
m
o
d
el
(
h
y
s
ter
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,
class
ical,
ex
ce
s
s
)
b
ased
o
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M1
9
m
ater
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d
ata
[
1
5
]
.
Ha
r
m
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n
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d
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lo
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o
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ity
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m
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m
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t
s
p
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ar
m
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5
th
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th
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1
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wer
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in
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ity
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.
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ch
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p
ee
d
-
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en
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in
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b
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s
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g
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n
t.
Stead
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s
tate
FEM
r
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e
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u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
C
o
p
p
er
r
o
to
r
ca
g
es
[
2
9
]
ac
h
i
ev
e
h
ig
h
er
t
o
r
q
u
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
[
29
]
lo
wer
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es
an
d
s
lip
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
al
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ased
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[
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h
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1
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[
1
2
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r
e
p
o
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ty
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l
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[
1
6
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o
b
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FE
M
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l
.
[
1
8
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f
o
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n
d
≤
1
0
%
t
o
r
q
u
e
d
e
v
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ti
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.
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d
Ab
d
el
k
r
i
m
[
7
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Mo
u
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o
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a
l
.
[
1
9
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,
an
d
C
h
u
an
g
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l
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[
1
7
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,
h
a
v
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ila
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h
y
b
r
i
d
FEM
–
AI
f
r
a
m
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wo
r
k
s
[
2
0
]
,
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ci
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
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l
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ic
al
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g
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m
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t
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n
d
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n
s
u
r
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n
g
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
F
E
M
r
es
u
lts
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o
r
m
a
v
ali
d
at
e
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n
u
m
e
r
ic
al
r
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f
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e
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f
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r
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f
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m
a
to
r
s
d
is
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u
s
s
e
d
i
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io
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s
2
.
2
an
d
2
.
3
.
T
h
e
FEM
m
o
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el
was
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ag
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s
t
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ed
e
x
p
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im
e
n
tal
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
f
o
r
SC
I
Ms
w
ith
s
im
ilar
r
atin
g
s
.
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h
e
p
r
ed
icted
to
r
q
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e
(
±
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%),
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r
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s
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±
3
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d
r
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to
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l
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s
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is
tr
ib
u
tio
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(
±
1
0
%)
f
all
with
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u
n
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tain
ty
r
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g
es
r
ep
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te
d
b
y
B
u
cc
i
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
,
Xu
et
a
l
.
[1
6]
,
an
d
An
d
er
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ese
liter
atu
r
e
-
b
ased
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
en
s
u
r
e
b
aselin
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
lab
o
r
at
o
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
FEM
d
ataset
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
u
f
f
icie
n
tly
v
ali
d
ated
n
u
m
e
r
ical
r
ef
er
en
c
e
f
o
r
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
ato
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
is
n
o
t
u
s
ed
as
an
ex
p
licit
f
u
zz
y
in
p
u
t,
its
ef
f
ec
t
is
f
u
lly
em
b
ed
d
ed
with
in
th
e
FEM
-
d
er
iv
ed
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es
v
ia
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
esis
tiv
ity
m
o
d
el.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
r
o
to
r
-
lo
s
s
v
ar
iatio
n
ac
ts
as a
p
h
y
s
ically
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l p
r
o
x
y
f
o
r
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
in
th
e
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
ato
r
.
2
.
2
.
F
uzzy
infe
re
nce
s
y
s
t
em
f
o
r
ef
f
iciency
estima
t
io
n
A
Ma
m
d
an
i
-
ty
p
e
FIS
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
MA
T
L
AB
to
esti
m
ate
in
d
u
ctio
n
-
m
o
to
r
ef
f
icie
n
cy
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
alid
ated
FEM
d
ataset
f
r
o
m
Sectio
n
2
.
1
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
e
s
ig
n
em
p
h
asizes
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ci
b
le
v
ar
iab
le
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t
r
u
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
On
ly
two
in
p
u
t
v
a
r
iab
l
es
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
:
s
lip
(
s
)
an
d
r
o
to
r
-
ca
g
e
l
o
s
s
es
(
Pₗ)
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iab
les
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
,
r
esis
tiv
e,
an
d
th
er
m
al
ef
f
e
cts
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
.
