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[
1
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-
[
3
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.
T
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m
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[
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-
[
6
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.
MPC
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7
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-
[
8
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
Dr
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I
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N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
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(
Du
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S
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.
Wa
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)
251
f
u
lly
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r
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s
im
u
ltan
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g
with
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th
e
MPC
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r
am
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k
[
9
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-
[
1
1
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.
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ase
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d
asp
ec
ts
o
f
life
,
in
clu
d
in
g
B
u
ild
in
g
E
n
er
g
y
Ma
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
wh
er
e
MPC
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
tr
o
l
,
h
e
atin
g
-
v
en
tilatio
n
an
d
air
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
(
HVAC),
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
an
d
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
ile
s
till
b
alan
cin
g
m
an
y
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
etin
g
d
e
m
an
d
s
f
o
r
co
m
f
o
r
t
v
s
d
em
an
d
[
1
2
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
MPC
in
m
o
b
ile
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
q
u
an
tifia
b
le
ef
f
icien
cies.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
elec
tr
ic
tr
ac
k
ed
b
u
lld
o
ze
r
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
6
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
u
el
ef
f
icien
cy
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
r
u
le
-
b
ased
s
tr
ateg
ies
with
litt
le
d
ev
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
e
ar
-
o
p
tim
al
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
3
]
.
Als
o
,
MPC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
a
r
is
k
-
awa
r
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ay
ah
ea
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
,
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
s
,
s
to
r
a
g
e,
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
lo
ad
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
f
o
r
is
lan
d
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
all
o
f
th
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
is
lan
d
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
an
d
allo
w
f
o
r
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
an
d
PV
-
c
u
r
tailm
en
t
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
d
y
n
am
ic
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
all
o
f
th
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
en
er
g
y
v
ec
to
r
s
o
f
elec
tr
ic,
h
ea
t,
an
d
wate
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
th
at
m
in
im
ize
th
e
to
ta
l
g
en
er
atio
n
co
s
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
wh
ile
m
an
ag
in
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
a
n
d
r
is
k
[
1
5
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
a
n
y
o
f
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
e
d
t
y
p
es
o
f
r
esear
ch
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
tar
g
eted
to
war
d
s
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
o
r
e
o
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ef
f
icien
cy
r
ath
e
r
th
an
r
esil
ien
cy
o
r
cr
itical
lo
a
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
in
is
lan
d
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
o
h
e
l
p
c
l
o
s
e
t
h
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
g
a
p
s
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
d
ev
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
n
e
w
M
PC
-
b
as
e
d
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
i
n
a
n
is
l
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
b
o
t
h
P
V
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
,
a
s
w
el
l
a
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
(
E
S
S
)
,
a
n
d
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
l
o
a
d
s
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
s
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
ll
y
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
b
o
t
h
P
V
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
E
S
S
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
r
e
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
u
t
o
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
e
d
m
o
v
i
n
g
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
(
A
R
I
MA
)
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
8
]
a
n
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
e
s
t
(
R
F
)
[
1
9
]
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
s
,
a
n
d
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
f
e
e
d
i
n
t
o
a
l
i
n
e
a
r
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
u
l
e
f
o
r
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
ie
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
al
l
o
ws
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
wa
y
s
o
f
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
t
r
at
e
g
i
es
(
e
.
g
.
,
u
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
,
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
a
ll
y
s
h
e
d
d
i
n
g
l
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
l
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
i
n
g
E
S
Ss
)
a
c
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
io
n
a
l
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
t
h
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
u
p
o
n
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
ti
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
R
E
S
a
n
d
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
r
e
l
i
a
b
il
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
s
ts
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
M
PC
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
t
o
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
al
D
C
/
DC
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
b
i
d
i
r
ec
t
i
o
n
a
l
DC
/A
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
f
a
c
i
l
it
a
t
e
s
t
a
b
l
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
a
r
r
a
y
s
,
E
SS
s
,
a
n
d
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
b
u
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
i
s
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
i
s
i
n
t
e
n
d
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
m
e
a
n
s
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
o
u
t
l
i
n
es
t
h
e
k
e
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
m
a
d
e
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
:
i
)
H
y
b
r
i
d
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
o
f
P
V
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
a
d
u
s
i
n
g
AR
I
MA
a
n
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
e
s
t
;
i
i
)
H
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
ca
l
l
o
a
d
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
at
io
n
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
;
i
ii
)
R
o
l
li
n
g
M
P
C
u
p
d
a
t
es
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
E
SS
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
t
i
m
e
-
of
-
u
s
e
p
r
i
ci
n
g
;
a
n
d
i
v
)
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
-
l
e
v
el
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
s
t
a
b
l
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
e
l
t
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
l
i
e
s
i
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
(
A
R
I
M
A+
R
F
)
w
i
t
h
r
o
l
l
in
g
-
h
o
r
i
z
o
n
M
PC
a
n
d
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
l
o
a
d
p
r
io
r
i
t
i
z
a
ti
o
n
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
s
t
r
e
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
o
a
d
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
i
s
as
f
o
l
l
o
ws
:
i
)
S
e
ct
i
o
n
2
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
es
h
o
w
w
e
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
P
V
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
E
S
Ss
,
a
n
d
l
o
a
d
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
a
ti
o
n
;
i
i
)
S
ec
t
i
o
n
3
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
t
u
p
a
n
d
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
r
e
s
u
l
ts
;
a
n
d
i
i
i
)
Fi
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
e
c
ti
o
n
4
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
o
u
t
li
n
e
s
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
ct
i
v
i
ti
e
s
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
D
E
L
I
NG
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
d
escript
io
n
T
h
e
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
e
x
a
m
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[
1
1
]
2
.
