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,
h
y
b
r
i
d
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
teg
r
atin
g
PV w
ith
d
iesel g
en
er
ato
r
s
an
d
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
en
er
g
y
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
en
ab
les
PV
to
s
er
v
e
as
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
d
u
r
in
g
d
a
y
tim
e,
wh
ile
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
an
d
g
r
id
co
m
p
lem
e
n
t
p
o
wer
n
ee
d
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
l
o
w
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
p
er
io
d
s
,
th
er
e
b
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
2
]
.
Sev
er
al
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
r
u
r
al
elec
tr
if
icatio
n
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
n
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
PV
–
d
iesel
–
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
co
ld
s
to
r
a
g
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
.
E
x
is
tin
g
wo
r
k
s
o
f
ten
em
p
h
asize
g
en
er
al
h
y
b
r
id
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
o
r
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
r
ef
r
ig
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
with
o
u
t
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
en
e
r
g
y
tar
if
f
s
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
its
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
PV
–
d
iesel
–
g
r
id
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
co
ld
s
to
r
a
g
e
f
a
cilities
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Un
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
ain
ly
o
n
tech
n
ical
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
an
aly
s
is
,
th
is
wo
r
k
in
teg
r
ates
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
e
v
alu
atio
n
,
co
s
t
–
b
en
e
f
it
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
lo
ca
l
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ac
tical
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
at
io
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
en
er
g
y
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
ld
ch
ai
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
q
u
an
titativ
e
a
n
d
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
to
an
a
ly
ze
th
e
tech
n
ical
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
asp
ec
ts
of
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
in
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
in
c
lu
d
es
s
ev
er
al
m
ain
s
tag
es,
n
am
ely
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
,
f
ield
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
tech
n
ic
al
an
aly
s
is
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
b
e
twee
n
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
3
an
d
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
b
eg
in
s
with
a
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
b
asic
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els
PV,
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
an
d
elec
tr
icity
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
(
PLN)
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
t
o
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
also
r
ev
iews
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
e
co
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
th
e
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
-
o
wn
ed
c
o
ld
s
to
r
a
g
es
in
B
ali.
T
h
is
lo
ca
tio
n
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
d
ep
e
n
d
e
n
ce
o
n
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
lies
f
r
o
m
th
e
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
,
w
h
ich
o
f
te
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
d
u
e
to
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
ab
u
n
d
an
t
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
p
o
ten
tia
l
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
,
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
o
th
e
r
r
eg
io
n
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Field
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
o
b
tain
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
,
s
u
ch
as
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
air
h
u
m
id
it
y
,
a
n
d
am
b
ie
n
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
s
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
a
n
d
wea
th
er
d
e
v
ices
in
s
talled
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
lo
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
was
co
llected
p
er
io
d
ically
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
elec
tr
icity
u
s
ag
e
p
atter
n
s
an
d
esti
m
ate
d
aily
p
o
wer
n
ee
d
s
as
a
b
asis
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
an
ef
f
icien
t
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
to
ass
es
s
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
tab
ly
an
d
e
f
f
icien
tly
.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
in
clu
d
es
th
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
b
y
PV
p
an
els,
g
en
er
ato
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
en
PV
s
u
p
p
ly
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t,
a
n
d
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
ly
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
co
n
d
u
ct
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
is
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
in
a
n
cial
b
en
ef
its
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
asp
ec
ts
an
aly
ze
d
in
clu
d
e
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
t
s
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
a
n
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
ts
,
an
d
s
av
in
g
s
in
elec
tr
icity
an
d
f
u
el
co
s
ts
.
R
etu
r
n
o
n
in
v
estme
n
t
(
R
OI
)
is
ca
lcu
lated
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
r
etu
r
n
o
n
in
v
estme
n
t
p
er
io
d
,
an
d
a
lo
n
g
-
t
er
m
p
r
o
f
it
a
n
aly
s
is
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ass
ess
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
th
en
ev
alu
ated
to
ass
es
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
c
o
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
ev
alu
atio
n
,
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ati
o
n
s
ar
e
m
a
d
e
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
as
a
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
e
n
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
674
-
6
82
676
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
H
y
brid
s
y
s
t
em
t
ec
hn
ica
l per
f
o
rm
a
nce
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
as
t
t
w
o
y
e
a
r
s
s
h
o
w
s
e
as
o
n
a
l
f
l
u
c
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
v
ai
l
ab
l
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
c
o
l
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
l
o
s
e
l
y
r
el
a
t
e
d
t
o
v
a
r
i
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
te
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
h
u
m
i
d
it
y
,
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
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ied
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d
s
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ee
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r
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th
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o
cc
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r
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g
i
n
Sep
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er
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2
3
.