All
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
-
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
r
esis
tiv
ity
,
s
k
in
-
ef
f
ec
t
v
ar
iatio
n
,
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
l
o
s
s
es,
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
t
ed
with
in
th
e
FEM
-
co
m
p
u
ted
r
o
to
r
-
lo
s
s
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
T
h
e
FEM
o
p
er
atin
g
r
eg
io
n
s
p
an
s
s
=
0
.
8
–
3
.
0
%
an
d
Pₗ
=
6
0
–
1
6
0
W
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
η
=
7
6
–
8
6
%.
E
ac
h
v
ar
ia
b
le
u
s
ed
t
h
r
ee
Gau
s
s
ian
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
L
o
w,
Me
d
iu
m
,
Hig
h
)
,
with
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
FEM
d
ata.
Gau
s
s
ian
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
eir
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
ter
-
r
e
g
io
n
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
in
f
e
r
en
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
em
p
lo
y
ed
m
in
i
m
u
m
ac
tiv
atio
n
[
1
2
]
,
m
a
x
im
u
m
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
[
21
]
,
an
d
ce
n
t
r
o
id
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
,
f
o
llo
win
g
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
o
to
r
-
ef
f
icien
cy
esti
m
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
R
esu
lts
s
ec
tio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
o
v
er
all,
FIS
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
.
T
h
e
r
u
le
b
ase
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
o
f
FEM
d
ata
p
o
in
ts
{s,
Pₗ,
η
}.
Sev
en
r
u
les
wer
e
m
ain
tain
ed
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
p
h
y
s
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
lip
an
d
lo
s
s
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
m
ap
p
in
g
η
(
s
,
Pₗ)
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
e
R
esu
lts
s
ec
tio
n
f
ig
u
r
es
.
Sli
p
an
d
r
o
to
r
-
ca
g
e
l
o
s
s
es
s
er
v
e
as
th
e
s
o
le
FIS
in
p
u
ts
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
in
h
er
en
tl
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic,
th
e
r
m
al,
an
d
r
esis
tiv
e
ef
f
icien
cy
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
is
im
p
licitly
in
clu
d
ed
v
ia
FEM
-
c
o
m
p
u
te
d
lo
s
s
es,
elim
in
atin
g
d
i
r
ec
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
in
i
m
izes
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
lex
ity
wh
il
e
r
etain
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
tato
r
co
p
p
e
r
an
d
co
r
e
-
lo
s
s
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
in
clu
d
e
d
,
th
eir
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
in
d
ir
ec
tly
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
r
o
to
r
-
lo
s
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
t th
r
o
u
g
h
el
ec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
c
o
u
p
lin
g
.
Fu
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
f
th
e
FEM
tr
ip
lets
{s,
Pₗ,
η
}
g
en
er
ated
th
e
s
ev
en
r
u
les.
C
lu
s
ter
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
lin
g
u
is
tic
m
ap
p
in
g
f
o
r
L
o
w,
Me
d
i
u
m
,
a
n
d
Hig
h
r
eg
io
n
s
.
R
u
le
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ts
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
u
s
in
g
weig
h
ted
a
v
er
ag
e
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
v
alu
es
with
in
ea
c
h
clu
s
ter
.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
Ma
m
d
an
i
FIS
r
u
le
b
ase.
Mo
d
el
v
alid
atio
n
y
ield
ed
t
h
ese
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
et
r
ics:
−
Ma
x
im
u
m
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
0
.
8
% a
t th
e
co
p
p
er
-
r
o
to
r
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
i
n
t (
s
=
1
.
1
%,
Pₗ
=
80
W
)
.
−
Ma
x
im
u
m
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
2
.
1
% a
t th
e
alu
m
in
u
m
-
r
o
to
r
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
(
s
=
2
.
