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m
en
tally
f
r
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ly
n
atu
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[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Desp
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v
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tag
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p
h
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ltaic
(
PV)
s
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s
f
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two
m
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tech
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s
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ly
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ted
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to
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iatio
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s
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s
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o
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lin
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r
ch
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g
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-
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I
-
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ch
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is
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o
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o
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at
th
e
m
ax
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m
p
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in
t
(
MPP)
[
3
]
.
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ex
tr
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tio
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d
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ar
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alg
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v
er
all
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tem
ef
f
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[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
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o
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s
MPPT
tech
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th
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p
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tu
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b
an
d
o
b
s
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v
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eth
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d
is
wid
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s
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b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
im
p
licity
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
in
h
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tly
ca
u
s
es
s
tead
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s
tate
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cillatio
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ar
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d
th
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MPP
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m
ay
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ec
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I
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Dr
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Vo
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1
7
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No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
797
-
808
798
en
v
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n
m
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tal
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n
s
.
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6
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.
T
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co
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s
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tellig
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o
r
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m
s
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p
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T
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p
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o
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[
7
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[
9
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s
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izin
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en
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r
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y
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tr
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ted
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r
o
m
PV
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y
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tem
s
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h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
f
u
n
ctio
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o
f
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
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to
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tim
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o
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s
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er
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r
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th
e
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le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
P&
O
ca
u
s
es
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
MPP
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
p
o
o
r
ly
wh
en
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
o
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ch
an
g
es
r
ap
id
ly
,
lead
in
g
to
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
[1
0
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
,
in
tellig
en
t
MPPT
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
in
g
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
—
s
u
ch
as
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
ANN)
,
an
d
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
—
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
ese
AI
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
ett
er
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
an
d
tim
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icie
n
cy
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
P&
O
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
an
A
NN
-
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
with
a
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
DC
–
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
R
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
a
t
th
e
ANN
m
eth
o
d
o
f
f
er
s
f
aster
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
o
wer
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
a
n
th
e
P&
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
,
wh
ile
P&
O
r
em
ain
s
p
o
p
u
lar
f
o
r
its
s
im
p
licity
,
ANN
-
d
r
iv
en
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
clea
r
ad
v
an
tag
es
in
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
er
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
2.
P
V
SYST
E
M
M
O
D
E
L
2.
1.
So
la
r
ce
ll
m
o
del
T
h
e
PV
m
o
d
u
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
th
at
c
o
n
v
e
r
ts
s
u
n
lig
h
t
in
to
elec
tr
ical
e
n
er
g
y
.
E
s
s
en
tially
,
wh
en
a
PV
m
o
d
u
le
is
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
it
g
en
e
r
ates
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
with
o
u
t
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
n
o
is
e
o
r
ca
u
s
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
h
ar
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
b
eg
an
b
y
d
esig
n
in
g
a
5
0
W
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lta
ic
ar
r
ay
u
s
in
g
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
c
u
it
r
ep
r
esen
tati
o
n
o
f
PV
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
PV
ce
ll
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
wo
r
k
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
1
9
]
,
[
20
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ma
th
e
m
atica
l m
o
d
el
in
g
o
f
PV m
o
d
u
le
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
)
-
(
4
)
.
=
−
−
(
1
)
ℎ
=
(
ℎ
,
+
µ
∗
∆
)
(
2
)
=
0
[
(
+
∗
)
−
1
]
(
3
)
ℎ
=
+
∗
ℎ
(
4
)
B
y
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
,
a
n
d
(
4
)
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
eq
u
atio
n
,
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tic
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
lin
k
in
g
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
is
g
iv
en
as (
5
)
.
=
ℎ
−
0
[
(
+
∗
)
−
1
]
−
+
∗
ℎ
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
tu
d
y
o
f
n
eu
r
a
l c
o
n
tr
o
ller
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T in
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
w
ith
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
Ta
ye
b
B
o
u
s
s
a
b
e
u
r
)
799
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
el,
wh
ile
ℎ
is
th
e
lig
h
t
-
g
en
er
ate
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
th
at
v
ar
ies
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ally
with
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
.
I
d
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
also
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
d
ar
k
cu
r
r
en
t,
wh
ich
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
ℎ
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
s
ℎ
an
d
d
en
o
te
th
e
p
ar
allel
a
n
d
s
er
ies
r
esis
tan
ce
s
with
in
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
is
th
e
B
o
ltzm
an
n
co
n
s
tan
t,
q
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ch
ar
g
e,
an
d
in
d
icate
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
ter
m
in
al
s
.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
∆
is
ca
lcu
lated
as
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
ce
ll
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
T
c
m
in
u
s
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
c,
r
ef
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
Kelv
i
n
.