2
.
F
o
re
ca
s
t
ing
m
e
t
ho
do
lo
g
y
Acc
u
r
ate
f
o
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o
f
r
en
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le
en
er
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er
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d
d
em
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d
ar
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cr
itical
f
o
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ag
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en
t
o
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m
icr
o
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r
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d
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
(
esp
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wh
en
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p
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atin
g
in
is
lan
d
ed
m
o
d
e)
,
as
th
e
r
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y
o
f
th
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s
y
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tem
s
is
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ased
o
n
ac
cu
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ate
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r
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y
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s
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m
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ti
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n
th
is
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ased
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ea
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V
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m
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ated
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ated
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[
2
0
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,
[
2
1
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.
Hy
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tio
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ed
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Ad
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n
ally
,
th
e
co
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b
in
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o
f
AR
I
MA
an
d
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F
h
as
p
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to
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
Dr
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N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
elia
b
ilit
y
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
o
p
tima
l sch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
PV
-
b
a
s
ed
mic
r
o
g
r
id
s
u
s
in
g
d
etermin
is
tic
…
(
Du
n
ya
S
h
.
Wa
is
)
253
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
ac
cu
r
ate
f
o
r
th
e
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
MPC
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
,
ev
en
with
lim
ited
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
ese
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
m
ay
im
p
r
o
v
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f
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ec
ast
ac
cu
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ac
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n
d
e
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h
ig
h
ly
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co
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will b
e
in
co
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p
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r
ated
in
to
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F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
O
v
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l
l
a
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c
h
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t
e
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i
a
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t
y
-
c
o
n
s
tr
a
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n
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d
M
PC
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
P
V
-
b
a
s
e
d
m
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
s
2
.
2
.
1
.
ARIM
A
a
nd
m
o
v
ing
a
v
er
a
g
e
f
o
r
ba
s
eline
f
o
re
ca
s
t
i
ng
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
els
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
u
s
ed
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
n
o
n
-
s
tatio
n
ar
y
tim
e
s
er
ies
o
v
er
s
h
o
r
ter
h
o
r
izo
n
s
;
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
w
h
en
h
is
to
r
ic
al
d
ata
s
h
o
w
s
to
ch
asti
c
b
eh
av
io
r
in
tim
e
s
er
ies
[
1
6
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
AR
I
MA
will
s
er
v
e
as
a
b
aselin
e
m
o
d
el
to
d
escr
ib
e
h
o
w
PV
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
h
av
e
tem
p
o
r
al
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
AR
I
MA
(
,
,
)
m
o
d
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
1
)
.
=
1
−
1
+
⋯
+
−
+
1
−
1
+
⋯
+
−
+
,
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
tim
e
s
er
ies
v
alu
e
(
PV
p
o
we
r
o
r
lo
a
d
)
at
tim
e
,
ar
e
th
e
au
to
r
e
g
r
ess
iv
e
co
ef
f
i
cien
ts
,
ar
e
th
e
m
o
v
in
g
av
er
ag
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
an
d
is
th
e
er
r
o
r
ter
m
.
Mo
v
in
g
av
er
ag
e
(
MA
)
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
m
in
im
ize
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
n
o
is
e
an
d
er
r
atic
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
:
̂
=
1
∑
−
−
1
=
0
,
(
2)
T
h
e
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
win
d
o
w
s
ize
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
.
B
y
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
th
e
AR
I
MA
f
o
r
ec
asts
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tag
e,
a
s
ta
b
le
AR
I
MA
f
o
r
ec
ast
s
y
s
tem
i
s
cr
ea
ted
th
at
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
b
aselin
e
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els ca
n
b
u
ild
to
war
d
s
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t o
v
er
tim
e.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Adv
a
nced
f
o
re
ca
s
t
ing
wit
h
ra
nd
o
m
f
o
re
s
t
As
a
lin
ea
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
AR
I
MA
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
as
b
aselin
e
b
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
ities
p
r
esen
t
in
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
lo
ad
d
y
n
a
m
ics.
T
o
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
th
is
,
R
F
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
is
u
s
ed
as
an
en
s
em
b
le
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
R
F
m
o
d
el
cr
ea
tes
m
u
ltip
le
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
s
f
r
o
m
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
ed
s
am
p
les
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
atas
et
to
r
ed
u
ce
v
ar
ian
ce
an
d
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
b
y
av
er
a
g
in
g
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
f
r
o
m
all
d
ec
is
io
n
tr
ee
s
.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
et
f
o
r
th
e
R
F m
o
d
el
i
n
clu
d
es:
i)
T
em
p
o
r
al
f
ea
t
u
r
es: h
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
d
ay
,
d
ay
o
f
th
e
wee
k
,
s
ea
s
o
n
,
an
d
lag
g
e
d
PV/lo
ad
v
alu
es
ii)
W
ea
th
er
-
r
elate
d
f
ea
tu
r
es (
f
o
r
PV)
: ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
clo
u
d
co
v
er
,
a
n
d
h
u
m
id
ity
(
wh
en
av
ailab
le)
iii)
Sy
s
tem
s
tate
f
ea
tu
r
es (
f
o
r
lo
ad
)
: h
is
to
r
ical
d
em
an
d
lev
els,
d
e
m
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ev
en
ts
,
an
d
p
r
i
ce
s
ig
n
als
T
r
ain
in
g
d
ata
a
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
in
to
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
m
at
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
i
n
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
p
air
s
wh
er
e
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
v
ec
to
r
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
ab
o
v
e
attr
ib
u
tes,
an
d
t
h
e
tar
g
et
v
ar
iab
le
is
th
e
ac
tu
al
PV
g
en
er
atio
n
o
r
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
.