2
%,
Pₗ
=
128
W
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
fficien
cy
o
f sq
u
ir
r
el
-
ca
g
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
mo
to
r
s
w
ith
co
p
p
er a
n
d
a
lu
min
u
m
r
o
to
r
s
(
I
n
es B
u
l
a
B
u
n
ja
ku
)
227
−
R
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
o
f
±
0
.
3
%
s
lip
an
d
±
1
5
W
lo
s
s
es
y
ield
ed
m
ax
i
m
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
s
b
elo
w
2
.
5
%.
−
T
h
e
m
ap
p
i
n
g
r
e
m
ain
ed
m
o
n
o
t
o
n
ic
with
r
esp
ec
t to
b
o
th
in
p
u
t
s
ac
r
o
s
s
all
test
ca
s
e
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
v
er
if
y
th
at
th
e
two
-
in
p
u
t
FIS
d
eliv
er
s
a
p
h
y
s
ically
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
FEM
ef
f
icien
cy
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
with
in
th
e
v
alid
ated
o
p
e
r
atin
g
r
an
g
e,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
esti
m
atio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Ma
m
d
an
i FI
S
r
u
le
b
a
s
e
(
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
clu
s
ter
in
g
)
R
u
l
e
S
l
i
p
R
o
t
o
r
l
o
ss
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
R1
Lo
w
Lo
w
H
i
g
h
R2
Lo
w
M
e
d
i
u
m
M
e
d
i
u
m
R3
Lo
w
H
i
g
h
M
e
d
i
u
m
R4
M
e
d
i
u
m
Lo
w
H
i
g
h
R5
M
e
d
i
u
m
M
e
d
i
u
m
M
e
d
i
u
m
R6
M
e
d
i
u
m
H
i
g
h
Lo
w
R7
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
Lo
w
2
.
3
.
Ada
ptiv
e
neuro
-
f
uzzy
i
nfe
re
nce
s
y
s
t
em
(
ANF
I
S)
f
o
r
ef
f
iciency
estim
a
t
i
o
n
An
Ad
ap
tiv
e
ANFI
S
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
to
e
n
h
an
ce
esti
m
atio
n
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
r
u
le
-
b
ased
Ma
m
d
a
n
i
FIS.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
th
e
s
am
e
two
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
les,
s
lip
(
s
)
an
d
r
o
to
r
ca
g
e
lo
s
s
es
(
Pₗ)
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
with
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
est
ab
lis
h
ed
ea
r
lier
.
E
f
f
icien
cy
(
η
,
%)
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
le
.
T
h
e
FEM
d
ataset
co
v
er
ed
s
=
0
.
8
–
3
.
0
%,
Pₗ
=
6
0
–
1
6
0
W
,
an
d
η
=
7
6
–
8
6
%,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
9
0
r
p
m
[3
1
]
.
A
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
Su
g
e
n
o
-
ty
p
e
ANFI
S
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[3
2
]
was
im
p
le
m
en
ted
with
th
r
ee
Gau
s
s
ian
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
p
er
in
p
u
t.
T
h
e
d
ata
was
s
p
lit
in
to
7
0
%
t
r
ain
in
g
an
d
3
0
%
v
alid
atio
n
s
ets.
Par
am
eter
o
p
tim
izatio
n
u
s
ed
a
h
y
b
r
id
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
m
b
in
in
g
least
-
s
q
u
ar
es
e
s
tim
atio
n
with
g
r
a
d
ien
t d
escen
t.
T
r
ain
in
g
in
clu
d
e
d
m
u
ltip
le
in
itializatio
n
s
ee
d
s
,
with
th
e
b
est m
o
d
el
s
elec
ted
b
as
ed
o
n
v
alid
atio
n
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
ANFI
S
m
o
d
el
ac
h
iev
ed
R
MSE
=
1
.
7
7
%
an
d
R
²
=
0
.
8
7
2
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
ev
iatio
n
r
ea
ch
ed
3
.
0
1
%,
ex
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
-
p
er
ce
n
t
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
Ma
m
d
an
i
FIS.
At
k
ey
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
ts
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
[3
3
]
:
−
F
o
r
th
e
co
p
p
er
r
o
to
r
(
s
=
1
.