Alth
o
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g
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o
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t
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e
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ai
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s
o
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ce
i
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is
s
y
s
tem
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d
ata
in
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icate
th
at
th
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p
o
t
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tial
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ely
s
m
all
to
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e
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tili
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d
s
ig
n
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ican
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th
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ca
tio
n
,
s
o
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
win
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tu
r
b
i
n
es
m
ay
b
e
less
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icien
t
th
an
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
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an
w
h
ile,
th
e
air
tem
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er
atu
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e
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e
d
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etwe
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.
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a
n
d
r
em
ain
ed
with
in
a
s
tab
le
r
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g
e
f
o
r
tr
o
p
ical
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e
g
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
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elativ
ely
h
ig
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
ac
tu
ally
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
ld
s
to
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ag
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co
o
lin
g
,
th
u
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
en
e
r
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y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
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h
e
av
er
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g
e
r
elativ
e
h
u
m
id
ity
is
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elativ
ely
h
ig
h
th
r
o
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g
h
o
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t
th
e
y
ea
r
,
o
f
te
n
ex
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d
in
g
8
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%,
with
a
p
ea
k
i
n
F
eb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
3
o
f
8
9
.
2
4
%,
an
d
th
e
lo
west
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e
in
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b
er
2
0
2
3
o
f
7
7
.
2
4
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Hig
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h
u
m
id
ity
co
n
tr
i
b
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tes
to
th
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g
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e
th
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h
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g
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ten
t
r
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ir
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ad
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itio
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o
r
co
n
d
en
s
atio
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a
n
d
in
ter
n
al
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
p
ac
e.
Fro
m
th
e
m
o
n
th
ly
en
er
g
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atter
n
s
s
ee
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
h
as
g
r
ea
t
p
o
ten
tial
to
s
u
p
p
ly
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
,
with
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
th
e
d
r
y
s
ea
s
o
n
(
Ma
r
ch
–
Octo
b
er
)
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
PV
ca
n
b
e
th
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
in
m
o
s
t
m
o
n
th
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
an
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
will p
la
y
a
g
r
ea
ter
r
o
le
in
m
o
n
th
s
with
lo
wer
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
(
s
u
ch
as
Dec
em
b
er
to
Feb
r
u
ar
y
)
.
T
h
is
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
ass
u
r
an
ce
an
d
g
u
ar
an
tee
o
f
n
o
-
lo
s
s
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
ly
f
o
r
c
o
l
d
s
to
r
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
,
wh
ile
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
cin
g
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
o
n
th
e
u
t
ilit
y
g
r
id
an
d
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
tech
n
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els
(
PV)
,
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
a
n
d
elec
tr
icity
f
r
o
m
th
e
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
e
x
ce
llen
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
o
f
co
l
d
s
to
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ag
e
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
a
y
,
PV
g
e
n
e
r
at
io
n
s
u
p
p
li
es
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
l
o
a
d
,
o
f
t
e
n
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
e
x
ce
s
s
e
n
er
g
y
t
h
at
c
an
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
b
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i
es
(
i
f
a
v
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ila
b
le
)
o
r
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
d
d
iti
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n
a
l
l
o
a
d
s
,
r
ef
lec
ti
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g
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h
e
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h
s
o
l
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r
r
a
d
i
ati
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n
d
ef
f
i
c
ien
c
y
at
t
h
e
r
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r
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h
l
o
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.
Po
we
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5
H
z,
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ct
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s
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it
ab
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o
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s
it
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q
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t.
A
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t
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b
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r
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0
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t
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s
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h
o
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th
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s
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s
te
m
co
o
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d
in
ates
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e
r
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w
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PV
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t
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e
d
em
an
d
w
h
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t
o
r
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g
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o
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n
p
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er
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a
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t
o
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ati
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t
r
i
b
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e
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er
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f
r
o
m
t
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r
e
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i
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t
e
r
r
u
p
te
d
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
PV e
n
er
g
y
in
co
ld
s
t
o
r
ag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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&
Dr
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Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hyb
r
id
r
en
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b
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fo
r
co
ld
ch
a
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in
I
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o
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:
tech
n
ica
l a
n
d
…
(
I
Ma
d
e
A
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itya
N
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677
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
also
in
ter
ac
ts
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f
e
ctiv
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with
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
.