T
h
e
R
F
m
o
d
el
is
tr
ain
ed
u
s
in
g
h
is
to
r
ical
d
atasets
an
d
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
250
-
2
66
254
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
I
ts
n
o
n
lin
e
ar
lear
n
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
en
a
b
les
it
to
ca
p
t
u
r
e
c
o
m
p
lex
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cies
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
m
o
d
eled
b
y
AR
I
MA
o
r
MA
alo
n
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
atch
r
ea
lis
tic
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
,
a
y
ea
r
o
f
s
y
n
th
etic
PV
an
d
lo
ad
d
ata
was
g
en
er
ated
to
t
r
ain
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
d
atab
ase
was
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
p
lit
u
p
in
to
tr
ain
in
g
(
7
0
%),
v
alid
atio
n
(
1
5
%)
,
a
n
d
test
in
g
(
1
5
%)
s
u
b
s
ets.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
an
al
y
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
t
o
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
a
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
r
etain
th
e
b
est
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
.
T
h
e
AR
I
MA
an
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
m
o
d
els we
r
e
tu
n
e
d
u
s
in
g
g
r
id
s
ea
r
ch
to
s
elec
t th
e
p
,
d
,
q
v
alu
es a
n
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
to
tal
tr
ee
s
(
n
=
2
0
0
)
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
H
y
brid
f
o
re
ca
s
t
ing
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
T
o
ex
p
lo
it
th
e
co
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
b
o
th
class
ica
l
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
a
h
y
b
r
id
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
s
ch
em
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
.
T
h
e
AR
I
MA
+
M
A
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
m
o
o
th
e
d
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
ec
ast,
wh
ich
is
th
en
co
r
r
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
p
r
ed
icto
r
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
f
o
r
ec
ast is
d
ef
in
ed
as:
̂
Hybr
id
=
̂
AR
I
M
A+
M
A
+
RF
(
)
,
(
3
)
wh
er
e
̂
AR
I
M
A+
M
A
is
th
e
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
ec
ast
an
d
RF
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
ter
m
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
R
an
d
o
m
Fo
r
est
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
et
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AR
I
MA
with
R
F
tech
n
iq
u
es
allo
ws
u
s
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
an
ticip
ated
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
d
em
an
d
in
to
th
e
MPC
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
MPC
u
s
es
th
ese
p
r
o
jectio
n
s
to
r
a
n
k
lo
a
d
s
h
ier
ar
c
h
ically
f
o
r
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
u
s
in
g
p
en
alty
co
ef
f
icien
ts
in
t
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
lo
ad
ty
p
es
r
ec
eiv
e
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
t
ec
tio
n
th
an
lo
wer
p
r
io
r
ity
lo
a
d
ty
p
es
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
to
tal
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
co
s
t
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
im
p
r
o
v
es
f
o
r
ec
ast
ac
cu
r
ac
y
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
s
tatis
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
with
th
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
el
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
in
g
s
u
d
d
en
ch
an
g
es
in
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
o
r
s
to
ch
asti
c
lo
ad
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
well
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
AR
I
MA
alo
n
e.
2
.
3
.
M
icro
g
rid MPC
o
ptim
iza
t
io
n
2
.
3
.
1
.
M
P
C
f
ra
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
d
a
ily
a
nd
intr
a
-
da
y
s
cheduli
n
g
MPC
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
d
e
ter
m
in
es
o
p
tim
al
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
v
er
a
f
in
ite
p
r
ed
ictio
n
h
o
r
iz
o
n
wh
ile
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
u
p
d
ati
n
g
f
o
r
ec
asts
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
tate
s
[
2
6
]
-
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
two
-
lay
e
r
MPC
s
ch
em
e
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
:
i)
Day
-
ah
ea
d
MPC
:
d
esig
n
s
a
b
aselin
e
s
ch
ed
u
le
f
o
r
PV
g
en
e
r
atio
n
,
E
SS
,
an
d
lo
a
d
s
b
u
ilt
o
n
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
d
em
an
d
,
an
d
p
r
ice.
ii)
I
n
tr
a
-
d
a
y
(
r
o
llin
g
)
MPC
:
u
p
d
ates
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
le
iter
ativ
ely
(
ev
er
y
h
o
u
r
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le)
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
tr
en
d
in
g
an
d
co
r
r
ec
te
d
f
o
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
AR
I
MA
+
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
r
o
llin
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
also
en
ab
les
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
to
r
esp
o
n
d
q
u
ick
ly
to
ch
an
g
es
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
to
ch
asti
c
n
atu
r
e
o
f
g
en
e
r
atio
n
an
d
lo
ad
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
llin
g
MPC
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
teg
r
ated
with
lo
a
d
p
r
io
r
itiza
tio
n
,
s
h
o
win
g
h
o
w
in
tr
a
-
d
a
y
u
p
d
ates
an
d
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
lo
ad
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
Fo
r
m
ally
,
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
s
o
lv
ed
at
ea
ch
tim
e
s
tep
o
v
er
a
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
h
o
r
izo
n
,
wh
ile
o
n
ly
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
is
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
.