1
%,
Pₗ =
8
0
W
)
: FE
M
η
=
8
5
.
1
%,
ANFI
S η
=
8
4
.
3
% →
er
r
o
r
−0
.
8
%.
−
F
o
r
th
e
alu
m
in
u
m
r
o
to
r
(
s
=
2
.
2
%,
Pₗ =
1
2
8
W
)
: FE
M
η
=
7
6
.
7
%,
ANFI
S η
=
7
8
.
8
%,
er
r
o
r
+2
.
1
%.
T
h
e
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
FEM
–
FIS
–
A
NFI
S r
esu
lts
at
n
o
m
in
al
9
9
0
r
p
m
ar
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
ized
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
FEM
–
FIS
–
ANFI
S e
f
f
icien
cy
r
esu
lts
at
n
o
m
in
al
9
9
0
r
p
m
S
l
i
p
(
%)
R
o
t
o
r
l
o
sses
(W)
F
EM
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
F
I
S
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
A
N
F
I
S
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
Δ(
F
I
S
–
F
EM
)
(
%)
Δ(
A
N
F
I
S
–
F
EM
)
(
%)
1
.
1
80
8
5
.
1
8
4
.
3
8
4
.
3
−
0
.
8
−
0
.
8
2
.
2
1
2
8
7
6
.
7
7
8
.
8
7
8
.
8
+
2
.
1
+
2
.
1
R
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
test
in
g
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
o
f
±
0
.
3
%
s
lip
an
d
±
1
5
W
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
s
tay
ed
b
elo
w
2
.
5
%
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
tab
le
n
u
m
er
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
s
h
o
wed
p
r
ac
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
with
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
8
m
s
in
f
e
r
en
ce
tim
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
5
0
K
B
m
em
o
r
y
u
s
ag
e,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
em
b
ed
d
ed
m
o
to
r
-
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
W
h
ile
th
e
ANFI
S
m
o
d
el
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
p
e
r
ce
n
t
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
its
±
2
–
3
%
esti
m
atio
n
r
a
n
g
e
m
ee
ts
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ef
f
icien
cy
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
d
itio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
p
r
ac
tical,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
esti
m
ato
r
th
at
s
u
p
p
le
m
en
ts
th
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
b
u
t
less
ad
ap
tiv
e
Ma
m
d
an
i
FIS
[3
4
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ev
alu
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
p
u
t
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
(
±
0
.
3
%
s
lip
,
±
1
5
W
lo
s
s
es
)
s
h
o
wed
ef
f
icien
cy
esti
m
ates
r
em
ain
in
g
with
in
ab
o
u
t
2
.
5
%
o
f
FEM
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
alig
n
in
g
with
s
tan
d
a
r
d
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
-
ty
p
e
v
alid
atio
n
f
o
r
s
m
all
n
u
m
e
r
ical
d
atasets
.
2
.
4
.
H
y
brid F
E
M
-
F
I
S
/ANF
I
S
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ated
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
co
m
b
in
es
f
in
ite
-
elem
e
n
t
s
im
u
lat
io
n
s
with
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
ato
r
s
to
d
eliv
er
a
n
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
in
d
u
cti
o
n
-
m
o
t
o
r
e
f
f
icien
cy
esti
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
FEM
m
o
d
e
l
f
r
o
m
Sectio
n
2
.
1
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
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r
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i
n
g
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
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ield
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e
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E
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o
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an
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r
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r
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6
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6
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s
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ted
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o
r
th
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n
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en
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i
ab
les
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r
ally
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o
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o
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ate
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e
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f
ec
ts
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
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g
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
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I
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t J Po
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&
Dr
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s
t
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Vo
l.
1
7
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No
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1
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Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
223
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2
37
228
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
esis
ti
v
ity
,
s
k
in
e
f
f
ec
t,
a
n
d
s
tr
ay
-
l
o
ad
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
alr
ea
d
y
in
cl
u
d
ed
i
n
th
e
FEM
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[3
4
]
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
d
ata
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
a
Ma
m
d
an
i
-
ty
p
e
FIS
was d
ev
elo
p
ed
as d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
ti
o
n
2
.