N
et
m
eter
in
g
allo
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s
u
r
p
l
u
s
PV
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er
g
y
t
o
b
e
ex
p
o
r
te
d
to
th
e
g
r
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,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
cr
ed
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th
at
r
ed
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ce
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tr
icity
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ills
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d
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eliev
e
p
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k
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ad
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tr
ess
,
en
h
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th
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tem
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g
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ilit
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,
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r
em
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ar
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tr
icity
s
u
p
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ly
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th
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s
y
s
tem
,
d
aily
g
en
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atio
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r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
ap
p
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o
x
im
ately
2
8
3
.
4
6
t
o
4
2
4
.
4
9
k
W
h
,
d
ep
en
d
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g
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
Du
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g
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ea
k
s
o
lar
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n
t
h
s
,
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ld
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to
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p
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x
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ately
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h
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ay
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s
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r
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s
o
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0
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y
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at
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x
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te
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tili
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r
o
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g
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et
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g
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e
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ates
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0
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0
0
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W
h
o
f
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o
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ted
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Ass
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m
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tr
icity
tar
if
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o
f
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DR
1
,
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0
0
/k
W
h
,
th
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
m
o
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th
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e
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it
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r
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m
n
et
m
eter
in
g
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esti
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ated
at
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DR
2
.
2
5
–
4
.
5
m
illi
o
n
,
r
ed
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cin
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tr
icity
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ills
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d
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i
atin
g
p
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k
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a
d
s
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
.
W
h
en
PV g
en
er
atio
n
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
r
a
ws
f
r
o
m
th
e
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
,
wh
ic
h
s
u
p
p
lied
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
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%
o
f
to
tal
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er
g
y
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em
a
n
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
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atio
n
p
er
io
d
,
wh
ile
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
ates
as
a
b
ac
k
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p
,
ty
p
ically
at
78
–
8
0
%
lo
ad
to
en
s
u
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
T
h
is
co
o
r
d
in
ated
in
ter
ac
ti
o
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e
n
s
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r
es
u
n
i
n
ter
r
u
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ted
o
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atio
n
,
s
tab
le
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o
wer
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u
ality
,
an
d
o
p
tim
al
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
.
At
n
i
g
h
t,
wh
en
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is
u
n
av
ailab
le,
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
ates
at
an
av
er
a
g
e
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
7
8
.
5
1
%,
clo
s
e
to
its
o
p
tim
al
ef
f
icien
cy
r
an
g
e
(
7
0
–
8
0
%)
,
m
in
im
izin
g
f
u
el
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
ex
te
n
d
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
life
.
T
h
e
State
E
l
ec
tr
icity
C
o
m
p
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n
t
r
ib
u
te
s
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.
8
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%
o
f
to
tal
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er
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y
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as
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s
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p
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s
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r
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b
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ce
d
an
d
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lex
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le
s
u
p
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ly
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h
r
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g
h
o
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t
th
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o
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er
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io
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.
T
h
is
ex
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lan
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
g
r
a
p
h
ic
f
o
r
m
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
ed
1
0
0
%
u
p
tim
e,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
r
em
ain
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
te
d
,
wh
ich
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
an
d
s
af
ety
.
B
y
m
ax
im
izin
g
PV
u
tili
za
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
,
ef
f
i
cien
tly
d
is
p
atch
in
g
g
en
e
r
ato
r
an
d
g
r
id
s
u
p
p
ly
at
n
ig
h
t,
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
t
im
izes
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
r
e
d
u
ce
s
r
elian
ce
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
s
o
u
r
c
e,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es tec
h
n
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
c
o
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ilit
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
n
er
g
y
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
3
.
2
.
E
nerg
y
ef
f
iciency
a
nd
em
is
s
io
ns
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
th
at
co
m
b
i
n
es
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
(
PV)
an
d
d
i
esel
-
f
u
eled
g
en
er
ato
r
s
h
as
s
h
o
wn
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
e
d
u
cin
g
c
ar
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
in
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
f
ield
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els
as
th
e
m
ain
en
er
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y
s
o
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r
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d
u
r
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g
th
e
d
ay
ca
n
r
e
d
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ce
f
u
el
co
n
s
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m
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b
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u
p
to
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co
m
p
ar
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to
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n
v
en
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al
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
ely
en
tire
ly
o
n
g
en
er
ato
r
s
.