At
th
e
n
e
x
t
tim
e
s
tep
,
th
e
h
o
r
iz
o
n
is
s
h
if
ted
f
o
r
war
d
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
re
-
o
p
tim
ized
with
u
p
d
ated
f
o
r
ec
asts
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
ta
tes.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
s
eu
d
o
c
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MPC
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
2
.
3
.
2
.
Dec
is
io
n
v
a
ria
bles
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
o
d
el
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
with
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
d
e
cisi
o
n
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
g
o
v
er
n
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ch
a
r
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
o
wer
o
f
ea
ch
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
is
d
e
n
o
ted
as
ℎ
(
)
an
d
(
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
)
.
All
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
alo
n
g
with
th
eir
ex
p
ec
ted
p
ea
k
l
o
ad
,
will
h
av
e
th
eir
d
y
n
am
ic
u
s
e
m
o
d
eled
o
v
er
tim
e.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
to
r
ag
e
lo
ca
tio
n
will
b
e
lim
ited
b
y
an
d
s
o
th
at
th
e
b
atter
y
will
r
em
ain
o
p
er
atio
n
al
with
in
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
an
d
will
n
o
t
b
e
o
v
er
ch
ar
g
ed
o
r
o
v
er
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
.
L
o
ad
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
lo
ad
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
lo
a
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
d
u
r
in
g
s
h
o
r
tag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Dem
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
s
h
if
tin
g
lo
a
d
an
d
/o
r
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
will
b
e
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
in
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
DR
to
allo
w
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
t
o
o
p
er
ate
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
ly
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
all
o
f
th
ese
v
a
r
iab
les
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
b
asis
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
i
n
tellig
en
t sch
ed
u
lin
g
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
lo
ad
c
o
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
b
alan
ce
with
in
th
e
MP
C
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
3
.
3
.
O
bje
ct
iv
e
f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
e
MPC
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
to
tal
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
i
g
h
r
eliab
i
lity
f
o
r
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
teg
r
ates sev
er
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
elia
b
ilit
y
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
o
p
tima
l sch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
PV
-
b
a
s
ed
mic
r
o
g
r
id
s
u
s
in
g
d
etermin
is
tic
…
(
Du
n
ya
S
h
.
Wa
is
)
255
min
=
∑
[
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
]
=
1
(
4
)
T
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MPC
m
o
d
el
c
o
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
(
)
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
c
o
s
t
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
PV
cu
r
tailm
en
t,
an
d
b
ac
k
u
p
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
;
(
)
,
wh
ich
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
p
en
alty
c
o
s
ts
o
f
lo
ad
cu
r
tailm
en
t,
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
(
)
=
1
(
)
+
2
(
)
+
3
(
)
,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
en
alty
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
f
o
llo
w
th
e
h
ier
a
r
ch
y
1
≫
2
≫
3
to
s
tr
ictly
p
r
i
o
r
itize
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
;
an
d
(
)
,
wh
ich
d
en
o
tes
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
d
em
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
m
o
d
eled
as
(
)
=
⋅
(
)
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
a
b
alan
ce
d
tr
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ef
f
icie
n
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
was p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
,
∈
[
0
.
1
,
1
.
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
o
llin
g
MPC
an
d
lo
ad
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
250
-
2
66
256
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
MPC
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
with
lo
ad
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
Usi
n
g
1
=
0
.
9
,
2
=
0
.
6
,
3
=
0
.
3
,
an
d
β
=
0
.
4
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
th
e
o
p
tim
al
to
tal
c
o
s
t
with
n
o
lo
s
s
in
r
eq
u
ir
ed
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
±
1
0
%
s
to
ch
a
s
tic
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
was
ap
p
lied
t
o
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
PV
an
d
lo
a
d
d
ata
to
ass
ess
h
o
w
r
o
b
u
s
t
th
e
MPC
wo
u
ld
r
em
ain
in
th
is
n
o
n
-
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
MPC
co
n
tin
u
es
to
o
p
e
r
ate
s
tab
ly
in
th
i
s
u
n
ce
r
tain
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t.