2
.
T
h
e
FIS
tak
es
s
lip
s
an
d
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es
Pₗ
as
in
p
u
ts
an
d
g
en
er
ates
e
f
f
icien
cy
η
u
s
in
g
Gau
s
s
ian
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
with
a
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
r
u
le
b
ase.
T
h
is
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
d
eliv
er
s
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
d
eter
m
in
is
tic,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
m
a
x
im
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
0
.
8
%
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
p
p
e
r
-
r
o
t
o
r
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
i
n
t
an
d
2
.
1
%
f
o
r
th
e
alu
m
in
u
m
-
r
o
to
r
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
i
n
t.
I
ts
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
d
esig
n
,
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
,
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
m
ak
e
it
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
em
b
e
d
d
ed
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
wh
e
r
e
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
b
eh
av
io
r
is
ess
en
tial
[3
5
]
.
T
o
ex
p
an
d
esti
m
atio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
y
s
ical
in
p
u
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
an
ANFI
S
esti
m
ato
r
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
2
.
3
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
m
o
d
el
u
s
es
a
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
Su
g
en
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
Gau
s
s
ian
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
lear
n
in
g
.
T
r
ain
in
g
o
n
th
e
FEM
d
ataset
y
ield
ed
a
r
o
o
t
-
m
ea
n
-
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
1
.
7
7
%,
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
3
.
0
1
%,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
o
in
twis
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
−0
.
8
%
(
co
p
p
er
r
o
to
r
)
an
d
+2
.
1
%
(
alu
m
in
u
m
r
o
to
r
)
.
W
h
ile
less
p
r
ec
is
e
th
an
th
e
r
u
le
-
b
ased
FIS
at
ce
r
tain
o
p
e
r
a
tin
g
p
o
i
n
ts
,
ANFI
S
o
f
f
er
s
s
m
o
o
th
er
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
m
a
p
p
in
g
an
d
b
etter
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
o
p
er
atin
g
r
a
n
g
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
s
u
r
f
ac
es a
n
d
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
p
lo
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
R
esu
lts
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
'
s
o
v
er
a
ll
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
p
p
ea
r
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
FEM
s
im
u
latio
n
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
tr
ip
lets
(
s
,
Pₗ,
η
₍
FEM
₎
)
,
wh
ich
p
a
r
am
eter
ize
an
d
v
alid
ate
th
e
FIS
an
d
tr
ai
n
a
n
d
test
th
e
ANFI
S
m
o
d
el
[3
6
]
.
Af
ter
tr
ain
in
g
,
b
o
th
esti
m
ato
r
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
with
o
u
t
th
e
FEM
s
o
lv
er
:
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
r
esti
m
ated
v
alu
e
s
o
f
s
lip
an
d
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
p
er
atio
n
f
ee
d
in
to
t
h
e
FIS
o
r
ANFI
S
m
o
d
u
les
to
o
b
tain
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
ef
f
icien
cy
esti
m
ates
η
₍
FIS₎
an
d
η
₍
ANFI
S₎
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
s
ep
ar
ates
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
in
ten
s
iv
e
FEM
s
im
u
latio
n
s
f
r
o
m
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
m
o
d
el
[
2
0
]
.
R
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
FEM
–
FIS/ANFI
S
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
wer
e
ass
es
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
es
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
2
.
2
an
d
2
.
3
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
-
f
u
n
ct
io
n
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
an
d
in
p
u
t
d
atasets
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
er
t
u
r
b
atio
n
s
o
f
±
0
.
3
%
s
lip
an
d
±
1
5
W
r
o
to
r
l
o
s
s
es.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
all
test
ed
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
,
b
o
t
h
esti
m
ato
r
s
p
r
eser
v
ed
m
o
n
o
t
o
n
ic
b
e
h
av
io
r
r
elativ
e
to
s
an
d
Pₗ.
T
h
e
FIS
s
tay
ed
with
in
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
8
–
2
.
1
%
d
ev
iatio
n
,
wh
ile
ANFI
S
r
em
ai
n
ed
b
elo
w
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
.