I
n
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
with
o
u
t
PV,
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
co
n
s
u
m
es
an
av
er
ag
e
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
3
0
0
liter
s
o
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iesel
p
er
m
o
n
th
,
w
h
ich
p
r
o
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ce
s
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
o
f
8
0
4
k
g
C
O₂
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
s
tan
d
a
r
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
f
a
cto
r
o
f
2
.
6
8
k
g
C
O₂
p
er
liter
o
f
d
iesel.
Ho
wev
er
,
with
PV
in
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
,
f
u
el
co
n
s
u
m
p
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is
r
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u
ce
d
to
ar
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d
1
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liter
s
p
er
m
o
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th
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wh
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ea
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s
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r
b
o
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em
is
s
io
n
s
d
r
o
p
to
3
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1
.
6
k
g
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O₂
p
er
m
o
n
th
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
ed
u
ce
s
C
O₂
em
is
s
io
n
s
b
y
4
8
2
.
4
k
g
p
er
m
o
n
th
o
r
ar
o
u
n
d
5
.
8
to
n
s
o
f
C
O₂
p
er
y
ea
r
.
T
h
is
em
is
s
io
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
cr
itical
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
d
ec
ar
b
o
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
a
n
d
cle
an
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
itio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ef
r
ig
er
ated
s
to
r
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s
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to
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.
I
n
ad
d
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to
en
v
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n
m
en
tal
b
en
ef
its
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
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y
s
tem
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
e
n
ef
its
.
W
ith
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
iesel
p
r
ices
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
I
DR
1
4
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wh
ile
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n
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h
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r
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tem
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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I
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&
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1
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it
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ly
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o
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n
d
I
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1
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6
8
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T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
er
e
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p
e
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t
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o
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n
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er
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r
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T
h
ese
s
av
in
g
s
d
o
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
less
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
u
s
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g
en
s
et
m
ain
ten
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ce
ar
e
a
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
lo
n
g
e
r
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
life
.
W
ith
PV
o
p
er
atin
g
o
p
tim
ally
d
u
r
in
g
d
a
y
tim
e
h
o
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r
s
an
d
th
e
g
en
s
et'
s
r
o
le
lim
ited
at
n
ig
h
t
o
r
wh
en
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
is
lo
w,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
n
o
t
o
n
ly
m
ai
n
tain
s
th
e
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
u
t
also
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
as
a
wh
o
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
PV
-
g
en
er
at
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
wo
r
th
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
in
g
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
co
l
d
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
in
co
astal
o
r
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
with
u
n
s
tab
le
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
h
ig
h
f
u
el
c
o
s
ts
.
3
.
3
.
E
co
no
m
ic
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
is
aim
s
t
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
in
an
cial
b
en
ef
i
ts
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els
(
PV)
,
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
an
d
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
elec
tr
icity
in
c
o
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ject,
th
e
in
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
t
(
C
APEX
)
i
s
n
o
t
b
o
r
n
e
b
y
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
was
b
u
ilt
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
g
r
a
n
t.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
et
u
r
n
o
n
in
v
estme
n
t
(
R
OI
)
an
al
y
s
is
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
c
o
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
(
OPEX
)
,
wh
ich
im
m
ed
iately
b
ec
o
m
e
a
n
et
b
en
ef
it.
T
h
e
m
ain
s
av
in
g
s
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
S
tate
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
ele
ctr
icity
an
d
g
en
er
ato
r
f
u
el,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
ce
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
PV
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
.
Dat
a
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
2
–
2
0
2
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
State
E
lectr
icity
C
o
m
p
an
y
elec
tr
icity
co
s
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
r
a
n
g
ed
f
r
o
m
I
DR
1
1
m
illi
o
n
to
I
DR
4
2
m
illi
o
n
/
m
o
n
th
,
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
a
n
d
lo
a
d
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Af
te
r
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
elec
tr
icity
co
s
ts
d
r
o
p
p
ed
b
y
m
o
r
e
th
an
5
0
%
in
m
o
n
th
s
with
h
ig
h
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
.