As
s
u
ch
,
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
o
th
an
e
f
f
icien
t
w
ay
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
d
eter
m
in
i
s
tic
co
s
ts
wh
ile
also
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ain
tain
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
in
a
n
o
n
-
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
I
n
th
is
wa
y
,
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
b
etw
ee
n
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
f
in
a
n
cial
c
o
s
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
u
p
p
ly
s
y
s
tem
an
d
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
r
esil
ien
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
ar
e
p
r
o
tecte
d
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
an
y
p
o
ten
tial d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
r
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
Co
ns
t
ra
ints
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
v
ia
a
s
et
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
th
at
g
o
v
er
n
th
e
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
a
m
o
n
g
r
en
ewa
b
l
e
g
en
er
atio
n
,
s
to
r
ag
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
-
s
id
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
MPC
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
u
s
es
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
lo
ad
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
alo
n
g
with
p
en
alty
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
o
r
cr
itical,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
ess
en
tial
lo
ad
s
as
d
ef
in
ed
in
(
5
)
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
b
alan
c
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
is
th
at
at
an
y
g
iv
en
tim
e
s
tep
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
elia
b
ilit
y
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
o
p
tima
l sch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
PV
-
b
a
s
ed
mic
r
o
g
r
id
s
u
s
in
g
d
etermin
is
tic
…
(
Du
n
ya
S
h
.
Wa
is
)
257
am
o
u
n
t o
f
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ate
d
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
f
r
o
m
s
to
r
a
g
e
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
n
et
lo
a
d
(
cu
r
tailed
lo
ad
s
)
ad
ju
s
ted
f
o
r
ch
ar
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
.
(
)
+
∑
(
)
+
(
)
=
(
)
−
∑
(
)
+
∑
ℎ
(
)
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
PV
o
u
tp
u
t,
(
)
an
d
ℎ
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
an
d
c
h
ar
g
in
g
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
E
SS
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
(
)
is
th
e
im
p
o
r
ted
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
(
wh
e
n
av
ailab
le)
,
(
)
is
th
e
to
tal
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
,
a
n
d
(
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
cu
r
t
ailed
lo
ad
o
f
ca
teg
o
r
y
at
tim
e
.
T
h
e
s
tate
-
of
-
ch
ar
g
e
(
SOC
)
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
th
e
E
SS
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
as
(
6
)
.
(
+
1
)
=
(
)
+
ℎ
ℎ
(
)
−
1
(
)
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
ℎ
an
d
ar
e
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
ef
f
icien
cies
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it,
r
esp
ec
t
iv
ely
,
an
d
(
)
is
th
e
S
OC
at
tim
e
.
T
h
e
SOC
lim
it
s
ar
e
im
p
o
s
ed
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
af
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
E
SS
,
d
ef
in
ed
as
(
7
)
.
≤
(
)
≤
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
an
d
d
en
o
te
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
an
d
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
s
to
r
ag
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
lo
ad
p
r
io
r
ity
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
en
f
o
r
ce
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
cu
r
tailm
en
t
s
tr
ate
g
y
to
p
r
eser
v
e
s
y
s
tem
r
esil
ien
ce
.
C
r
itical
lo
ad
s
m
ay
o
n
ly
b
e
cu
r
tailed
u
n
d
e
r
e
x
tr
em
e
s
h
o
r
tag
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
en
n
o
o
th
er
alter
n
ativ
e
ex
is
ts
.
Seco
n
d
ar
y
lo
ad
s
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
r
i
o
r
to
c
r
itical
lo
ad
s
,
wh
ile
n
o
n
-
ess
en
tial
lo
ad
s
ar
e
cu
r
tailed
f
ir
s
t,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
en
ab
lin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
d
e
m
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Fin
ally
,
cu
r
tailm
en
t
an
d
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
DR
)
lim
its
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
to
b
o
u
n
d
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
le
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
lo
a
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
DR
ac
tio
n
s
:
0
≤
(
)
≤
(
)
,
0
≤
(
)
≤
(
8
)
wh
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
to
tal
d
em
an
d
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
(
)
is
th
e
cu
r
t
ailed
p
o
r
tio
n
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ies
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
allo
wab
le
DR
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
lev
el.
All
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
at
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
r
ef
lects
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lim
itatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
ca
p
tu
r
es
t
h
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
class
es
o
f
lo
ad
,
a
n
d
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
em
ain
s
b
alan
ce
d
b
e
twee
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
r
elia
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
MPC
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
m
an
y
n
o
v
el
a
s
p
ec
ts
th
at
s
ep
ar
ate
it
f
r
o
m
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
o
f
ten
tr
ea
t
E
SS
a
n
d
lo
a
d
s
in
a
lim
ited
an
d
s
tatic
m
an
n
e
r
.
First,
in
tellig
en
t
l
o
ad
r
ed
u
ctio
n
will
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
a
d
y
n
am
ic
c
u
r
tailed
l
o
ad
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
m
a
y
c
h
an
g
e
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ich
p
r
io
r
itizes
lo
ad
s
to
m
in
im
ize
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
to
c
r
itical
s
er
v
ices.
Seco
n
d
,
d
y
n
am
ic
E
SS
m
an
ag
em
en
t
will
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
,
in
wh
ich
E
SS
1
is
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
b
al
an
cin
g
a
n
d
f
ast
tire
r
esp
o
n
s
e
,
wh
ile
E
SS
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
en
er
g
y
in
lo
n
g
er
-
ter
m
d
u
r
atio
n
s
s
o
th
at
b
o
th
s
to
r
ag
e
en
titi
es
ar
e
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
u
s
ed
.
T
h
ir
d
,
lo
ad
s
h
if
tin
g
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
led
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
DR
)
d
ev
elo
p
s
m
ar
ter
way
s
to
f
lex
ib
l
y
a
d
ju
s
t
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
an
d
n
o
n
-
ess
en
tial
lo
ad
s
b
y
s
h
if
tin
g
th
e
m
to
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
lo
wer
d
em
an
d
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
PV,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
co
u
p
led
to
tim
e
-
of
-
u
s
e
(
T
OU)
p
r
icin
g
to
o
p
tim
ize
co
s
ts
.