G
d
e
f
in
e
s
th
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
i
n
watts
p
er
s
q
u
ar
e
m
eter
with
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
G
ref
o
f
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²,
an
d
T
c,
r
ef
is
s
et
at
2
9
8
K.
,
=
298
K
,
is
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
an
d
ℎ
,
is
th
e
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
STC).
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
th
e
5
0
M
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le,
wh
o
s
e
elec
tr
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
at
ST
C
(
G
=
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²,
T
=
2
5
°C
)
ar
e
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
was
m
o
d
eled
in
MA
T
L
AB
Simu
lin
k
,
with
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
b
ased
o
n
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
1
)
to
(
5
)
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
PV
m
o
d
el
clo
s
ely
m
atch
es
t
h
e
P
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
5
0
M
(
3
6
)
m
o
d
u
le.
Fig
u
r
es
3
a
n
d
4
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
as
s
o
lar
i
r
r
ad
ia
n
ce
in
cr
ea
s
es,
b
o
th
p
o
wer
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
is
e.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
Fig
u
r
es
5
an
d
6
s
h
o
w
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
ce
ll
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
esu
lts
in
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
b
o
t
h
p
o
wer
an
d
v
o
ltag
e.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
lectr
ical
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
5
0
M
(
3
6
)
PV p
a
n
el
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
t
ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
V
m
p
p
1
7
.
9
8
V
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
t
ma
x
i
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
I
mp
p
2
.
7
8
A
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
P
m
a
x
5
0
W
S
h
o
r
t
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
I
sc
3
.
0
4
A
O
p
e
n
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
o
c
2
1
.
8
7
V
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Simu
lin
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
5
0
M
(
3
6
)
PV a
r
r
ay
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
r
r
ad
ia
n
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
PV u
n
d
e
r
test
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
r
r
ad
ia
n
ce
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
test
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
797
-
808
800
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
test
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
PV m
o
d
u
le
2
.
2
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
t
he
bo
o
s
t
c
o
nv
er
t
er
T
h
e
MPPT
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
p
lacin
g
a
DC
/DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
(
PV)
ar
r
ay
an
d
th
e
l
o
ad
.
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
tr
ac
k
s
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
i
n
t
(
MPP)
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
m
u
s
t
o
p
er
ate
with
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
th
at
p
o
in
t.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
ed
is
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
wh
ich
h
as
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
its
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
d
escr
ib
e
d
b
y
(
6
)
.
[
2
1
]
.
T
ab
le
2
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
o
f
PV.
=
1
−
(
6
)
T
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial e
q
u
atio
n
s
o
f
Kir
ch
h
o
f
f
’
s
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t la
ws ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as (
7
)
a
n
d
(
8
)
.
=
+
(
1
−
)
(
7
)
+
=
(
1
−
)
(
8
)
T
ab
le
2
.
Valu
es o
f
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
elem
en
ts
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
I
n
d
u
c
t
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T
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3
.
1
.
Cla
s
s
ica
l P
&O
a
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T
h
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P&
O
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y
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d
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e
to
its
s
im
p
licity
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d
lo
w
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m
p
u
tatio
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al
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
s
li
g
h
t
ad
ju
s
tm
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ts
to
th
e
PV
m
o
d
u
le’
s
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e
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atin
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v
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d
m
o
n
ito
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th
e
ef
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tp
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t
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I
f
a
ch
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cr
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s
ed
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h
e
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th
at
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ir
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tio
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if
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d
r
o
p
s
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
r
ev
er
s
es.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Dr
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s
t
I
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N:
2088
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8
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9
4
S
tu
d
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o
f
n
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r
a
l c
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mp
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r
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(
Mo
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B
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iter
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s
s
m
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e
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d
th
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w
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b
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o
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e
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O
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alize
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in
Fig
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r
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d
9
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P &
O
m
et
h
o
d
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
P&
O
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
3
.
2
.
Neura
l
net
wo
r
k
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ba
s
ed
M
P
P
T
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
is
em
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ed
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esti
m
ate
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tr
ac
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th
e
MPP
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o
r
a
5
0
W
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
a
y
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
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n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
PV
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tr
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
ANN
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b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
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id
es
a
s
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itab
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ativ
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o
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ate
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ain
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g
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ated
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s
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h
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ased
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im
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F
ig
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[
2
4
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3
.
2
.
1
.
Select
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net
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t
ru
ct
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T
h
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tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
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h
e
n
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r
al
n
e
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k
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eter
m
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es
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t
h
e
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p
u
t
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ig
n
als
ar
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p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
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g
e
n
er
ate
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n
tr
o
l
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tp
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I
n
th
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s
e,
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
r
ec
eiv
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th
r
ee
in
p
u
t
s
:
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e
PV
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
ltag
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an
d
p
o
wer
.