Gen
er
ato
r
f
u
el
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
also
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
b
y
6
0
%,
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
to
s
av
in
g
s
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
I
DR
2
.
5
m
illi
o
n
/
m
o
n
th
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
I
DR
3
0
m
illi
o
n
/
y
ea
r
.
T
o
tal
an
n
u
al
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
av
in
g
s
ar
e
e
s
tim
ated
to
ex
ce
ed
I
DR
1
0
0
m
illi
o
n
,
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
in
iti
al
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
ts
,
R
OI
is
ac
h
iev
ed
in
s
tan
tly
.
I
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
tly
f
in
an
ce
d
with
an
in
v
estme
n
t
o
f
I
DR
5
0
0
m
illi
o
n
,
t
h
e
p
ay
b
a
ck
is
esti
m
ated
in
5
y
ea
r
s
.
Af
ter
th
e
b
r
ea
k
-
ev
e
n
p
o
in
t
is
r
ea
ch
ed
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
n
et
b
e
n
ef
its
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
co
s
t
ef
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
r
esil
ien
ce
to
ele
ctr
icity
an
d
f
u
el
p
r
ice
f
lu
ctu
ati
o
n
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
also
in
cr
ea
s
es th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
v
alu
e
o
f
co
l
d
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
m
o
r
e
r
esis
tan
t
to
e
x
ter
n
al
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
in
v
estme
n
t
with
o
u
t
a
g
r
a
n
t,
a
n
an
aly
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
n
et
p
r
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a
n
d
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ter
n
al
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ate
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r
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DR
1
.
3
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d
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o
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tain
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h
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s
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alu
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s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
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is
f
in
an
cially
f
ea
s
ib
le
an
d
attr
ac
tiv
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t
o
in
v
esto
r
s
.
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er
all,
th
e
7
6
.
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k
W
p
PV
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y
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with
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ts
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le,
with
a
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ay
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ab
o
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t
4
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4
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r
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a
p
o
s
itiv
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d
h
i
g
h
NPV,
an
d
an
I
R
R
ab
o
v
e
th
e
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ea
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tan
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ar
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atter
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r
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d
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tin
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a
m
icr
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ig
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r
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n
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r
t
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h
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ce
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o
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illi
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illi
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ay
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i
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d
o
f
4
.
4
y
e
ar
s
,
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d
an
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o
f
I
DR
1
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3
b
illi
o
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
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g
im
m
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iate
R
OI
b
u
t
m
o
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er
ate
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n
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r
eliab
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.
Ad
d
i
n
g
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
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in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
in
v
estme
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to
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DR
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5
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m
illi
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b
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im
p
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o
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r
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lex
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d
en
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y
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ce
,
allo
win
g
th
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co
ld
s
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to
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o
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ex
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t
s
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n
lig
h
t
o
r
g
r
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p
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s
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T
h
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co
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f
ig
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d
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m
o
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tr
ates
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DR
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illi
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teg
r
ates
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ltip
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th
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u
r
ity
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ar
ea
s
with
f
r
eq
u
en
t
g
r
id
in
s
tab
ilit
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.
Desp
ite
a
lo
n
g
er
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
e
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io
d
(
6
–
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y
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r
s
)
,
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n
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al
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av
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s
r
ea
ch
I
DR
2
2
0
m
illi
o
n
with
an
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o
f
I
DR
1
.
6
b
illi
o
n
,
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
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id
es
im
p
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o
v
ed
o
p
e
r
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n
al
co
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tin
u
ity
.
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er
all,
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ile
th
e
PV
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y
s
tem
a
lo
n
e
o
f
f
er
s
im
m
ed
iate
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
,
th
e
b
atter
y
-
an
d
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
-
eq
u
ip
p
ed
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
r
esil
ien
cy
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
allo
ws
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
s
elec
t th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
lo
ca
l c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
an
d
in
v
estme
n
t c
ap
ac
ity
.
3
.
4
.
Sens
it
iv
it
y
a
nd
ris
k
On
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
i
n
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
is
a
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
to
u
n
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
ex
ter
n
al
v
ar
iab
les,
s
u
ch
as so
lar
p
o
wer
p
r
ices a
n
d
s
ta
te
elec
tr
icity
tar
if
f
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
is
s
y
s
tem
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
q
u
ality
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
ac
cu
r
ate
lo
ad
p
lan
n
in
g
,
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
tech
n
ical
o
p
er
at
o
r
tr
ai
n
in
g
,
all
o
f
wh
ic
h
m
in
im
ize
tech
n
ical
r
is
k
s
an
d
m
a
x
i
m
i
z
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
.