Fin
ally
,
u
s
in
g
a
r
o
llin
g
MPC
allo
ws
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
h
o
r
izo
n
as
f
o
r
ec
asts
ar
e
r
ef
in
ed
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
a
v
ailab
le
,
wh
ich
cr
ea
tes
r
esil
ien
ce
to
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
.
All
o
f
th
ese
n
ew
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
g
et
wr
ap
p
ed
i
n
an
o
v
er
ar
ch
i
n
g
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
with
d
ay
-
a
h
ea
d
p
lan
n
in
g
with
in
tr
a
-
d
ay
u
p
d
ates
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
o
lis
tic
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
lea
d
in
g
to
lo
wer
co
s
t
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
h
ig
h
er
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
les,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
o
f
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
.
T
o
b
et
ter
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
E
SS
m
o
d
el
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
b
o
th
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
an
d
th
er
m
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Deg
r
ad
atio
n
an
d
cy
cle
-
life
ef
f
ec
ts
wer
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
cu
m
u
lativ
e
en
er
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
li
m
it,
r
estrictin
g
th
e
d
aily
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
d
ep
th
to
8
0
%
o
f
th
e
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
,
wh
ich
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ca
p
tu
r
es b
atter
y
a
g
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
ter
ef
f
icien
cies (
,
)
.
wer
e
m
o
d
eled
as
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
=
₀
−
·
(
−
25°
)
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
th
er
m
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
lo
ad
p
r
io
r
itizatio
n
,
th
r
ee
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
ca
teg
o
r
i
es
wer
e
d
ef
in
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
r
ea
lis
m
o
f
th
e
d
em
an
d
-
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
tr
ateg
y
:
i)
C
r
itical
lo
ad
s
–
s
u
ch
as
h
o
s
p
ital
an
d
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
m
u
s
t
r
e
m
ain
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
;
ii)
Seco
n
d
ar
y
lo
ad
s
–
in
clu
d
in
g
HVAC
an
d
wate
r
-
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
er
r
ed
tem
p
o
r
ar
ily
;
an
d
iii)
n
o
n
-
ess
en
tial
lo
ad
s
–
s
u
ch
as
E
V
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
r
o
f
f
ice
lig
h
tin
g
,
wh
ich
ar
e
f
u
lly
cu
r
tailab
le.
T
h
e
lo
ad
h
ier
ar
c
h
y
was
m
at
h
em
a
tically
f
o
r
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
p
en
alty
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
th
at
f
o
llo
w
th
e
s
tr
ict
p
r
io
r
ity
o
r
d
er
c
r
it
ica
l
≫
s
e
c
onda
r
y
≫
nonc
r
it
ica
l
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
cr
itical
s
er
v
ices a
r
e
alwa
y
s
p
r
eser
v
ed
wh
ile
o
p
tim
izin
g
o
v
e
r
a
ll sy
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
er
at
io
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
A
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
u
s
in
g
f
o
u
r
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
al
m
o
d
es
(
s
ee
T
ab
le
1
)
will
ev
alu
ate
h
o
w
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
i
es
af
f
ec
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
wh
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
MPC
s
tr
ateg
y
wo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
“
b
aselin
e”
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
Mo
d
e
1
;
th
is
m
o
d
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
a
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
MPC
o
r
d
e
m
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
“stan
d
a
r
d
MPC
”
with
n
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
c
h
20
2
6
:
250
-
2
66
258
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
es
f
o
r
E
SS
s
an
d
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
lo
ad
s
h
ed
d
in
g
r
u
les
is
Mo
d
e
2
;
th
is
m
o
d
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
d
ay
-
ah
ea
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
with
o
u
t
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
Mo
d
e
3
,
an
en
h
a
n
c
ed
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
o
f
E
SS
s
an
d
lim
ited
d
em
an
d
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
test
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
m
u
lti
p
le
E
SS
s
to
s
h
if
t
lo
ad
an
d
tak
e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
f
av
ailab
le
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
te
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
estab
lis
h
ed
in
Mo
d
e
4
,
cr
ea
tin
g
in
tellig
en
t
lo
ad
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
c
o
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
f
E
SS
s
,
ap
p
l
y
in
g
in
tellig
en
t
lo
a
d
s
h
if
tin
g
,
an
d
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
r
o
llin
g
u
p
d
ates
o
f
th
e
MPC
d
aily
.
Mo
d
e
4
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
all
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
s
t,
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
u
s
e,
an
d
a
h
ig
h
er
lev
el
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
.
All
m
o
d
es
cr
ea
te
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
s
tu
d
y
ea
ch
d
is
tin
ct
elem
en
t
with
in
th
e
c
o
m
p
lete
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
m
an
ag
in
g
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
MPC
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Ov
e
r
v
iew
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
es a
n
d
o
b
jec
tiv
es
M
o
d
e
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
/
n
o
t
e
s
M
o
d
e
1
N
o
M
P
C
,
n
o
d
e
ma
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
se
,
s
t
a
t
i
c
ESS
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
B
a
se
l
i
n
e
sc
e
n
a
r
i
o
f
o
r
c
o
mp
a
r
i
s
o
n
:
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
sy
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
M
o
d
e
2
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
P
C
w
i
t
h
f
i
x
e
d
ESS
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
i
c
l
o
a
d
c
u
r
t
a
i
l
me
n
t
A
ssesse
s s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
a
y
-
a
h
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
sc
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
.