I
ts
o
u
tp
u
t
lay
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
s
in
g
le
v
alu
e
—
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
DC
–
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
t
er
.
T
o
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
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4
I
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Dr
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1
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y
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tem
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o
t
b
e
ac
c
u
r
ately
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o
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eled
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u
atio
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s
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e
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r
o
n
s
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th
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id
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en
lay
er
u
s
e
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tan
g
en
t
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ig
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id
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tiv
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n
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
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an
wh
i
le,
th
e
o
u
tp
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t
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ea
r
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tiv
atio
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f
u
n
ctio
n
to
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r
o
v
id
e
a
s
m
o
o
th
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
s
ig
n
al
[
2
5
]
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Co
llect
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da
t
a
Simu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
PV
ar
r
a
y
in
MA
T
L
AB
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m
u
lin
k
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
ac
r
o
s
s
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
was
d
o
n
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
o
p
tim
al
d
u
ty
cy
cle
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
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o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
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d
ata
s
et
co
n
s
is
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g
o
f
1
0
4
o
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er
ati
n
g
p
o
in
ts
lin
k
i
n
g
elec
tr
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
to
th
e
r
eq
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ir
ed
co
n
tr
o
l a
ctio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
T
ra
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t
he
net
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rk
Ou
t
o
f
th
e
to
tal
d
ataset,
9
4
s
am
p
les
wer
e
u
s
ed
t
o
tr
ain
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
.
Du
r
i
n
g
tr
ai
n
in
g
,
th
ese
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
p
air
s
allo
wed
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
lear
n
b
etwe
en
PV
o
p
er
atin
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
co
n
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itio
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ex
t
r
ac
tio
n
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
T
esting
t
he
net
wo
rk
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
h
ase,
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
1
0
s
am
p
les
wer
e
r
eser
v
ed
f
o
r
test
in
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
p
r
ed
ictio
n
er
r
o
r
was
th
en
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
was u
s
ed
to
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
ef
i
n
e
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
’
s
ac
cu
r
ac
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Neu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Fig
u
r
e
11.
Neu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
tr
ai
n
in
g
with
MA
T
L
AB
to
o
lb
o
x
Fig
u
r
e
12.
T
r
ain
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
cu
r
v
e
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
was
cr
ea
ted
a
n
d
test
ed
with
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
p
latf
o
r
m
(
r
ef
e
r
to
Fig
u
r
es
1
3
an
d
1
4
)
.
I
ts
d
esig
n
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
a
m
ath
em
atica
l
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
PV
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
tu
d
y
o
f
n
eu
r
a
l c
o
n
tr
o
ller
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T in
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
w
ith
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
Ta
ye
b
B
o
u
s
s
a
b
e
u
r
)
803
m
o
d
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le,
a
DC
–
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
an
d
a
n
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
an
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
PV
m
o
d
u
le’
s
b
e
h
av
io
r
was
s
im
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
el
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
Sectio
n
2
,
wh
ile
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
was
s
et
u
p
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
was
in
itially
tr
ain
ed
u
s
in
g
d
atasets
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
P
V
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
in
g
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
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o
in
t
(
MPP)
v
alu
es.
On
ce
th
e
tr
ain
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g
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r
o
ce
s
s
was
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m
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leted
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e
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e
ANN
m
o
d
el
was
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
with
in
Simu
lin
k
.
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r
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
lle
r
r
ec
eiv
es
r
ea
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-
tim
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in
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u
ts
o
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,
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as
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ts
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e
ANN
au
to
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atica
lly
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d
d
eter
m
in
es
th
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o
p
tim
al
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
r
eq
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ir
ed
t
o
d
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iv
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th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
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er
ter
t
o
war
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m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
P
&
O
MPPT
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
Simu
lin
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
n
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r
al
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
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PT
with
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
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er
ter
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ex
p
er
im
en
t
a
t
(
G
=
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0
0
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/m
²,
T
=
2
5
°C
)
,
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
5
–
1
7
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
t
h
e
P&
O
.
T
h
e
ANN
-
b
ased
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n
tr
o
ller
ex
h
ib
its
q
u
ick
er
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n
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er
g
en
ce
to
th
e
MPP
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
tr
ac
k
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
Qu
a
n
titativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
m
eth
o
d
ac
h
ie
v
es
a
tr
ac
k
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
9
9
.
2
%
,
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
th
e
9
7
.
6
%
o
b
tai
n
ed
with
P&
O.
I
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
797
-
808
804
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
is
s
h
o
r
ten
ed
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
8
s
to
0
.
0
4
s
,
wh
ile
p
o
wer
r
ip
p
le
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
35%
.