H
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
q
u
i
t
e
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
t
w
o
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
;
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
i
n
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
i
c
e
s
o
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
t
a
r
i
f
f
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
,
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
a
y
b
a
c
k
p
e
r
i
o
d
,
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
p
r
o
f
i
t
s
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
a
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
i
c
e
s
f
r
o
m
I
D
R
1
4
,
0
0
0
t
o
I
D
R
1
6
,
0
0
0
p
e
r
l
i
t
e
r
c
a
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
m
o
n
t
h
l
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
s
f
r
o
m
I
D
R
2
.
5
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
t
o
I
D
R
2
.
8
8
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
.
B
atter
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
im
p
r
o
v
es
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
co
n
ti
n
u
ity
a
n
d
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
.
B
atter
ies
s
to
r
e
ex
ce
s
s
P
V
e
n
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
f
o
r
u
s
e
at
n
ig
h
t,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
d
ep
e
n
d
e
n
ce
o
n
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
,
lo
wer
in
g
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
lo
ad
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
itial
in
v
estme
n
t
is
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
,
a
life
cy
cle
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
av
in
g
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
atter
y
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
an
d
tr
o
p
ical
h
u
m
id
ity
is
a
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
m
ain
tain
s
y
s
tem
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Hy
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
also
r
eq
u
ir
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
m
u
s
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
,
s
witch
in
g
lo
g
ic
m
u
s
t
p
r
io
r
i
tize
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
,
a
n
d
b
atter
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
alig
n
e
d
with
PV
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
ad
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
Simu
latio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
b
atter
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
tar
t
-
s
to
p
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
m
ain
tain
ed
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
o
wn
tim
e.
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
e
n
ab
led
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
iles
.
Mu
lti
-
s
ite
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
s
y
s
tem
b
en
ef
its
v
ar
y
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
l
o
ca
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
ar
ea
s
with
h
ig
h
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
u
n
s
tab
le
elec
tr
icity
g
r
id
s
,
b
atter
y
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
u
p
tim
e
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
o
n
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
in
ar
ea
s
with
s
tab
le
g
r
id
s
an
d
ea
s
y
f
u
el
s
u
p
p
ly
,
a
PV
-
d
iesel
g
r
id
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
u
lti
-
s
ite
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
a
b
led
o
p
tim
al
p
lan
n
in
g
o
f
PV
ca
p
a
city
,
b
atter
y
s
ize,
an
d
d
is
p
atc
h
s
tr
ateg
y
,
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
to
o
p
er
ate
ef
f
icien
tly
,
r
eliab
ly
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
.
3
.
5
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
ns
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
r
en
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
-
b
ased
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atin
g
PV,
g
en
er
ato
r
,
b
atter
y
,
an
d
g
r
i
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
p
r
esen
ts
a
h
ig
h
ly
r
elev
an
t
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tic
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
m
all
-
to
m
ed
i
u
m
-
s
ca
le
f
is
h
er
ies
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
its
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
en
ab
lin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
r
eli
ab
le
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
ev
en
in
ar
ea
s
with
u
n
s
tab
le
o
r
lim
ited
g
r
id
ac
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
e
s
ig
n
is
b
ased
o
n
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
p
r
o
f
iles
,
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
,
an
d
lo
ca
l
s
o
lar
p
o
ten
tial,
with
an
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
p
r
io
r
itizes
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
tab
ilit
y
.
E
co
n
o
m
ically
,
t
h
is
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
o
f
f
er
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ti
al
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
o
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
r
elian
ce
o
n
d
iesel
f
u
el
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
allo
win
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
lay
e
r
s
to
r
ein
v
est
t
h
ese
s
av
in
g
s
in
b
u
s
in
ess
ex
p
an
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
ely
,
th
e
PV
-
d
iesel
-
g
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
es
h
ig
h
u
p
tim
e
with
a
lo
wer
in
itial
ca
p
ital
in
v
estme
n
t
b
u
t
r
esu
lts
in
h
ig
h
er
o
p
er
atio
n
al
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
PV
-
b
atter
y
-
g
r
id
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
f
u
el
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
wh
ile
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
lex
ib
le
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e,
th
o
u
g
h
b
atter
y
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
v
er
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
ca
r
e
f
u
l
life
cy
cle
co
s
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
v
iab
ilit
y
.