M
o
d
e
3
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
ESS
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
l
o
a
d
f
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
d
e
ma
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
se
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
o
f
d
y
n
a
mi
c
st
o
r
a
g
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
sel
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
sh
i
f
t
i
n
g
.
M
o
d
e
4
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
M
P
C
:
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
l
o
a
d
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
c
o
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
r
y
ESS
,
s
mart
l
o
a
d
s
h
i
f
t
i
n
g
,
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
i
n
t
r
a
-
d
a
y
u
p
d
a
t
e
s
D
e
mo
n
st
r
a
t
e
s
f
u
l
l
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
;
ma
x
i
m
i
z
e
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
o
a
d
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
A
ND
RE
SU
L
T
S
Usi
n
g
s
i
m
u
l
ate
d
d
a
tas
ets
o
f
PV
g
en
e
r
at
io
n
,
l
o
a
d
p
r
o
f
i
les
,
s
to
ch
asti
c
n
o
is
e
,
an
d
co
m
m
o
n
d
ail
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
c
u
r
v
es
,
t
h
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
is
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
n
a
cc
u
r
a
te
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
ati
o
n
o
f
a
m
i
cr
o
g
r
i
d
i
n
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
.
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o
ass
ess
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
(
MC
S)
i
n
r
e
d
u
c
in
g
c
o
s
ts
w
h
i
le
all
o
win
g
f
o
r
i
n
c
r
e
ase
d
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
an
ar
r
a
y
o
f
ev
al
u
a
ti
o
n
m
e
tr
i
cs
w
er
e
d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
t
h
at
ca
p
t
u
r
e
b
o
t
h
r
eli
a
b
ili
ty
an
d
ef
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
as
c
h
a
r
ac
te
r
i
ze
d
b
y
k
W
h
l
o
ad
r
e
d
u
cti
o
n
s
,
PV
c
u
r
tail
m
e
n
t
r
ate
(
%)
,
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
al
co
s
t
(
i
n
m
o
n
eta
r
y
ter
m
s
)
,
an
d
v
a
r
i
an
ce
i
n
l
o
a
d
r
e
d
u
cti
o
n
s
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
is
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
en
t
ati
o
n
,
f
o
u
r
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
al
m
o
d
es
we
r
e
e
v
al
u
at
e
d
,
wit
h
ea
c
h
m
o
d
e'
s
d
ata
b
e
in
g
ag
g
r
e
g
at
e
d
a
n
d
p
r
es
e
n
te
d
i
n
d
et
ail
e
d
ta
b
l
es
a
n
d
wit
h
i
ll
u
s
t
r
at
iv
e
g
r
ap
h
s
.
Da
ta
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
w
ill
b
e
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
t
h
at
o
b
t
a
in
e
d
f
r
o
m
b
ase
li
n
e
s
t
u
d
ies
t
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
t
a
g
es
t
h
at
r
es
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
te
ch
n
i
q
u
es
p
r
e
s
en
t
e
d
in
t
h
is
p
a
p
er
,
as
t
h
e
y
r
e
late
t
o
:
i
)
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
cr
i
tic
al
l
o
ad
c
u
r
tai
lm
en
t,
ii
)
m
a
x
i
m
iz
in
g
P
V
u
til
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
,
iii
)
m
i
n
i
m
iz
in
g
t
h
e
t
o
t
al
c
o
s
t
o
f
o
p
er
ati
n
g
t
h
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
is
ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
t
h
e
b
e
n
e
f
its
o
b
ta
in
e
d
f
r
o
m
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
in
g
u
n
i
q
u
e
in
s
t
an
ce
s
o
f
MCS
ca
p
ab
ilit
ie
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
i
n
te
lli
g
e
n
t
l
o
a
d
r
ed
u
c
ti
o
n
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
E
SS
s
an
d
r
o
ll
i
n
g
i
n
t
r
a
-
d
a
y
s
ch
ed
u
l
in
g
(
R
I
Ds
)
,
wit
h
t
h
e
s
y
n
e
r
g
is
ti
c
ef
f
ec
t
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
ll
o
f
t
h
es
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es
i
n
c
o
m
b
i
n
at
io
n
r
es
u
lt
in
g
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
l
lo
wi
n
g
tw
o
o
u
tc
o
m
es:
a
g
r
ea
t
er
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
e
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
is
i
n
te
g
r
at
e
d
,
a
m
o
r
e
r
es
ili
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
is
c
r
ea
te
d
,
a
n
d
a
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
ti
v
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
o
u
n
c
e
r
tai
n
t
y
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
-
s
i
d
e
.