T
h
ese
o
u
tco
m
es
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
en
h
an
ce
d
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ANN
-
d
r
iv
en
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
d
er
n
o
m
in
al
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
test
in
g
u
n
d
er
id
en
tical
s
tan
d
ar
d
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
its
ab
ilit
y
to
s
u
s
tain
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
h
i
g
h
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
in
ter
v
als.
Ov
er
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
ANN
-
b
ased
s
tr
ateg
y
y
ield
e
d
g
r
ea
ter
h
a
r
v
ested
en
er
g
y
th
an
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
e,
i
n
d
icatin
g
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
ass
ess
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
a
d
d
itio
n
al
s
im
u
la
tio
n
s
wer
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
iab
le
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
lev
els
o
f
80
0
W
/m
²,
9
0
0
W
/m
²,
an
d
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
ig
u
r
es,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
ANN
co
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ad
ap
t
ef
f
ici
en
tly
to
v
ar
y
i
n
g
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
le
v
els
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
d
eliv
e
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
e
cise
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
’
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
was
test
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
in
ten
s
ities
(
8
0
0
W
/
m
²,
9
0
0
W
/m
²,
an
d
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²)
with
a
f
ix
e
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
2
5
°C
.
T
h
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
ad
ju
s
t
p
r
o
m
p
tly
to
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
in
s
o
lar
in
p
u
t,
m
ain
tain
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
ac
cu
r
ately
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
.
I
n
th
e
t
h
ir
d
test
ca
s
e,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
r
ap
id
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
o
n
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
ex
am
in
ed
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
a
G
=
1
0
0
0
W
/m
².
T
h
e
PV
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
was
v
ar
ied
b
etwe
en
2
5
°C
,
3
7
.
5
°C
,
an
d
5
0
°C
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
F
ig
u
r
es
18
-
23
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
ANN
-
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
eser
v
es
s
t
ab
le
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ac
h
iev
es
ac
cu
r
ate
MP
PT
d
esp
ite
th
er
m
al
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
Ou
tp
u
t r
esu
lts
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
C
u
r
r
en
t o
u
tp
u
t
u
n
d
er
ty
p
ical
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
u
s
in
g
ANN
an
d
P&
O
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
Vo
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t u
n
d
er
ty
p
ical
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
u
s
in
g
ANN
an
d
P&
O
Fig
u
r
e
1
8
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
a
co
n
s
tan
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
2
5
°C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
tu
d
y
o
f
n
eu
r
a
l c
o
n
tr
o
ller
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T in
co
mp
a
r
is
o
n
w
ith
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
Ta
ye
b
B
o
u
s
s
a
b
e
u
r
)
805
Fig
u
r
e
1
9
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
a
co
n
s
tan
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
2
5
°C
Fig
u
r
e
2
0
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
a
co
n
s
tan
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
2
5
°C
Fig
u
r
e
2
1
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
Fig
u
r
e
2
2
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
Fig
u
r
e
2
3
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
with
ANN
an
d
P&
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
797
-
808
806
Ov
er
all,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
ANN
-
d
r
iv
e
n
MPPT
s
tr
ateg
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
ap
ts
to
ch
an
g
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
P&
O
m
eth
o
d
with
th
e
n
eu
r
al
-
n
etwo
r
k
-
b
ased
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
ex
h
ib
its
f
aster
tr
an
s
ien
t
b
eh
av
io
r
,
en
h
a
n
ce
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
e
d
u
ce
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
s
cillatio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
in
r
ea
l p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
an
ar
tific
i
al
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
-
b
ased
MPP
T
tech
n
iq
u
e
aim
ed
at
en
h
an
ci
n
g
b
o
th
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
PV
m
o
d
u
le
was
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
in
g
le
-
d
i
o
d
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
r
ef
lects
th
e
elec
tr
ical
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
its
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it.
T
o
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
ANN
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
a
DC
–
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
was
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
th
e
PV
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
wa
s
an
aly
tically
d
etailed
to
d
ef
i
n
e
h
o
w
th
e
d
u
t
y
cy
cle,
lo
a
d
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
,
an
d
in
p
u
t
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
PV
ar
r
a
y
ar
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
s
etu
p
was
th
e
n
b
u
ilt
an
d
test
ed
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
R
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
ANN
-
b
a
s
ed
MPPT
m
eth
o
d
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
er
tu
r
b
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
(
P&
O)
te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
I
t a
ch
iev
es q
u
ick
e
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t,
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
s
tab
ilit
y
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
m
in
im
izes p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
ch
a
n
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Mo
h
am
ed
T
a
y
eb
B
o
u
s
s
ab
eu
r
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Djaa
f
ar
T
o
u
m
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Mo
u
r
ad
T
ia
r
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
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Ab
ir
B
o
u
ce
tta
✓
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✓
I
k
r
am
B
o
u
ce
tta
✓
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Ah
m
ed
I
b
r
ah
im
✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
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