Sy
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
eta
iled
in
v
er
ter
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
s
witch
in
g
lo
g
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d
lo
ad
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
im
u
latio
n
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
m
a
x
im
ize
PV
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
e/d
is
ch
ar
g
e
cy
cles,
an
d
b
ac
k
u
p
g
en
e
r
ato
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
R
eg
io
n
al
an
d
m
u
lti
-
s
ite
an
aly
s
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
674
-
6
82
680
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
a
n
d
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
ac
r
o
s
s
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
r
o
v
i
n
ce
s
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
m
a
p
p
in
g
,
g
r
i
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
d
ices,
an
d
l
o
ca
l lo
ad
p
r
o
f
iles
f
o
r
c
o
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Fro
m
a
p
o
licy
an
d
in
v
estme
n
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
wid
e
r
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
tar
g
et
ed
f
in
an
cial
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
PV
s
u
b
s
id
ies,
lo
w
-
in
ter
est
lo
an
s
,
an
d
p
u
b
lic
-
p
r
iv
ate
p
a
r
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
,
alig
n
e
d
with
I
n
d
o
n
esia’
s
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
itio
n
r
o
ad
m
ap
a
n
d
c
o
ld
ch
ai
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
als.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
m
ay
f
ac
e
b
ar
r
ier
s
s
u
ch
as
a
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
f
tr
ai
n
ed
t
ec
h
n
ician
s
,
lim
ited
f
in
an
cial
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
a
n
d
b
u
r
e
au
cr
atic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
th
at
ca
n
d
elay
o
r
c
o
m
p
licate
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
wo
r
k
f
o
r
c
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
p
er
m
itti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
p
o
licies
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ess
en
tial.
Fin
ally
,
te
ch
n
ical
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
o
p
er
ato
r
s
r
em
ain
s
cr
u
cial
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
e
g
u
lar
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
er
e
b
y
g
u
ar
an
te
ein
g
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
ia
b
ilit
y
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
co
m
b
in
in
g
s
o
lar
PV,
a
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
,
an
d
elec
tr
icity
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
is
a
f
ea
s
ib
le,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
ar
e
as
with
u
n
s
tab
le
elec
tr
icity
s
u
p
p
ly
.
T
ec
h
n
ically
,
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
co
ld
s
to
r
ag
e'
s
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
,
wh
ile
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
ates
ef
f
icien
tly
at
o
p
tim
al
lo
ad
at
n
ig
h
t,
an
d
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
d
itio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
a
n
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
p
tim
e.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
also
im
p
r
o
v
es
en
er
g
y
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ef
f
icien
cy
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
f
u
el
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
y
u
p
to
6
0
%
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
b
y
3
0
–
5
0
%
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
.
E
co
n
o
m
ically
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
o
f
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
ex
ce
ed
in
g
I
DR
1
0
0
m
illi
o
n
p
er
y
e
ar
,
with
a
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
.
4
y
ea
r
s
if
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
i
s
n
o
t
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
a
g
r
a
n
t,
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
NPV
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
e
I
R
R
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
l
o
n
g
-
te
r
m
p
r
o
f
itab
il
ity
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
m
itig
ate
tech
n
ical
r
is
k
s
s
u
ch
as b
atter
y
d
eg
r
ad
ati
o
n
an
d
v
a
r
iab
le
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
c
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
m
ay
f
ac
e
o
b
s
tacle
s
b
ey
o
n
d
tech
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
f
tr
ai
n
ed
t
ec
h
n
ician
s
,
lim
ited
f
in
an
cial
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
an
d
b
u
r
e
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cr
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[
1
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P
.
Y
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l
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3
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6
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M
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M
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Un
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rsity
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n
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g
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c
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ish
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ries
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tai
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ric
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lt
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rsity
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stit
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rtan
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o
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r
re
se
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sts
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rm
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ted
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s
,
m
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lar
b
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l
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g
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,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
fis
h
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ries
a
n
d
m
a
rin
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p
ro
c
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ss
in
g
.
S
h
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
a
h
a
ld
ik
a
c
e
sra
n
y
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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