5
%,
v
er
if
y
in
g
s
tab
le
n
u
m
er
ical
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
p
r
ac
tical
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
FEM
–
FIS/ANFI
S
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
a
v
alid
ated
,
in
ter
p
r
et
ab
le,
an
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
cy
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
r
o
to
r
-
m
ater
ial
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
in
s
q
u
ir
r
el
-
ca
g
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
'
s
m
o
d
u
lar
d
esig
n
en
ab
l
es
s
elec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
b
ased
o
n
ap
p
licatio
n
n
ee
d
s
:
th
e
Ma
m
d
an
i
FIS
wo
r
k
s
b
etter
in
h
ig
h
-
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
s
itu
atio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
lo
w
esti
m
atio
n
er
r
o
r
,
wh
ile
th
e
ANFI
S m
o
d
el
f
its
ad
ap
tiv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
t
o
ler
ate
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
e
r
r
o
r
m
ar
g
i
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Hy
b
r
id
FEM
,
FIS,
a
n
d
ANFI
S
esti
m
atio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
2
.
5
.
Sens
it
iv
it
y
a
na
l
y
s
is
f
ra
m
ewo
rk
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
o
u
r
f
u
zz
y
esti
m
ato
r
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
p
ar
am
eter
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
an
d
m
o
d
elin
g
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
ar
am
et
er
s
(
s
lip
an
d
r
o
to
r
lo
s
s
es)
wer
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
p
e
r
tu
r
b
ed
b
ased
o
n
ty
p
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
b
o
th
esti
m
ato
r
s
m
ai
n
tain
er
r
o
r
s
b
elo
w
4
.
0
%
ev
en
u
n
d
er
wo
r
s
t
-
ca
s
e
co
m
b
in
ed
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
eir
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
in
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I
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2
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8
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4
I
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Dr
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I
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atin
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ig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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r
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h
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ally
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ically
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m
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s
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ess
is
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m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
les 6
an
d
7
.
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ab
le
6
p
r
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ts
th
e
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an
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d
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esti
m
ated
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icien
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at
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atin
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h
e
co
r
r
esp
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n
d
in
g
esti
m
atio
n
er
r
o
r
.
T
ab
le
7
p
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o
v
id
es
th
e
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en
s
itiv
ity
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aly
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is
o
f
th
e
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m
ato
r
u
n
d
er
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
in
p
u
t
p
er
t
u
r
b
atio
n
s
,
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ig
h
li
g
h
tin
g
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
d
ev
iatio
n
lev
els.
T
ab
le
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
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d
FEM
ef
f
icien
c
y
at
r
ep
r
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tativ
e
o
p
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atin
g
p
o
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ts
Te
st
p
o
i
n
t
S
l
i
p
(
%)
R
o
t
o
r
l
o
ss (W
)
F
EM
η
(
%)
F
I
S
η
(
%)
Er
r
o
r
(
%)
C
o
p
p
e
r
1
.
1
80
8
5
.
1
8
4
.
3
–
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.
8
A
l
u
m
i
n
u
m
2
.
2
1
2
8
7
6
.
7
7
8
.
8
+
2
.
1
T
ab
le
7
.
Sen
s
itiv
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a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
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u
n
d
er
in
p
u
t
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
S
l
i
p
p
e
r
t
u
r
b
a
t
i
o
n
(
%)
Lo
ss
p
e
r
t
u
r
b
a
t
i
o
n
(
W
)
F
EM
η
(
%)
F
I
S
η
(
%)
P
e
r
t
u
r
b
e
d
F
I
S
η
(
%)
M
a
x
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
%)
1
.
1
→
0
.
8
–
1
.
4
8
0
→
6
5
–
95
8
5
.
1
8
4
.
3
8
3
.
1
–
8
5
.
4
≤
2
.
1
2
.
2
→
1
.
9
–
2
.
5
1
2
8
→
1
1
3
–
143
7
6
.
7
7
8
.
8
7
7
.
2
–
8
0
.
3
≤
2
.
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.