3
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
da
t
a
a
nd
s
im
ula
t
io
n set
up
A
s
im
u
lated
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
test
th
e
co
llab
o
r
a
tiv
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
u
s
in
g
a
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
f
iv
e
PV (
2
5
k
W
)
u
n
its
,
two
d
if
f
er
en
t ty
p
es
o
f
E
SS
:
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SS
1
with
th
r
ee
(
1
0
0
k
W
)
u
n
its
an
d
E
SS
2
with
2
(
1
5
0
k
W
)
u
n
its
,
as
well
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s
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co
m
b
in
ed
to
tal
o
f
n
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lo
a
d
n
o
d
es
th
at
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
cr
itical
lo
a
d
s
,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lo
ad
s
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
cr
itical
lo
a
d
s
,
i.
e.
,
2
7
d
is
tin
ct
lo
a
d
elem
en
ts
.
All
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
its
o
p
er
ate
at
9
5
%
c
h
ar
g
e/d
is
ch
ar
g
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
h
a
v
e
d
ef
in
ed
SOC
(
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e)
lim
its
o
f
b
etwe
en
0
.
2
-
0
.
9
.
T
h
e
i
n
itial
SOC
v
alu
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
E
SS
T
y
p
es
1
an
d
2
wi
ll
s
tar
t
at
5
0
%.
All
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
m
ic
r
o
g
r
id
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
o
d
el
is
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Gu
r
o
b
i
s
o
lv
er
with
in
th
e
Py
t
h
o
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
n
a
s
y
s
tem
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
a
n
I
n
tel
C
o
r
e
i7
-
9
4
0
0
F C
PU r
u
n
n
in
g
a
t 3
.
3
GHz
with
1
6
GB
R
AM
.
T
h
e
PV
g
e
n
er
atio
n
p
r
o
f
ile
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
is
p
r
o
ject
was
cr
ea
ted
f
r
o
m
a
s
im
u
latio
n
w
ith
a
p
ea
k
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
1
2
5
k
W
(
5
x
2
5
k
W
)
wh
er
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
d
ail
y
v
ar
iatio
n
was
ad
d
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
ex
p
ec
ted
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
Gau
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
σ
=
8
k
W
)
.
T
h
e
b
ase
-
lo
ad
was
ass
u
m
ed
to
f
o
llo
w
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
ally
v
a
r
y
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g
p
atter
n
(
ar
o
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n
d
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0
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k
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with
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d
o
m
n
o
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e
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ed
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b
ase
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es
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clip
p
ed
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en
5
0
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d
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6
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to
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ep
r
e
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t
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m
o
r
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r
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lis
tic
en
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ir
o
n
m
en
t.
C
r
itical
lo
ad
ca
teg
o
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s
h
ad
th
e
g
r
ea
test
am
o
u
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
ac
tiv
e
h
o
u
r
s
(
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:0
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2
2
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0
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,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
p
r
icin
g
(
1
0
:0
0
-
1
1
:0
0
,
1
8
:0
0
-
2
0
:
0
0
)
.
Seco
n
d
ar
y
lo
a
d
s
h
ad
a
m
o
d
er
ate
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
c
r
itical
to
n
o
n
-
cr
itical,
wh
ile
th
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
d
em
a
n
d
was
allo
ca
ted
to
n
o
n
-
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
.
T
im
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
iles
f
o
r
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
,
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
lo
ad
s
,
an
d
n
o
n
-
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
ex
is
ted
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
p
er
io
d
b
ei
n
g
allo
ca
ted
to
all
ca
teg
o
r
ies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
.
E
lectr
icity
p
r
ice
s
ch
ed
u
les
w
er
e
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
p
ea
k
,
r
e
g
u
lar
,
an
d
v
alley
p
r
icin
g
b
y
m
a
p
p
in
g
th
ese
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
R
elia
b
ilit
y
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
o
p
tima
l sch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
PV
-
b
a
s
ed
mic
r
o
g
r
id
s
u
s
in
g
d
etermin
is
tic
…
(
Du
n
ya
S
h
.
Wa
is
)
259
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
h
o
u
r
ly
p
er
io
d
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
PV
cu
r
tailm
en
t
an
d
E
SS
m
ain
ten
an
ce
c
o
s
ts
wer
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
with
in
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
al
o
u
tp
u
ts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
s
et
o
f
s
im
u
lated
d
ata
in
clu
d
e
d
h
o
u
r
ly
PV
g
en
er
atio
n
,
to
tal
lo
a
d
,
a
n
d
lo
a
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
y
p
r
io
r
ity
(
cr
iti
ca
l,
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
,
an
d
non
-
cr
itical)
,
allo
win
g
a
c
o
m
p
lete
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MPC
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ated
d
ata
s
h
o
wn
in
S
ec
tio
n
5
p
r
o
v
id
es
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
h
o
w
ac
cu
r
ately
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
ca
n
p
r
ed
ict
PV
g
en
er
atio
n
o
v
er
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
an
d
in
tr
a
-
d
ay
(
u
ltra
-
s
h
o
r
t
ter
m
)
tim
e
f
r
am
es.
Al
l
s
im
u
latio
n
s
cr
ip
ts
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
f
iles
ar
e
av
ailab
le
u
p
o
n
r
eq
u
est
f
o
r
r
esear
c
h
r
e
p
licatio
n
.
A
s
im
p
lifie
d
p
s
eu
d
o
-
co
d
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
o
u
tin
e
h
as b
ee
n
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
f
o
r
clar
ity
.
T
ab
le
2
.
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
o
p
er
at
io
n
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
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lan
d
e
d
m
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P
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me
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e
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p
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c
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1
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n
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k
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En
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